A device for accurately removing mass from a laser deweighting and balancing machine and an error compensation method

Abstract

A device for accurately removing mass of a laser deweighting balancing machine and an error compensation method thereof include a frame, a marble support mechanism, a laser deweighting mechanism, a precision positioning mechanism, a rotor support mechanism and a signal acquisition mechanism. The marble support mechanism is mounted on the top of the frame, a precision positioning mechanism is fixed on the marble support mechanism, the precision positioning mechanism is connected to the laser deweighting mechanism via a connecting plate, and the laser deweighting mechanism moves horizontally and vertically along with the precision positioning mechanism; the frame is connected to the rotor support mechanism, and the rotor support mechanism is connected to the signal acquisition mechanism. The present invention can accurately remove the imbalance of the rotor without the need for repeated detection and deweighting, thereby improving the balancing accuracy and efficiency of the rotor.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of laser de-weighting and balancing machines, and in particular to a device for accurately removing mass of a laser de-weighting and balancing machine and an error compensation method. Background Art

[0002] As mechanical rotors gradually develop towards high speed, high precision, and high reliability, excessive vibration caused by rotor imbalance will seriously affect the working performance and service life of the machinery. Therefore, dynamic balancing is an important process link before the assembly of many precision rotors. The existing dynamic balancing process mostly uses a balancing device to mark the imbalance position and then manually removes the weight. It is impossible to accurately estimate the actual mass removed and often requires multiple inspections and weight removals. The balancing accuracy is largely affected by the worker's proficiency, the labor intensity is high, and the efficiency is low.

[0003] There are also some dynamic balancing machines on the market that combine detection and deweighting. Although they can accurately deweight workpieces, most of these devices use traditional deweighting methods such as drilling, milling and grinding. These methods are all contact processing. The deweighting process can easily cause the workpiece to deform, and the contact stress at the edge will affect the working performance of the rotor. Laser deweighting is a non-contact processing method, which has the advantages of easy automation, easy precise control, and no deformation during the processing process, which helps to improve the balancing accuracy and efficiency of mechanical rotors.

[0004] After searching, a Chinese patent (publication number CN 112129458 A) discloses a test device and method for achieving accurate weight removal of a laser de-weighting balancing machine. To address the unstable laser removal quality and errors caused by defocus during laser de-weighting, the average value of multiple experiments is used to accurately calculate the laser removal quality, and then a template is compiled to improve the accuracy and stability of the laser removal quality. However, when the laser is removed to dynamically balance the rotor, there is a taper in the circular hole, making it impossible to accurately control the removal quality. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a device for accurately removing mass of a laser deweighting balancing machine and an error compensation method, which can accurately remove the imbalance of the rotor without repeated deweighting detection, thereby improving the balancing accuracy and efficiency of the rotor.

[0006] The above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A device for accurately removing mass from a laser deweighting and balancing machine includes a frame 6, a marble support mechanism, a laser deweighting mechanism 3, a precision positioning mechanism 2, a rotor support mechanism 4 and a signal acquisition mechanism 5. The marble support mechanism is installed on the top of the frame 6, and the precision positioning mechanism 2 is fixed on the marble support mechanism. The precision positioning mechanism 2 is connected to the laser deweighting mechanism 3 through a connecting plate, and the laser deweighting mechanism 3 moves horizontally and vertically with the precision positioning mechanism 2; the rotor support mechanism 4 is connected to the frame 6, and the signal acquisition mechanism 5 is connected to the rotor support mechanism 4.

[0008] The marble support mechanism includes a marble base 10 and a marble column 8 connected thereto. The precision positioning mechanism 2 is fixedly mounted on the marble column 8. The precision positioning mechanism 2 includes a horizontal linear motor module 9 and a vertical screw motor module 7. The horizontal linear motor module 9 realizes the horizontal positioning of the laser deweighting mechanism 3, and the vertical screw motor module 7 adjusts the focusing plane of the laser deweighting mechanism 3 by lifting and lowering.

[0009] The laser deweighting mechanism 3 includes a laser 17, which is fixed at the bottom of the frame 6. The laser is transmitted upward from the laser 17 through the optical fiber to the laser isolator output head 11, and changes direction through the reflector group and passes through the coaxial camera module 12, the galvanometer 13 and the field lens 15 in sequence, and finally reaches the position of the workpiece 20 to be removed; the galvanometer 13 controls the laser to cut a circular blind hole in layers at the unbalanced position of the workpiece 20 to achieve deweighting and balancing of the workpiece 20. The coaxial camera module 12 observes the surface quality of the workpiece after laser deweighting, the ion air gun 14 blows away the residue after material ablation, and the dust collection device 16 is fixed on the marble base 10 to collect the residue after material ablation.

[0010] The rotor support mechanism 4 includes an electric spindle 25 , which is fixedly connected to the frame 6 . A sensor support 23 is connected to the electric spindle 25 . The electric spindle 25 drives the workpiece 20 to rotate through the tool holder 21 and the spindle 18 .

[0011] The protruding end of the electric spindle 25 is a tool handle interface, which is connected to the tool handle 21. The tool handle 21 can clamp different spindles 18 to drive and rotate different workpieces 20. The clamping nut 19 connected to the spindle 18 can clamp the workpiece 20 to prevent it from moving during rotation.

[0012] The signal acquisition mechanism 5 includes a vibration sensor 24 and a speed sensor 22. The speed sensor 22 is attached to a sensor support 23. Vibration generated by the workpiece 20's imbalance is transmitted to the outer ring of the support bearing via the spindle 18, toolholder 21, and motorized spindle 25. The vibration sensor 24 is attached to the outer ring of the motorized spindle 25's support bearing. The signals collected by the vibration sensor 24 and speed sensor 22 are processed by a computer to determine the rotor's imbalance.

[0013] A method for compensating for an error of a device for accurately removing mass using a laser de-weighting balancing machine comprises the following steps:

[0014] Step 1: Divide the radius range: According to the range of the rotor's unbalanced mass, fix a deweighting depth l, and divide the radius of the blind hole to be removed into different sections according to the density volume calculation formula, d1-d0, d2-d1, ...d n -d n-1 , the range of each segment is equal, that is, s = d1-d0 = d2-d1 = ... = d n -d n-1 ;

[0015] Step 2: Laser deduplication: Select the radius values ​​d0 and d1 of the first section, the deduplication depth is l, and the theoretical removal mass is calculated based on the material density to be m0 and m1 respectively. Use the laser deduplication mechanism 3 to remove the material. After the deduplication is completed, the actual removal mass is measured to be m'0 and m1' respectively. Finally, according to the formula The relative removal mass error is calculated as η0, η1. If both relative errors meet the requirements, that is, η0, η1 are both less than the required minimum relative error η p , proceed to step 4; otherwise, proceed to step 3;

[0016] Step 3: Error compensation:

[0017] (1) Compensate the radius of the blind hole to be removed according to the relative error in step 2, and use the error compensation formula Calculate the blind hole radius d′0, d′1 required to remove the theoretical mass of material after compensation;

[0018] (2) Laser removal of the material is performed according to the calculated radius d′0, d′1. After measuring the actual removal mass, the relative error with the theoretical removal mass is calculated. If the relative error does not meet the requirements, d′0, d′1 are used as the radius before compensation and the compensated radius d″0, d″1 is recalculated according to the error compensation formula. The material is removed again and the relative error is recalculated. If it still does not meet the requirements, the operation is repeated until the relative error is less than η p , and the actual removal radius after compensation is

[0019] Step 4: Select the midpoint of the radius segment The theoretical removal mass m is calculated as the radius f , and calculate the actual removal radius corresponding to the midpoint of this section based on the actual removal radius d′0, d′1 after meeting the requirements After removing the mass, the relative error η is obtained f , if η f Less than ηp , then the requirement is met, then the removal radius in this section is calculated according to the formula Calculate the actual removal radius and make error compensation for the next radius segment. Otherwise, take the midpoint d f As the endpoint, the segment is divided into two, and the radius segment after redivision is d f -d0,d1-d f ,d2-d1…d n -d n-1 , repeat the above operation for the radius segment and perform radius compensation again.

[0020] When the rotor is dynamically balanced, the signal acquisition mechanism 5 collects vibration and speed signals during the dynamic balancing test, and calculates the rotor imbalance and phase. The actual removal radius is calculated according to the error compensation method. The galvanometer 13 is moved to the unbalanced position through the precision positioning mechanism 2. After laser de-weighting, the rotor can achieve the required balancing accuracy.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0022] 1. The laser de-weighting balancing machine of the present invention is driven by an electric spindle. While increasing the mechanical rotor balancing speed, it can also achieve a precise stop function. It integrates detection and de-weighting, eliminating the need for manual de-weighting, reducing operating intensity, and eliminating errors caused by human factors.

[0023] 2. The device for precise mass removal and the error compensation method provided by the present invention can improve the inability to accurately and quantitatively remove the imbalance caused by problems such as blind hole taper during laser mass removal, thereby improving the accuracy and stability of laser de-weighting and facilitating the improvement of the balancing accuracy level. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is the overall structural diagram of the device of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 It is a front view of the device of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 3 It is a structural diagram of the rotor support structure of the device of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 4 4 is a flow chart of the error compensation method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the figures and through examples.

[0029] Reference Figure 1A device for accurately removing mass from a laser deweighting and balancing machine includes a frame 6, a marble supporting mechanism, a laser deweighting mechanism 3, a precision positioning mechanism 2, a rotor supporting mechanism 4 and a signal acquisition mechanism 5. The marble supporting mechanism is installed on the top of the frame 6, and the precision positioning mechanism 2 is fixed on the marble supporting mechanism 1. The precision positioning mechanism 2 is connected to the laser deweighting mechanism 3 through a connecting plate. The laser deweighting mechanism 3 moves horizontally and vertically with the precision positioning mechanism 2; the rotor supporting mechanism 4 is connected to the frame 6, and the signal acquisition mechanism 5 is connected to the rotor supporting mechanism 4.

[0030] Reference Figure 1 The marble support mechanism includes a marble base 10 and a marble column 8 connected thereto. The precision positioning mechanism 2 is fixedly mounted on the marble column 8. The precision positioning mechanism 2 includes a horizontal linear motor module 9 and a vertical screw motor module 7. The horizontal linear motor module 9 realizes the horizontal positioning of the laser deweighting mechanism 3, and the vertical screw motor module 7 adjusts the focusing plane of the laser deweighting mechanism 3 by lifting and lowering.

[0031] Reference Figure 2 The laser de-weighting mechanism 3 includes a laser isolator output head 11, a laser 17, a coaxial camera module 12, a galvanometer 13, a field lens 15, a dust collector 16 and an ion air gun 14; the laser 17 is fixed at the bottom of the frame 6, and the laser is transmitted upward from the laser 17 through the optical fiber to the laser isolator output head 11, and changes direction through the reflector group and passes through the coaxial camera module 12, the galvanometer 13 and the field lens 15 in turn, and finally reaches the position of the workpiece 20 to be removed; the galvanometer 13 controls the laser to cut a circular blind hole in layers at the unbalanced position of the workpiece 20 to achieve de-weighting and balancing of the workpiece 20, the coaxial camera module 12 observes the surface quality of the workpiece after laser de-weighting, and the ion air gun 14 blows away the residue after material ablation to avoid affecting subsequent laser de-weighting; the dust collector 16 is fixed on the marble base 10 to collect the residue after material ablation.

[0032] Reference Figure 3 The rotor support mechanism 4 includes an electric spindle 25, a tool handle 21, a spindle 18 and a clamping nut 19. The electric spindle 25 is fixedly connected to the frame 6. The sensor support 23 is connected to the electric spindle 25. The electric spindle 25 drives the workpiece 20 to rotate through the tool handle 21 and the spindle 18. The protruding end of the electric spindle 25 is a tool handle interface, which can be connected to the tool handle 21. The tool handle 21 can clamp different spindles 18 to achieve driven rotation of different workpieces 20. The clamping nut 19 connected to the spindle 18 can press the workpiece 20 to prevent it from moving during rotation.

[0033] Reference Figure 3The signal acquisition mechanism 5 includes a vibration sensor 24 and a speed sensor 22. The speed sensor 22 is threadedly fixed to a sensor support 23. Vibration generated by the workpiece 20's imbalance is transmitted through the spindle 18, toolholder 21, and motorized spindle 25 to the outer ring of the support bearing. The motorized spindle 25 has a circular hole in its housing through which the vibration sensor 24 passes and is fixed to the outer ring of the support bearing. The signals collected by the vibration sensor 24 and speed sensor 22 are processed by a computer to calculate the rotor's imbalance.

[0034] Reference Figure 4 A method for compensating for an error of a device for accurately removing mass using a laser de-weighting balancing machine comprises the following steps:

[0035] Step 1: Divide the radius range: According to the approximate range of the rotor's unbalanced mass, fix a reasonable deweighting depth l, and divide the radius of the blind hole to be removed into different sections according to the density volume calculation formula, d1-d0, d2-d1, ...d n -d n-1 , the range of each segment is equal, that is, s = d1-d0 = d2-d1 = - = d n -d n-1 ;

[0036] Step 2: Laser deduplication: According to the radius segments divided in step 1, select the radius values ​​d0 and d1 of the first segment, the deduplication depth is l, and the theoretical removal mass is calculated based on the material density, respectively m0 and m1. The laser deduplication mechanism 3 is used to remove the material. After the deduplication is completed, the actual removal mass is measured, respectively m'0 and m1'. Finally, according to the formula The relative removal mass error is calculated as η0, η1. If both relative errors meet the requirements, that is, η0, η1 are both less than the required minimum relative error η p , proceed to step 4; otherwise, proceed to step 3;

[0037] Step 3: Error compensation:

[0038] (1) Compensate the radius of the blind hole to be removed according to the relative error in step 2. Generally speaking, the actual mass removed is less than the theoretical mass, so according to the error compensation formula Calculate the blind hole radius d′0, d′1 required to remove the theoretical mass of material after compensation;

[0039] (2) Laser removal of the material is performed according to the calculated radius d′0, d′1. After measuring the actual removal mass, the relative error with the theoretical removal mass is calculated. If the relative error does not meet the requirements, d′0, d′1 are used as the radius before compensation and the compensated radius d″0, d″1 is recalculated according to the error compensation formula. The material is removed again and the relative error is recalculated. If it still does not meet the requirements, the operation is repeated until the relative error is less than η p , and the actual removal radius after compensation is

[0040] Step 4: Select the midpoint of the radius segment The theoretical removal mass m is calculated as the radius f , and calculate the actual removal radius corresponding to the midpoint of this section based on the actual removal radius d′0, d′1 after meeting the requirements After removing the mass, the relative error η is obtained f , if η f Less than η p , then the requirements are met, and the removal radius in this section can be calculated according to the formula Calculate the actual removal radius and make error compensation for the next radius segment. Otherwise, take the midpoint d f As the endpoint, the segment is divided into two, and the radius segment after redivision is d f -d0,d1-d f ,d2-d1…d n -d n-1 , repeat the above operation for the radius segment and perform radius compensation again.

[0041] When the rotor is dynamically balanced, the signal acquisition mechanism 5 collects vibration and speed signals during the dynamic balancing test, and calculates the rotor imbalance and phase. The actual removal radius is calculated according to the error compensation method. The galvanometer 13 is moved to the unbalanced position through the precision positioning mechanism 2. After laser de-weighting, the rotor can achieve the required balancing accuracy.

Claims

1. A method for compensating for the error of accurately removing mass from a laser de-weighting and balancing machine, characterized by: A device for accurately removing mass from a laser de-weighting balancing machine comprises a frame (6), a marble support mechanism, a laser de-weighting mechanism (3), a precision positioning mechanism (2), a rotor support mechanism (4) and a signal acquisition mechanism (5); the marble support mechanism is mounted on the top of the frame (6); the precision positioning mechanism (2) is fixed on the marble support mechanism; the precision positioning mechanism (2) is connected to the laser de-weighting mechanism (3) via a connecting plate; the laser de-weighting mechanism (3) moves horizontally and vertically along with the precision positioning mechanism (2); the frame (6) is connected to the rotor support mechanism (4); and the rotor support mechanism (4) is connected to the signal acquisition mechanism (5); The rotor support mechanism (4) includes an electric spindle (25), the electric spindle (25) is fixedly connected to the frame (6), a sensor support (23) is connected to the electric spindle (25), and the electric spindle (25) drives the workpiece (20) to rotate through the tool handle (21) and the spindle (18); The protruding end of the electric spindle (25) is a tool handle interface connected to the tool handle (21). The tool handle (21) can clamp different spindles (18) to realize the driving rotation of different workpieces (20). The clamping nut (19) connected to the spindle (18) can clamp the workpiece (20) to prevent it from moving during the rotation process. The signal acquisition mechanism (5) includes a vibration sensor (24) and a rotation speed sensor (22), wherein the rotation speed sensor (22) is connected and fixed to a sensor support member (23), and the vibration generated by the workpiece (20) due to the imbalance is transmitted to the outer ring of the support bearing via the main shaft (18), the tool handle (21), and the electric main shaft (25); the vibration sensor (24) is fixed to the outer ring of the support bearing of the electric main shaft (25), and the signals acquired by the vibration sensor (24) and the rotation speed sensor (22) are processed by a computer to calculate the imbalance of the rotor; The method comprises the following steps: Step 1: Divide the radius range: According to the range of the rotor's unbalanced mass, fix a deweighting depth l, and divide the radius of the blind hole to be removed into different sections according to the density volume calculation formula, d1-d0, d2-d1, ...d n -d n-1 , the range of each segment is equal, that is, s = d1-d0 = d2-d1 = ... = d n -d n-1 ; Step 2: Laser deduplication: Select the radius values ​​d0 and d1 of the first section, the deduplication depth is l, and the theoretical removal mass is calculated based on the material density, respectively m0 and m1. The laser deduplication mechanism (3) is used to remove the material. After the deduplication is completed, the actual removal mass is measured, respectively m'0 and m'1. Finally, according to the formula The relative removal mass error is calculated as η0, η1. If both relative errors meet the requirements, that is, η0, η1 are both less than the required minimum relative error η p , proceed to step 4; otherwise, proceed to step 3; Step 3: Error compensation: (1) Compensate the radius of the blind hole to be removed according to the relative error in step 2, and use the error compensation formula Calculate the blind hole radius d'0, d'1 required to remove the theoretical mass of material after compensation; (2) Perform laser removal on the material according to the calculated radius d'0, d'1. After measuring the actual removal mass, calculate the relative error with the theoretical removal mass. If the relative error does not meet the requirements, use d'0, d'1 as the radius before compensation and recalculate the compensated radius d'0, d1" according to the error compensation formula. Perform the removal mass again and recalculate the relative error. If it still does not meet the requirements, repeat the operation until the relative error is less than η p , and the actual removal radius after compensation is Step 4: Select the midpoint of the radius segment The theoretical removal mass m is calculated as the radius f , and calculate the actual removal radius corresponding to the midpoint of this section based on the actual removal radius d'0,d'1 after meeting the requirements After removing the mass, the relative error η is obtained f , if η f Less than η p , then the requirement is met, then the removal radius in this section is calculated according to the formula Calculate the actual removal radius and make error compensation for the next radius segment. Otherwise, take the midpoint d f As the endpoint, the segment is divided into two, and the radius segment after redivision is d f -d0,d1-d f ,d2-d1…d n -d n-1 , repeat the above operation for the radius section and perform radius compensation again; When the rotor is dynamically balanced, the signal acquisition mechanism (5) collects vibration and speed signals during dynamic balancing detection, and calculates the rotor imbalance and phase, calculates the actual removal radius according to the error compensation method, moves the galvanometer (13) to the imbalance position through the precision positioning mechanism (2), and performs laser de-weighting to make the rotor reach the required balancing accuracy.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The marble support mechanism comprises a marble base (10) and a marble column (8) connected thereto, a precision positioning mechanism (2) fixedly mounted on the marble column (8), and the precision positioning mechanism (2) comprises a horizontal linear motor module (9) and a vertical screw motor module (7), the horizontal linear motor module (9) realizing the horizontal positioning of the laser deweighting mechanism (3), and the vertical screw motor module (7) adjusting the focusing plane of the laser deweighting mechanism (3) by lifting and lowering.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The laser de-weighting mechanism (3) comprises a laser (17), which is fixed on a frame (6). The laser is transmitted from the laser (17) to the laser isolator output head (11) via an optical fiber, and changes direction through a reflector group and sequentially passes through a coaxial camera module (12), a galvanometer (13) and a field lens (15), and finally reaches the position of the workpiece (20) to be removed; the galvanometer (13) controls the laser to cut a circular blind hole in layers at an unbalanced position of the workpiece (20), thereby achieving de-weighting and balancing of the workpiece (20); the coaxial camera module (12) observes the surface quality of the workpiece after laser de-weighting; the ion air gun (14) blows away the residue after material ablation; and the dust collecting device (16) is fixed on a marble base (10) to collect the residue after material ablation.

Images