A microscopic visualization simulation experimental device for carbon and hydrogen storage in strata and its experimental method

Abstract

The present invention provides a microscopic visualization simulation experimental device for carbon and hydrogen storage in formations and an experimental method thereof, belonging to the field of physical simulation technology. The microscopic visualization simulation experimental device for carbon and hydrogen storage in formations and the experimental method thereof include a pressure control and injection system, a fluid storage system, a microfluidic chip model, a microfluidic chip model clamping system, and an image real-time acquisition and analysis system; the fluid storage system is used for storing gases and liquids; the microfluidic chip model is used for providing a fluid action site for the gas burial process; the microfluidic chip model clamping system is used for clamping and fixing the microfluidic chip model; the image real-time acquisition and analysis system is used for collecting and processing information and recording the experimental process. The present invention can solve the problems that the core displacement device cannot observe the migration and distribution process of each fluid inside the core, the understanding of the essence of burial is unclear, the conventional visualization experimental device cannot simulate the high temperature and high pressure conditions of the real reservoir and it is difficult to carry out quantitative analysis of burial.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of physical simulation, and more particularly, relates to a microscopic visualization simulation experimental device for carbon and hydrogen storage in formations and an experimental method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, greenhouse gases mainly composed of carbon dioxide have caused a series of global environmental problems, and carbon dioxide emission reduction has become a hot topic of common concern. Carbon capture and storage (CSS) is one of the most promising solutions to reduce carbon emissions in the atmosphere and thus slow down global warming. Its core idea is to capture and separate carbon dioxide from emission sources, transport it to designated locations and store it in deep formations, thereby preventing or significantly reducing its emission into the atmosphere. Currently, the main formations suitable for carbon dioxide geological storage are depleted oil and gas reservoirs, deep saline aquifers, and unminable coal seams.

[0003] In addition to carbon capture and storage, vigorously developing the application of renewable energy to mitigate the greenhouse effect is also the current trend of global energy development. Among them, hydrogen is considered an attractive energy carrier due to its high energy per unit mass and clean combustion products. However, due to the intermittency and volatility of renewable resources, there may be a problem of mismatch between demand and supply, and intermediate energy storage can be used as a solution. But because of the low density of hydrogen, surface storage facilities cannot provide the capacity required for large-scale energy storage. Geological structures, such as abandoned oil and gas reservoirs, aquifers, and salt caverns, have been proven to be safe storage options for gases such as carbon dioxide and may also provide potential solutions for hydrogen storage.

[0004] In order to comprehensively reveal the migration laws, retention characteristics, and trapping mechanisms of carbon dioxide / hydrogen in different formations, it is necessary to establish a physical model for experiments. Currently, research on carbon and hydrogen storage in formations mainly focuses on specific reservoir types, and the methods used are still core displacement devices and conventional visualization experimental devices. The core displacement device mainly uses real cores to simulate geological reservoirs. Although it has high authenticity, it is only a macroscopic manifestation and cannot observe the migration and distribution process of each fluid inside the core, and the understanding of the essence of storage is unclear. Conventional visualization experimental devices also have problems that they cannot reproduce the high-temperature and high-pressure conditions of real reservoirs and are difficult to conduct quantitative analysis of storage. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a microscopic visualization simulation experimental device for carbon and hydrogen storage in formations and an experimental method thereof, which can solve the problems that the core displacement device cannot observe the migration and distribution process of each fluid inside the core, the understanding of the essence of storage is unclear, the conventional visualization experimental device cannot reproduce the high-temperature and high-pressure conditions of real reservoirs, and it is difficult to conduct quantitative analysis of storage.

[0006] The present invention is implemented as follows:

[0007] In a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a microscopic visualization simulation experimental device for carbon and hydrogen storage in formations, comprising a pressure control and injection system, a fluid storage system, a microfluidic chip model, a microfluidic chip model clamping system, and an image real-time acquisition and analysis system;

[0008] The fluid storage system is used to store gases and liquids;

[0009] The microfluidic chip model is used to provide a fluid action site for the gas burial process;

[0010] The microfluidic chip model clamping system is used to clamp and fix the microfluidic chip model;

[0011] The image real-time acquisition and analysis system is used to collect and process information and record the experimental process.

[0012] The technical effects of a microscopic visualization simulation experimental device for carbon and hydrogen storage in formations provided by the present invention are as follows: The gas is one of carbon dioxide and hydrogen. By establishing a microfluidic chip model, the sample consumption rate is reduced and the data analysis efficiency is improved.

[0013] On the basis of the above technical solution, a microscopic visualization simulation experimental device for carbon and hydrogen storage in formations of the present invention can also be improved as follows:

[0014] Among them, the microfluidic chip model clamping system includes a clamping chamber, an observation window, a heating wire, a first injection port, a second injection port, a first extraction port, and a second extraction port. The clamping chamber is used to fix the microfluidic chip model. The observation window is arranged on the clamping chamber. The heating wire is used to provide the temperature required for the experiment to the microfluidic chip model. The first injection port and the second injection port are connected to the outlet of the fluid storage system through pipelines. The first extraction port and the second extraction port are connected to the back pressure pump through the pipelines.

[0015] The beneficial effects of adopting the above improvement scheme are as follows: The material of the observation window is tempered glass. By setting the observation window, the experimental effect can be better observed, and at the same time, the observation safety is improved; by setting the clamping chamber, the microfluidic chip model is more stable, which is convenient for observing the experimental process.

[0016] Further, the fluid storage system includes a first intermediate container, a second intermediate container, a third intermediate container, a fourth intermediate container, a fifth intermediate container, and a sixth intermediate container, which are respectively used to store injection water, crude oil, methane gas, carbon dioxide gas, hydrogen, and simulated formation water.

[0017] The beneficial effects of adopting the above improvement scheme are as follows: By setting up an intermediate container, the safe storage of the fluid for experiments is realized.

[0018] Among them, the pressure control and injection system includes a vacuum pump, an injection pump, a confining pressure pump, a back pressure pump, and a constant pressure pump. The vacuum pump is connected to the clamping chamber through the pipeline and is used to evacuate the microfluidic chip model. The injection pump is connected to the first intermediate container, the second intermediate container, the third intermediate container, the fourth intermediate container, the fifth intermediate container, and the clamping chamber in sequence through the pipeline and is used to inject fluid into the microfluidic chip model. The confining pressure pump is connected to the clamping chamber through the pipeline to realize the confining pressure control of the microfluidic chip model. The back pressure pump is connected to the clamping chamber through the pipeline to realize the back pressure control of the microfluidic chip model. The constant pressure pump is connected to the sixth intermediate container and the clamping chamber through the pipeline and is used to inject water into the microfluidic chip model at a constant pressure.

[0019] Among them, the data acquisition and analysis system includes a computer, a pressure sensor, and a digital camera. The pressure sensors are respectively arranged on the fluid inlet pipeline and the outlet pipeline. The pressure sensors are used to record the pressure changes inside the microfluidic chip model. The computer is used to process the information collected by the pressure sensors. The pressure sensors and the digital camera are both electrically connected to the computer. The digital camera is arranged on the observation window and is used to record the experimental process.

[0020] The beneficial effects of adopting the above improvement scheme are as follows: By setting up a computer, the experimental samples are calculated and analyzed; by setting up pressure sensors, forces and non-electrical physical quantities that can be converted into forces are monitored.

[0021] Among them, the microfluidic chip model is composed of an etching layer and a cover layer, and the etching layer and the cover layer are bonded by plasma treatment.

[0022] Furthermore, an etching area is arranged on the etching layer. The etching area is composed of a first liquid inlet channel, a second liquid inlet channel, a seepage area, a diversion channel, a first liquid production channel, and a second liquid production channel. The cover layer is composed of a first liquid inlet, a second liquid inlet, a first liquid production outlet, and a second liquid production outlet. The seepage area is represented by the uniform distribution of circular particles to represent the pore throat structure of the reservoir. A diversion channel is arranged at the lower end of the seepage area for the smooth injection of fluid.

[0023] The second aspect of the present invention provides an experimental method for a microscopic visualization simulation experiment device for carbon storage and hydrogen storage in a formation. Among them, the above-mentioned microscopic visualization simulation experiment device for carbon storage and hydrogen storage in a formation is adopted, including the following steps:

[0024] S1: Fill the injection water, crude oil, methane gas, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and simulated formation water into intermediate containers respectively, and adjust the temperature of the intermediate containers to the temperature required for the experiment.

[0025] S2: Install the microfluidic chip model on the clamping chamber of the microfluidic chip model clamping system and align it with the fluid injection and production outlet.

[0026] S3: Use a vacuum pump to evacuate the microfluidic chip model and the clamping chamber.

[0027] S4: Pretreat the model to simulate the fluid distribution states of different types of reservoirs respectively.

[0028] S5: Set the back pressure for the microfluidic chip model through a back pressure pump, and use an injection pump to inject carbon dioxide / hydrogen at a pressure slightly higher than the set back pressure to simulate the carbon dioxide / hydrogen storage process.

[0029] S6: Use a pressure sensor and a digital camera to record the pressure and images during the carbon dioxide / hydrogen storage process, and stop injecting carbon dioxide / hydrogen when the fluid distribution in the model no longer changes.

[0030] S7: Analyze the migration law, retention characteristics, and trapping mechanism of carbon dioxide / hydrogen in the porous medium based on the data and images recorded by the pressure sensor and the digital camera.

[0031] Based on the above technical solutions, the experimental method of a microscopic visualization simulation experimental device for carbon and hydrogen storage in a formation of the present invention can be further improved as follows:

[0032] Further, the calculation formula for the carbon dioxide / hydrogen storage efficiency is:

[0033]

[0034] In the formula, S is the carbon dioxide / hydrogen storage efficiency, with the unit of %; N is the number of carbon dioxide / hydrogen pixels in a certain permeability region, with the unit of 1; N 总 is the total number of pixels in this region, with the unit of 1.

[0035] Further, there are multiple intermediate containers in S1. By controlling the order of the displacement fluid passing through the microfluidic chip model, the simulation of the fluid distribution states of different types of reservoirs can be realized.

[0036] The beneficial effects of a microscopic visualization simulation experiment device and its experimental method for carbon and hydrogen storage in formations provided by the present invention are as follows: This device can achieve high-temperature and high-pressure simulations under the same temperature and pressure conditions as the reservoir, and pre-treat the microfluidic chip model by injecting different types of fluids to simulate different types of geological reservoirs. Additionally, this device has a real-time image acquisition system and a data analysis system. By combining microscopic observation and quantitative analysis methods, it can essentially understand the migration law, retention characteristics, and capture mechanism during the carbon dioxide / hydrogen storage process at the pore scale, thereby providing theoretical guidance for large-scale storage implementation in engineering. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the following drawings are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0038] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of a microscopic visualization simulation experiment device for carbon and hydrogen storage in formations;

[0039] Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional view of a microfluidic model of a microscopic visualization simulation experiment device for carbon and hydrogen storage in formations;

[0040] Figure 3 It is a front view of a microfluidic chip model of a microscopic visualization simulation experiment device for carbon and hydrogen storage in formations;

[0041] Figure 4 It is a left view of a microfluidic chip model of a microscopic visualization simulation experiment device for carbon and hydrogen storage in formations;

[0042] Figure 5 It is a flowchart of an experimental method for a microscopic visualization simulation experiment device for carbon and hydrogen storage in formations;

[0043] Figure 6 It is an electrical connection diagram of a microscopic visualization simulation experiment device for carbon and hydrogen storage in formations;

[0044] In the drawings, the list of components represented by each reference numeral is as follows:

[0045] 1. Microfluidic chip model; 10. First intermediate container; 11. Second intermediate container; 12. Third intermediate container; 13. Fourth intermediate container; 14. Fifth intermediate container; 15. Sixth intermediate container; 16. Vacuum pump; 17. Syringe pump; 18. Confining pressure pump; 19. Constant pressure pump; 2. Clamping chamber; 20. Computer; 21. Pressure sensor; 22. Digital camera; 23. Pipeline; 24. Etched layer; 25. Cover layer; 26. Etching area; 27. First liquid inlet channel; 28. Second liquid inlet channel; 29. Seepage area; 3. Observation window; 30. Diversion channel; 31. First liquid production channel; 32. Second liquid production channel; 33. First liquid inlet; 34. Second liquid inlet; 35. First liquid production outlet; 36. Second liquid production outlet; 4. Heating wire; 5. First injection port; 6. Second injection port; 7. First extraction port; 8. Second extraction port; 9. Back pressure pump. Detailed implementation manners

[0046] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Apparently, the described embodiments are some but not all of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0047] Therefore, the detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed present invention, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0048] It should be noted that like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following drawings. Therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent drawings.

[0049] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc. indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

[0050] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality of" means two or more unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0051] As Figure 1-4 shown, it is the first embodiment of a microscopic visualization simulation experimental device for carbon and hydrogen storage in formation provided by the first aspect of the present invention. In this embodiment, it includes a pressure control and injection system, a fluid storage system, a microfluidic chip model 1, a microfluidic chip model clamping system, and an image real-time acquisition and analysis system;

[0052] The fluid storage system is used to store gases and liquids;

[0053] The microfluidic chip model 1 is used to provide a fluid action site for the gas burial process;

[0054] The microfluidic chip model clamping system is used to clamp and fix the microfluidic chip model;

[0055] The image real-time acquisition and analysis system is used to collect and process information and record the experimental process.

[0056] Among them, in the above technical solution, the microfluidic chip model clamping system includes a clamping chamber 2, an observation window 3, a heating wire 4, a first injection port 5, a second injection port 6, a first extraction port 7, and a second extraction port 8. The clamping chamber 2 is used to fix the microfluidic chip model 1. The observation window 3 is arranged on the clamping chamber 2. The heating wire 4 is used to provide the temperature required for the experiment to the microfluidic chip model 1. The first injection port 5 and the second injection port 6 are connected to the outlet of the fluid storage system through a pipeline 23. The first extraction port 7 and the second extraction port 8 are connected to a back pressure pump 9 through a pipeline 23.

[0057] Among them, the heating wire 4 can be a high-temperature heating wire with a material model of OCR25AL5 produced by Taizhou Shuntai Electric Heating Materials Co., Ltd.; the back pressure pump 9 can be an electric pressure test pump with a model of 4DSY produced by Taizhou Juhuan Lifting Protection Equipment Co., Ltd.

[0058] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the fluid storage system includes a first intermediate container 10, a second intermediate container 11, a third intermediate container 12, a fourth intermediate container 13, a fifth intermediate container 14, and a sixth intermediate container 15, which are respectively used to store injection water, crude oil, methane gas, carbon dioxide gas, hydrogen, and simulated formation water.

[0059] Among them, in the above technical solution, the pressure control and injection system includes a vacuum pump 16, an injection pump 17, a confining pressure pump 18, a back pressure pump 9, and a constant pressure pump 19. The vacuum pump 16 is connected to the clamping chamber 2 through a pipeline 23 and is used to evacuate the microfluidic chip model 1. The injection pump 17 is sequentially connected to a first intermediate container 10, a second intermediate container 11, a third intermediate container 12, a fourth intermediate container 13, a fifth intermediate container 14, and the clamping chamber 2 through the pipeline 23 and is used to inject fluid into the microfluidic chip model 1. The confining pressure pump 18 is connected to the clamping chamber 2 through the pipeline 23 to achieve confining pressure control of the microfluidic chip model 1. The back pressure pump 9 is connected to the clamping chamber 2 through the pipeline 23 to achieve back pressure control of the microfluidic chip model 1. The constant pressure pump 19 is connected to a sixth intermediate container 15 and the clamping chamber 2 through the pipeline 23 to achieve constant pressure water injection into the microfluidic chip model 1.

[0060] Among them, the vacuum pump 16 can be a vacuum pump of model V-i280SV produced by Liaoning Dahua Refrigeration Equipment Co., Ltd.; the injection pump 17 can be an injection pump of model LSP01-2A produced by Baoding Longer Precision Pump Co., Ltd.; the confining pressure pump 18 can be a confining pressure pump of model TSZ10-01 produced by Xianxian Tianjian Instrument Co., Ltd.; the constant pressure pump 19 can be a constant pressure pump of model CDLF12-110 produced by Wenzhou Weiwang Pump Valve Manufacturing Co., Ltd.

[0061] Among them, as Figure 6 shown, in the above technical solution, the data acquisition and analysis system includes a computer 20, a pressure sensor 21, and a digital camera 22. The pressure sensor 21 is respectively arranged on the fluid inlet pipeline and the outlet pipeline. The pressure sensor 21 is used to record the pressure change inside the microfluidic chip model 1. The computer 20 is used to process the information collected by the pressure sensor 21. The pressure sensor 21 and the digital camera 22 are both electrically connected to the computer 20. The digital camera is arranged on the observation window 3 and is used to record the experimental process.

[0062] Among them, the computer 20 is a general computer; the pressure sensor 21 can be a pressure sensor of model KS-N-E-E produced by Shanghai Omou Electronic Technology Co., Ltd.; the digital camera 22 can be a Canon EOS-1D X Mark II.

[0063] Among them, in the above technical solution, the microfluidic chip model 1 is composed of an etching layer 24 and a cover layer 25, and the etching layer 24 and the cover layer 25 are bonded by plasma treatment.

[0064] Further, in the above technical solution, an etching area 26 is provided on the etching layer 24. The etching area 26 is composed of a first liquid inlet channel 27, a second liquid inlet channel 28, a seepage area 29, a diversion channel 30, a first liquid production channel 31, and a second liquid production channel 32. The cover layer 25 is composed of a first liquid inlet 33, a second liquid inlet 34, a first liquid production outlet 35, and a second liquid production outlet 36. The seepage area 29 is represented by the uniform distribution of circular particles to represent the pore throat structure of the reservoir. A diversion channel is provided at the lower end of the seepage area 29 for the stable injection of fluid.

[0065] As Figure 5 shown, it is a flowchart of an experimental method for a microscopic visualization simulation experiment device for carbon and hydrogen storage in a formation provided by the second aspect of the present invention. Using the above-mentioned microscopic visualization simulation experiment device for carbon and hydrogen storage in a formation, the method includes the following steps:

[0066] S1: Fill the injection water, crude oil, methane gas, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and simulated formation water into the intermediate containers respectively, and adjust the temperature of the intermediate containers to the temperature required for the experiment.

[0067] S2: Install the microfluidic chip model on the clamping chamber of the microfluidic chip model clamping system and align it with the fluid injection and production outlets.

[0068] S3: Use a vacuum pump to evacuate the microfluidic chip model and the addition chamber.

[0069] S4: Preprocess the model to simulate the fluid distribution states of different types of reservoirs respectively

[0070] S5: Set the back pressure on the microfluidic chip model through a back pressure pump, and use an injection pump to inject carbon dioxide / hydrogen at a pressure slightly higher than the set back pressure to simulate the carbon dioxide / hydrogen storage process.

[0071] S6: Use a pressure sensor and a digital camera to record the pressure and images during the carbon dioxide / hydrogen storage process, and stop injecting carbon dioxide / hydrogen when the fluid distribution in the model no longer changes.

[0072] S7: Analyze the migration law, retention characteristics, and trapping mechanism of carbon dioxide / hydrogen in the porous medium using the data and images recorded by the pressure sensor and the digital camera.

[0073] Further, in the above technical solution, the calculation formula for the carbon dioxide / hydrogen storage efficiency is:

[0074]

[0075] In the formula, S is the carbon dioxide / hydrogen storage efficiency, with the unit of %; N is the number of carbon dioxide / hydrogen pixels in a certain permeability region, with the unit of 1; N 总is the total number of pixels in this area, with the unit of 1.

[0076] Further, in the above technical solution, there are multiple intermediate containers in S1. By controlling the order of the displacement fluid passing through the microfluidic chip model, the simulation of the distribution states of different types of reservoir fluids can be realized.

[0077] Example 1:

[0078] The first embodiment of a microscopic visualization simulation experimental device and its experimental method for carbon and hydrogen storage in formations provided by the present invention takes the simulation of a pure brine layer as an example, and includes the following steps:

[0079] Step 1: Fill the injection water into the first intermediate container 10, fill carbon dioxide gas into the fourth intermediate container 13, fill hydrogen gas into the fifth intermediate container 14, and adjust the temperature of the intermediate containers to the temperature required for the experiment.

[0080] Step 2: Install the microfluidic chip model 1 on the clamping chamber 2 and align it with the first injection port 5 and the first production port 7.

[0081] Step 3: Use a vacuum pump 16 to evacuate the microfluidic chip model 1.

[0082] Step 4: Use an injection pump 17 to saturate the microfluidic chip model 1 with water. At the same time, according to the pressure required for the experiment, use a confining pressure pump 18 to increase the confining pressure on the microfluidic chip model 1, and use a heating wire 4 to heat it to the temperature required for the experiment; use a digital camera 22 to record the images during the injection process of the injection water, and stop injecting when the distribution of the injection water no longer changes.

[0083] Step 5: Use an injection pump 17 to inject carbon dioxide / hydrogen into the microfluidic chip model 1 to simulate the process of carbon dioxide / hydrogen storage. At the same time, use a pressure sensor 21 and a digital camera 22 to record the pressure and images during the process of carbon dioxide / hydrogen storage. Stop injecting carbon dioxide / hydrogen when the injection water in the model no longer decreases.

[0084] Step 6: Analyze the migration law, retention characteristics and trapping mechanism of carbon dioxide / hydrogen in the porous medium by using the data and images recorded by the pressure sensor 21 and the digital camera 22. The calculation formula for the carbon dioxide / hydrogen storage efficiency is:

[0085]

[0086] In the formula, S is the carbon dioxide / hydrogen storage efficiency, with the unit of %; N is the number of carbon dioxide / hydrogen pixels in a certain permeability area, with the unit of 1; N 总 is the total number of pixels in this area, with the unit of 1.

[0087] Example 2:

[0088] The second embodiment of a microscopic visualization simulation experimental device and its experimental method for carbon and hydrogen storage in formations provided by the present invention, taking a depleted oil reservoir as an example, includes the following steps:

[0089] Step 1: Fill formation water into the first intermediate container 10, crude oil into the second intermediate container 11, carbon dioxide gas into the fourth intermediate container 13, and hydrogen into the fifth intermediate container 14, and adjust the temperature of the intermediate containers to the temperature required for the experiment.

[0090] Step 2: Install the microfluidic chip model 1 on the clamping chamber 2 and align it with the first injection port 5 and the first production outlet 7.

[0091] Step 3: Use a vacuum pump 16 to evacuate the microfluidic chip model 1.

[0092] Step 4: Use an injection pump 17 to saturate the microfluidic chip model 1 with crude oil. At the same time, according to the pressure required for the experiment, use a confining pressure pump 18 to increase the confining pressure on the microfluidic chip model 1, and use a heating wire 4 to heat it to the temperature required for the experiment; use a digital camera 22 to record the images during the crude oil injection process, and stop the injection when the crude oil distribution no longer changes. Let the crude oil age in the microfluidic chip model 1 for 24 hours.

[0093] Step 5: Use an injection pump 17 to inject water into the microfluidic chip model 1 to simulate the water flooding production of the oil reservoir. At the same time, use a pressure sensor 21 and a digital camera 22 to record the pressure and images during the injection of the injected water. Stop the injection when the crude oil in the model no longer decreases, simulating the fluid distribution state of a depleted oil reservoir.

[0094] Step 6: Use an injection pump 17 to inject carbon dioxide / hydrogen into the microfluidic chip model 1 to simulate the carbon dioxide / hydrogen sequestration process in a depleted oil reservoir. At the same time, use a pressure sensor 21 and a digital camera 22 to record the pressure and images during the injection process, and stop the injection when the injected water in the model no longer decreases.

[0095] Step 7: Analyze the migration law, retention characteristics and trapping mechanism of carbon dioxide / hydrogen in the porous medium using the data and images recorded by the pressure sensor 21 and the digital camera 22. The calculation formula for the carbon dioxide / hydrogen sequestration efficiency is;

[0096]

[0097] In the formula, S is the carbon dioxide / hydrogen sequestration efficiency, with the unit of %; N is the number of carbon dioxide / hydrogen pixels in a certain permeability region, with the unit of 1; N 总 is the total number of pixels in this region, with the unit of 1.

[0098] Example Three:

[0099] The third embodiment of a microscopic visualization simulation experimental device and its experimental method for carbon and hydrogen storage in formations provided by the present invention, taking the simulation of an abandoned gas reservoir with bottom water as an example, includes the following steps:

[0100] Step 1: Fill the injection water into the first intermediate container 10, methane gas into the third intermediate container 12, carbon dioxide gas into the fourth intermediate container 13, hydrogen gas into the fifth intermediate container 14, and simulated formation water into the sixth intermediate container 15, and adjust the temperature of the intermediate containers to the temperature required for the experiment.

[0101] Step 2: Install the microfluidic chip model 1 on the clamping chamber 2 and align it with the second injection port 6 and the second production port 8.

[0102] Step 3: Use the vacuum pump 16 to evacuate the microfluidic chip model 1 and the holding chamber 2.

[0103] Step 4: Use the syringe pump 17 to inject methane gas into the microfluidic chip model 1 for saturated gas operation. At the same time, increase the confining pressure on the microfluidic chip model 1 using the confining pressure pump 18 according to the pressure required for the experiment, and heat it to the temperature required for the experiment using the heating wire 4.

[0104] Step 5: Set the back pressure on the microfluidic chip model 1 through the back pressure pump 9. Use the constant pressure pump 19 to inject simulated formation water into the microfluidic chip model 1 at a constant pressure from the second injection port 6. The methane gas is produced from the second production port 8 through the pipeline. At the same time, image acquisition is carried out. When the methane gas in the model no longer decreases, stop injecting the simulated formation water to simulate the depletion exploitation of a gas reservoir with bottom water.

[0105] Step 6: Use the syringe pump 17 to inject carbon dioxide / hydrogen into the microfluidic chip model 1 from the second injection port 6 to simulate the carbon dioxide / hydrogen storage process in the abandoned gas reservoir. At the same time, use the pressure sensor 21 and the digital camera 22 to record the pressure and images during the carbon dioxide / hydrogen storage process. When the simulated formation water in the model no longer changes, stop injecting carbon dioxide / hydrogen.

[0106] Step 7: Analyze the migration law, retention characteristics, and trapping mechanism of carbon dioxide / hydrogen in the porous medium using the data and images recorded by the pressure sensor 21 and the digital camera 22. The calculation formula for the carbon dioxide / hydrogen storage efficiency is:

[0107]

[0108] In the formula, S is the carbon dioxide / hydrogen storage efficiency, with the unit of %; N is the number of carbon dioxide / hydrogen pixels in a certain permeability region, with the unit of 1; N 总 is the total number of pixels in this region, with the unit of 1.

[0109] As described above, it is only the specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention can easily think of changes or substitutions, which should all be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A microscopic visualization simulation experimental device for carbon and hydrogen storage in formation, comprising a pressure control and injection system, a fluid storage system, a microfluidic chip model (1), a microfluidic chip model clamping system, and an image real-time acquisition and analysis system; The fluid storage system is used to store gases and liquids; The microfluidic chip model (1) is used to provide a fluid action site for the gas burial process; The microfluidic chip model clamping system is used to clamp and fix the microfluidic chip model (1); The image real-time acquisition and analysis system is used to collect and process information and record the experimental process; The microfluidic chip model clamping system includes a clamping chamber (2), an observation window (3), a heating wire (4), a first injection port (5), a second injection port (6), a first extraction port (7), and a second extraction port (8). The clamping chamber (2) is used to fix the microfluidic chip model (1). The observation window (3) is arranged on the clamping chamber (2). The heating wire (4) is used to provide the temperature required for the experiment to the microfluidic chip model (1). The first injection port (5) and the second injection port (6) are connected to the outlet of the fluid storage system through pipelines (23). The first extraction port (7) and the second extraction port (8) are connected to a back pressure pump (9) through the pipelines (23); The fluid storage system includes a first intermediate container (10), a second intermediate container (11), a third intermediate container (12), a fourth intermediate container (13), a fifth intermediate container (14), and a sixth intermediate container (15), which are respectively used to store injection water, crude oil, methane gas, carbon dioxide gas, hydrogen, and simulated formation water; The data acquisition and analysis system includes a computer (20), a pressure sensor (21), and a digital camera (22). The pressure sensor (21) is respectively arranged on the fluid inlet pipeline and the outlet pipeline. The pressure sensor (21) is used to record the pressure change inside the microfluidic chip model (1). The computer (20) is used to process the information collected by the pressure sensor (21). The pressure sensor (21) and the digital camera (22) are both electrically connected to the computer (20). The digital camera (22) is arranged on the observation window (3). The digital camera (22) is used to record the experimental process.

2. A microscopic visualization simulation experimental device for carbon and hydrogen storage in formation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure control and injection system includes a vacuum pump (16), an injection pump (17), an overpressure pump (18), a backpressure pump (9) and a constant pressure pump (19). The vacuum pump (16) is connected to the clamping chamber (2) through the pipeline (23) and is used to evacuate the microfluidic chip model (1). The injection pump (17) is sequentially connected to a first intermediate container (10), a second intermediate container (11), a third intermediate container (12), a fourth intermediate container (13), a fifth intermediate container (14) and the clamping chamber (2) through the pipeline (23) and is used to inject fluid into the microfluidic chip model (1). The overpressure pump (18) is connected to the clamping chamber (2) through the pipeline (23) to achieve overpressure control of the microfluidic chip model (1). The backpressure pump (9) is connected to the clamping chamber (2) through the pipeline (23) to achieve backpressure control of the microfluidic chip model (1). The constant pressure pump (19) is connected to a sixth intermediate container (15) and the clamping chamber (2) through the pipeline (23) and is used to inject water at a constant pressure into the microfluidic chip model (1).

3. The microcosmic visualization simulation experimental device for formation carbon storage and hydrogen storage according to claim 1, characterized in that, the microfluidic chip model (1) is composed of an etching layer (24) and a cover layer (25), and the etching layer (24) and the cover layer (25) are bonded by plasma treatment.

4. The microcosmic visualization simulation experimental device for formation carbon storage and hydrogen storage according to claim 3, characterized in that, an etching area (26) is arranged on the etching layer (24), and the etching area (26) is composed of a first liquid inlet channel (27), a second liquid inlet channel (28), a seepage area (29), a diversion channel (30), a first liquid production channel (31) and a second liquid production channel (32). The cover layer (25) is composed of a first liquid inlet (33), a second liquid inlet (34), a first liquid production outlet (35) and a second liquid production outlet (36). The seepage area (29) is represented by a uniform distribution of circular particles to represent the pore throat structure of the reservoir. A diversion channel is arranged at the lower end of the seepage area (29) for stable injection of fluid.

5. An experimental method for the microcosmic visualization simulation experimental device for formation carbon storage and hydrogen storage, characterized in that, using the microcosmic visualization simulation experimental device for formation carbon storage and hydrogen storage according to claim 4, including the following steps: S1: Fill crude oil, formation water, methane gas, carbon dioxide and hydrogen into intermediate containers respectively, and adjust the temperature of the intermediate containers to the temperature required for the experiment; S2, Install the microfluidic chip model on the clamping chamber of the microfluidic chip model clamping system and align it with the fluid injection and production outlet; S3, Use the vacuum pump to evacuate the microfluidic chip model and the clamping chamber; S4, Pretreat the model to simulate the fluid distribution states of different types of reservoirs respectively; S5. Set backpressure on the microfluidic chip model using a backpressure pump, and inject carbon dioxide / hydrogen using an injection pump at a pressure slightly higher than the set backpressure to simulate the carbon dioxide / hydrogen sequestration process; S6. Use a pressure sensor and a digital camera to record the pressure and images during the carbon dioxide / hydrogen sequestration process, and stop injecting carbon dioxide / hydrogen when the fluid distribution in the model no longer changes; S7. Analyze the migration law, retention characteristics and trapping mechanism of carbon dioxide / hydrogen in the porous medium using the data and images recorded by the pressure sensor and the digital camera.

6. The experimental method of a microscopic visualization simulation experimental device for carbon and hydrogen storage in formation according to claim 5, characterized in that, The calculation formula for the carbon dioxide / hydrogen sequestration efficiency is: ； In the formula, is the carbon dioxide / hydrogen storage efficiency, with the unit of %; is the number of carbon dioxide / hydrogen pixels in a certain permeability region, with the unit of 1; is the total number of pixels in this region, with the unit of 1.

7. The experimental method of a microscopic visualization simulation experimental device for carbon and hydrogen storage in formation according to claim 6, characterized in that, There are multiple intermediate containers in S1. By controlling the order of the displacement fluid passing through the microfluidic chip model, the simulation of the fluid distribution states of different types of reservoirs can be achieved.

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