A method for manufacturing an antenna, an apparatus for manufacturing an antenna, and an antenna.

Abstract

This invention provides an antenna manufacturing method, apparatus, and antenna. The top structure of the monopole radiating body is cut using a first and second fractal method; a fractal ring structure for increasing the current flow distance within the internal structure is cut using a third fractal method; coupling branches are added to the monopole radiating body; a coupling feed unit is added to the monopole radiating body; and the antenna is manufactured using the monopole radiating body, thus reducing the size of the propeller antenna while ensuring communication quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of antenna manufacturing technology, and in particular to an antenna manufacturing method, an antenna manufacturing apparatus, and an antenna. Background Technology

[0002] A paddle antenna is a type of routing antenna, named for its resemblance to a paddle.

[0003] With the rapid development of mobile communication systems, propeller antennas are developing in a comprehensive manner towards miniaturization, multi-band, light weight, low profile, low cost, and easy integration. Therefore, how to reduce the size of propeller antennas while ensuring communication quality has become a problem that needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides an antenna manufacturing method, apparatus, electronic device, and computer-readable storage medium to solve the problem of how to reduce the size of a propeller antenna while ensuring communication quality.

[0005] This invention discloses a method for manufacturing an antenna, wherein the antenna includes a monopole radiating body and may include:

[0006] The top structure of the monopole radiating body is trimmed using a first fractal method and a second fractal method;

[0007] The internal structure of the monopole radiating body is cut out using a third fractal method to create a fractal ring structure to increase the current flow distance within the internal structure.

[0008] A coupling stub is added to the monopole radiation body;

[0009] A coupling feed unit is added to the monopole radiating body, and the antenna is made using the monopole radiating body.

[0010] Optionally, the step of trimming the top structure of the monopole radiating body using a first fractal method and a second fractal method may include:

[0011] The first target point is determined by the current density on the top structure of the monopole radiating body; the top structure of the monopole radiating body includes inclined structures on both sides of the first target point.

[0012] The first target point is trimmed using a second-order Cauchy fractal structure, and the oblique structure is trimmed using a second-order W-shaped fractal structure.

[0013] Optionally, the step of cutting out a fractal ring structure within the monopole radiating body using a third fractal method to increase the current flow distance within the internal structure may include:

[0014] Generate a regular hexagon according to the preset side length;

[0015] A second-order Minkowski fractal pattern is generated by using the interior angle values ​​of the regular hexagon and a preset fractal scaling factor to increase the current flow distance of the internal structure of the monopole radiating body.

[0016] The internal structure of the monopole radiating body is trimmed using the second-order Minkowski fractal pattern.

[0017] Optionally, the monopole radiating body includes a microstrip line, and the microstrip line includes a gradient structure.

[0018] Optionally, the step of adding a coupling stub in the monopole radiation body may include:

[0019] The second target point is determined in the second-order Minkowski fractal pattern of the monopole radiating body based on the surface current of the ground segment.

[0020] Based on the second target point, a slot is made on the monopole radiating body to add a coupling branch in the monopole radiating body.

[0021] Optionally, the monopole radiating body includes a backplate, and the step of adding a coupling feed unit in the monopole radiating body may include:

[0022] A first coupling power supply unit is added to the back plate.

[0023] Optionally, it may also include:

[0024] A second coupling power supply unit is added to the back plate. The second coupling power supply unit consists of two levels of longitudinal branches and three levels of transverse branches.

[0025] Optionally, it may also include:

[0026] A resonant ring structure is added to the back plate, the resonant ring structure including two opposite sides in the horizontal direction;

[0027] Adjust the distance between the two opposite sides to control the standing wave of the frequency band corresponding to the monopole radiating body within a preset threshold.

[0028] This invention also discloses an antenna fabrication apparatus, wherein the antenna includes a monopole radiating body and may include:

[0029] The first trimming module is used to trim the top structure of the monopole radiating body using a first fractal method and a second fractal method.

[0030] The second trimming module is used to trim a fractal ring structure inside the monopole radiating body using a third fractal method to increase the current flow distance of the internal structure.

[0031] A coupling stub addition module is used to add coupling stubs in the monopole radiating body;

[0032] A coupling feed unit addition module is used to add a coupling feed unit in the monopole radiating body and to fabricate an antenna using the monopole radiating body.

[0033] Optionally, the first cropping module may include:

[0034] The first target point determination submodule is used to determine the first target point by means of the current density on the top structure of the monopole radiating body; the top structure of the monopole radiating body includes inclined structures on both sides of the first target point.

[0035] The first trimming submodule is used to trim the first target point using a second-order Cauchy fractal structure and to trim the oblique structure using a second-order W-shaped fractal structure.

[0036] Optionally, the second cropping module may include:

[0037] The regular hexagon generation submodule is used to generate regular hexagons according to preset side lengths;

[0038] The second-order Minkowski fractal pattern generation submodule is used to generate a second-order Minkowski fractal pattern to increase the current flow distance of the internal structure of the monopole radiating body by using the interior angle values ​​of the regular hexagon and a preset fractal scaling factor.

[0039] The second trimming submodule is used to trim the internal structure of the monopole radiating body using the second-order Minkowski fractal pattern.

[0040] Optionally, the monopole radiating body includes a microstrip line, and the microstrip line includes a gradient structure.

[0041] Optionally, the coupling stub addition module may include:

[0042] The second target point determination submodule is used to determine the second target point in the second-order Minkowski fractal pattern of the monopole radiating body based on the surface current of the ground segment.

[0043] A coupling stub is added to a submodule for slotting the monopole radiating body based on the second target point, so as to add a coupling stub in the monopole radiating body.

[0044] Optionally, the monopole radiating body includes a backplate, and the coupling feed unit additional module may include:

[0045] The first coupling power supply unit is equipped with a sub-module for adding the first coupling power supply unit to the backplane.

[0046] Optionally, it may also include:

[0047] The second coupling power supply unit is equipped with a sub-module for adding a second coupling power supply unit to the back plate. The second coupling power supply unit consists of two levels of longitudinal branches and three levels of transverse branches.

[0048] Optionally, it may also include:

[0049] A sub-module is added to the resonant ring structure for adding a resonant ring structure to the back plate. The resonant ring structure includes two opposite sides located in the horizontal direction.

[0050] The distance adjustment submodule is used to adjust the distance between the two opposite sides in order to control the frequency band standing wave of the coverage band corresponding to the monopole radiating body within a preset threshold.

[0051] This invention also discloses an antenna, including a monopole radiating body, the monopole radiating body including a top structure and an internal structure;

[0052] The top structure is cut using a first fractal method and a second fractal method;

[0053] The internal structure is cut out using a third fractal method to create a fractal ring structure that increases the current flow distance within the internal structure.

[0054] The monopole radiating body is provided with a coupling branch;

[0055] A coupling feed unit is added to the monopole radiating body.

[0056] Optionally, the top structure includes inclined structures located on both sides of the first target point, the first target point being determined by the current density of the top structure of the monopole radiating body;

[0057] The first target point is clipped using a second-order Cauchy fractal structure;

[0058] The oblique structure is cut using a second-order W-shaped fractal structure.

[0059] Optionally, the internal structure is cropped using a second-order Minkowski fractal pattern;

[0060] The second-order Minkowski fractal pattern is generated by the interior angle values ​​of a regular hexagon with a preset side length and a preset fractal ratio coefficient.

[0061] Optionally, the monopole radiating body includes a microstrip line, and the microstrip line includes a gradient structure.

[0062] Optionally, the coupling stubs are generated by slotting on the monopole radiating body based on the second target point;

[0063] The second target point is determined based on the surface current of the ground segment in the second-order Minkowski fractal pattern of the monopole radiating body.

[0064] Optionally, the monopole radiating body includes a backplate;

[0065] The backplate is provided with a first coupling power supply unit.

[0066] Optionally, the backplate is provided with a second coupling power supply unit, which consists of two levels of longitudinal branches and three levels of transverse branches.

[0067] Optionally, the back plate is provided with a resonant ring structure, the resonant ring structure including two opposite sides located in the horizontal direction;

[0068] The distance between the two opposite sides is used to control the frequency band standing wave of the coverage band corresponding to the monopole radiating body within a preset threshold.

[0069] The embodiments of the present invention have the following advantages:

[0070] In this embodiment of the invention, the top structure of the monopole radiating body is trimmed using a first fractal method and a second fractal method; a fractal ring structure for increasing the current flow distance within the internal structure is trimmed using a third fractal method; coupling branches are added to the monopole radiating body; a coupling feed unit is added to the monopole radiating body; and the antenna is fabricated using the monopole radiating body, thereby reducing the size of the propeller antenna while ensuring communication quality. Attached Figure Description

[0071] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the steps of an antenna manufacturing method provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0072] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0073] Figure 3 This is a front structural schematic diagram of a monopole radiating body provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0074] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the back structure of a monopole radiating body provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0075] Figure 5 This is a structural block diagram of an antenna manufacturing apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0076] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0077] Existing paddle antennas typically use a common-mode antenna housing with a thickness of approximately 6mm and a usable internal width of about 14mm. Therefore, they are mainly implemented through printed circuit boards. The vertically polarized omnidirectional antennas used mainly employ planar sleeve, planar dipole, and planar bicone forms to achieve broadband coverage. Due to the limited internal width and thickness, it is difficult to make the internal printed circuit board of traditional paddle antennas small enough to cover the entire frequency band, especially the low frequency starting from 700MHz, and if effective radiation is required. The length of the printed circuit board of ordinary paddle antennas is generally between 150mm and 200mm.

[0078] Due to size limitations, the implementation methods of related technologies mainly focus on optimizing the design of 5G public network frequencies. However, changes in the external environment often lead to frequency drift and reduced efficiency, making it difficult for antennas to achieve ideal performance within the 0.7GHz-5GHz range. Currently, due to the construction of dedicated 5G networks, there is an urgent need for high-performance antennas across all frequency bands. As one of the key invention points of this embodiment, by changing the bending, folding, and slotting of the antenna radiator structure, incorporating various fractal transformations, and adding coupling branches and parasitic units, the electromagnetic coupling between the antenna patch and branches can achieve multi-band functionality. This allows the antenna frequency to cover at least 700MHz, enabling coverage of all public 5G network frequency bands, including 5G network frequency bands with a wider radiation range, such as the n28 band specified by relevant companies. Furthermore, the antenna efficiency is not less than 40%, and the typical VSWR is 2. While enhancing the antenna's environmental adaptability and signal coverage, the antenna length has been reduced to one-third of the existing antenna size. This solves the problem of poor standing wave ratio and difficulty in meeting the high-performance requirements of the entire frequency band when shortening the antenna size, while also reducing the size of the existing 5G propeller antenna.

[0079] Reference Figure 1 The diagram illustrates a flowchart of an antenna manufacturing method provided in an embodiment of the present invention, which may specifically include the following steps:

[0080] Step 101: The top structure of the monopole radiating body is trimmed using a first fractal method and a second fractal method;

[0081] Step 102: A fractal ring structure is cut out from the internal structure of the monopole radiating body using a third fractal method to increase the current flow distance of the internal structure.

[0082] Step 103: Add a coupling stub to the monopole radiation body;

[0083] Step 104: Add a coupling feed unit to the monopole radiating body, and use the monopole radiating body to make an antenna.

[0084] In the specific implementation, refer to Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the front structure of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The embodiment of the present invention may include a housing 201 and a monopole radiating body 202. (Reference) Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a front structural schematic diagram of a monopole radiating body provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The monopole radiating body 202 may have a corresponding coaxial cable 2021, a planar deformable sleeve 2022, and a microstrip line 2023. The coaxial cable 2021 includes a core wire. The coaxial cable 2021 can be welded to the bottom of the planar deformable sleeve 2022, and the core wire can be welded to the bottom of the 50Ω microstrip line 2023. When the antenna is working, the input current enters the monopole radiating body 202 through the coaxial cable for radiation.

[0085] According to the embodiment of the present invention, a monopole radiating element covering the frequency band of 3.4-5GHz can be designed according to the target size of the antenna design, and the initial monopole radiating element can be generated through the monopole antenna working mode.

[0086] For example, in practical applications, since the monopole microstrip antenna operates in 1 / 4 wavelength mode, its input impedance exhibits high capacitive reactance and low resistivity. If the basic antenna model is positioned to operate in the 1.7-5GHz frequency band, the length of existing 5G paddle antennas in related technologies is approximately 45mm. The design goal is to achieve half the length of existing conventional 5G paddle antennas. Therefore, the initial radiating element of the antenna is determined to cover the 3.4GHz-5GHz frequency band, and this band is used as the initial coverage band. The length of the radiating element is calculated using the formula H = λ / 4, where λ = c / f, λ is the wavelength of the corresponding frequency, c is the speed of light, and f is the center frequency. Substituting the corresponding frequency, the final monopole radiating element length H = 22mm is obtained. The initial dimensions of the antenna are confirmed through simulation verification using the three-dimensional electromagnetic simulation software HFSS (High Frequency Simulator Structure).

[0087] In practical applications, fractal structure is both a mathematical term and a set of mathematical theories that focus on fractal characteristics. Fractal theory is both a frontier and an important branch of nonlinear science, and an emerging interdisciplinary field. It is a new mathematical branch that studies the characteristics of a class of phenomena. Compared to its geometric form, its connection with differential equations and dynamical systems theory is more significant. The self-similarity of fractals can be statistical self-similarity, and the formation of fractals is not limited to geometric forms; time processes can also be involved, thus it is closely related to martingale theory.

[0088] In this embodiment of the invention, the top structure of the monopole radiating body can be trimmed using a first fractal method and a second fractal method to shift the frequency band corresponding to the monopole radiating body downward, that is, to make the frequency band covered by the monopole radiating body trimmed using the first fractal method and the second fractal method larger than the initial coverage frequency band.

[0089] In this embodiment of the invention, a fractal ring structure can also be cut out in the internal structure of the monopole radiating body through a third fractal method to increase the current flow distance in the internal structure, thereby shifting the frequency band corresponding to the monopole radiating body down again to further expand the frequency band covered by the monopole radiating body.

[0090] In this embodiment of the invention, coupling stubs can be added to the monopole radiating body to increase a new resonant frequency without increasing the antenna size.

[0091] In this embodiment of the invention, a coupling feed unit can also be added to the monopole radiating body to improve the impedance bandwidth.

[0092] In this embodiment of the invention, the monopole radiating body can be trimmed using three fractal methods, and coupling stubs and coupling feed units can be added to the monopole radiating body. Then, the antenna can be fabricated using the monopole radiating body.

[0093] In this embodiment of the invention, the top structure of the monopole radiating body is trimmed using a first fractal method and a second fractal method; a fractal ring structure for increasing the current flow distance within the internal structure is trimmed using a third fractal method; coupling branches are added to the monopole radiating body; a coupling feed unit is added to the monopole radiating body; and the antenna is fabricated using the monopole radiating body, thereby reducing the size of the propeller antenna while ensuring communication quality.

[0094] Based on the above embodiments, modified embodiments of the above embodiments are proposed. It should be noted that, in order to keep the description brief, only the differences from the above embodiments are described in the modified embodiments.

[0095] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the step of trimming the top structure of the monopole radiating body using a first fractal method and a second fractal method includes:

[0096] The first target point is determined by the current density on the top structure of the monopole radiating body; the top structure of the monopole radiating body includes inclined structures on both sides of the first target point.

[0097] The first target point is trimmed using a second-order Cauchy fractal structure, and the oblique structure is trimmed using a second-order W-shaped fractal structure.

[0098] For example, refer to Figure 3 Through electromagnetic simulation, the surface current density in the 3.4GHz band is mainly concentrated at the first target point 2024 of the top structure of the monopole radiating body. If the frequency band is to be shifted down, the electric length of the monopole radiating body needs to be increased. Therefore, a second-order Cauchy fractal branch can be cut at the first target point 2024, and a second-order W-shaped fractal branch can be cut at the inclined structure 2025 on both sides of the first target point 2024.

[0099] Koch fractals can be composed of Koch curves, a typical type of fractal curve. Constructed by Koch, H. von in 1904, it is a curve that is continuous everywhere but not differentiable everywhere (i.e., the derivative does not exist anywhere, and the curve is angular everywhere). Specifically, Koch curves can be generated using the following formula.

[0100] Formula 1:

[0101] The original Koch curve can be represented by four affine transformations:

[0102]

[0103]

[0104] Where θ is the rotation angle, θ1; θ2 = π / 3, θ3 = -π / 3, θ4 = 0, the similarity ratio a = 1 / 3, and after several iterations, the curve length is L = (4 / 3). n L0, where L0 is the original length of the line segment. The first-order Koch fractal curve is obtained by plotting an equilateral triangle with a side length of 1.57 mm (1 / 3 of the original side length) and two 1 / 3 line segments on each side. Similarly, the second-order Koch fractal is formed by an equilateral triangle with a side length of 1 / 3 of all the first-order Koch line segments and two 1 / 3 line segments on each side. After two iterations, the total line segment length increases to 4 times the original length. 2 / 3.

[0105] The second-order W-shaped fractal branch of the 2025 hypotenuse structure is formed by trimming two identical semi-ellipses from the 2025 hypotenuse structure to create a first-order W-shaped branch. Then, the remaining hypotenuse structure 2025 is trimmed with a semi-ellipses scaled down by half to create a second-order W-shaped fractal branch. At the 3.4GHz frequency point, the surface current fills the gap outside the trimmed edge structure, maximizing the current path. The combined effect of these two fractals lowers the resonant frequency from 3.4GHz to 3.0GHz, approximately a 4 / 3 ratio, achieving a frequency band coverage of 3.0GHz-4.9GHz.

[0106] In this embodiment of the invention, a first target point is determined by the current density of the top structure of the monopole radiating body. The top structure of the monopole radiating body includes inclined structures on both sides of the first target point. The first target point is trimmed by a second-order Cauchy fractal structure, and the inclined structures are trimmed by a second-order W-shaped fractal structure, thereby increasing the electric length of the monopole radiating body, effectively shifting the frequency band of the monopole radiating body downward, and increasing the coverage frequency band of the monopole radiating body.

[0107] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the step of cutting out a fractal ring structure in the internal structure of the monopole radiating body using a third fractal method to increase the current flow distance of the internal structure includes:

[0108] Generate a regular hexagon according to the preset side length;

[0109] A second-order Minkowski fractal pattern is generated by using the interior angle values ​​of the regular hexagon and a preset fractal scaling factor to increase the current flow distance of the internal structure of the monopole radiating body.

[0110] The internal structure of the monopole radiating body is trimmed using the second-order Minkowski fractal pattern.

[0111] In practical applications, the basic Minkowski fractal is a primary element composed of two points Z0 and Z1, which is transformed to obtain the generating element. The Minkowski fractal is represented by the two-point generation method, for example, by the following formula.

[0112] Formula 2:

[0113]

[0114]

[0115] Formula 2 defines the relationship between each line segment of the generator and the primary element. The solution to both formulas can be written in the form of argument and modulus, for example:

[0116]

[0117]

[0118]

[0119]

[0120] Z5 1 =re jθ0 +Z0 1 Where θ0=θ1=θ4=0, θ2=arctan(K), θ3=arcsin(K / 2), K is the fractal scaling factor, from which the basic first-order Minkowski fractal curve can be obtained. The first-order Minkowski fractal curve is then replaced with a side length of [Z5]. 1 -Z0 1 The four sides of the square are used to obtain a first-order Minkowski fractal ring structure. By iterating in this way, multi-order Minkowski fractal rings can be obtained.

[0121] In a specific implementation, embodiments of the present invention can be achieved by cutting and deforming a second-order Minkowski-like fractal pattern at the center position 2026 of the internal structure of the monopole radiating body. For example, embodiments of the present invention can be constructed by simulating a cutting fractal scale factor of K = 0.5, with the primordial element being a square with a side length of 8 mm, to form first-order and second-order Minkowski fractal ring structures. The resonant point is reduced from 3.0 GHz to 2.85 GHz. To increase the number of iterative branches and surface current paths, improvements were made to the conventional Minkowski fractal. The first-order Minkowski fractal curve was applied to a regular hexagon with a side length of 4.6 mm. The iteration was made outward, and the interior angle of the regular hexagon was adjusted by 60°, so that θ0=θ1=θ4=60, θ2=Ktan(60), θ3=Ksin(60). Then, through electromagnetic simulation software, Minkowski fractal ring structures with different parameters were cut on the antenna radiating body. The parameters to be compared can include: different fractal scaling factors, K=1 / 2; 1 / 3; 1 / 4; 1 / 5; 1 / 6; and the corresponding first-order and second-order deformations. The optimal solution obtained from the simulation results is a second-order Minkowski-like fractal ring structure with a fractal scaling factor of K = 0.25. The final iterative process uses a 4.6mm equilateral hexagon as a base, extending six regular hexagons with a side length of 1.15mm outwards from its six vertices to form a first-order Minkowski-like fractal. Then, starting from the first-order Minkowski-like fractal, 30 regular hexagons with a side length of 0.29mm are extended outwards from 30 vertices, ultimately yielding the final second-order Minkowski-like fractal.

[0122] The iterative second-order Minkowski fractal structure generates different current flow directions that interact, increasing the antenna's radiation resistance and further reducing the resonant frequency. After forming the ring structure, the internal surface current path increases by a factor of 1.5. Simultaneously, the combined effect of internal and external branches improves antenna impedance matching. Without changing the size of the main radiator, an approximately ring-shaped structure is formed, increasing the internal current flow distance. This reduces the resonant frequency, improves radiation efficiency, and enhances impedance characteristics. The resonant point is reduced from 3.0 GHz to 2.7 GHz, further extending the antenna bandwidth to 2.7 GHz-5 GHz.

[0123] In this embodiment of the invention, a regular hexagon is generated according to a preset side length; a second-order Minkowski fractal pattern is generated using the interior angle values ​​of the regular hexagon and a preset fractal scaling factor to increase the current flow distance of the internal structure of the monopole radiating body; the internal structure of the monopole radiating body is trimmed using the second-order Minkowski fractal pattern, thereby forming an approximately ring-shaped structure without changing the size of the main radiator, increasing the internal current flow distance, reducing the resonant frequency, improving radiation efficiency, and improving impedance characteristics.

[0124] In an optional embodiment of the invention, the monopole radiating body includes a microstrip line, the microstrip line including a gradient structure.

[0125] like Figure 3 As shown, the monopole radiating body 202 may include a microstrip line 2023, and the microstrip line 2023 may include a gradient structure 20231.

[0126] The embodiments of the present invention employ microstrip lines with a gradient structure, which effectively avoids sudden drops in characteristic impedance and ensures that the characteristic impedance gradually decreases, thereby achieving good matching with the 50Ω feed line and ensuring a standing wave ratio of less than 2 in the 2.7-5GHz frequency band.

[0127] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the step of adding a coupling stub in the monopole radiation body includes:

[0128] The second target point is determined in the second-order Minkowski fractal pattern of the monopole radiating body based on the surface current of the ground segment.

[0129] Based on the second target point, a slot is made on the monopole radiating body to add a coupling branch in the monopole radiating body.

[0130] refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 , Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the back structure of a monopole radiating body provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Exemplarily, the form of the sleeve is changed according to the surface current distribution of the grounding section, introducing a coupling stub 2028, which increases the new resonant frequency to 1.9GHz-2.6GHz. Since a resonance in the 1.7GHz band is required, simulation of the antenna surface current reveals that the radiation frequency is closer to 1.9GHz the closer it is to the second target point 2027, the closer it is to point 2029. Therefore, a slot can be made in the monopole radiating body 202 at the position corresponding to the second target point 2027. The initial slot length is 1 / 4 wavelength of 1.7GHz, i.e., L = 44mm, and the width is 0.35mm. Optionally, in this embodiment of the present invention, a slot can also be made in the coupling stub 2028 to change the antenna surface current, thereby reducing the new resonant frequency to 1.7GHz-2.6GHz.

[0131] In practical applications, simply changing the antenna surface current by slotting will only result in a standing wave ratio (SWR) of less than 3 in the 1.7GHz-2.6GHz range. Alternatively, in this embodiment of the invention, simulation software can be used to determine the optimal solution for adjusting the slot width and length. The optimal solution is to widen the slot to 3.5mm at the top and make the length 6.9mm. The simulation results show that the SWR in the 1.7-2.6GHz range is reduced to below 2.5, and the bandwidth is widened to 1.7GHz-5GHz.

[0132] In this embodiment of the invention, a second target point is determined in the second-order Minkowski fractal pattern of the monopole radiating body based on the surface current of the ground segment; based on the second target point, a slot is made on the monopole radiating body to add coupling branches in the monopole radiating body, adjust the resonant frequency width and impedance matching, and further improve the coverage frequency band of the antenna without increasing the antenna volume.

[0133] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the monopole radiating body includes a backplate, and the step of adding a coupling feed unit in the monopole radiating body includes:

[0134] A first coupling power supply unit is added to the back plate.

[0135] refer to Figure 4 The monopole radiating body includes a backplate. In this embodiment of the invention, a new resonant frequency of 0.9 GHz to 1.0 GHz can be added by adding a first coupling feed unit 20210 to the backplate of the monopole radiating body. The first coupling feed unit 20210 can be a U-shaped coupling stub.

[0136] In practical applications, to enable the antenna to cover the 0.7-0.96GHz frequency band where n28 is located, and to further excite the resonant frequency of the monopole antenna, this embodiment of the invention adds a first coupling feed unit 20210 to the backplate of the monopole radiating body to improve the impedance bandwidth. When current flows through the coupling stub 2028, it couples with the first coupling feed unit 20210 without direct contact, thereby changing the current flow direction. The first coupling feed unit 20210 can be derived from a rectangular patch with a length of 14mm and a width of 20mm on the back of the feed point. Its side length is approximately λ / 4 corresponding to the 0.9GHz frequency. By adjusting the stub size parameters and shape through electromagnetic simulation, a U-shaped coupling stub is finally obtained. With the help of the first coupling feed unit 2021 and the coupling stub 2028, a new resonant frequency of 0.9GHz-1.0GHz is generated.

[0137] By adding a first coupling feed unit to the backplate, this embodiment of the invention further improves the antenna's coverage frequency band without increasing the antenna's size.

[0138] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, it further includes:

[0139] A second coupling power supply unit is added to the back plate. The second coupling power supply unit consists of two levels of longitudinal branches and three levels of transverse branches.

[0140] In practical applications, multiple current paths are obtained by rationally laying out multiple branches, thereby achieving the effect of exciting adjacent resonant frequencies. In this embodiment of the invention, a second coupling feed unit 20211, consisting of two levels of longitudinal branches and three levels of transverse branches, can be laid on the backplate. The second coupling feed unit 20211 can be trapezoidal branches, and two sets of second coupling feed units 20211 can be symmetrical along the centerline of the monopole radiating body. The second coupling feed unit 20211 reduces the resonant frequency from 0.9 GHz to 0.7 GHz.

[0141] For example, a second coupling feed unit 20211, consisting of two levels of longitudinal branches and three levels of transverse branches, can be laid on the backplate. The second coupling feed unit 20211 can be composed of two levels of longitudinal branches and three levels of transverse branches. The central longitudinal branches are arranged with a 0.5mm interval between the inner edges of the U-shaped first coupling feed unit 2021 and an upward extension of 20.5mm, so that the first coupling feed unit 2021 couples with the second coupling feed unit 20211, allowing the antenna surface current to be effectively radiated through the trapezoidal branches. The three levels of transverse branches are designed with a 2.4mm interval and a length of 1.6mm, which enhances the resonance amplitude when the antenna radiates at this point and adjusts the matching impedance. The three levels of transverse branches are also effectively coupled with the coupling branches 2028, further extending the electrical length, so that the antenna impedance is effectively matched in the 0.7GHz-0.8GHz range. L-shaped longitudinal branches extend upwards from the edge of the monopole radiating body 202, avoiding the main radiation area on the front of the monopole radiating body 202, and couple with the resonant ring structure 20212 on the back of the main radiation. Due to overall size limitations, the length design can be set as a rectangular line with a length of 53.5 mm and a width of 0.5 mm. The parameters of this structure are optimized through electromagnetic simulation software, and the final size is adjusted to a rectangular line with a total length of 35 mm and a 5 mm bend at the top. The combination of the above multiple branches forms the second coupled feed unit 20211, which reduces the resonant frequency from 0.9 GHz to 0.7 GHz.

[0142] In this embodiment of the invention, by adding a second coupling feed unit to the back plate, the second coupling feed unit is composed of two levels of longitudinal branches and three levels of transverse branches, thereby further improving the coverage frequency band of the antenna without increasing the antenna volume.

[0143] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, it further includes:

[0144] A resonant ring structure is added to the back plate, the resonant ring structure including two opposite sides in the horizontal direction;

[0145] Adjust the distance between the two opposite sides to control the standing wave of the frequency band corresponding to the monopole radiating body within a preset threshold.

[0146] In practical implementation, although the resonant frequency can be reduced from 0.9 GHz to 0.7 GHz by forming a second coupled feed unit 20211 through the above multi-segment combination, the return loss is only about -6.5 dB at the lowest point of 0.7-1 GHz. Therefore, in practical implementation, to further improve the matching of the 0.7-1 GHz band, a resonant ring structure 20212 can be added to the backplane. The resonant ring structure 20212 can be derived from a 0th-order basic regular hexagon that maps the front of the monopole radiating body to a 2nd-order Minkowski fractal, with the width adjusted to 0.5 mm. In practical applications, the addition of the resonant ring structure 20212 weakens the coupling effect between the hexagonal sides due to the excessive width of the opposite sides, resulting in a less significant change in amplitude as shown in the simulation results. Therefore, the distance between the two opposite sides 202121 in the horizontal direction can be adjusted. For example, the two opposite sides 202121 are recessed by 0.7mm towards the center, allowing the resonant ring structure 20212 to generate multiple resonant points by disrupting the current flow. These points, working together with the other structures, ensure that the monopole radiating element can effectively radiate in the 0.7GHz-1GHz frequency band while maintaining a standing wave ratio below 2 in this band. Ultimately, the antenna achieves full frequency band coverage of 0.7GHz-1.0GHz and 1.7GHz-5.0GHz.

[0147] For example, the printed circuit board used to fabricate the monopole radiating element can have dimensions of 68.2*14.2*1mm, which is much smaller than the size of an antenna in the same frequency band. The printed circuit board can be made of FR4 material with a relative permittivity of 4.4 and a loss tangent of 0.02.

[0148] This small-sized, full-band 5G terminal paddle antenna was generated using the above-mentioned method. Compared to existing antennas capable of covering the entire 5G band, its size has been significantly reduced while maintaining superior performance. It was designed using a combination of methods: employing a deformable sleeve antenna form, utilizing three fractal transformations and various printed circuit structure variations such as bending, folding, and slotting to create more resonant points, and adding back-side coupling stubs to further widen the frequency band and reduce VSWR. It meets the requirements of domestic operators for the entire 5G band, as well as the n28 band, which has a wider coverage than 5G signals.

[0149] It should be noted that, for the sake of simplicity, the method embodiments are all described as a series of actions. However, those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the described order of actions, because according to the embodiments of the present invention, some steps can be performed in other orders or simultaneously. Furthermore, those skilled in the art should also understand that the embodiments described in the specification are preferred embodiments, and the actions involved are not necessarily essential to the embodiments of the present invention.

[0150] Reference Figure 5The diagram shows a structural block diagram of an antenna fabrication apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present invention, which may specifically include the following modules:

[0151] The first trimming module 501 is used to trim the top structure of the monopole radiating body using a first fractal method and a second fractal method.

[0152] The second trimming module 502 is used to trim a fractal ring structure inside the monopole radiating body using a third fractal method to increase the current flow distance of the internal structure.

[0153] The coupling stub addition module 503 is used to add coupling stubs in the monopole radiation body;

[0154] A coupling feed unit addition module 504 is used to add a coupling feed unit in the monopole radiating body and to fabricate an antenna using the monopole radiating body.

[0155] Optionally, the first cropping module may include:

[0156] The first target point determination submodule is used to determine the first target point by means of the current density on the top structure of the monopole radiating body; the top structure of the monopole radiating body includes inclined structures on both sides of the first target point.

[0157] The first trimming submodule is used to trim the first target point using a second-order Cauchy fractal structure and to trim the oblique structure using a second-order W-shaped fractal structure.

[0158] Optionally, the second cropping module may include:

[0159] The regular hexagon generation submodule is used to generate regular hexagons according to preset side lengths;

[0160] The second-order Minkowski fractal pattern generation submodule is used to generate a second-order Minkowski fractal pattern to increase the current flow distance of the internal structure of the monopole radiating body by using the interior angle values ​​of the regular hexagon and a preset fractal scaling factor.

[0161] The second trimming submodule is used to trim the internal structure of the monopole radiating body using the second-order Minkowski fractal pattern.

[0162] Optionally, the monopole radiating body includes a microstrip line, and the microstrip line includes a gradient structure.

[0163] Optionally, the coupling stub addition module may include:

[0164] The second target point determination submodule is used to determine the second target point in the second-order Minkowski fractal pattern of the monopole radiating body based on the surface current of the ground segment.

[0165] A coupling stub is added to a submodule for slotting the monopole radiating body based on the second target point, so as to add a coupling stub in the monopole radiating body.

[0166] Optionally, the monopole radiating body includes a backplate, and the coupling feed unit additional module may include:

[0167] The first coupling power supply unit is equipped with a sub-module for adding the first coupling power supply unit to the backplane.

[0168] Optionally, it may also include:

[0169] The second coupling power supply unit is equipped with a sub-module for adding a second coupling power supply unit to the back plate. The second coupling power supply unit consists of two levels of longitudinal branches and three levels of transverse branches.

[0170] Optionally, it may also include:

[0171] A sub-module is added to the resonant ring structure for adding a resonant ring structure to the back plate. The resonant ring structure includes two opposite sides located in the horizontal direction.

[0172] The distance adjustment submodule is used to adjust the distance between the two opposite sides in order to control the frequency band standing wave of the coverage band corresponding to the monopole radiating body within a preset threshold.

[0173] As the device embodiment is basically similar to the method embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and relevant parts can be found in the description of the method embodiment.

[0174] Reference Figure 2 The diagram illustrates the structure of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention, which may specifically include:

[0175] Outer shell 201, monopole radiating body 202, reference Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a front structural schematic diagram of a monopole radiating body provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The monopole radiating body 202 may have a corresponding coaxial cable 2021, a planar deformable sleeve 2022, and a microstrip line 2023. The coaxial cable 2021 includes a core wire. The coaxial cable 2021 can be welded to the bottom of the planar deformable sleeve 2022, and the core wire can be welded to the bottom of the 50Ω microstrip line 2023. When the antenna is working, the input current enters the monopole radiating body 202 through the coaxial cable for radiation.

[0176] The monopole radiating body includes a top structure and an internal structure;

[0177] The top structure is cut using a first fractal method and a second fractal method;

[0178] The internal structure is cut out using a third fractal method to create a fractal ring structure that increases the current flow distance within the internal structure.

[0179] The monopole radiating body is provided with a coupling branch;

[0180] A coupling feed unit is added to the monopole radiating body.

[0181] Optionally, the top structure includes inclined structures 2025 located on both sides of the first target point 2024, the first target point 2024 being determined by the current density of the top structure of the monopole radiating body.

[0182] The first target point 2024 is clipped using a second-order Cauchy fractal structure;

[0183] The hypotenuse structure 2025 is cut using a second-order W-shaped fractal structure.

[0184] Optionally, the center position 2026 of the internal structure is clipped using a second-order Minkowski fractal pattern;

[0185] The second-order Minkowski fractal pattern is generated by the interior angle values ​​of a regular hexagon with a preset side length and a preset fractal ratio coefficient.

[0186] Optionally, the monopole radiating body 202 may include a microstrip line 2023, and the microstrip line 2023 may include a gradient structure 20231.

[0187] refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 , Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the back structure of a monopole radiating body provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0188] Optionally, the coupling stub 2028 is generated by slotting on the monopole radiating body 202 based on the second target point 2027;

[0189] The second target point 2027 is determined in the second-order Minkowski fractal pattern of the monopole radiating body 202 based on the surface current of the ground segment.

[0190] Optionally, the monopole radiating body includes a backplate;

[0191] The backplate is provided with a first coupling power supply unit 20210.

[0192] Optionally, the back plate is provided with a second coupling power supply unit 20211, which consists of two levels of longitudinal branches and three levels of transverse branches.

[0193] Optionally, the back plate is provided with a resonant ring structure 20212, the resonant ring structure 20212 including two opposite sides 202121 located in the horizontal direction;

[0194] The distance between the two opposite sides 202121 is used to control the frequency band standing wave of the coverage band corresponding to the monopole radiating body within a preset threshold.

[0195] As the antenna embodiment is basically similar to the method embodiment, it is described in a relatively simple way. For relevant details, please refer to the description of the method embodiment.

[0196] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for manufacturing an antenna, characterized in that, The antenna includes a monopole radiating element, comprising: The top structure of the monopole radiating body is trimmed using a first fractal method and a second fractal method; The internal structure of the monopole radiating body is cut out using a third fractal method to create a fractal ring structure to increase the current flow distance within the internal structure. A coupling stub is added to the monopole radiation body; A coupling feed unit is added to the monopole radiating body, and the antenna is fabricated using the monopole radiating body; The step of trimming the top structure of the monopole radiating body using a first fractal method and a second fractal method includes: The first target point is determined by the current density on the top structure of the monopole radiating body; the top structure of the monopole radiating body includes inclined structures on both sides of the first target point. The first target point is trimmed using a second-order Cauchy fractal structure, and the oblique structure is trimmed using a second-order W-shaped fractal structure.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of cutting out a fractal ring structure within the monopole radiating body using a third fractal method to increase the current flow distance within the internal structure includes: Generate a regular hexagon according to the preset side length; A second-order Minkowski fractal pattern is generated by using the interior angle values ​​of the regular hexagon and a preset fractal scaling factor to increase the current flow distance of the internal structure of the monopole radiating body. The internal structure of the monopole radiating body is trimmed using the second-order Minkowski fractal pattern.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The monopole radiating body includes a microstrip line, and the microstrip line includes a gradient structure.

4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The step of adding a coupling stub in the monopole radiation body includes: The second target point is determined in the second-order Minkowski fractal pattern of the monopole radiating body based on the surface current of the ground segment. Based on the second target point, a slot is made on the monopole radiating body to add a coupling branch in the monopole radiating body.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The monopole radiating body includes a backplate, and the step of adding a coupling feed unit in the monopole radiating body includes: A first coupling power supply unit is added to the back plate.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, Also includes: A second coupling power supply unit is added to the back plate. The second coupling power supply unit consists of two levels of longitudinal branches and three levels of transverse branches.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, Also includes: A resonant ring structure is added to the back plate, the resonant ring structure including two opposite sides in the horizontal direction; Adjust the distance between the two opposite sides to control the standing wave of the frequency band corresponding to the monopole radiating body within a preset threshold.

8. An antenna manufacturing apparatus, characterized in that, The antenna includes a monopole radiating element, comprising: The first trimming module is used to trim the top structure of the monopole radiating body using a first fractal method and a second fractal method. The second trimming module is used to trim a fractal ring structure inside the monopole radiating body using a third fractal method to increase the current flow distance of the internal structure. A coupling stub addition module is used to add coupling stubs in the monopole radiating body; A coupling feed unit addition module is used to add a coupling feed unit in the monopole radiating body and to fabricate an antenna using the monopole radiating body; The first cropping module includes: The first target point determination submodule is used to determine the first target point by means of the current density on the top structure of the monopole radiating body; the top structure of the monopole radiating body includes inclined structures on both sides of the first target point. The first trimming submodule is used to trim the first target point using a second-order Cauchy fractal structure and to trim the oblique structure using a second-order W-shaped fractal structure.

9. The apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that, The second cropping module includes: The regular hexagon generation submodule is used to generate regular hexagons according to preset side lengths; The second-order Minkowski fractal pattern generation submodule is used to generate a second-order Minkowski fractal pattern to increase the current flow distance of the internal structure of the monopole radiating body by using the interior angle values ​​of the regular hexagon and a preset fractal scaling factor. The second trimming submodule is used to trim the internal structure of the monopole radiating body using the second-order Minkowski fractal pattern.

10. The apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that, The monopole radiating body includes a microstrip line, and the microstrip line includes a gradient structure.

11. The apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that, The coupling stub addition module includes: The second target point determination submodule is used to determine the second target point in the second-order Minkowski fractal pattern of the monopole radiating body based on the surface current of the ground segment. A coupling stub is added to a submodule for slotting the monopole radiating body based on the second target point, so as to add a coupling stub in the monopole radiating body.

12. The apparatus according to claim 11, characterized in that, The monopole radiating body includes a backplate, and the coupling feed unit is further equipped with a module including: The first coupling power supply unit is equipped with a sub-module for adding the first coupling power supply unit to the backplane.

13. The apparatus according to claim 12, characterized in that, Also includes: The second coupling power supply unit is equipped with a sub-module for adding a second coupling power supply unit to the back plate. The second coupling power supply unit consists of two levels of longitudinal branches and three levels of transverse branches.

14. The apparatus according to claim 13, characterized in that, Also includes: A sub-module is added to the resonant ring structure for adding a resonant ring structure to the back plate. The resonant ring structure includes two opposite sides located in the horizontal direction. The distance adjustment submodule is used to adjust the distance between the two opposite sides in order to control the frequency band standing wave of the coverage band corresponding to the monopole radiating body within a preset threshold.

15. An antenna, characterized in that, It includes a monopole radiating body, which includes a top structure and an internal structure; The top structure is cut using a first fractal method and a second fractal method; The internal structure is cut out using a third fractal method to create a fractal ring structure that increases the current flow distance within the internal structure. The monopole radiating body is provided with a coupling branch; A coupling feed unit is added to the monopole radiating body; The top structure includes inclined structures located on both sides of the first target point, and the first target point is determined by the current density of the top structure of the monopole radiating body. The first target point is clipped using a second-order Cauchy fractal structure; The oblique structure is cut using a second-order W-shaped fractal structure.

16. The antenna according to claim 15, characterized in that, The internal structure is cut using a second-order Minkowski fractal pattern. The second-order Minkowski fractal pattern is generated by the interior angle values ​​of a regular hexagon with a preset side length and a preset fractal ratio coefficient.

17. The antenna according to claim 16, characterized in that, The monopole radiating body includes a microstrip line, and the microstrip line includes a gradient structure.

18. The antenna according to claim 16, characterized in that, The coupling stubs are generated by slotting on the monopole radiating body based on the second target point; The second target point is determined based on the surface current of the ground segment in the second-order Minkowski fractal pattern of the monopole radiating body.

19. The antenna according to claim 18, characterized in that, The monopole radiating body includes a backplate; The backplate is provided with a first coupling power supply unit.

20. The antenna according to claim 19, characterized in that, The backplate is provided with a second coupling power supply unit, which consists of two levels of longitudinal branches and three levels of transverse branches.

21. The antenna according to claim 20, characterized in that, The back plate is provided with a resonant ring structure, which includes two opposite sides located in the horizontal direction; The distance between the two opposite sides is used to control the frequency band standing wave of the coverage band corresponding to the monopole radiating body within a preset threshold.

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