A directionally dispensable straw pulverizing device and harvester

Abstract

The present application can orient the straw crushing device and harvester, including crushing mechanism, transport cleaning mechanism, entrainment loss recovery mechanism and directional throwing mechanism; the crushing mechanism is arranged above the transport cleaning mechanism, for crushing the straw; the transport cleaning mechanism is used for throwing and screening the crushed straw and the entrained grain; the entrainment loss recovery mechanism is arranged below the transport cleaning mechanism, for collecting the entrained grain screened by the transport cleaning mechanism; the directional throwing mechanism is arranged below the entrainment loss recovery mechanism, for directional throwing of the straw thrown by the transport cleaning mechanism. The device can crush the straw, recover the entrained loss grain and orient the straw throwing, especially suitable for different planting distance of the regenerated rice field, avoiding the crushed straw covering the dormant bud, improving the second season yield of the regenerated rice.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery equipment, and particularly relates to a straw smashing device capable of directional throwing and a harvester. BACKGROUND

[0002] Regenerative rice is a kind of two-crop rice, and its economic value is relatively high. Planting the regenerative rice is conducive to rational utilization of land resources and protection of China's food security. Due to its special agronomic requirements, after the first season of rice is harvested, a certain height of the stubble needs to be left in order to sprout and grow into ears for the second season. However, at present, the straw after the first season of harvest is directly crushed and discharged onto the surface of the regenerative buds. The stalks are too long and cover and accumulate on the regenerative buds. In rainy days, the stalks will rot and accumulate on the surface, causing the delay of the germination of the regenerative buds or the reduction of the germination rate, resulting in the reduction of the yield of the second season of rice. At present, there is no device in China that is specially used for directional throwing of the straw of the regenerative rice.

[0003] The entrainment loss is a part of the loss with a large proportion in the process of crop harvesting. The unthreshed stalks directly fall into the field through the straw discharge port, causing a large amount of loss, and the entrainment loss rate cannot be known in real time, so that the operator cannot timely adjust the parameters of the harvester to reduce the loss. At present, although the loss sensor is used to detect the loss rate, the cost is high, and the entrained loss grains cannot be recovered. SUMMARY

[0004] In view of the above technical problems, the present application provides a straw smashing device capable of directional throwing. The device can crush the straw, recover the entrained loss grains and throw the straw directionally, and is particularly suitable for the regenerative rice fields with different planting distances, so as to avoid the crushed straw from covering the dormant buds and improve the yield of the second season of the regenerative rice.

[0005] One of the purposes of one mode of the present application is to use three groups of blades to crush the straw at high strength and then throw it. The upper two groups of blades rotate in opposite directions to crush the stalks, which is also conducive to the downward movement of the stalks to the directional throwing plate. The second group of blades crushes the dropped stalks again and then falls to the directional throwing plate. Meanwhile, the three groups of blades have the effect of beating and threshing the unthreshed stalks.

[0006] One of the purposes of one mode of the present application is that the threshed stalks and grains fall onto the conveying and cleaning device. Under the action of the airflow, the stalks are stratified, the grains fall into the entrainment loss recovery mechanism from the punched high-transparency screen, and the stalks are transported to the end under the action of the conveying device and then fall into the field, so as to realize the measurement of the entrainment loss and the recovery of the entrained grains and reduce the loss.

[0007] One of the purposes of one embodiment of the present application is that when the harvested crop stalks do not need directional throwing, the directional throwing plate is hung on the entrainment loss recovery mechanism, and when the harvested crop stalks need directional throwing, such as the rice head season, the directional throwing plate is rotated to the area that needs to be thrown for throwing, and the length and position of the directional throwing plate can be adjusted according to different planting row spacing.

[0008] One of the purposes of one embodiment of the present application is to avoid that the crushed straw is not enough to complete the directional throwing by its own gravity, and a gas flow pipe and a directional throwing plate with an inclination angle of work together on the crushed stalks, and a mathematical model between the gas flow velocity and the feeding amount Q, the grass ratio N, and the inclination angle of the directional throwing plate is established, and the appropriate gas flow velocity can be selected according to the mathematical model to realize the directional throwing of the straw.

[0009] One of the purposes of one embodiment of the present application is that the present application integrates the functions of entrainment loss detection, entrainment loss grain recovery, and directional throwing of straw.

[0010] Note that the description of these purposes does not hinder the existence of other purposes. One embodiment of the present application does not need to realize all the above purposes. The purposes other than the above purposes can be extracted from the description, drawings, and claims.

[0011] The present application also provides a harvester with the straw crushing device capable of directional throwing.

[0012] The present application realizes the above technical purposes through the following technical means.

[0013] A straw crushing device capable of directional throwing, comprising a crushing mechanism, a transportation and cleaning mechanism, an entrainment loss recovery mechanism, and a directional throwing mechanism;

[0014] The crushing mechanism is arranged above the transportation and cleaning mechanism, and is used for crushing the straw;

[0015] The transportation and cleaning mechanism is used for throwing the crushed straw and screening the entrained grains;

[0016] The entrainment loss recovery mechanism is arranged below the transportation and cleaning mechanism, and is used for collecting the entrained grains screened by the transportation and cleaning mechanism;

[0017] The directional throwing mechanism is arranged below the entrainment loss recovery mechanism, and is used for directional throwing of the straw thrown by the transportation and cleaning mechanism.

[0018] In the above scheme, the crushing mechanism comprises a shell, a crushing knife group, and a motor;

[0019] The pulverizing cutter group is installed in the shell, and the motor is connected with the pulverizing cutter group to drive the pulverizing cutter group to work.

[0020] Further, the pulverizing cutter group comprises a first pulverizing cutter group, a second pulverizing cutter group and a third pulverizing cutter group.

[0021] The first pulverizing cutter group, the second pulverizing cutter group and the third pulverizing cutter group are respectively installed in the shell, and the first pulverizing cutter group and the second pulverizing cutter group are installed in parallel at the upper part of the shell, and the third pulverizing cutter group is installed below the gap between the first pulverizing cutter group and the second pulverizing cutter group; the first pulverizing cutter group and the second pulverizing cutter group rotate reversely. According to the feature, three groups of blades are used to pulverize the straw at high strength and then to scatter, the upper two groups of blades pulverize the stems reversely, which is beneficial to the stems to the directional scattering plate, the second group of blades pulverize the dropped stems again and then fall to the directional scattering plate, and the three groups of blades produce the beating threshing effect on the un-threshed stems.

[0022] In the above scheme, the conveying and cleaning mechanism comprises a screen belt, a driving sprocket, a driven sprocket, a fourth motor and a first airflow pipe group.

[0023] The driving sprocket and the driven sprocket are respectively located at both ends of the inner side of the screen belt, the fourth motor is connected with the driving sprocket to drive the screen belt to move and scatter the pulverized straw, the surface of the screen belt is provided with a plurality of screen holes, and the first airflow pipe group is arranged on one side of the screen belt, the first airflow pipe group is used to blow up the pulverized straw falling thereon, and the seed grains are dropped from the screen holes to the entrainment loss recovery mechanism.

[0024] In the above scheme, the upper part of the entrainment loss recovery mechanism is open, and the bottom of the side close to the scattering direction gradually inclines downward to the other side. According to the feature, it is beneficial to the recovery of the entrainment loss seed grains, and the recovered seed grains can be manually weighed.

[0025] In the above scheme, the bottom of the entrainment loss recovery mechanism is provided with a pressure sensor for measuring the weight of the seed grains. According to the feature, the automatic measurement of the weight of the entrainment loss seed grains is realized.

[0026] In the above scheme, the directional scattering mechanism comprises a directional scattering plate, a rotating shaft, a second airflow pipe group and a lifting lug.

[0027] One end of the directional throwing plate is connected to the lower side of the entrainment loss recovery mechanism on the side close to the throwing direction through a rotating shaft, and the other end of the directional throwing plate can be hung on the other side of the entrainment loss recovery mechanism through a lifting lug; the outlet of the second airflow pipe group is located below the side of the entrainment loss recovery mechanism close to the throwing direction and above the one end of the directional throwing plate; the directional throwing plate has an inclination angle with the horizontal plane when throwing. According to this feature, the threshed stems and grains fall on the conveying and cleaning device, and under the action of the airflow, the stems are stratified, the grains fall into the entrainment loss recovery mechanism from the punched high-transparency screen, and the stems are transported to the end under the action of the conveying device and then fall into the field, realizing the recovery of the entrained loss grains and reducing the loss.

