How to plant pigeon pea to resist waterlogging

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of pigeon pea planting, and in particular to a pigeon pea flood-resistant planting method. A pigeon pea flood-resistant bacterial community is screened from cellar mud, and the bacterial community is propagated and cultured to prepare a pigeon pea flood-resistant bacterial liquid. The bacterial community in the cellar mud comprises molds, actinomycetes and yeasts, etc. The bacterial community with low ethanol tolerance, such as yeasts and molds, can be screened out by screening with high-concentration ethanol. The screened bacterial community can produce acetaldehyde dehydrogenase and ethanol dehydrogenase under anaerobic fermentation, and has the function of degrading ethanol and acetaldehyde. The bacterial community is added into a pigeon pea planting hole together with an organic fertilizer. During the growth of the pigeon pea plant, the bacterial species in the pigeon pea flood-resistant bacterial liquid and the pigeon pea root system coexist with the organic fertilizer as a carbon and nitrogen source. When a flood disaster occurs, the bacterial community screened by the cellar mud can timely degrade the ethanol and acetaldehyde produced by the anaerobic respiration of the pigeon pea root, thereby reducing the toxicity to the pigeon pea root.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of pigeon pea planting, and in particular to a flood-resistant pigeon pea planting method. Background Art

[0002] The Chinese patent with the authorization announcement number CN107926448B discloses a planting method for maintaining high yield of pigeon pea perennially, comprising the following steps: 1) sowing and fertilizing from the end of February to the beginning of March; 2) timely checking the seedlings after emergence, supplementing the seedlings and thinning the seedlings, and weeding 1-2 times during the seedling stage; fertilization during the seedling stage is mainly liquid fertilizer; 3) when the seedlings grow to 30-50 cm in height, the first pinching is carried out; when the plant grows 4-5 branches, the second pinching is carried out; 4) from the initial flowering stage to the initial pod stage, 4.5-5.5 kg of triple compound fertilizer is applied per mu; 5) harvesting beans in October-November; 6) after the frost period passes until the end of March in the following year, spring pruning is carried out, and the crown is cut into an umbrella shape; 7) harvesting beans in June-July, and the harvesting standard is consistent with step 5); 8) summer pruning is carried out from the harvesting of beans to the end of August, and the crown is cut into a flat surface; 9) harvesting beans in October-November, and then repeating steps 6)-9). The invention can make the pigeon pea retain the perennial habit, and at the same time improve the yield, improve the planting level of pigeon pea in my country, and promote the popularization of pigeon pea.

[0003] In recent years, with the increase of extreme weather, continuous heavy rains have often occurred, leading to floods and waterlogging disasters. The pigeon pea itself has weak resistance to floods. Large-scale floods and waterlogging disasters will cause a large number of pigeon peas to die, causing serious economic losses to pigeon pea growers.

[0004] At present, there are few research reports on the cultivation technology of pigeon pea, especially on the research on the flood-resistant cultivation method of pigeon pea.

[0005] If the planting method of pigeon pea can be improved so that it has a certain degree of flood resistance and can alleviate the damage caused by floods to pigeon pea plants, the economic losses of pigeon pea growers caused by floods can be reduced. Summary of the invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the invention is: how to improve the planting method of pigeon pea so that the pigeon pea has a certain waterlogging resistance ability.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0008] A method for planting pigeon peas to resist waterlogging comprises the following steps:

[0009] To prepare the anti-waterlogging bacterial liquid, the cellar mud and distilled water are mixed evenly in a mass ratio of 1:10-15 to obtain a cellar mud dilution liquid;

[0010] Add ethanol to the LB medium to make the ethanol concentration in the LB medium reach 35%, to obtain a screening medium, drip the cellar mud dilution into the screening medium, and culture until the OD value reaches 0.6; absorb the bacterial solution in the screening medium, transfer it to the common LB medium, and culture until the OD value reaches 0.6, to obtain the cellar mud screening bacterial solution;

[0011] Ridges are made in the field with a ridge spacing of 2.0-2.2 meters. Holes are dug on the ridges at intervals of 1.3-1.5 meters. Pigeon pea seeds are sown in the holes. Organic fertilizer and cellar mud-screened bacterial liquid are mixed in a mass ratio of 2-3:1 and spread in the holes. 0.9-1.1 kg of organic fertilizer is spread in each hole. After fertilization, soil is covered and running water is poured on the soil surface until the soil surface is wet;

[0012] After the seedlings emerge, check and supplement the seedlings, and cultivate the soil regularly;

[0013] Topping regularly;

[0014] From the initial flowering stage to the initial pod stage, apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, and spray the cellar mud and selected bacterial solution on the surface of each hole;

[0015] Harvest pigeon peas when the pods are swollen, 6-9cm long, and the pod skin has green and purple spots and is shiny; harvest hard pods 23-27 days after flowering when the pod color turns brown, the pod shell becomes brittle, and cracks when pinched.

