A device and method for direct-heating rapid electric heating of hydrogen in pure hydrogen metallurgy

Abstract

The present invention relates to a device and method for direct-heating rapid electric heating of hydrogen in pure hydrogen metallurgy. This device, which belongs to the field of metallurgical technology, addresses the problem of existing metal tube heat exchangers being unable to heat hydrogen to 1050°C. The device comprises a heater and a thyristor voltage regulation system. The heater is equipped with multiple heating tube bundles for heating hydrogen. The heating tube bundles are internally provided with high-temperature-resistant spiral turbulents or porous alumina ceramic heat storage bodies. Hydrogen flows within the heating tube bundles to heat them. The heating tube bundles are connected to electrodes, and the thyristor voltage regulation system is connected to the electrodes to adjust the heating power to heat the heating tube bundles. This device achieves direct electric heating of hydrogen to 1050°C with high heating efficiency, effectively preventing hydrogen leakage and electrode overheating.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of metallurgy, and in particular to a device and method for direct-heating rapid electric heating of hydrogen in pure hydrogen metallurgy. Background Art

[0002] my country's steel industry is mainly based on the long blast furnace process, which uses carbon as the reducing agent and energy source. The final product of carbon metallurgy is CO2. CO2 emissions from the steel industry account for about 14-15% of the country's total CO2 emissions, and CO2 emissions from blast furnace ironmaking account for 73.1%. The reducing agent of hydrogen metallurgy is H2, and the final product is H2O, which truly achieves zero CO2 emissions. Therefore, transforming carbon metallurgy into hydrogen metallurgy is the best choice for the steel industry to develop a low-carbon economy.

[0003] As an ideal green metallurgical model, hydrogen metallurgy has the following advantages: (1) Fast reaction rate: H2, as a reducing gas, has the advantages of fast mass transfer rate, good anti-adhesion, large rate constant and green reduction products. Under high temperature conditions, the reducing ability of H2 is higher than that of CO, and the equilibrium concentration of the reaction is lower than that of CO. At the same temperature, the higher the H2 content in the reducing atmosphere, the greater the reduction reaction rate. (2) Clean products: From a thermodynamic point of view, other elements except iron are difficult to be reduced by hydrogen, laying the foundation for the production of pure steel. In addition, hydrogen reduction does not use solid reducing agents, and less P, S, etc. are introduced, and there are fewer impurities in the steelmaking process. (3) Small environmental load: The product of hydrogen metallurgy is water, which can not only reduce or even avoid CO2 pollution to the atmosphere, but also the reduction products are easy to remove, and energy and water resources can be recycled.

[0004] my country has enormous potential for "green hydrogen." my country's theoretical wind energy reserves are estimated at 3.226 billion kW, primarily distributed in the "Three Norths" (Northeast, Northwest, and northern North China), the eastern coastal areas, islands, and nearshore waters. Developable surface wind power resources total approximately 1 billion kW, including 250 million kW on land and 750 million kW offshore. If expanded to altitudes above 50-60 meters, these resources are expected to reach 2-2.5 billion kW, ranking first in the world. In 2021, 47.57 million kW of new grid-connected wind power capacity was added nationwide, bringing my country's installed wind power capacity to 328.48 million kW. In 2021, China's onshore wind power installed capacity reached 302.09 million kW, accounting for 92% of the total installed capacity; offshore wind power installed capacity reached 26.39 million kW, or 8%. According to the country's medium- and long-term development plan, total installed wind power capacity will exceed 1 billion kW by the end of 2050. my country's wind power generation in 2021 was 652.6 billion kWh.

[0005] my country boasts abundant solar power generation resources and enormous potential for development. The total land area receives approximately 1.7 trillion tons of standard coal per year of solar radiation. Based on solar irradiance intensity, all regions of my country are resource-utilizable areas, with plateaus experiencing greater levels of irradiance than plains, and western regions experiencing greater levels than eastern regions. The potential for development of solar power generation technologies encompasses both centralized and distributed systems. Calculating just 20% of the Gobi Desert's area (570,000 square kilometers), the potential for photovoltaic power generation exceeds 5 billion kW. According to estimates, my country's distributed photovoltaic technology potential will reach 1.49 billion kW by 2025. In 2021, my country added 54.88 million kW of new photovoltaic capacity, bringing the cumulative installed capacity to 305.987 million kW. By 2021, China's photovoltaic power generation capacity reached 325.9 billion kWh. Currently, the power grid can only accommodate approximately 15% of unstable power sources, making it unable to fully absorb the electricity generated by wind and solar power. The production of green hydrogen through water electrolysis using renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power is becoming a trend.

[0006] Because hydrogen metallurgy is an endothermic reaction, in addition to the hydrogen required for reduction, a large amount of hydrogen circulation is also required to maintain the reaction. The hydrogen must be heated to 950-1050°C. The core of the pure hydrogen shaft furnace direct reduction process is to solve this hydrogen heating problem. Metal tubular heat exchange can be used for temperatures below 830°C. However, heating hydrogen from 830°C to 1050°C with metal tubular heat exchange is difficult due to the material's long-term high-temperature resistance, hydrogen corrosion, weld seams, and high-temperature explosion and leakage protection. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of the above analysis, the present invention aims to provide a device and method for direct-heating rapid electric heating of hydrogen in pure hydrogen metallurgy, so as to solve the problem that the existing metal tube heat exchange cannot directly heat hydrogen to 1050°C.

[0008] The first purpose of the present invention is to provide a device for direct heating and rapid electric heating of hydrogen in pure hydrogen metallurgy, including a heater and a thyristor voltage regulation system. The heater is provided with multiple connected heating tube bundles for heating hydrogen. The heating tube bundles are provided with high-temperature resistant spiral turbulents or alumina ceramic porous heat storage bodies. Hydrogen flows in the heating tube bundles for heating. The heating tube bundles are connected to the thyristor voltage regulation system through electrodes. The thyristor voltage regulation system heats the heating tube bundles by adjusting the heating power.

[0009] Furthermore, the heater includes a hydrogen inlet pipe, an inlet cone section, a heater body, an outlet cone section and a hydrogen outlet pipe connected in sequence. The heater body is a cylindrical structure and includes, from the outside to the inside, a heater body shell, a heavy anti-wear casting layer, a lightweight thermal insulation casting layer, an aluminum silicate fiber cotton layer and a heating tube bundle.

[0010] Furthermore, the heating tube bundle is an iron-chromium-aluminum alloy tube or a nickel-chromium alloy tube, the hydrogen inlet pipe is provided with a hydrogen inlet compensator, and the hydrogen outlet pipe is provided with a hydrogen outlet compensator.

[0011] Furthermore, the hydrogen inlet pipe is connected to one end of the inlet cone section through the inlet pipe metal sealing flange group, and the other end of the inlet cone section is connected to one end of the heater body through the cylinder metal seal. One end of the outlet cone section is connected to the other end of the heater body through the cylinder metal seal, and the other end of the outlet cone section is connected to the hydrogen outlet pipe through the outlet pipe metal sealing flange group.

[0012] Furthermore, a conductive chamber is provided at one end of the heater body connected to the inlet cone section, the electrode is connected to the conductive chamber, a semi-circular tube spiral cooling water jacket is provided on the heater body shell outside the conductive chamber, and a water jacket inlet and a water jacket return port are respectively provided at both ends of the semi-circular tube spiral cooling water jacket.

[0013] Furthermore, the heating tube bundle is connected to the inlet orifice plate, the middle orifice plate and the outlet orifice plate in sequence, the inlet orifice plate, the middle orifice plate and the outlet orifice plate are all connected to the positioning pull rod, and the inlet orifice plate is connected to the heater body shell through the support plate.

[0014] Furthermore, the electrodes include an A-phase electrode, a B-phase electrode, a C-phase electrode and three N-electrodes with the same structure. The multiple heating tube bundles are divided into three parts: an A-phase heating tube bundle, a B-phase heating tube bundle and a C-phase heating tube bundle. The two heating tube bundles in the A-phase heating tube bundle are respectively connected to the A-phase electrode and the first N-electrode, the two heating tube bundles in the B-phase heating tube bundle are respectively connected to the B-phase electrode and the second N-electrode, and the two heating tube bundles in the C-phase heating tube bundle are respectively connected to the C-phase electrode and the third N-electrode. The multiple heating tube bundles in the A-phase heating tube bundle, the B-phase heating tube bundle or the C-phase heating tube bundle are connected in series or in parallel-series.

[0015] Furthermore, the heating tube bundle is connected to one end of the electrode lead copper rod through a conductive copper busbar, a water cooling structure is provided on the outside of one end of the electrode lead copper rod, the water cooling structure is connected to a cooling water inlet and a cooling water return port, an insulating structure is provided on the outside of the other end of the electrode lead copper rod, and the water cooling structure is welded to the outer shell of the heater body.

[0016] Furthermore, the heating tube bundle is a straight tube or an S-shaped tube, an inlet pressure transmitter and an inlet thermocouple are provided in the inlet cone section, and an outlet pressure transmitter and an outlet thermocouple are provided in the outlet cone section.

[0017] The second purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for heating hydrogen using the device, wherein the thyristor voltage regulation system heats the heating tube bundle by adjusting the heating power. The heating tube bundle is heated, and a high-temperature resistant spiral turbulent or a porous alumina ceramic heat storage body is provided inside the heating tube bundle to increase thermal radiation and heat transfer efficiency. Low-temperature hydrogen enters the heating tube bundle and flows to be heated, so that the temperature of the low-temperature hydrogen rises to 1050°C before flowing out.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention can achieve at least one of the following beneficial effects:

[0019] (1) The direct heating method of the heating tube bundle of the present invention can quickly heat hydrogen to 1050°C. The heating tube bundle is provided with a high-temperature resistant spiral turbulent or alumina ceramic porous heat storage body, which increases the contact area between hydrogen and the high-temperature heat storage body, reduces the temperature difference between the inner tube wall and the center of the tube cross section, and improves the heat exchange efficiency of hydrogen. It solves the technical problem that the heat exchange temperature of traditional metal tube heat exchangers is generally within 830°C and cannot heat hydrogen to 1050°C, and overcomes the technical bottleneck of pure hydrogen metallurgy;

[0020] (2) The heater body in the electrically heated hydrogen device of the present invention includes, from the outside to the inside, a heater body shell, a heavy anti-wear casting layer, a light insulation casting layer, an aluminum silicate fiber cotton layer, and a heating tube bundle. By building with refractory materials and thermal insulation materials, the surface temperature of the heater body shell is lower than 80°C, thus avoiding technical difficulties such as hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity of materials in high temperature and high pressure states, high temperature creep of materials, long-term high temperature resistance of materials, hydrogen corrosion, welding welds, and high temperature explosion and leakage prevention;

[0021] (3) All the connection parts of the electric heating hydrogen device of the present invention are sealed with metal seals, which can effectively prevent the leakage of high-temperature hydrogen;

[0022] (4) The end of the heater body connected to the inlet cone section of the present invention is provided with a conductive chamber, and the electrode is connected to the conductive chamber. A semicircular spiral cooling water jacket is provided on the outer shell of the heater body outside the conductive chamber, which can ensure heat dissipation in the conductive chamber, prevent the conductive copper busbar and the sealed electrode from overheating, and effectively improve the service life of the electrode;

[0023] (5) The present invention adopts three-phase power input, and an A-phase electrode, a B-phase electrode, a C-phase electrode and three N electrodes are arranged in the conductive chamber. A thyristor voltage regulation system is used to adjust the heating power, which can realize closed-loop control of the temperature of each section. The heated hydrogen reaches a temperature of 1050°C and is sent to the pure hydrogen vertical furnace for reduction with iron ore;

[0024] (6) The water cooling structure provided on the electrode of the present invention effectively prevents the electrode from heating up, and the insulating structure plays an insulating role. The various structures are sealed and connected to effectively prevent hydrogen leakage;

[0025] (7) The heating tube bundle of the present invention adopts an S-shape, which increases the heat exchange length and heat exchange time between hydrogen and the heating element, and improves the heat exchange efficiency.

[0026] In the present invention, the above-mentioned technical solutions can be combined with each other to achieve more preferred combinations. Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in the following content, and some advantages will become apparent from the description or be learned through practice of the present invention. The objectives and other advantages of the present invention can be realized and obtained as particularly pointed out in the text and drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] The accompanying drawings are only for the purpose of illustrating particular embodiments and are not to be considered limiting of the present invention. Like reference symbols denote like parts throughout the drawings.

[0028] Figure 1 A flow chart of a pure hydrogen shaft furnace reduction process provided by the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of a device for direct-heating rapid electric heating of hydrogen in pure hydrogen metallurgy provided by the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Cross-sectional view in the AA direction;

[0031] Figure 4 for Figure 2 Cross-sectional view of the middle BB method;

[0032] Figure 5 A schematic structural diagram of an electrode provided by the present invention;

[0033] Figure 6 A diagram of a voltage regulation scheme of a heating tube bundle connected in series with a thyristor provided by the present invention;

[0034] Figure 7 A diagram of a parallel-series thyristor voltage regulation scheme for a heating tube bundle provided by the present invention;

[0035] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of an S-shaped heating tube bundle structure provided by the present invention;

[0036] Figure 9 for Figure 2 A partial enlarged view of point C in the middle.

[0037] Figure markings: 1-hydrogen inlet pipe, 11-hydrogen inlet compensator, 12-inlet pipe metal sealing flange group, 2-inlet cone section, 21-inlet pressure transmitter, 22-inlet thermocouple, 3-heater body, 301-heater body shell, 302-aluminum silicate fiber cotton layer, 303-light insulation casting layer, 304-heavy anti-wear casting layer, 305-heat-resistant insulation ceramic felt, 31-cylinder metal seal, 32-cooling water jacket, 33-water jacket water inlet, 34-water jacket return port, 4-outlet cone section, 41-outlet pressure transmitter, 42-outlet thermocouple, 5-hydrogen outlet pipe, 51-hydrogen outlet compensator, 52-outlet pipe metal sealing flange group, 6-electrode, 601-A phase electrode, 602-B phase electrode, 603-C phase electrode , 604-first N electrode, 605-second N electrode, 606-third N electrode, 610-electrode lead copper rod, 611-electrode inner sleeve, 612-electrode outer sleeve, 613-cooling water inlet, 614-cooling water return port, 615-inner insulating ceramic sleeve, 616-insulating sealing ring, 617-outer insulating ceramic sleeve, 618-brass washer, 619-spring washer, 620-tightening brass nut, 621-insulating sheath, 622-electrode steel sheath, 623-rubber pad, 624-screw, 625-insulating rubber sleeve, 626-cable brass fixing bolt group, 64-conductive copper busbar, 7-heating tube bundle, 71-inlet orifice plate, 72-middle orifice plate, 73-outlet orifice plate, 74-support plate, 8-heating support seat, 9-heating tube bundle connecting plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein the accompanying drawings constitute a part of the present invention and are used together with the embodiments of the present invention to illustrate the principles of the present invention, but are not used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0039] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a pure hydrogen vertical furnace reduction process flow chart, including an oxidized pellet or lump ore feeding unit, a pure hydrogen vertical furnace reduction unit, and a top gas treatment unit connected in sequence, wherein the pure hydrogen vertical furnace reduction unit is also connected to a green electricity electrolysis water hydrogen production unit and a hydrogen mixing and dust removal unit, the hydrogen mixing and dust removal unit is also connected to a hydrogen electric heating unit, the hydrogen electric heating unit is connected to the pure hydrogen vertical furnace reduction unit, and the top gas treatment unit is also connected to the hydrogen mixing and dust removal unit.

[0040] The pure hydrogen shaft furnace reduction unit includes the steps of feeding oxidized pellets or lump ore into the furnace, reduction, cooling of the metal pellets in the furnace, discharging of the metal pellets, and briquetting of the metal pellets. The pure hydrogen shaft furnace reduction process of the present invention also includes an environmental dust removal unit to treat the waste gas generated during the entire reduction process.

[0041] The green electricity in the green electricity water electrolysis hydrogen production unit refers to electricity generated from photovoltaic power, wind power, biomass power, or other renewable energy sources. The hydrogen production system adopts a modular assembly structure, mainly consisting of an electrolyzer, a gas-liquid processor (frame), a water pump, a water alkali tank, a control cabinet, a rectifier cabinet, a rectifier transformer, and a flame arrester. The electrolyzer is a filter-press bipolar series structure and is the core of the hydrogen production system. Here, water is electrolyzed into hydrogen and oxygen. The lower part has a liquid inlet pipe and the upper part has hydrogen and oxygen liquid outlet pipes. The electrolyte decomposes under the influence of direct current in the electrolyzer, and hydrogen and oxygen are precipitated on the electrode surface. The hydrogen and oxygen enter the gas-liquid system through their respective channels. The hydrogen and alkali mixture exiting the electrolyzer flows through the outlet holes on the cathode side of the pole frame, through the hydrogen channel, and then is collected and introduced into the gas-liquid separator. It is then cooled by heat exchange in the internal heat exchanger and separated by gravity. The separated hydrogen is then introduced into the hydrogen scrubber cooler above the gas-liquid separator for further scrubbing and cooling, thereby minimizing the alkali and water content in the gas. After gas and water separation in the scrubber and gas-water separator, it is finally discharged through the hydrogen membrane regulating valve and enters the system or is vented. The oxygen treatment process is basically the same as the above process.

[0042] The oxidized pellet or lump ore feeding unit includes oxidized pellet or lump ore feeding, oxidized pellet or lump ore cylinder limestone shotcrete, intermediate buffer bin and feeding weighing and vertical belt feeding into the furnace.

[0043] The pure hydrogen vertical furnace reduction unit includes the feeding of oxidized pellets or lump ore into the furnace (furnace top hopper, upper sealing valve for feeding into the furnace, intermediate tank for feeding into the furnace, lower sealing valve for feeding into the furnace, buffer tank, and material pipe), the reduction vertical furnace system (including the vertical furnace body, horizontal loosening of the furnace waist, vertical loosening of the furnace bottom, and spiral discharge of the furnace bottom), the cooling of the metal pellets in the furnace (cooling tank with hydrogen as the medium), the discharge of the metal pellets (cooling tank discharge spiral, upper sealing valve for discharging, intermediate tank for discharging, lower sealing valve for discharging, and discharge belt), and the briquetting of metal pellets (metallized pellet loading, briquetting machine, and storage after briquetting).

[0044] The top gas treatment unit includes top gas (mainly hydrogen, water vapor and dust) cyclone dust removal, top gas heat exchanger, top gas wet dust removal (atomizing water spray, venturi spray), dehydration demister, hydrogen compressor and hydrogen cold dryer.

[0045] The hydrogen mixing and dust removal unit consists of a mixing tank and a hydrogen sealed bag filter. Purified cold recycled hydrogen from the top gas treatment unit, high-temperature hydrogen (containing dust) after cooling and heat exchange in the metal pelletizing furnace of the pure hydrogen shaft reduction unit, and a portion of the supplemental hydrogen are mixed in the mixing tank, where the temperature is lowered to prevent bag burning.

[0046] The hydrogen electric heating unit includes a hydrogen heater body, a thyristor voltage regulating power supply system and pressure and temperature measuring instruments.

[0047] The environmental dust removal unit includes dust removal bags, induced draft fans and chimneys.

[0048] It should be noted that the pure hydrogen vertical furnace reduction process in the present invention is processed using existing methods, and the specific processing process of each unit will not be described in detail. The present invention mainly improves the hydrogen heating device in the hydrogen electric heating unit.

[0049] like Figure 2-Figure 8 As shown, a specific embodiment of the present invention discloses a device for direct-heating rapid electric heating of hydrogen in pure hydrogen metallurgy, including a heater and a thyristor voltage regulation system. The heater is provided with a plurality of connected heating tube bundles 7 for heating hydrogen. The heating tube bundles 7 are provided with high-temperature resistant spiral turbulents or alumina ceramic porous heat storage bodies. Hydrogen flows in the heating tube bundles 7 for heating. The heating tube bundles 7 are connected to the thyristor voltage regulation system via electrodes 6. The thyristor voltage regulation system heats the heating tube bundles 7 by adjusting the heating power.

[0050] The high-temperature heating method for pure hydrogen cannot be carried out using conventional gas or air preheaters for the following reasons: (1) The heat exchange of hydrogen at high temperature and high pressure in traditional tubular heat exchangers places extremely high demands on metal tube materials due to heat resistance and hydrogen embrittlement. Currently, there is no precedent for heating hydrogen to 1050°C. (2) Compared with other gases, the specific heat capacity of hydrogen is relatively low, and the increase in specific heat capacity with increasing temperature is small. From 0°C to 1050°C, the specific heat capacity is 0.305 kCal / Nm 3 ℃→0.318kCal / Nm 3 ·℃, while CO reducing gas as a comparison is from 0.310kCal / Nm 3 ℃→0.339kCal / Nm 3 ·℃, hydrogen absorbs less heat when heated. In summary, heating hydrogen as a reducing gas is much more difficult than heating CO reducing gas.

[0051] Compared with the existing technology, the direct heating method of the heating tube bundle 7 of the present invention can quickly heat hydrogen to 1050°C. The heating tube bundle 7 is equipped with a high-temperature resistant spiral turbulator or a porous alumina ceramic heat storage body, which increases the contact area between the hydrogen and the high-temperature heat storage body, reduces the temperature difference between the inner tube wall and the center of the tube cross section, and improves the hydrogen heat exchange efficiency. This solves the technical problem that traditional metal tube heat exchangers generally have a heat exchange temperature of less than 830°C and cannot heat hydrogen to 1050°C, thus overcoming the technical bottleneck of pure hydrogen metallurgy.

[0052] The heating device in the present invention is to directly electrically heat hydrogen at room temperature to high-temperature hydrogen of 1050°C. The high-temperature hydrogen of about 750°C after high-temperature metallized pellets after reduction in a shaft furnace are cooled and heat-exchanged with hydrogen, and the recycled hydrogen purified by the top gas treatment unit and mixed with supplementary fresh hydrogen to obtain mixed hydrogen at 260-300°C, which is then heated to 1050°C. Alternatively, fresh hydrogen at room temperature can be heated to 200-300°C after heat exchange in a top gas preheater and then heated to 1050°C.

[0053] Specifically, the heater includes a hydrogen inlet pipe 1, an inlet cone section 2, a heater body 3, an outlet cone section 4 and a hydrogen outlet pipe 5 connected in sequence. The heater body 3 is a cylindrical structure and includes, from the outside to the inside, a heater body shell 301, an aluminum silicate fiber cotton layer 302, a lightweight thermal insulation casting layer 303, a heavy anti-wear casting layer 304 and a heating tube bundle 7.

[0054] It should be noted that the heater of the present invention is built with refractory materials and thermal insulation materials, and the shell surface temperature is lower than 80°C, which reduces the restriction requirements of the shell steel. Suitable refractory materials are selected, and the refractory temperature of the refractory materials is much higher than 1050°C for heating hydrogen.

[0055] Specifically, the heating tube bundle 7 is an iron-chromium-aluminum alloy tube or a nickel-chromium alloy tube, the hydrogen inlet pipe 1 is provided with a hydrogen inlet compensator 11, and the hydrogen outlet pipe 5 is provided with a hydrogen outlet compensator 51.

[0056] It should be noted that the hydrogen heated in the present invention can be room temperature hydrogen or hydrogen with a temperature below 400°C to prevent the inlet hydrogen temperature from being too high. This prevents the hydrogen from directly contacting the electrode 6 and the conductive copper busbar 64 in the conductive chamber (i.e., when the hydrogen converges and enters the heating tube bundle 7), causing the conductive chamber electrode 6 and the conductive copper busbar 64 to overheat, thereby shortening the service life of the heating element. When the heated hydrogen is approximately 750°C high-temperature hydrogen after hydrogen cooling and heat exchange of high-temperature metallized pellets after reduction in a vertical furnace, and recycled hydrogen purified by the furnace top gas treatment unit, and is mixed with fresh hydrogen, the mixed hydrogen temperature is adjusted to 260-300°C and then electrically heated to 1050°C. The function of the hydrogen inlet compensator 11 and the hydrogen outlet compensator 51 is to prevent the heating device housing from being affected by temperature and generating internal stress, which may cause deformation of the heating device.

[0057] It should be noted that the heating tube bundle 7 of the present invention is an iron-chromium-aluminum alloy tube or a nickel-chromium alloy GH3030 high-temperature alloy tube. The heating tube bundle 7 of the present invention is used as a direct electric heating method of the heating element to quickly heat hydrogen to 1050°C, and the heating speed is much faster than other methods. Compared with iron-chromium-aluminum alloy, GH3030 high-temperature alloy has a melting point of 1420°C, has strong thermal strength (iron-chromium-aluminum alloy has lower high-temperature strength and greater brittleness) and high plasticity (hydrogen pressure in the tube is 0.4-0.6 MPa), high high-temperature oxidation resistance and thermal radiation, and high-temperature resistivity (GH3030 high-temperature alloy is 1.1663×10 at 1200°C). -6 Ωm, FeCrAl alloy 1.508×10 -6 Ωm), with a maximum operating temperature of 1200°C (1300°C for iron-chromium-aluminum alloy, which is easily deformed and brittle at high temperatures). The heat generated by the tube bundle itself can directly heat hydrogen to 1050°C, avoiding the need for a tubular heat exchanger to heat hydrogen through combustion gas (to heat hydrogen to 1050°C, the combustion gas flame or flue gas temperature needs to be between 1300 and 1400°C, which is difficult for the heat exchange tube material to withstand). The efficiency of heating hydrogen by heat transfer through the heat exchange tube is low, and due to problems with the heat exchange tube material, the heating temperature of tubular heat exchangers is generally below 830°C. There is no precedent for heating hydrogen to 1050°C.

[0058] Specifically, the hydrogen inlet pipe 1 is connected to one end of the inlet cone section through the inlet pipe metal sealing flange group 12, the other end of the inlet cone section 2 is connected to one end of the heater body 3 through the cylinder metal seal 31, one end of the outlet cone section 4 is connected to the other end of the heater body 3 through the cylinder metal seal 31, and the other end of the outlet cone section 4 is connected to the hydrogen outlet pipe 5 through the outlet pipe metal sealing flange group 52.

[0059] It should be noted that, in order to address safety issues such as high-temperature hydrogen leakage, all sealing parts in the present invention are sealed with heat-resistant alloy metal seals, such as heat-resistant alloy octagonal gasket metal seals, which can effectively prevent high-temperature hydrogen leakage.

[0060] Specifically, a conductive chamber is provided at one end of the heater body 3 connected to the inlet cone section 2, the electrode 6 is connected to the conductive chamber, and a semi-circular tube spiral cooling water jacket 32 ​​is provided on the heater body shell 301 outside the conductive chamber, and a water jacket inlet 33 and a water jacket return port 34 are respectively provided at both ends of the semi-circular tube spiral cooling water jacket 32.

[0061] It should be noted that a conductive chamber is provided at one end of the heater body 3 of the present invention where it is connected to the inlet cone section 2, and the electrode 6 is connected to the conductive chamber. A semicircular spiral cooling water jacket 32 ​​is provided on the heater body shell 301 outside the conductive chamber. The cooling water is provided outside the conductive chamber to ensure heat dissipation in the conductive chamber, so that the conductive copper busbar 64 and the sealed electrode 6 will not overheat, thereby effectively improving the service life of the electrode 6.

[0062] Specifically, the heating tube bundle 7 is connected to the inlet orifice plate 71, the middle orifice plate 72 and the outlet orifice plate 73 in sequence. The inlet orifice plate 71, the middle orifice plate 72 and the outlet orifice plate 73 are all connected to the positioning pull rod. The inlet orifice plate 71 is connected to the heater body shell 301 through the support plate 74.

[0063] The plurality of heating tube bundles 7 are fixed and supported by the inlet orifice plate 71 , the middle orifice plate 72 , the outlet orifice plate 73 and the positioning rods, so that the plurality of heating tube bundles 7 become a whole to heat the hydrogen.

[0064] It should be noted that due to the different temperatures of the hydrogen sections in the heater body 3, the inlet orifice plate 71 and the intermediate orifice plate 72 have low temperatures and are made of heat-resistant steel 0Cr25Ni20, while the outlet orifice plate 73 has a high temperature and is made of heat-resistant steel 0Cr25Ni35Nb. The inlet orifice plate 71, the intermediate orifice plate 72 and the outlet orifice plate 73 are all provided with plate holes through which the heating tube bundle 7 passes. Each orifice plate is connected to a heating tube bundle positioning sleeve for positioning. The positioning sleeve is a SiN insulating ceramic sleeve, which serves to isolate and insulate the heating tube bundle 7 from the inlet orifice plate 71, the intermediate orifice plate 72 and the outlet orifice plate 73. The SiN insulating ceramic sleeve is positioned and fixed by an insulating ceramic positioning ring.

[0065] Specifically, the electrodes 6 include an A-phase electrode 601, a B-phase electrode 602, a C-phase electrode 603, and three N-electrodes, all of the same structure. The multiple heating tube bundles 7 are divided into three parts: the A-phase heating tube bundle, the B-phase heating tube bundle, and the C-phase heating tube bundle. The two heating tube bundles 7 in the A-phase heating tube bundle are respectively connected to the A-phase electrode 601 and the first N-electrode 604. The two heating tube bundles 7 in the B-phase heating tube bundle are respectively connected to the B-phase electrode 602 and the second N-electrode 605. The two heating tube bundles 7 in the C-phase heating tube bundle are respectively connected to the C-phase electrode 603 and the third N-electrode 606. The multiple heating tube bundles 7 in the A-phase heating tube bundle, the B-phase heating tube bundle, or the C-phase heating tube bundle are connected in series or in parallel-series. The ends of the heating tube bundles 7 are connected via a heating tube bundle connecting plate 9. Different connection methods enable series or parallel-series connection of the multiple heating tube bundles 7. The series connection method results in a lower current value for the heating tube bundles at the same output power.

[0066] It should be noted that connecting plates are provided at both ends of the heating tube bundle 7. The heating tube bundles 7 can be connected in series or in parallel-series by different connections on the heating tube bundle connecting plate 9. A thyristor voltage regulation system is used to adjust the heating power of the electrode 6 to achieve closed-loop temperature control between the A-phase heating tube bundle, the B-phase heating tube bundle, and the C-phase heating tube bundle.

[0067] Specifically, the heating tube bundle 7 is connected to one end of the electrode lead copper rod 610 through a conductive copper bus 64. A water cooling structure is provided on the outside of one end of the electrode lead copper rod 610. The water cooling structure is connected to a cooling water inlet 613 and a cooling water return port 614. An insulating structure is provided on the outside of the other end of the electrode lead copper rod 610. The water cooling structure is welded to the heater body shell 301.

[0068] It should be noted that the present invention uses a water-cooled sealed electrode 6 connected to the heating tube bundle 7. The electrode 6 is fixed with insulating ceramic and sealed with an insulating sealing ring 616, and a water-cooling structure is provided to provide insulation while effectively preventing hydrogen leakage and heating of the electrode 6.

[0069] Specifically, the heating tube bundle 7 is a straight tube or an S-shaped tube.

[0070] It should be noted that the pure hydrogen heater of the present invention adopts direct heating rapid electric heating. The heated hydrogen flows in the heating element tube bundle. A high-temperature resistant spiral turbulent or alumina ceramic porous heat storage body is arranged in the heating element tube bundle to increase the contact area between the hydrogen and the high-temperature heat storage body, reduce the temperature difference between the inner tube wall and the central hydrogen on the tube cross section, and improve the hydrogen heat exchange efficiency; the S-shaped structure heating tube bundle 7 is adopted to increase the heat exchange time between the hydrogen and the heating tube bundle 7, and the effect is better.

[0071] Specifically, the inlet cone section 2 is provided with an inlet pressure transmitter 21 and an inlet thermocouple 22, and the outlet cone section 4 is provided with an outlet pressure transmitter 41 and an outlet thermocouple 42. The pressure transmitter in the present invention is used to measure the pressure, and the thermocouple is used to measure the temperature of the hydrogen.

[0072] It should be noted that the thyristor voltage regulation system in the present invention is an existing technology, which adjusts the output voltage, changes the output power, and adjusts the heating temperature through the thyristor to achieve controllable hydrogen heating temperature.

[0073] Another embodiment of the present invention provides a method for heating hydrogen using the device described above, wherein the thyristor voltage regulation system heats the heating tube bundle 7 by adjusting the heating power. The heating tube bundle 7 is heated, and a high-temperature resistant spiral turbulent or a porous alumina ceramic heat storage body is provided inside the heating tube bundle 7 to increase thermal radiation and heat transfer efficiency. Low-temperature hydrogen enters the heating tube bundle 7 and flows to be heated, so that the temperature of the low-temperature hydrogen rises to 1050°C before flowing out.

[0074] Example 1

[0075] like Figure 2-Figure 9 As shown, a device for direct heating and rapid electric heating of hydrogen in pure hydrogen metallurgy of this embodiment includes a heater and a thyristor voltage regulation system. The heater is provided with a plurality of connected heating tube bundles 7 for heating hydrogen. The heating tube bundle 7 is provided with a high-temperature resistant spiral turbulent or an alumina ceramic porous heat storage body. Hydrogen flows in the heating tube bundle 7 for heating. The heating tube bundle 7 in this embodiment is a straight tube. The heating tube bundle 7 is connected to the electrode 6. The thyristor voltage regulation system is electrically connected to the electrode 6 and is used to adjust different heating powers to heat the heating tube bundle 7.

[0076] like Figure 2 and 4 As shown, the heater includes a hydrogen inlet pipe 1, an inlet cone section 2, a heater body 3, an outlet cone section 4 and a hydrogen outlet pipe 5 connected in sequence. The heater body 3 is a cylindrical structure and includes, from the outside to the inside, a heater body shell 301, an aluminum silicate fiber cotton layer 302, a lightweight thermal insulation casting layer 303, a heavy anti-wear casting layer 304 and a heating tube bundle 7. Among them, the heavy wear-resistant casting layer 304 and the lightweight thermal insulation casting layer 303 are formed by casting, and the heavy wear-resistant casting layer 304 is made of mullite. It should be noted that if the inlet hydrogen is room temperature or low-temperature hydrogen, since the hydrogen temperature of the hydrogen inlet pipe 1 and the inlet cone section 2 is relatively low, refractory materials may not be laid in the pipe; if the inlet hydrogen is hydrogen with a temperature of 200-400°C after preheating or mixing, the inlet cone section 2 and the end where the heater body 3 is connected to the inlet cone section 2 are built with heat-resistant thermal insulation ceramic felt 305, and the outlet cone section 4 and the hydrogen outlet pipe 5 are both hollow structures, and the heated hydrogen flows out from the middle, and the outlet cone section 4 and the hydrogen outlet pipe 5 include an outer shell, an aluminum silicate fiber cotton layer 302, a lightweight thermal insulation casting layer 303 and a heavy wear-resistant casting layer 304 from the outside to the inside, which is to prevent heat loss of high-temperature hydrogen and damage to the pipe. The length of the heating tube bundle 7 is shorter than that of the heater body 3, so that there are certain empty sections at the front and rear ends of the heater body 3. In this way, the cold hydrogen is mixed evenly and enters the heating tube bundle 7, and the heated hydrogen flows out of the heating tube bundle 7 and is mixed evenly in the empty sections. After the temperatures are consistent, it flows out from the hydrogen outlet pipe 5.

[0077] Exemplarily, the heating tube bundle 7 utilizes GH3030 high-temperature alloy tubes. A hydrogen inlet compensator 11 is provided on the hydrogen inlet pipe 1, and a hydrogen outlet compensator 51 is provided on the hydrogen outlet pipe 5. The hydrogen inlet pipe 1 is connected to one end of the inlet cone section 2 via an inlet pipe metal sealing flange assembly 12. The other end of the inlet cone section 2 is connected to one end of the heater body 3 via a cylinder metal seal 31. One end of the outlet cone section 4 is connected to the other end of the heater body 3 via a cylinder metal seal 31. The other end of the outlet cone section 4 is connected to the hydrogen outlet pipe 5 via an outlet pipe metal sealing flange assembly 52. ​​An inlet pressure transmitter 21 and an inlet thermocouple 22 are provided within the inlet cone section 2, and an outlet pressure transmitter 41 and an outlet thermocouple 42 are provided within the outlet cone section 4.

[0078] A conductive chamber is provided at one end of the heater body 3 connected to the inlet cone section 2. The electrode 6 is connected to the heating tube bundle 7 in the conductive chamber. A semi-circular tube spiral cooling water jacket 32 ​​is provided on the heater body shell 301 outside the conductive chamber. A water jacket inlet 33 and a water jacket return port 34 are respectively provided at both ends of the semi-circular tube spiral cooling water jacket 32 ​​to ensure heat dissipation in the conductive chamber, i.e., the cold hydrogen inlet converging section.

[0079] Exemplarily, the powered end of the heating tube bundle 7 is located in the conductive chamber and connected to the electrode 6. One end of the electrode 6 is arranged outside the heater body 3, and the other end is arranged inside the heater body 3. One end of the powered end of the heating tube bundle 7 is connected in series or in parallel-series through the heating tube bundle connecting plate 9. The powered end of the heating tube bundle 7 is connected to the conductive copper bus 64 through the electrode sleeve, and the conductive copper bus 64 is connected to the electrode 6. In this embodiment, as a three-phase AC input, the electrode 6 includes an A-phase electrode 601, a B-phase electrode 602, a C-phase electrode 603, and three N-electrodes of the same structure. The multiple heating tube bundles 7 are divided into three parts: an A-phase heating tube bundle, a B-phase heating tube bundle, and a C-phase heating tube bundle. Two heating tube bundles 7 in the A-phase heating tube bundle are respectively connected to the A-phase electrode 601 and the first N-electrode 604, and the remaining heating tube bundles 7 are connected in series via a heating tube bundle connecting plate 9. Two heating tube bundles 7 in the B-phase heating tube bundle are respectively connected to the B-phase electrode 602 and the second N-electrode 605, and the remaining heating tube bundles 7 are connected in series via a heating tube bundle connecting plate 9. Two heating tube bundles 7 in the C-phase heating tube bundle are respectively connected to the C-phase electrode 603 and the third N-electrode 606, and the remaining heating tube bundles 7 are connected in series via a heating tube bundle connecting plate 9. Figure 6 shown.

[0080] In this embodiment, the heater body 3 is divided into four heating sections, NO. 1, NO. 2, NO. 3 and NO. 4, by the inlet orifice plate 71, the middle orifice plate 72 and the outlet orifice plate 73. The heater body 3 can be divided into multiple heating sections by changing the number of the middle orifice plates 72 as needed to fix the heating tube bundle 7. The heating tube bundle 7 passes through the heating tube bundle in sequence from the hydrogen inlet to the hydrogen outlet. The positioning sleeve is connected to the inlet orifice plate 71, the middle orifice plate 72 and the outlet orifice plate 73 to reduce the deformation of the heating tube bundle 7 under high temperature. The heating tube bundle 7 is separated from the inlet orifice plate 71, the middle orifice plate 72 and the outlet orifice plate 73 by an insulating ceramic sleeve. The insulating ceramic sleeve is fixed on the inlet orifice plate 71, the intermediate orifice plate 72 or the outlet orifice plate 73 through an insulating ceramic positioning ring; the positions of the inlet orifice plate 71, the intermediate orifice plate 72 and the outlet orifice plate 73 are positioned by welding the heating tube bundle positioning sleeve to the heating tube bundle 7, and the inlet orifice plate 71, the intermediate orifice plate 72 and the outlet orifice plate 73 are all connected to the positioning pull rod to connect the heating tube bundle 7 into an integral tube bundle group. The inlet orifice plate 71 is connected and fixed to the heater body shell 301 by bolts and welding of the support plate 74. The heater body shell 301 is provided with a hydrogen heater support seat 8 and a mounting frame (not marked in the figure).

[0081] like Figure 3 As shown, the heating tube bundle 7 is connected to one end of the electrode lead copper rod 610 through a conductive copper bus 64. A water cooling structure is provided on the outside of one end of the electrode lead copper rod 610. The water cooling structure is connected to a cooling water inlet 613 and a cooling water return port 614. An insulating structure is provided on the outside of the other end of the electrode lead copper rod 610. The water cooling structure is welded to the heater body shell 301.

[0082] Specifically, such as Figure 5As shown, in order to insulate the electrode lead copper rod 610 from the heater body shell 301 and prevent leakage, the outer ring of the electrode lead copper rod 610 is respectively installed with an inner insulating ceramic sleeve 615, an insulating sealing ring 616 and an outer insulating ceramic sleeve 617, which are sequentially pressed by a brass washer 618 and a spring washer 619 by a tightening brass nut 620 to prevent hydrogen leakage; the inner insulating ceramic sleeve 615 and the outer insulating ceramic sleeve 617 are installed in the water-cooled electrode inner sleeve 611, and the cooling water is circulated and cooled in the electrode inner sleeve 611, the cooling water inlet 613 and the cooling water return port 614; the insulating sleeve 621 is used The other end of the electrode lead copper rod 610 is sheathed and isolated from the electrode steel sheath 622 to prevent short circuit and leakage; the electrode steel sheath 622 serves as an electrode protective sheath to prevent the electrode 6 from colliding with the outside. The electrode steel sheath 622 is installed on the electrode outer sleeve 612 through a rubber pad 623 using screws 624; the external rubber-sheathed copper cable is connected to the other end of the electrode lead copper rod 610 through a cable brass fixing bolt group 626, and the insulating rubber sheath 625 prevents the cable and the electrode steel sheath 622 from being worn and leaking. The electrode 6 is airtightly welded to the heater body shell 301 through the electrode inner sleeve 611.

[0083] Example 2

[0084] The difference between the device for direct-heating rapid electric heating of hydrogen for pure hydrogen metallurgy of this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that, Figure 8 As shown, the heating tube bundle 7 is an S-shaped tube.

[0085] Example 3

[0086] The difference between the device for direct heating and rapid electric heating of hydrogen for pure hydrogen metallurgy of this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the multiple heating tube bundles 7 in the heating tube bundle of phase A, the heating tube bundle of phase B and the heating tube bundle of phase C are all connected in parallel and series. Figure 7 As shown, the A-phase heating tube bundle is used as an example for explanation. The two ends of the three heating tube bundles in the A-phase heating tube bundle are connected to the heating tube bundle connecting plate 9 to form a parallel group, and then connected in series with the other five parallel groups of heating tube bundles to form a parallel-series heating tube bundle. The parallel-series heating tube bundle is connected to the electrode 6 through a conductive copper bus 64. The B-phase heating tube bundle and the C-phase heating tube bundle are connected in the same parallel-series manner as the A-phase heating tube bundle and will not be described in detail.

[0087] Example 4

[0088] A method for heating hydrogen using the device described in Example 1, wherein the thyristor voltage regulation system heats the heating tube bundle 7 by adjusting the heating power. The heating tube bundle 7 is heated. A high-temperature resistant spiral turbulent or a porous alumina ceramic heat storage body is provided inside the heating tube bundle 7 to increase thermal radiation and heat transfer efficiency. Low-temperature hydrogen enters the heating tube bundle 7 and flows to be heated, causing the low-temperature hydrogen to flow out after the temperature rises to 1050°C.

[0089] The above description is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by any technician familiar with this technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for direct heating of hydrogen in pure hydrogen metallurgy, characterized in that: The device comprises a heater and a thyristor voltage regulation system. The heater is provided with a plurality of connected heating tube bundles for heating hydrogen. The heating tube bundles are provided with high-temperature resistant spiral turbulents or alumina ceramic porous heat storage bodies. Hydrogen flows through the heating tube bundles to be heated. The heating tube bundles are connected to the thyristor voltage regulation system via electrodes. The thyristor voltage regulation system heats the heating tube bundles by adjusting the heating power. The heater includes a hydrogen inlet pipe, an inlet cone section, a heater body, an outlet cone section and a hydrogen outlet pipe connected in sequence. A conductive chamber is provided at one end of the heater body connected to the inlet cone section. The electrode is connected to the conductive chamber. A semi-circular tube spiral cooling water jacket is provided on the heater body shell outside the conductive chamber. The two ends of the semi-circular tube spiral cooling water jacket are respectively provided with a water jacket inlet and a water jacket return port. The heating tube bundle is connected to one end of the electrode lead copper rod through a conductive copper bar. A water cooling structure is provided on the outside of one end of the electrode lead copper rod. The water cooling structure is connected to a cooling water inlet and a cooling water return port. An insulating structure is provided on the outside of the other end of the electrode lead copper rod. The water cooling structure is welded to the outer shell of the heater body.

2. The device for direct-heating rapid electric heating of hydrogen in pure hydrogen metallurgy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heater body is a cylindrical structure, and comprises a heater body shell, a heavy anti-wear casting layer, a light heat-insulating casting layer, an aluminum silicate fiber cotton layer and a heating tube bundle from the outside to the inside.

3. The device for direct-heating rapid electric heating of hydrogen in pure hydrogen metallurgy according to claim 2, characterized in that: The heating tube bundle is an iron-chromium-aluminum alloy tube or a nickel-chromium alloy tube. The hydrogen inlet pipe is provided with a hydrogen inlet compensator, and the hydrogen outlet pipe is provided with a hydrogen outlet compensator.

4. The device for direct-heating rapid electric heating of hydrogen in pure hydrogen metallurgy according to claim 2, characterized in that: The hydrogen inlet pipe is connected to one end of the inlet cone section through the inlet pipe metal sealing flange group, and the other end of the inlet cone section is connected to one end of the heater body through the cylinder metal seal. One end of the outlet cone section is connected to the other end of the heater body through the cylinder metal seal, and the other end of the outlet cone section is connected to the hydrogen outlet pipe through the outlet pipe metal sealing flange group.

5. The device for direct-heating rapid electric heating of hydrogen in pure hydrogen metallurgy according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The heating tube bundle is connected to the inlet orifice plate, the middle orifice plate and the outlet orifice plate in sequence. The inlet orifice plate, the middle orifice plate and the outlet orifice plate are all connected to the positioning rod. The inlet orifice plate is connected to the heater body shell through the support plate.

6. The device for direct-heating rapid electric heating of hydrogen in pure hydrogen metallurgy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electrodes include an A-phase electrode, a B-phase electrode, a C-phase electrode and three N-electrodes with the same structure. The multiple heating tube bundles are divided into three parts: the A-phase heating tube bundle, the B-phase heating tube bundle and the C-phase heating tube bundle. The two heating tube bundles in the A-phase heating tube bundle are respectively connected to the A-phase electrode and the first N-electrode, the two heating tube bundles in the B-phase heating tube bundle are respectively connected to the B-phase electrode and the second N-electrode, and the two heating tube bundles in the C-phase heating tube bundle are respectively connected to the C-phase electrode and the third N-electrode. The multiple heating tube bundles in the A-phase heating tube bundle, the B-phase heating tube bundle or the C-phase heating tube bundle are connected in series or in parallel-series.

7. A device for direct-heating rapid electric heating of hydrogen in pure hydrogen metallurgy according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The heating tube bundle is a straight tube or an S-shaped tube. An inlet pressure transmitter and an inlet thermocouple are provided in the inlet cone section, and an outlet pressure transmitter and an outlet thermocouple are provided in the outlet cone section.

8. A method for heating hydrogen using the device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The thyristor voltage regulation system heats the heating tube bundle by adjusting the heating power. The heating tube bundle is provided with a high-temperature resistant spiral turbulent or an alumina ceramic porous heat storage body to increase heat radiation and heat transfer efficiency. Low-temperature hydrogen enters the heating tube bundle and flows to be heated, so that the temperature of the low-temperature hydrogen rises to 1050°C before flowing out.

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