[0028] Further, the two sides of the directional throwing plate are respectively provided with a row of lifting lugs, which are connected with the entrainment loss recovery mechanism through the lifting lugs, and the length and position of the directional throwing plate can be adjusted according to different planting row spacings.

[0029] In the above scheme, the airflow speed V of the second airflow pipe group satisfies the following conditions:

[0030]

[0031] Wherein, V is the airflow speed,

[0032] Q is the feeding amount,

[0033] N is the grass-grain ratio of the feeding material,

[0034] is the included angle between the directional throwing plate and the horizontal plane when throwing,

[0035] b is the width of the screen belt,

[0036] k is the distance from the crushing mechanism shell to the screen belt.

[0037] According to this feature, the crushed straw can be jointly acted on by the airflow pipe and the directional throwing plate with an inclination angle of to complete the directional throwing work by its own gravity, and the appropriate airflow speed can be selected according to the mathematical model established among the airflow speed, the feeding amount Q, the grass-grain ratio N and the inclination angle of the directional throwing plate to realize the directional throwing of the straw.

[0038] A harvester comprising the straw crushing device with directional throwing function.

[0039] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0040] The device has the functions of straw crushing, chaffer loss grain recovery and directional throwing of straw, and can be particularly suitable for regenerated rice fields with different planting distances, so that the crushed straw can not cover the dormant buds, and the yield of the second season of the regenerated rice is improved.

[0041] According to one mode of the present application, three groups of blades are used for high-strength crushing of the straw and then throwing, the upper two groups of blades are reversely rotated to crush the stems, and at the same time, the stems are beneficially brought downward to the directional throwing plate, the second group of blades is used for secondary crushing of the dropped stems and then falling to the directional throwing plate, and at the same time, the three groups of blades have a beating threshing effect on the un-threshed stems.

[0042] According to one mode of the present application, the threshed stems and grains fall on the conveying and cleaning device, under the action of the airflow, the stems are stratified, the grains fall into the chaffer loss recovery mechanism from the punched high-transparency screen, and the stems are transported to the end under the action of the conveying device and then dropped into the field, so that the measurement of the chaffer loss and the recovery of the chaffered grains are realized, and the loss is reduced.

[0043] According to one mode of the present application, when the harvested crop stems do not need directional throwing, the directional throwing plate is hung on the chaffer loss recovery mechanism, and when the harvested crop stems need directional throwing, such as the first season of the regenerated rice, the directional throwing plate is rotated to the area needing throwing for throwing, and the length and position of the directional throwing plate can be adjusted according to different planting row distances.

[0044] According to one mode of the present application, in order to avoid that the crushed straw is not enough to complete the directional throwing by its own gravity, an airflow pipe and a directional throwing plate with an inclination angle of are designed to jointly act on the crushed stems, and a mathematical model is established among the airflow velocity, the feeding amount Q, the grass-grain ratio N and the inclination angle of the directional throwing plate, and the appropriate airflow velocity can be selected according to the mathematical model to realize the directional throwing of the straw.

[0045] According to one mode of the present application, the present application integrates the functions of chaffer loss detection, chaffer loss grain recovery and directional throwing of the straw.

[0046] Note that the description of these effects does not hinder the existence of other effects. One mode of the present application does not necessarily have all the above effects. Effects other than the above can be obviously seen and extracted from the description, drawings, claims, etc. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0047] Figure 1 is a structure schematic diagram of the directional throwing straw crushing device according to one embodiment of the present application.

[0048] Figure 2It is the directional throwing function diagram of the straw crushing device capable of directional throwing of an embodiment of the application.

[0049] Figure 3 It is the force diagram of the action of air flow on the stem of an embodiment of the application.

[0050] Figure 4 It is the working process diagram of the straw crushing device capable of directional throwing in the head season of the regenerative rice of an embodiment of the application.

[0051] In the figure: 1, first motor; 2, second motor; 3, third motor; 4, first crushing knife group; 5, second crushing knife group; 6, third crushing knife group; 7, first air flow pipe group; 8, shell; 9, sieve belt; 10, driven sprocket; 11, driving sprocket; 12, fourth motor; 13, transportation and cleaning mechanism; 14, entrainment loss recovery mechanism; 15, directional throwing plate; 16, rotating shaft; 17, second air flow pipe group; 18, first lifting lug; 19, second lifting lug; 20, third lifting lug. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] The embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below are examples for explaining the present application and should not be construed as limiting the present application.

[0053] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "front", "back", "left", "right", "up", "down", "axial", "radial", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the purpose of facilitating the description of the present application and simplifying the description, and therefore cannot be construed as indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be construed as limiting the present application. In addition, the terms "first", "second" are only for the purpose of description, and cannot be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as "first", "second" can explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "a plurality of" is two or more, unless otherwise specifically limited.

[0054] In the present application, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "mounting", "connecting", "connecting", "fixing" and other terms should be understood broadly, for example, can be fixedly connected, can be detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically connected, or electrically connected; can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or the internal communication of two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0055] Figure 1 The preferred embodiment of the present application is shown as a kind of directional throwing straw crushing device, the directional throwing straw crushing device, including crushing mechanism, transport cleaning mechanism 13, entrainment loss recovery mechanism 14 and directional throwing mechanism;

[0056] The crushing mechanism is arranged above the transport cleaning mechanism 13, for crushing straw;

[0057] The transport cleaning mechanism 13 is used to throw and screen the crushed straw and the entrained grain;

[0058] The entrainment loss recovery mechanism 14 is arranged below the transport cleaning mechanism 13, for collecting the entrained grain screened by the transport cleaning mechanism 13;

[0059] The directional throwing mechanism is arranged below the entrainment loss recovery mechanism 14, for directional throwing of the straw thrown by the transport cleaning mechanism 13.

[0060] In an embodiment of the present application, the crushing mechanism includes a shell 8, a crushing knife group and a motor;

[0061] The crushing knife group is installed in the shell 8, and the motor is connected with the crushing knife group for driving the crushing knife group to work.

[0062] In an embodiment of the present application, the crushing knife group includes a first crushing knife group 4, a second crushing knife group 5 and a third crushing knife group 6;The motor includes a first motor 1, a second motor 2 and a third motor 3, the first motor 1 is connected with the first crushing knife group 4, for driving the first crushing knife group 4 to rotate;The second motor 2 is connected with the second crushing knife group 5, for driving the second crushing knife group 5 to rotate;The third motor 3 is connected with the third crushing knife group 6, for driving the third crushing knife group 6 to rotate.

[0063] The first pulverizing blade group 4, the second pulverizing blade group 5 and the third pulverizing blade group 6 are respectively installed in the shell 8, and the first pulverizing blade group 4 and the second pulverizing blade group 5 are installed in parallel at the upper part of the shell 8, and the third pulverizing blade group 6 is installed below the gap between the first pulverizing blade group 4 and the second pulverizing blade group 5; the first pulverizing blade group 4 and the second pulverizing blade group 5 rotate reversely. According to the feature, three groups of blades are used for high-strength pulverization of the straw and then for throwing and scattering, the upper two groups of blades are reversely rotated to pulverize the straw, which is beneficial to the downward movement of the straw to the directional throwing and scattering plate, the second group of blades is used for secondary pulverization of the dropped straw and then falling to the directional throwing and scattering plate, and the three groups of blades are used for beating and threshing the un-threshed straw.

[0064] In an embodiment of the present application, the conveying and cleaning mechanism 13 comprises a screen belt 9, a driving sprocket 11, a driven sprocket 10, a fourth motor 12 and a first airflow pipe group 7.

[0065] The driving sprocket 11 and the driven sprocket 10 are respectively located at both ends of the inner side of the screen belt 9, the fourth motor 12 is connected with the driving sprocket 11 to drive the movement of the screen belt 9 and throw and scatter the pulverized straw, the surface of the screen belt 9 is provided with a plurality of screen holes, and the first airflow pipe group 7 is arranged on one side of the screen belt 9, which is used for blowing up the pulverized straw falling thereon, and the carried seeds fall from the screen holes to the carried loss recovery mechanism.

[0066] In an embodiment of the present application, the screen belt 9 is a punched high-transparency screen.

[0067] In an embodiment of the present application, the carried loss recovery mechanism 14 is provided with an upper opening, and the bottom of the side close to the throwing direction gradually inclines downward to the other side. According to the feature, the recovery of the carried loss seeds is facilitated, and the recovered seeds can be manually weighed.

[0068] In an embodiment of the present application, the bottom of the carried loss recovery mechanism 14 is provided with a pressure sensor for measuring the weight of the seeds. According to the feature, the automatic measurement of the weight of the carried loss seeds is realized.

[0069] In an embodiment of the present application, the directional throwing and scattering mechanism comprises a directional throwing and scattering plate 15, a rotating shaft 16, a second airflow pipe group 17 and a second lug 19.

[0070] One end of the directional throwing plate 15 is connected to the lower side of the entrainment loss recovery mechanism 14 by a rotating shaft 16, and the other end of the directional throwing plate 15 can be hung on the second lifting lug 19 on the other side of the entrainment loss recovery mechanism 14; the outlet of the second airflow pipe group 17 is located below the side of the entrainment loss recovery mechanism 14 away from the throwing direction, and above the one end of the directional throwing plate 15; the directional throwing plate 15 has an inclination angle with the horizontal plane when throwing. According to this feature, the threshed stems and grains fall onto the conveying and cleaning device, and under the action of the airflow, the stems are stratified, the grains fall from the punched high-transparency screen into the entrainment loss recovery mechanism, and the stems are transported to the end under the action of the conveying device and fall into the field, realizing the recovery of the entrained loss grains and reducing the loss.

[0071] In an embodiment of the present application, a row of first lifting lugs 18 is arranged on each side of the directional throwing plate 15, which is connected to the third lifting lug 20 of the entrainment loss recovery mechanism 14, and the length and position of the directional throwing plate can be adjusted according to different planting row spacing.

[0072] In an embodiment of the present application, the airflow speed V of the second airflow pipe group 17 satisfies the following conditions:

[0073]

[0074] wherein V is the airflow speed,

[0075] Q is the feeding amount,

[0076] N is the grass-to-grain ratio of the feeding material,

[0077] is the included angle between the directional throwing plate 15 and the horizontal plane when throwing,

[0078] b is the width of the screen belt 9,

[0079] k is the distance from the crushing mechanism shell to the screen belt 9.

[0080] According to this feature, the crushed straw can be prevented from completing directional throwing by its own gravity, and the crushed straw can be acted on by the airflow pipe and the directional throwing plate with an inclination angle of According to the mathematical model established among the airflow speed, the feeding amount Q, the grass-to-grain ratio N, and the inclination angle of the directional throwing plate, a suitable airflow speed can be selected to realize directional throwing of the straw.

[0081] In an embodiment of the present application, the orientable straw crushing device can not only crush the stems, but also perform secondary threshing on the stems with unthreshed grains. After being processed by the conveying and cleaning mechanism 13, the entrained grains are collected into the entrainment loss recovery mechanism 14. While measuring the entrainment loss, the grains are recovered. Finally, the stems can be orientably scattered. In particular, when planting the regenerative rice, the stems do not cover the dormant buds of the regenerative rice, which is beneficial to improve the yield in the regenerative season.

[0082] After the stems enter the straw crushing and orientable scattering device from the inlet, they fall onto the conveying and cleaning mechanism 13 after being crushed and hit by the first crushing blade group 4 and the second crushing blade group 5. To ensure that the stems are fully crushed, a third crushing blade group 6 is arranged below the first crushing blade group 4 and the second crushing blade group 5 to perform secondary crushing and hitting on the stems. While the stems are being crushed, the stems with unthreshed grains are subjected to secondary threshing under the action of the three crushing blade groups, and then the crushed stems and the fallen grains fall onto the punched high-transparency screen.

[0083] The first crushing blade group 4 and the second crushing blade group 5 perform reverse rotation crushing under the control of the first motor 1 and the second motor 2, respectively, which increases the crushing efficiency and effectively brings the stems downward to the punched high-transparency screen to separate the stems and grains and to orientably scatter the stems.

[0084] After the crushed stems and the fallen grains fall onto the punched high-transparency screen, the crushed stems are transported from left to right for scattering under the action of the driven sprocket 10, the driving sprocket 11, and the fourth motor 12. Meanwhile, the first airflow pipe group 7 outputs airflow, which can cause the crushed stems to be layered and thus separated from the fallen grains. Then, the stems are scattered under the action of the airflow and the conveying device, and the grains fall into the entrainment loss recovery mechanism 14 through the punched high-transparency screen. The entrainment loss recovery mechanism 14 and the conveying and cleaning mechanism 13 are at a certain angle, which facilitates the aggregation and recovery of the grains. At this time, the weight of the grains can be manually measured or measured by a pressure sensor, so as to obtain the mass m of the grains in the entrainment loss recovery mechanism 14. After weighing the weight M of the grains in the weighing bin, the entrainment loss can be calculated. The length of the stems cut by the blade is less than the diameter of the screen hole, so that the stems will not fall into the entrainment loss measuring and recovery device with the grains, and the airflow acts on the stems.

[0085] When harvesting crops that do not require directional treatment of the stems, the stems are transported by the conveying and cleaning mechanism 13 to the end and naturally fall into the field under their own gravity. However, when harvesting crops that require orientable scattering of the stems, such as regenerative rice, the directional scattering plate 15 is needed to orientably scatter the stems. When the directional scattering plate 15 is not needed, the first lifting lug 18 is connected to the second lifting lug 19 on the entrainment loss recovery mechanism 14 by a hook.

[0086] When the first season of the regenerative rice is harvested, the stems cannot cover the buds, so the stems need to be discharged to the unseeded area. At this time, the first hanging ear 18 can be disconnected from the hook connected to the second hanging ear 19 of the entrainment loss recovery mechanism 14. The directional throwing plate 15 can be rotated to the end of the transportation and cleaning mechanism 13 under the action of the rotating shaft 16, that is, it can be converted from position 1 to position 2 in the Figure 2 After the crushed straw falls into the directional throwing plate 15, directional throwing can be realized. The directional throwing plate 15 is provided with a plurality of first hanging ears 18 for connecting with the third hanging ear 20 of the entrainment loss recovery mechanism 14 to fix the position. The operator can select any first hanging ear 18 on the directional plate to connect with the third hanging ear 20 of the entrainment loss recovery mechanism 14 according to the planting row spacing and unseeded area of the regenerative rice to adjust the directional plate to be able to direct the stems to be thrown to the specified area.

[0087] In order to adapt to different planting modes and different planting row spacings of regenerative rice, in order to avoid the accumulation of crushed stems on the directional throwing plate 15 due to excessive amount, or the adhesion and accumulation of stems due to high moisture content, air flow combined with downward inclined directional throwing plate 15 is used to throw the straw to the unseeded regenerative rice area. The device can be installed on different harvesters for use. According to the parameters such as the feeding amount of the harvester, the straw-grain ratio of the regenerative rice, and the moisture content of the stems, the size of the air flow is determined to push the stems, so as to avoid the adhesion of the stems on the directional plate due to high moisture content.

[0088] The stems are subjected to the force F1 of the air flow field of the second air flow pipe group 17 along the directional throwing plate 15 downward. For simplicity of calculation, it is assumed that the air flow emitted by the air flow pipe is a uniform flow field. Considering the force F1 of the air flow on the stems, the gravity G of the stems and the friction force f, the force of the air flow on the stems is always perpendicular to the stems, as shown in Figure 3 .

[0089] In order to make the stems slide downward on the directional throwing plate 15 and fall into the unseeded area in the field, the following formula needs to be met:

[0090]

[0091]

[0092]

[0093] Wherein, μ is the friction coefficient between the material and the directional plate, initially taken as 0.5

[0094] G, gravity, G = mg, m is the mass of the stems, kg

[0095] g, gravity acceleration, taken as 9.8 m / s 2

[0096] V, air flow velocity, m / s

[0097] S, stem accumulation cross-sectional area, m 2

[0098] p, air density, take 1.25 kg / m 3

[0099] the angle between the direction of the spreading plate 15 and the horizontal plane, °

[0100] C, drag coefficient, take 0.44

[0101] In summary:

[0102]

[0103] In order to avoid the accumulation of the straw in the designated area, the maximum straw capacity of the directional spreading plate 15 is calculated, the feeding amount of the harvester is Q, the straw-grain ratio of the feeding material is N, the mass of the straw harvested by the harvester per unit time is NQ, and part of the straw enters the grain tank during the harvesting process. Therefore, the mass of the straw discharged through the grass crushing device is about 0.9NQ, the width of the punched high-transparency screen is b, the distance from the shell of the crushing and spreading device to the punched screen is k, that is, S=bk, in addition, due to the water content of the straw, when the water content of the straw is too high, the force between the straws increases, and the straw is more likely to accumulate and adhere to the directional spreading plate 15, therefore, the friction coefficient μ is appropriately large, and is taken as 0.7. Therefore, the above formula can be simplified as:

[0104]

[0105] That is, the required air flow velocity of the air flow pipe can be calculated as:

[0106]

[0107] That is, when the air flow velocity satisfies the above relationship, the straw can be discharged to the designated area under the combined action of the air flow and the directional spreading plate, so as to avoid the accumulation of the straw and the covering of the dormant buds of the rice.

[0108] In an embodiment of the present application, a control unit is further included, which is combined with Figure 4The working process schematic diagram of the straw smashing device capable of directional throwing is shown in the figure, and the size of the air flow is determined according to different parameters such as the feeding amount B of the harvester, the stem-straw-grain ratio n of the ratoon rice, and the like, so that the stems are thrown and pushed, the stems are prevented from being accumulated or adhered to the directional plate due to the high water content, and the throwing is accelerated. The stems are subjected to the force F1 of the air flow field of the air flow device and are forced to move downwards along the directional throwing plate 15. For simplification of calculation, it is assumed that the air flow emitted by the air flow pipe is a uniform flow field, the force of the air flow on the stems is considered, and the gravity G of the stems and the friction force f are considered. In order to ensure that the stems smoothly slide downwards on the directional throwing plate and fall into the designated area of the un-planted area, in addition to the gravity, the air flow field needs to provide sufficient wind power, and the required air flow speed of the air flow pipe is:

[0109]

[0110] That is, when the air flow speed satisfies the above relationship, the stems can be discharged to the designated area under the joint action of the air flow and the directional throwing plate, the stems are not accumulated, and the ratoon rice dormant buds are not covered. The specific implementation process is as follows: first, the feeding amount B of the harvester and the straw-grain ratio N are determined, then the appropriate air flow speed V is determined, and then the directional throwing of the straw is performed. Through the joint action of the directional throwing plate and the air flow field, the straw can be quickly discharged to the un-planted area.

[0111] After the air flow speed is selected, the device starts to work. First, the stems enter the smashing device from the feeding port. On the one hand, the stems are smashed and cut, and on the other hand, the stems are threshed under the action of the cutter group. The grains and stems fall on the surface of the screen belt 9. Under the action of the air flow and the transportation and cleaning mechanism 13, the stems are transported to the end, the grains fall into the entrainment loss recovery mechanism 14 through the punched screen, the grains of the entrainment loss are measured by manual weighing or a designed pressure sensor, the throwing position is adjusted to the designated area through the directional throwing plate 15, and the stems are smoothly and directionally thrown to the field under the action of the air flow.

[0112] The application also provides a harvester comprising the straw smashing device capable of directional throwing, so as to have the beneficial effects described above, which will not be described herein.

[0113] The series of detailed descriptions listed above are only specific descriptions of the feasible embodiments of the application, and are not used to limit the protection scope of the application. Any equivalent embodiments or changes made without departing from the spirit of the application should be included in the protection scope of the application.

Claims

1. A harvester, characterized in that, The device includes a straw crushing device capable of directional throwing; the straw crushing device capable of directional throwing includes a crushing mechanism, a transport and cleaning mechanism (13), a loss recovery mechanism (14), a directional throwing mechanism, and a control unit; The crushing mechanism is located above the transport and cleaning mechanism and is used to crush straw. The crushing mechanism includes a shell (8), a crushing blade assembly, and a motor. The crushing blade assembly is installed inside the shell (8), and the motor is connected to the crushing blade assembly to drive the crushing blade assembly to work. The crushing blade assembly includes a first crushing blade assembly (4), a second crushing blade assembly (5), and a third crushing blade assembly (6). The first crushing blade assembly (4), the second crushing blade assembly (5), and the third crushing blade assembly (6) are respectively installed inside the shell (8), and the first crushing blade assembly (4) and the second crushing blade assembly (5) are arranged in parallel and installed in the upper part of the shell (8). The third crushing blade assembly (6) is installed below the gap between the first crushing blade assembly (4) and the second crushing blade assembly (5). The first crushing blade assembly (4) and the second crushing blade assembly (5) rotate in opposite directions. The transport and cleaning mechanism (13) is used to scatter the crushed straw and screen the entrained grains; the transport and cleaning mechanism (13) includes a screen belt (9), a drive sprocket (11), a driven sprocket (10), a fourth motor (12) and a first airflow pipe group (7); the drive sprocket (11) and the driven sprocket (10) are located at both ends of the inner side of the screen belt (9), the fourth motor (12) is connected to the drive sprocket (11) to drive the screen belt (9) to move and scatter the crushed straw; the surface of the screen belt (9) is provided with multiple screen holes, the first airflow pipe group (7) is set on one side of the screen belt (9), the first airflow pipe group (7) is used to blow up the crushed straw that falls on it, and the entrained grains fall from the screen holes to the entrainment loss recovery mechanism; The entrainment loss recovery mechanism (14) is located below the transport cleaning mechanism (13) and is used to collect the entrained grains screened by the transport cleaning mechanism (13). The directional spreading mechanism is located below the entrainment loss recovery mechanism (14) and is used to directionally spread the straw scattered by the transport cleaning mechanism (13); The directional spraying mechanism includes a directional spraying plate (15), a rotating shaft (16), a second airflow pipe assembly (17), and a second lifting lug (19); One end of the directional spraying plate (15) is connected to the side of the entrainment loss recovery mechanism (14) closer to the spraying direction via a pivot (16), and the other end of the directional spraying plate (15) is hung on the second lifting lug (19) on the other side of the entrainment loss recovery mechanism (14); the outlet of the second airflow pipe assembly (17) is located below the side of the entrainment loss recovery mechanism (14) closer to the spraying direction and above one end of the directional spraying plate (15); the directional spraying plate (15) has an inclined angle with the horizontal plane when used for spraying; a row of first lifting lugs (18) is provided on both sides of the directional spraying plate (15), which are connected to the third lifting lug (20) of the entrainment loss recovery mechanism (14) through the first lifting lugs (18), according to different planting methods. The row spacing is adjusted to adjust the length and position of the directional spreading plate (15); when the first season of ratooning rice is harvested, the hook connecting the first lifting lug (18) to the second lifting lug (19) on the entrapment loss recovery mechanism (14) is removed, and the directional spreading plate (15) rotates to the end of the transport and cleaning mechanism (13) under the action of the rotating shaft (16). Several first lifting lugs (18) are arranged on the directional spreading plate (15) and connected to the third lifting lug (20) of the entrapment loss recovery mechanism (14). According to the row spacing of ratooning rice and the unplanted area, any first lifting lug (18) on the directional plate is selected to connect to the third lifting lug (20) of the entrapment loss recovery mechanism (14) to adjust the length and position of the directional spreading plate (15) and directionally spread the stalks to the designated area. The airflow velocity V of the second airflow tube assembly (17) satisfies the following condition: Where V is the airflow velocity. Q is the feeding amount. N is the ratio of hay to grain in the feed material. The angle between the directional spraying plate (15) and the horizontal plane during spraying. b is the width of the sieve belt (9), k is the distance from the outer shell of the crushing mechanism to the screen belt (9); The straw is spread to areas where no ratooning rice is planted by combining airflow with a downward-sloping directional spraying plate (15).

2. The harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper opening of the entrainment loss recovery mechanism (14) gradually slopes downward from the bottom of the side closer to the throwing direction to the other side.

3. The harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the entrainment loss recovery mechanism (14) is equipped with a pressure sensor for measuring the weight of the grains.

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