A remote meteorological monitoring system based on a Beidou RDSS protocol

Abstract

The application provides a remote meteorological monitoring system based on a Beidou RDSS protocol, comprising a power module, a communication module, a meteorological instrument module, an AD acquisition module, an embedded control module and a comprehensive electric control box. A hybrid energy scheme of photovoltaic + battery energy storage is adopted to provide continuous and stable power supply; meanwhile, a transmission control method based on the Beidou RDSS protocol is adopted to provide a relatively real-time communication means, realize timely feedback of meteorological data of the station and state information of the meteorological station equipment; the hardware part adopts a modular design method, an integrated structure design and a self-defined electrical connector design, and effectively integrates each functional component of the meteorological station in a highly closed comprehensive electric control box, thereby effectively ensuring that the meteorological station can continuously work in a harsh natural environment.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of meteorological monitoring equipment, and particularly relates to a remote meteorological monitoring system based on a Beidou RDSS protocol. BACKGROUND

[0002] There are excellent astronomical observatories for observing in the terahertz band in the hinterland of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. There are rich molecular rotational lines and atomic fine structure lines in the terahertz band, which are effective means for studying astrophysical directions such as galaxy and star formation. However, due to the influence of water vapor in the atmosphere, part of the spectral line information will be absorbed by the atmosphere, so the prerequisite for establishing a ground-based terahertz telescope is to observe the meteorological parameters near the candidate site in a long time scale, obtain meteorological monitoring data, and carefully evaluate and comprehensively consider. The candidate sites are mostly located in "uninhabited areas", lacking necessary power and communication facilities, and the candidate sites are geographically dispersed from each other, which brings great difficulties to the task of obtaining meteorological data near the candidate sites and challenges to the site selection work. SUMMARY

[0003] The application provides a remote meteorological monitoring system based on a Beidou RDSS protocol.

[0004] The application provides a remote meteorological monitoring system based on a Beidou RDSS protocol, which comprises a power module, a communication module, a meteorological instrument module, an AD acquisition module, an embedded control module and a comprehensive electric control box.

[0005] The power module is used for providing power supply for the communication module, the meteorological instrument module, the AD acquisition module and the embedded control module.

[0006] The communication module is used for providing the communication function of remote monitoring and data transmission in the satellite coverage range for the meteorological station.

[0007] The meteorological instrument module is used for measuring and outputting meteorological parameters; the meteorological parameters comprise temperature, relative humidity, pressure, wind speed, wind direction, rainfall and irradiance.

[0008] The AD acquisition module is used for acquiring the hardware state information in the running process of the power module, the communication module, the meteorological instrument module and the embedded control module.

[0009] The embedded control module is electrically connected with the communication module, the meteorological instrument module and the AD acquisition module, and is used for controlling the running of the communication module, the meteorological instrument module and the AD acquisition module.

[0010] The comprehensive electric control box is used for placing the AD acquisition module and the embedded control module, and provides the electrical interfaces of the power supply module, the communication module, the meteorological instrument module, the AD acquisition module and the embedded control module.

[0011] Further, the power supply module comprises a photovoltaic solar panel, a battery, a wind-solar complementary controller and a power supply distribution unit.

[0012] The output interface of the photovoltaic solar panel is connected with the photovoltaic input interface of the wind-solar complementary controller; the battery power supply interface is connected with the battery input interface of the wind-solar complementary controller; and the power supply output interface of the wind-solar complementary controller is connected with the input interface of the power supply distribution unit.

[0013] The power supply distribution unit comprises a DC-DC direct current voltage conversion and distribution circuit, and provides 5V, 12V and 24V direct current voltage output interfaces and a voltage monitoring output interface of the power supply output.

[0014] Further, the communication module comprises a Beidou communication terminal module RDSS201 and a wireless local area network device.

[0015] The power supply interface of the Beidou communication terminal module RDSS201 is connected with the 12V output interface of the power supply distribution unit; and the control transmission signal line of the Beidou communication terminal module RDSS201 is connected with the bus control interface of the embedded control module through a standard serial interface RS232.

[0016] The wireless local area network device comprises a switch and a wireless bridge; the power supply interface of the switch is connected with the 24V output interface of the power supply distribution unit; the LAN interface of the switch is connected with the RJ45 LAN interface of the embedded control module; and the LAN interface of the wireless bridge is connected with an output LAN port of the switch, and obtains the 12V power supply input from the switch through a POE mode.

[0017] Further, the power supply interface of the meteorological instrument module is connected with the 12V output interface of the power supply distribution unit, and the control transmission interface is connected with the bus control interface of the embedded control module through a standard serial interface RS485; the embedded control module controls the meteorological instrument module to output meteorological parameters at the fastest update frequency of 1Hz through a Modbus communication protocol.

[0018] The peak power of the meteorological instrument module is not more than 2w, the temperature measurement range is -40°-50°, the relative humidity measurement range is 0-100%RH, the pressure measurement range is 300-1000hpa, the wind speed measurement range is 0-60m / s, the wind direction output range is 0-360°, the rainfall measurement range is 0-200mm / h, and the radiation measurement range is 0-100klux.

[0019] Further, the embedded control module comprises an RJ45 interface, a USB interface, an HDMI interface, an I 2 C interface and a 5V power input interface.

[0020] Further, the AD acquisition module comprises two 16-bit ADC control chips ADS1115 and an ADC control chip control circuit.

[0021] The input SCL pin of the ADC control chip ADS1115 is connected to the 32KHz pin output by the clock chip DS3231 to obtain a clock signal.

[0022] The AD acquisition module comprises five analog input ports for monitoring battery voltage, battery current, battery temperature, load current of power supply output of the wind-solar complementary controller and temperature of the power supply distribution unit board, respectively; wherein the first analog input port of the AD acquisition module is connected in parallel with the battery input interface of the wind-solar complementary controller in the power supply distribution unit; the second analog input port of the AD acquisition module is connected in parallel between VIOUT and GND of the Hall sensor ACS724 in the battery input line of the wind-solar complementary controller; the third analog input port of the AD acquisition module is connected to the analog output of the temperature sensor AD590; the fourth analog input port of the AD acquisition module is connected in parallel between VIOUT and GND of the Hall sensor ACS724 in the power supply output line of the wind-solar complementary controller; and the fifth analog input port of the AD acquisition module is connected to the analog output of the temperature sensor AD590 on the power supply distribution unit board.

[0023] The AD acquisition module is connected to the I 2 C interface of the embedded control module through an I 2 C interface; wherein the SCL and SDA pins of the two ADC control chips ADS1115 in the AD acquisition module are respectively connected to the SCL and SDA pins in the I 2 C interface of the embedded control module; the ADDR pin of one of the ADC control chips ADS1115 is connected to GND to set the I 2 C address of the ADC control chip ADS1115 as 0x90 write and 0x91 read; AIN0, AIN1, AIN2 and AIN3 of the ADC control chip ADS1115 are respectively connected to the first analog input port, the second analog input port, the third analog input port and the fourth analog input port; the ADDR pin of the other ADC control chip ADS1115 is connected to VDD to set the I 2C Address 0x92 write, 0x93 read, another piece of ADC control chip ADS1115 AIN0 connected to the fifth analog input port.

[0024] Further, the embedded control module controls the readout process of the AD acquisition module includes:

[0025] Step 101, by running in the embedded control module (5) in the program to start I 2 C bus, respectively to the AD acquisition module (4) send write address data 0x90, address pointer register byte data 0x01, configuration data 0xC383, configuration multiplexer AINP = AIN0, AINN = GND, range is ± 4.096V, other control bits for the default value of ADC control chip ADS1115, then close I 2 C bus to achieve the control mode settings of ADC control chip ADS1115;

[0026] Step 102, start I 2 C bus, respectively to the AD acquisition module (4) send write address data 0x90, address pointer register byte data 0x00, then close the bus; again start I 2 C bus, respectively to the AD acquisition module (4) send read address data 0x91, read two bytes of data on the SDA bus after closing I 2 C bus, thus obtaining the first channel of the sampling readout decimal data raw, according to data = raw * 4.096 / 32768V to obtain the first channel input voltage value data1 = data;

[0027] Step 103, update the configuration data to 0xD383, configuration multiplexer AINP = AIN1, AINN = GND, range is ± 4.096V, other control bits for the default value of ADC control chip ADS1115, repeat step 101 and 102, obtain the second channel input voltage value data2;

[0028] Step 104, update the configuration data to 0xE383, configuration multiplexer AINP = AIN2, AINN = GND, range is ± 4.096V, other control bits for the default value of ADC control chip ADS1115, repeat step 101 and 102, obtain the third channel input voltage value data3;

[0029] Step 105, update the configuration data to 0xF383, configure the multiplexer AINP=AIN3, AINN=GND, the range is ±4.096V, and other control bits are the default values of the ADC control chip ADS1115, repeat steps 101 and 102 to obtain the input voltage value data4 of the fourth channel;

[0030] Step 106, start I 2 C bus, send write address data 0x92, address pointer register byte data 0x01, configuration data 0xC383 to the AD acquisition module (4) respectively, configure the multiplexer AINP=AIN0, AINN=GND, the range is ±4.096V, and other control bits are the default values of the ADC control chip ADS1115, and then close I 2 C bus to achieve the control mode setting of the ADC control chip ADS1115;

[0031] Step 107, start I 2 C bus, send write address data 0x92, address pointer register byte data 0x00 to the AD acquisition module (4) respectively, and then close I 2 C bus; start I 2 C bus again, send read address data 0x93 to the AD acquisition module (4) respectively, read two bytes of data on the SDA bus, and then close I 2 C bus, thereby obtaining the sampling readout decimal data raw of the fifth channel, and obtaining the input voltage value data5=data of the fifth channel according to data=raw*4.096 / 32768V;

[0032] Step 108, loop steps 101 to 107 to sequentially obtain the latest input voltage values of the five channels.

[0033] Further, the embedded control module further comprises a fan output control port FAN_CTR; the fan output control port FAN_CTR is electrically connected with a 5V fan; the embedded control module adjusts the fan speed by adjusting the output voltage value of the fan output control port FAN_CTR to realize temperature control of the embedded control module.

[0034] Further, the embedded control module runs a data transmission program and a remote monitoring program; the data transmission program includes general data encoding and packaging based on Beidou short message, data sending, and decoding, unpacking and reorganization after data receiving; the remote monitoring program includes RDSS device state setting and state reading, and meteorological station operation control based on RDSS transmission protocol;

[0035] The general data coding and packaging based on the Beidou short message refers to data segmentation of any type of source data, escape data processing of special character data, and packaging of the source data into a format suitable for the Beidou short message platform according to the protocol format of the Beidou short message platform.

[0036] The Beidou short message data sending includes two parts: 1) generating sending instruction data according to the Beidou short message platform sending protocol; and 2) outputting the instruction data to the Beidou short message platform through a serial port protocol to realize actual sending of the short message.

[0037] Further, the power module (1) calculates the residual power and the proportion of the total power when the measured terminal voltage U j is less than or equal to the preset threshold value.

[0038] The average current of the weather station is calculated according to the following formula:

[0039]

[0040] I a The average current of the weather station is calculated according to the following formula: n I i The power module current value measured for the nth time is denoted as I(n). i

[0041] The released energy of the power module from full power to non-working is calculated according to the following formula:

[0042]

[0043] G The released energy of the power module from full power to non-working is calculated according to the following formula: U i The power module voltage value measured for the nth time is denoted as V(n). i I i+1 The power module current value measured for the first time is denoted as I(1). i+

[0044] The discharge curve of the power module voltage over time and the discharge curve of the power module current over time are obtained.

[0045] The discharge curve closest to U j and I a is selected, and the corresponding time scale U j is calculated.​​​​​​​​t j to the end of the discharge process t e process, the area S swept by the discharge curve of the voltage over time along the time axis over time;

[0046] The product S of the area S and the average current of the meteorological station working I a As the total remaining power of the power module, the proportion of the remaining power is S I a / G .

[0047] The application provides a remote meteorological monitoring system based on a Beidou RDSS protocol, adopts a hybrid energy scheme of photovoltaic+cell energy storage, and can provide a continuous and stable power supply; simultaneously, a transmission control method based on the Beidou RDSS protocol is adopted, a relatively real-time communication means is provided, timely feedback of meteorological data of a station and state information of a meteorological station equipment is realized; a modular design method, an integrated structure design and a self-defined electrical connector design are adopted in the hardware part, and various functional components of the meteorological station are effectively integrated in a highly closed comprehensive electric control box, so that the meteorological station can continuously work in a harsh natural environment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0048] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly introduced as follows, and obviously, other drawings can also be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor on the premise of not paying creative labor.

[0049] Figure 1 A structural schematic diagram of a remote meteorological monitoring system based on a Beidou RDSS protocol provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0050] Figure 2 A hardware block diagram of a remote meteorological monitoring system based on a Beidou RDSS protocol provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0051] Figure 3 A hardware block diagram of a remote meteorological monitoring system based on a Beidou RDSS protocol provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0052] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of a comprehensive electric control box provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0053] Figure 5 A definition diagram of a self-defined K1-12 connector provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0054] Figure 6 A definition diagram of a self-defined GX12-5 connector provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0055] Figure 7 A custom joint WS20-2 definition graph provided for an embodiment of the present application;

[0056] Figure 8 A custom joint WS20-3 definition graph provided for an embodiment of the present application;

[0057] Figure 9 A custom joint XS12-4 definition graph provided for an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0058] With reference to the drawings, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described in the following. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, instead of all the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments of the present application, all the other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort belong to the scope of the present application.

[0059] From the technical approach, the environmental parameters of the candidate observatory site are evaluated in sequence, which requires uninterrupted collection of meteorological monitoring data near the candidate site, real-time return and timely evaluation. The feasible technical means can only be satellite communication. Considering that the real-time requirement of the meteorological data of the candidate site is not high, and the data volume of the meteorological data is relatively small, the Beidou satellite navigation system independently constructed by China can also provide RDSS-DTU short message service. For ordinary users, the short message sending time interval of Beidou No. 2 is 60 s, and the maximum data supported by each message is not more than 80 bytes (different commercial short message platforms have slight differences), and the price is also much lower than that of the maritime satellite and Iridium satellite communication. This way can meet the backhaul of observation data and remote control tasks at a low cost. With the formal operation of Beidou No. 3 global satellite navigation system, the short message communication capacity has also been upgraded. Compared with Beidou No. 2, the RDSS-DTU short message service provided by Beidou No. 3 has expanded the data of each message to 1750 bytes in the regional range, which can adapt to the growth and change of the future observatory observation data volume. Therefore, it is feasible to use Beidou RDSS protocol as the communication mode of the unattended meteorological station, which has a very high cost performance. On the other hand, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region is rich in solar energy resources, and the photovoltaic + energy storage battery scheme can be used. During the day, photovoltaic power generation not only improves the necessary power supply of the meteorological station, but also the excess energy can be stored through battery charging. At night, the battery power supply is switched to continue to maintain the normal operation of the meteorological station. In this way, the problem of power supply for the normal operation of the meteorological station can be solved.

[0060] As Figure 1As shown, the embodiment of the present application provides a remote weather monitoring system based on the Beidou RDSS protocol, which comprises a power module 1, a communication module 2, a weather instrument module 3, an AD acquisition module 4, an embedded control module 5 and a comprehensive electric control box 6.

[0061] The power module 1 is used to provide power supply for the communication module 2, the weather instrument module 3, the AD acquisition module 4 and the embedded control module 5.

[0062] The power module 1 provides uninterrupted power supply for the weather station and its related equipment. The power module 1 comprises a photovoltaic solar panel, a battery, a wind-solar complementary controller and a power distribution unit, which can supply power to the weather station power module 1 and charge the battery when the sun has sufficient irradiance, and adjust the battery to supply power to the weather station when the irradiance is insufficient.

[0063] In terms of electrical connection, as shown, Figure 2 the output interface of the photovoltaic solar panel is connected to the photovoltaic input interface of the wind-solar complementary controller; the battery power supply interface is connected to the battery input interface of the wind-solar complementary controller; the power supply output interface of the wind-solar complementary controller is connected to the input interface of the power distribution unit. The power distribution unit comprises a DC-DC direct current voltage conversion and distribution circuit, which provides 5V, 12V and 24V direct current voltage output interfaces and power supply output voltage monitoring output interfaces, and can support the supply demand of 1.2 times the peak power of all electrical equipment of the weather station.

[0064] For example, according to the estimated peak power of the weather station, which is about 30W, considering that the average sunlight time in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region is about 8.5h, in order to ensure the continuous operation of the weather station, the maximum power supply of the photovoltaic solar cell panel is selected to be 90W. The output voltage of the photovoltaic solar cell panel varies between 12V and 18V with the light intensity; preferably, in order to adapt to the high-altitude cold climate conditions in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region, the low-temperature resistant gel battery is selected as the charging battery, and the battery capacity is selected to be 12V 38AH; in order to realize the monitoring of the battery temperature, a temperature sensor AD590 is arranged around the internal cell of the gel battery. The temperature analog output of the temperature sensor AD590 is connected to the third analog input port of the AD acquisition module 4. The wind-solar complementary controller is not limited to the HH-N10s model, but must realize 1) regulating the direct current input when the solar cell panel generates electricity to ensure that the output direct current voltage of the power supply output end is stable; 2) during the charging process of the battery, the charging stage of the battery is judged according to the real-time voltage value of the two ends of the charging battery, and the charging voltage is automatically adjusted.

[0065] The communication module 2 is used to provide remote monitoring and data transmission communication functions within the Beidou GEO satellite coverage range for the weather station. As shown, Figure 4As shown, the communication module 2 includes a Beidou communication terminal module RDSS 201 and a wireless LAN device; the Beidou communication terminal module RDSS 201 has the functions of sending and receiving Beidou short messages, autonomous positioning and timing.

[0066] The power supply interface of the Beidou communication terminal module RDSS 201 is connected to the power supply distribution unit 12V output interface; the Beidou communication terminal module RDSS 201 is controlled by the embedded control module 5, and the control transmission signal line of the Beidou communication terminal module RDSS 201 is connected to the bus control interface of the embedded control module 5 through a standard serial interface RS232.

[0067] The wireless LAN device includes a 100M switch and a wireless bridge; the power supply interface of the switch is connected to the power supply distribution unit 24V output interface; the LAN interface of the switch is connected to the RJ45 LAN interface of the embedded control module 5; the LAN interface of the wireless bridge is connected to an output LAN port of the switch, and obtains a 12V power supply input from the switch through a POE (Power Over Ethernet) mode.

[0068] For example, the Beidou communication terminal module and the wireless LAN device are not limited to specific device models, but the entire device meets the waterproof and dustproof level of at least IP66, and the peak power is not higher than 18w and 15w respectively, and the Beidou communication terminal module is convenient for controlling the sending of data messages. The Beidou communication terminal module model RDSS 201, the single sending short message data volume is not more than 76 bytes, and the time interval between sending short messages in front and back should not be less than 60s. The wireless LAN device only sends control commands to open through the Beidou short message mode when the maintenance personnel copies data or maintains the device in the mountain, can provide data transmission service within 15km range, and remains closed when the weather station is monitoring.

[0069] The weather instrument module 3 is used for measuring and outputting weather parameters; the weather parameters include temperature, relative humidity, pressure, wind speed, wind direction, rainfall and radiation.

[0070] For example, the weather instrument module 3 is a sensor module with a seven-element micro weather instrument HCD6817C as the core. The power supply interface of the weather instrument HCD6817C is connected to the power supply distribution unit 12V output interface, and the control transmission interface is connected to the bus control interface of the embedded control module 5 through a standard serial interface RS485; the embedded control module 5 controls the weather instrument module 3 to output weather parameters at the fastest update frequency of 1Hz through the Modbus communication protocol.

[0071] The control of the meteorological instrument HCD6817C by the embedded control module 5 includes two parts: 1) the embedded control module 5 sets specific serial port parameters (baud rate, parity bit and stop bit) to establish serial communication with the meteorological instrument HCD6817C; 2) through the established serial communication, specific control commands are sent to the meteorological instrument HCD6817C to realize various controls of the meteorological instrument HCD6817C and reading of collected data, and the specific control commands are obtained by referring to the data manual of the meteorological instrument HCD6817C.

[0072] The meteorological instrument module 3 is not limited to the HCD6817C model, but is required to meet the waterproof and dustproof level of IP66 or above, the peak power of not more than 2w, the temperature measurement range of -40°~50°, the relative humidity measurement range of 0~100%RH, the pressure measurement range of 300~1000hpa, the wind speed measurement range of 0~60m / s, the wind direction output range of 0~360°, the rainfall measurement range of 0~200mm / h, the radiation measurement range of 0~100klux, and the communication interface for data transmission with external equipment and observation condition setting.

[0073] The AD acquisition module 4 is used to collect the hardware state information in the running process of the power supply module 1, the communication module 2, the meteorological instrument module 3 and the embedded control module 5.

[0074] The AD acquisition module realizes the collection of key hardware state information in the running process of the meteorological station. The AD acquisition module 4 includes two 16bit ADC control chips ADS1115 and an ADC control chip control circuit; the input SCL pin of the ADC control chip ADS1115 is connected with the 32KHz pin output by the clock chip DS3231 to obtain a clock signal.

[0075] The AD acquisition module 4 includes five analog input ports, which are respectively used to monitor the gel cell voltage, the gel cell current, the gel cell temperature, the load current of the power supply output of the HH-N10s controller and the temperature of the power supply distribution unit board; wherein the first analog input port of the AD acquisition module 4 is connected in parallel with the battery input interface of the HH-N10s controller in the power supply distribution unit; the second analog input port of the AD acquisition module 4 is connected in parallel between VIOUT and GND of the Hall sensor ACS724 in the battery input line of the HH-N10s controller; the third analog input port of the AD acquisition module 4 is connected with the analog output of the temperature sensor AD590; the fourth analog input port of the AD acquisition module 4 is connected in parallel between VIOUT and GND of the Hall sensor ACS724 in the power supply output line of the HH-N10s controller; and the fifth analog input port of the AD acquisition module 4 is connected with the analog output of the temperature sensor AD590 on the power supply distribution unit board.

[0076] The AD acquisition module 4 sends write address data 0x90, address pointer register byte data 0x01, configuration data 0xC383, and configuration multiplexer AINP=AIN0, AINN=GND, range ±4.096V, and other control bits are the default values of the ADC control chip ADS1115 to the AD acquisition module 4 through the I 2 The I 2 C interface of the embedded control module 5; wherein the SCL and SDA pins of the two ADC control chips ADS1115 in the AD acquisition module 4 are connected to the SCL and SDA pins in the I 2 C interface of the embedded control module 5; wherein the ADDR pin of one of the ADC control chips ADS1115 is connected to GND, so as to set the I 2 C address as 0x90 write and 0x91 read; the AIN0, AIN1, AIN2 and AIN3 of the ADC control chip ADS1115 are connected to the first analog input port, the second analog input port, the third analog input port and the fourth analog input port respectively; the ADDR pin of the other ADC control chip ADS1115 is connected to VDD, so as to set the I 2 C address as 0x92 write and 0x93 read; the AIN0 of the other ADC control chip ADS1115 is connected to the fifth analog input port.

[0077] The readout process of the AD acquisition module 4 is controlled by the embedded control module 5 through the I 2 C interface according to the read-write operation timing and related configuration in the ADC control chip ADS1115 data manual, including:

[0078] Step 101, start the I 2 C bus by running the program in the embedded control module 5, send write address data 0x90, address pointer register byte data 0x01, configuration data 0xC383 to the AD acquisition module 4, configure multiplexer AINP=AIN0, AINN=GND, range ±4.096V, and other control bits are the default values of the ADC control chip ADS1115, and then close the I 2 C bus to achieve the control mode setting of the ADC control chip ADS1115;

[0079] Step 102, start the I 2 C bus, send write address data 0x90 and address pointer register byte data 0x00 to the AD acquisition module 4, and then close the bus; start the I 2 C bus again, send read address data 0x91 to the AD acquisition module 4, read two bytes of data on the SDA bus, and then close the I 2 C bus, thereby obtaining the sampling readout decimal data raw of the first channel, and obtaining the input voltage value data1=data of the first channel according to data=raw*4.096 / 32768V.

[0080] Step 103, update the configuration data to 0xD383, configure the multiplexer AINP=AIN1, AINN=GND, the range is ±4.096V, and other control bits are the default values of the ADC control chip ADS1115, repeat steps 101 and 102 to obtain the input voltage value data2 of the second channel;

[0081] Step 104, update the configuration data to 0xE383, configure the multiplexer AINP=AIN2, AINN=GND, the range is ±4.096V, and other control bits are the default values of the ADC control chip ADS1115, repeat steps 101 and 102 to obtain the input voltage value data3 of the third channel;

[0082] