A feed additive, its preparation method and usage method

Abstract

The present invention relates to a feed additive, which comprises a plant essential oil mixture. The plant essential oil mixture includes the following components: the first component: one or more of α-terpinene, γ-terpinene, terpinolene and p-menthane-1,4-diol; the second component: one or more of camphor oil and paraldehyde. In addition, the present invention also relates to a preparation method of the above feed additive, and a usage method of the above feed additive when it is applied to aquaculture and poultry farming. The feed additive of the present invention can be applied to various aquaculture animals such as fish, shrimps and crabs for a long time, can effectively prevent and control common parasites such as Trichodina, and can also inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria; when used in poultry, it can effectively relieve diseases such as upper respiratory tract infection. It can improve the non-specific immunity of farmed animals, avoid or reduce the use of insecticides and antibiotics, has the advantages of no side effects, naturalness, no residue, high efficiency, etc., and can also relieve the problem of environmental pollution caused by the abuse of drugs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of feed additives, and particularly to a feed additive, a preparation method thereof, and a usage method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of the aquaculture industry in China, although the fine-scale farming that saves water, land, and energy has become the main direction of the aquaculture industry, the high-density intensive farming method is still the choice of most farmers at present. In addition, the poultry farming industry also mostly adopts the above-mentioned farming method. The high-density intensive farming method has poor resistance to diseases, and once it occurs, it often causes huge economic losses. At present, the main measures for disease prevention and control still rely on adding chemical drugs and antibiotics to feed. However, preventing the outbreak of pathogens through chemical drugs and antibiotics easily leads to environmental pollution and the enhancement of pathogen drug resistance, and it will also directly endanger human health through the food chain, with greater potential harm.

[0003] Therefore, developing an environmentally friendly and highly versatile feed additive is of great significance to the healthy development of the breeding industry. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a feed additive, a preparation method thereof, and a usage method thereof, which can effectively prevent diseases of farmed animals, improve the immunity of farmed animals, can effectively reduce or even avoid the use of insecticides and antibiotics, and thus alleviate the environmental pollution problem caused by drug abuse.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention discloses a feed additive, which comprises a plant essential oil mixture, and the plant essential oil mixture comprises the following components: First component: one or more of α-terpinene, γ-terpinene, terpinolene, and terpin hydrate; Second component: one or more of camphor oil and paraldehyde.

[0006] Preferably, the weight ratio of each component in the plant essential oil mixture is: First component 25% - 92%, Second component 8% - 75%.

[0007] Preferably, it further comprises an emulsifier, a stabilizer, and water.

[0008] Preferably, the weight ratio of each component in the feed additive is: plant essential oil mixture 16%, emulsifier 29%, stabilizer 40%, and water 15%; wherein, the weight ratio of each component in the plant essential oil mixture is: α-terpinene 40%, γ-terpinene 22%, terpinolene 30%, and paraldehyde 8%.

[0009] Preferably, the weight ratio of each component in the feed additive is as follows: 40% of plant essential oil mixture, 35% of emulsifier, 15% of stabilizer, and 10% of water; among them, the weight ratio of each component in the plant essential oil mixture is: 40% of α-terpinene, 25% of γ-terpinene, 25% of terpinolene, and 10% of paraldehyde.

[0010] Preferably, the weight ratio of each component in the feed additive is as follows: 20% of plant essential oil mixture, 24% of emulsifier, 40% of stabilizer, and 16% of water; among them, the weight ratio of each component in the plant essential oil mixture is: 25% of tetrahydric alcohol hydrate, 15% of camphor oil, and 60% of paraldehyde.

[0011] Preferably, the emulsifier is Tween-80; the stabilizer is propylene glycol.

[0012] The preparation method of the above feed additive includes the following steps:

[0013] Step 1: Mix the first component and the second component according to the ratio and stir evenly.

[0014] Step 2: Mix the plant essential oil mixture obtained in Step 1 with the emulsifier and the stabilizer according to the ratio, and stir evenly to obtain a mixed solution.

[0015] Step 3: Add water to the mixed solution and stir evenly.

[0016] One of the usage methods of the above feed additive: Add 100 - 200 ml of the feed additive to every 100 kg of shrimp and crab feed, feed for 3 - 5 days each time, and feed at least three times a month.

[0017] Another usage method of the above feed additive: Add 100 - 200 ml of the feed additive to every 200 kg of fish feed or poultry feed, feed for 3 - 5 days each time, and feed at least three times a month.

[0018] Another usage method of the above feed additive: For a pond with a water depth of one meter, splash 50 ml of the feed additive per mu of the pond, use it once every half month, splash twice each time, and the interval between the two splashes is 2 days.

[0019] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] The feed additive of the present invention can be applied to various aquaculture animals such as fish, shrimps, and crabs for a long time, and can effectively prevent and control common parasites such as Trichodina. sp, Dactylogyrus intermedius, Phylumapicomplexa, and Ciliophora. sp. At the same time, it can also inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria. When used in poultry, it can effectively relieve diseases such as upper respiratory tract infections. The feed additive described in the present invention can improve the non-specific immunity of farmed animals, avoid or reduce the use of insecticides and antibiotics, and has the advantages of no side effects, naturalness, no residues, high efficiency, etc. At the same time, it can also alleviate the problem of environmental pollution caused by the abuse of drugs. In addition, the first component can be obtained from pine oil, the raw material procurement is simple, the source is wide, and the cost is relatively low. Detailed implementation mode

[0021] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments.

[0022] The present invention discloses a feed additive, which includes a plant essential oil mixture, an emulsifier, a stabilizer and pure water. The plant essential oil mixture includes a first component and a second component, and their weight ratio is: the first component 25% - 92%, the second component 8% - 75%. Among them, the first component is one or more of α-terpinene, γ-terpinene, terpinolene and p-menthane-1,4-diol, and these components can all be extracted from turpentine, and the source is wide. The second component is camphor oil and / or paraldehyde.

[0023] After a large number of repeated verifications, three formulations are preferably selected, specifically:

[0024] Formulation 1: The weight ratio of each component of the feed additive is: plant essential oil mixture 16%, emulsifier 29%, stabilizer 40% and water 15%; among them, the weight ratio of each component of the plant essential oil mixture is: α-terpinene 40%, γ-terpinene 22%, terpinolene 30% and paraldehyde 8%.

[0025] Formulation 2: The weight ratio of each component of the feed additive is: plant essential oil mixture 40%, emulsifier 35%, stabilizer 15% and water 10%; among them, the weight ratio of each component of the plant essential oil mixture is: α-terpinene 40%, γ-terpinene 25%, terpinolene 25% and paraldehyde 10%.

[0026] Formulation 3: The weight ratio of each component of the feed additive is: plant essential oil mixture 20%, emulsifier 24%, stabilizer 40% and water 16%; among them, the weight ratio of each component of the plant essential oil mixture is: p-menthane-1,4-diol 25%, camphor oil 15% and paraldehyde 60%.

[0027] Among the above three combinations, it is better to choose Tween-80 as the emulsifier and propylene glycol as the stabilizer.

[0028] When preparing the above feed additive, first mix and stir the first component and the second component according to the component ratio. After obtaining a uniformly mixed plant essential oil mixture, then add the emulsifier and the stabilizer according to the ratio, and obtain a mixed solution after uniform mixing. Finally, add pure water according to the ratio, and stir evenly to obtain the feed additive of the present invention, with simple operation. The following is verified through specific examples.

[0029] Example 1:

[0030] 100 g of Feed Additive No. 1 was prepared according to Formula 1.

[0031] Example 2:

[0032] 100 g of Feed Additive No. 2 was prepared according to Formula 2.

[0033] Example 3:

[0034] 100 g of Feed Additive No. 3 was prepared according to Formula 3.

[0035] Example 4:

[0036] 20 g of pentaerythritol, 24 g of Tween-80 and 40 g of 1,2-propanediol were mixed evenly to obtain a mixed solution; 16 g of pure water was added to the above mixed solution and stirred evenly to obtain Feed Additive No. 4.

[0037] Example 5:

[0038] 20 g of α-terpinene, 30 g of Tween-80 and 30 g of 1,2-propanediol were mixed evenly to obtain a mixed solution; then 20 g of pure water was added to the above mixed solution and stirred evenly to obtain Feed Additive No. 5.

[0039] Example 6:

[0040] 20 g of α-terpinene, 10 g of pentaerythritol, 20 g of Tween-80 and 30 g of 1,2-propanediol were mixed evenly to obtain a mixed solution; then 20 g of pure water was added to the above mixed solution and stirred evenly to obtain Feed Additive No. 6.

[0041] Example 7:

[0042] 20 g of α-terpinene, 10 g of camphor oil, 20 g of Tween-80 and 30 g of 1,2-propanediol were mixed evenly to obtain a mixed solution; then 20 g of pure water was added to the above mixed solution and stirred evenly to obtain Feed Additive No. 7.

[0043] The antibacterial effect test was carried out on the feed additives obtained from the above 7 groups of examples. Specifically, the antibacterial circle method was used to conduct in vitro antibacterial experiments on 6 Gram-negative bacteria (Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio anguillarum, Photobacterium damselae) and 1 Gram-positive bacterium (Streptococcus agalactiae). That is, 100 μL of the above seven bacterial solutions with a concentration of 10 8 CFU / ml was used for coating, and each drug sensitivity test paper contained 10 μL of 10% feed additive of each example. The test results of the antibacterial effects (diameter of the drug sensitivity circle / mm) of the feed additives of each example are shown in Table 1.

[0044] Table 1

[0045] Pathogenic bacteria Additive No. 1 / mm Additive No. 2 / mm Additive No. 3 / mm Additive No. 4 / mm Additive No. 5 / mm Additive No. 6 / mm Additive No. 7 / mm Vibrio parahaemolyticus 7 5 10 5 3 4 5 Vibrio vulnificus 7 13 7 7 4 7 10 Vibrio harveyi 9 6 12 5 9 5 6 Vibrio alginolyticus 10 8 9 5 5 8 5 Photobacterium damselae 6 7 7 7 4 3 5 Vibrio anguillarum 6 6 6 5 4 4 7 Streptococcus agalactiae 9 7 7 5 3 5 5

[0046] Note: When the diameter of the drug sensitivity circle > 6 mm, it means that the growth of bacteria can be inhibited.

[0047] The results showed that Feed Additive No. 1 had inhibitory effects on the growth of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio alginolyticus and Streptococcus agalactiae. Feed Additive No. 2 had inhibitory effects on the growth of Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio alginolyticus, Photobacterium damselae and Streptococcus agalactiae. Feed Additive No. 3 had inhibitory effects on the growth of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio alginolyticus, Photobacterium damselae and Streptococcus agalactiae. Feed Additive No. 4 only had inhibitory effects on Vibrio vulnificus and Photobacterium damselae, and had no inhibitory effects on other detected aquatic pathogenic bacteria. Feed Additive No. 5 only had an inhibitory effect on Vibrio harveyi, and had no inhibitory effects on other detected aquatic pathogenic bacteria. Feed Additive No. 6 only had inhibitory effects on Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio alginolyticus, and had no inhibitory effects on other detected aquatic pathogenic bacteria. Feed Additive No. 7 only had inhibitory effects on Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio anguillarum, and had no inhibitory effects on other detected aquatic pathogenic bacteria. Through the above tests, the first component played a major antibacterial role, but with the synergy of the second component, it could increase the efficiency, and the effect was obvious.

[0048] In addition, three groups of on-site actual detections were also carried out, which were respectively:

[0049] An on-site experiment was conducted in a Litopenaeus vannamei farm. The shrimp in this farm had a slow feeding rate due to infection with Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei. The feed mixed with Feed Additive No. 1 was fed to the shrimp in this farm in the way of adding 100 ml of Feed Additive No. 1 to every 100 kg of feed. After 3 days of feeding, it was found that the feeding speed of the shrimp increased significantly. At the same time, 50 shrimp were randomly selected for Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei detection, and the detection result showed that Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei was negative.

[0050] A clinical experiment was conducted in a farm where Babylonia areolata was stocked and Litopenaeus vannamei was polycultured. Vibrio was confirmed to infect the Babylonia areolata in this farm. Feed additive No. 1 was sprinkled in the pond. 50 ml of Feed additive No. 1 was used per mu of pond (with a water depth of 1 meter), and it was sprinkled once every two days. After continuous use for one week, the Babylonia areolata ate normally. Further vibrio detection showed that the number of vibrios in the Babylonia areolata and the aquaculture water body decreased significantly, and the vibrios were inhibited.

[0051] A clinical experiment was conducted in a farm of Micropterus salmonides in California. The Micropterus salmonides in this farm were infected with Caligus, with a lot of mucus on the fish body and dirty, and loss of appetite. Feed mixed with Feed additive No. 2 was fed to the Micropterus salmonides in this farm in the way of adding 200 ml of Feed additive No. 2 to every 200 kg of feed, and it was fed in the morning and evening. After continuous use for one week, the Micropterus salmonides ate normally and the fish body was observed to be clean. Seven days after stopping the use, a few Caligus were found in the Micropterus salmonides. Then, it was continuously fed in the way of feeding for 3 days and stopping for 7 days. The Micropterus salmonides grew healthily and no more Caligus or other parasites were detected.

[0052] Through the above three groups of on-site actual detections, it can be seen that the feed additive of the present invention not only has an effect on inhibiting bacteria, but also has an inhibitory effect on parasites.

[0053] As mentioned above, the above are only the preferred specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A feed additive, characterized in that: it comprises components in the following mass ratio: 16% of plant essential oil mixture, 29% of emulsifier, 40% of stabilizer and 15% of water; wherein, the weight ratio of each component in the plant essential oil mixture is: 40% of α-terpinene, 22% of γ-terpinene, 30% of terpinolene and 8% of paraldehyde.

2. The feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that: the emulsifier is Tween-80; the stabilizer is propylene glycol.

3. A feed additive, characterized in that: it comprises components in the following mass ratio: 40% of plant essential oil mixture, 35% of emulsifier, 15% of stabilizer and 10% of water; wherein, the weight ratio of each component in the plant essential oil mixture is: 40% of α-terpinene, 25% of γ-terpinene, 25% of terpinolene and 10% of paraldehyde.

4. The feed additive according to claim 3, characterized in that: the emulsifier is Tween-80; the stabilizer is propylene glycol.