[0016] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned flood-resistant planting method of pigeon pea, the time for sowing pigeon pea seeds in the holes is from the end of February to the beginning of March.

[0017] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned flood-resistant pigeon pea planting method, the time for harvesting pigeon pea is from October to November.

[0018] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned flood-resistant planting method of pigeon pea, the regular tillage is specifically performed for the first time when the seedling height reaches 10-15 cm, and the second time when the seedling height reaches 40-50 cm.

[0019] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned flood-resistant planting method of pigeon pea, the regular pinching is specifically as follows: when the seedling grows to 30-50 cm in height, the first pinching is performed, i.e., the top growth point of the pigeon pea seedling is pinched off; when the plant grows 4-5 branches, the second pinching is performed, i.e., the top growth points of all branches are pinched off.

[0020] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned flood-resistant pigeon pea planting method, the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer applied is 3-4 kg per mu.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the pigeon pea has the characteristics of drought resistance but not waterlogging resistance, so the traditional pigeon pea planting environment is generally planted in dry thin land or hilly slopes that are not easy to accumulate water, and is generally not suitable for planting in flat fields with sufficient precipitation and easy to accumulate water; if the pigeon pea is planted in a flat field ridge that is easy to accumulate water, if the traditional pigeon pea planting method is adopted, once a flood disaster occurs, the pigeon pea will be waterlogged and die, causing great economic losses; this property of the pigeon pea limits the planting range of the pigeon pea. The present invention has found that after the pigeon pea is sown in the hole of the ridge, when organic fertilizer is applied in the hole, and in the subsequent stage of applying nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, by adding a specific proportion of cellar mud to screen bacterial liquid, the waterlogging resistance of the pigeon pea can be improved. The original reason for the poor waterlogging resistance of the pigeon pea may be that after the pigeon pea root is ground by flood for a long time, the aerobic respiration of the root will be inhibited, the anaerobic respiration will be strengthened, and the end product of glycolysis metabolism, pyruvic acid, will be oxidized into ethanol and acetaldehyde intermediates through ethanol fermentation and other pathways, and the accumulation to a certain extent will cause poisoning to the pigeon pea root cells. The invention prepares a cellar mud screening bacterial liquid by screening high ethanol-resistant bacterial flora from cellar mud, breeding and culturing the bacterial flora, wherein the bacterial flora in the cellar mud comprises molds, actinomycetes and yeasts, etc., and screening of high-concentration ethanol can screen out bacterial flora with low ethanol tolerance, such as yeasts and molds, etc. The screened bacterial flora can produce acetaldehyde dehydrogenase and ethanol dehydrogenase under anaerobic fermentation, and has the function of degrading ethanol and acetaldehyde, and is added into a planting hole of pigeon pea together with an organic fertilizer. During the growth of the pigeon pea plant, the bacterial species in the cellar mud screening bacterial liquid and the pigeon pea root system coexist with the organic fertilizer as a carbon and nitrogen source, and when a flood disaster occurs, the bacterial flora screened by the cellar mud can timely degrade the ethanol and acetaldehyde produced by the anaerobic respiration of the pigeon pea root, thereby reducing the toxicity to the pigeon pea root. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] In order to explain the technical content, achieved objectives and effects of the present invention in detail, the following is an explanation in conjunction with the implementation modes.

[0023] The specific implementation mode of the present invention relates to a method for planting pigeon peas to resist waterlogging, comprising the following steps:

[0024] To prepare the anti-waterlogging bacterial liquid, the cellar mud and distilled water are mixed evenly in a mass ratio of 1:10-15 to obtain a cellar mud dilution liquid;

[0025] Add ethanol to the LB medium to make the ethanol concentration in the LB medium reach 35%, to obtain a screening medium, drip the cellar mud dilution into the screening medium, and culture until the OD value reaches 0.6; absorb the bacterial solution in the screening medium, transfer it to the common LB medium, and culture until the OD value reaches 0.6, to obtain the cellar mud screening bacterial solution;

[0026] Ridges are made in the field with a ridge spacing of 2.0-2.2 meters. Holes are dug on the ridges at intervals of 1.3-1.5 meters. Pigeon pea seeds are sown in the holes. Organic fertilizer and cellar mud-screened bacterial liquid are mixed in a mass ratio of 2-3:1 and spread in the holes. 0.9-1.1 kg of organic fertilizer is spread in each hole. After fertilization, soil is covered and running water is poured on the soil surface until the soil surface is wet;

[0027] After the seedlings emerge, check and supplement the seedlings, and cultivate the soil regularly;

[0028] Topping regularly;

[0029] From the initial flowering stage to the initial pod stage, apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, and spray the cellar mud and selected bacterial solution on the surface of each hole;

[0030] Harvest pigeon peas when the pods are swollen, 6-9cm long, and the pod skin has green and purple spots and is shiny; harvest hard pods 23-27 days after flowering when the pod color turns brown, the pod shell becomes brittle, and cracks when pinched.

[0031] In the above implementation, the pigeon pea has the characteristics of drought resistance but not waterlogging resistance. Therefore, the traditional pigeon pea planting environment is generally planted in dry thin land or hilly slopes that are not easy to accumulate water, and is generally not suitable for planting in flat fields with sufficient precipitation and easy to accumulate water; if the pigeon pea is planted in a flat field ridge that is easy to accumulate water, if the traditional pigeon pea planting method is adopted, once a flood disaster occurs, the pigeon pea will be waterlogged and die, causing great economic losses; this property of the pigeon pea limits the planting range of the pigeon pea. The present invention has found that after the pigeon pea is sown in the hole of the ridge, when organic fertilizer is applied in the hole, and in the subsequent stage of applying nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, by adding a specific proportion of cellar mud to screen the bacterial liquid, the waterlogging resistance of the pigeon pea can be improved. The original reason for the poor waterlogging resistance of the pigeon pea may be that after the pigeon pea root is ground by flood for a long time, the aerobic respiration of the root will be inhibited, the anaerobic respiration will be strengthened, and the end product of glycolysis metabolism, pyruvic acid, will be oxidized into ethanol and acetaldehyde intermediates through ethanol fermentation and other pathways, and the accumulation to a certain extent will cause poisoning to the pigeon pea root cells. The invention prepares a cellar mud screening bacterial liquid by screening high ethanol-resistant bacterial flora from cellar mud, breeding and culturing the bacterial flora, wherein the bacterial flora in the cellar mud comprises molds, actinomycetes and yeasts, etc., and screening of high-concentration ethanol can screen out bacterial flora with low ethanol tolerance, such as yeasts and molds, etc. The screened bacterial flora can produce acetaldehyde dehydrogenase and ethanol dehydrogenase under anaerobic fermentation, and has the function of degrading ethanol and acetaldehyde, and is added into a planting hole of pigeon pea together with an organic fertilizer. During the growth of the pigeon pea plant, the bacterial species in the cellar mud screening bacterial liquid and the pigeon pea root system coexist with the organic fertilizer as a carbon and nitrogen source, and when a flood disaster occurs, the bacterial flora screened by the cellar mud can timely degrade the ethanol and acetaldehyde produced by the anaerobic respiration of the pigeon pea root, thereby reducing the toxicity to the pigeon pea root.

[0032] In the above implementation mode, it should be noted that in the above planting method, the method of using cellar mud to screen bacterial liquid to degrade ethanol and acetaldehyde produced by anaerobic respiration at the roots of pigeon pea plants can only alleviate the toxicity of the roots of pigeon pea plants during flood disasters in the short term. When flood disasters actually occur, timely drainage is still required to improve the survival rate of pigeon pea plants.

[0033] As an optional implementation manner, the time for sowing pigeon pea seeds in the holes is from the end of February to the beginning of March.

[0034] In the above implementation mode, the sowing time of pigeon pea seeds is selected from the end of February to the beginning of March. Since June to August is the rainy season and flood disasters are frequent, sowing before this time allows the roots of the pigeon pea plants to fully develop in June to August, allowing the cellar mud screened bacteria to fully coexist with the roots of the pigeon pea plants, which can further improve the survival rate of the pigeon pea plants during flood disasters.

[0035] As an optional embodiment, the time for harvesting pigeon pea is from October to November.

[0036] As an optional implementation, the periodic tillage is specifically performed when the seedling height reaches 10-15 cm for the first time, and when the seedling height reaches 40-50 cm for the second time.

[0037] As an optional implementation, the regular pinching specifically includes: when the seedlings grow to 30-50 cm in height, the first pinching is performed, i.e., the top growth point of the pigeon pea seedlings is removed; when the plant grows 4-5 branches, the second pinching is performed, i.e., the top growth points of all branches are removed.

[0038] As an optional implementation, the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer applied is 3-4 kg per mu.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] A method for planting pigeon peas to resist waterlogging comprises the following steps:

[0041] To prepare the anti-waterlogging bacterial liquid, the cellar mud and distilled water were mixed evenly in a mass ratio of 1:10 to obtain a cellar mud dilution liquid;

[0042] Add ethanol to the LB medium to make the ethanol concentration in the LB medium reach 35%, to obtain a screening medium, drip the cellar mud dilution into the screening medium, and culture until the OD value reaches 0.6; absorb the bacterial solution in the screening medium, transfer it to the common LB medium, and culture until the OD value reaches 0.6, to obtain the cellar mud screening bacterial solution;

[0043] Ridges were made in the field with a ridge spacing of 2.0 meters. Holes were dug on the ridges at intervals of 1.3 meters. From the end of February to the beginning of March, pigeon pea seeds were sown in the holes. Organic fertilizer and cellar mud-screened bacterial solution were mixed in a mass ratio of 2:1 and applied in the holes. 0.9 kg of organic fertilizer was applied to each hole. After fertilization, soil was covered and running water was poured on the soil surface until the soil surface was wet.

[0044] After the seedlings emerge, check the seedlings and supplement the seedlings, and cultivate the soil regularly; the regular cultivation specifically includes the first cultivation when the seedling height reaches 10 cm, and the second cultivation when the seedling height reaches 40 cm.

[0045] Pinch the tops of the plants regularly; when the seedlings grow to 30 cm in height, pinch the tops for the first time, i.e. remove the top growth points of the pigeon pea seedlings; when the plants have 4 branches, pinch the tops for the second time, i.e. remove the top growth points of all branches.

[0046] From the initial flowering stage to the initial pod stage, apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer at a rate of 3 kg per mu, and spray the cellar mud-screened bacterial solution on the surface of each hole at a rate of 300 mL per hole.

[0047] Example 2

[0048] A method for planting pigeon peas to resist waterlogging comprises the following steps:

[0049] To prepare the anti-waterlogging bacterial liquid, the cellar mud and distilled water were mixed evenly at a mass ratio of 1:15 to obtain a cellar mud dilution liquid;

[0050] Add ethanol to the LB medium to make the ethanol concentration in the LB medium reach 35%, to obtain a screening medium, drip the cellar mud dilution into the screening medium, and culture until the OD value reaches 0.6; absorb the bacterial solution in the screening medium, transfer it to the common LB medium, and culture until the OD value reaches 0.6, to obtain the cellar mud screening bacterial solution;

[0051] Ridges were made in the field with a ridge spacing of 2.2 meters. Holes were dug on the ridges at intervals of 1.5 meters. From the end of February to the beginning of March, pigeon pea seeds were sown in the holes. Organic fertilizer and cellar mud-screened bacterial solution were mixed in a mass ratio of 3:1 and spread in the holes. 1.1 kg of organic fertilizer was spread in each hole. After fertilization, soil was covered and running water was poured on the soil surface until the soil surface was wet.

[0052] After the seedlings emerge, check the seedlings and supplement the seedlings, and cultivate the soil regularly; the regular cultivation specifically includes the first cultivation when the seedling height reaches 15 cm, and the second cultivation when the seedling height reaches 50 cm.

[0053] Pinch the tops of the plants regularly; when the seedlings grow to 50 cm in height, pinch the tops for the first time, i.e. remove the top growth points of the pigeon pea seedlings; when the plants have 5 branches, pinch the tops for the second time, i.e. remove the top growth points of all branches.

[0054] From the initial flowering stage to the initial pod stage, apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer at a rate of 4 kg per mu, and spray the cellar mud-screened bacterial solution on the surface of each hole at a rate of 300 mL per hole.

[0055] Comparative Example 1

[0056] The planting method described in Example 1 is different in that after sowing, the cellar mud for screening the bacterial solution is not mixed into the organic fertilizer, and the cellar mud for screening the bacterial solution is not sprayed on the surface of each hole from the initial flowering stage to the initial pod stage.

[0057] Comparative Example 2

[0058] The planting method described in Example 1 is different in that the ethanol concentration in the screening medium is reduced to 15%.

[0059] In the experimental example, four test fields were divided in the field. The four test fields were planted with 10 pigeon pea plants in each field according to the planting methods of Example 1, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2, respectively, as a repeat. At the beginning of June, water was released into the four test fields at the same time to completely submerge the roots of each plant; and the growth of each plant was observed.

[0060] After the roots of the plants were submerged in water for 5 days, no significant changes occurred in the pigeon pea plants planted in Example 1; about 20% of the leaves of the pigeon pea plants planted in Comparative Example 1 wilted, and 30% of the leaves turned yellow; about 10% of the leaves of the pigeon pea plants planted in Comparative Example 2 wilted, and 15% of the leaves turned yellow;

[0061] Ten days after the roots of the plants were submerged in water, about 5% of the leaves of the pigeon pea plants in the planting method of Example 1 were wilted, and 7% of the leaves were withered and yellowed; about 40% of the leaves of the pigeon pea plants in the planting method of Comparative Example 1 were wilted, and 45% of the leaves were withered and yellowed; about 60% of the leaves of the pigeon pea plants in the planting method of Comparative Example 2 were wilted, and 75% of the leaves were withered and yellowed;

[0062] After the roots of the plants were submerged in water for 20 days, about 15% of the leaves of the pigeon pea plants planted in Example 1 were wilted, and 20% of the leaves were withered and yellow; about 60% of the leaves of the pigeon pea plants planted in Comparative Example 1 were wilted, and 80% of the leaves were withered and yellow; about 100% of the leaves of the pigeon pea plants planted in Comparative Example 2 were wilted, and 100% of the leaves were withered and yellow.

[0063] From the above results, it can be seen that the planting method of Example 1 can effectively alleviate the toxicity of floods to pigeon pea plants, while in Comparative Example 1, the step of adding the cellar mud screening bacterial solution is omitted, and the wilting characteristics of the plant leaves appear obviously before Example 1; and in Comparative Example 2, since the ethanol concentration of the cellar mud screening culture medium is reduced to 15%, the yeast in the cellar mud only stops breeding, but is not completely killed, resulting in the continued breeding of the yeast when subsequently cultured with ordinary LB culture medium, resulting in the anaerobic fermentation of the excessive yeast at the roots of the pigeon pea to produce additional ethanol when the flood disaster is subsequently simulated, accelerating the toxicity of the roots of the pigeon pea plants. This proves that in the preparation of the cellar mud screening bacterial solution, the ethanol concentration of the cellar mud screening culture medium is very important, which is necessary to ensure the survival of the strains that can produce acetaldehyde dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase, and to completely kill the yeast therein.

[0064] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent transformations made using the contents of the present invention specification, or directly or indirectly applied in related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for planting pigeon peas to resist waterlogging, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: To prepare the anti-waterlogging bacterial liquid, the cellar mud and distilled water are mixed evenly in a mass ratio of 1:10-15 to obtain a cellar mud dilution liquid; Add ethanol to the LB medium to make the ethanol concentration in the LB medium reach 35%, to obtain a screening medium, drip the cellar mud dilution into the screening medium, and culture until the OD value reaches 0.6; absorb the bacterial solution in the screening medium, transfer it to the common LB medium, and culture until the OD value reaches 0.6, to obtain the cellar mud screening bacterial solution; Ridges are made in the field with a ridge spacing of 2.0-2.2 meters. Holes are dug on the ridges at intervals of 1.3-1.5 meters. Pigeon pea seeds are sown in the holes. Organic fertilizer and cellar mud-screened bacterial liquid are mixed in a mass ratio of 2-3:1 and spread in the holes. 0.9-1.1 kg of organic fertilizer is spread in each hole. After fertilization, soil is covered and running water is poured on the soil surface until the soil surface is wet; After the seedlings emerge, check and supplement the seedlings, and cultivate the soil regularly; Topping regularly; From the initial flowering stage to the initial pod stage, apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, and spray the cellar mud and selected bacterial solution on the surface of each hole; Harvest pigeon peas when the pods are swollen, 6-9cm long, and the pod skin has green and purple spots and is shiny; harvest hard pods 23-27 days after flowering when the pod color turns brown, the pod shell becomes brittle, and cracks when pinched.

2. The method for planting pigeon pea to resist flooding according to claim 1, characterized in that: The time to sow pigeon pea seeds in holes is from the end of February to the beginning of March.

3. The method for planting pigeon pea to resist flooding according to claim 1, characterized in that: The time for harvesting pigeon pea is from October to November.

4. The method for planting pigeon pea to resist flooding according to claim 1, characterized in that: The periodic tillage specifically includes the first tillage when the seedling height reaches 10-15 cm, and the second tillage when the seedling height reaches 40-50 cm.

5. The method for planting pigeon pea to resist flooding according to claim 1, characterized in that: The regular pinching specifically includes: when the seedlings grow to 30-50cm in height, the first pinching is performed, i.e., the top growth points of the pigeon pea seedlings are removed; when the plants grow 4-5 branches, the second pinching is performed, i.e., the top growth points of all branches are removed.

6. The method for planting pigeon pea to resist flooding according to claim 1, characterized in that: The amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer applied is 3-4 kg per mu.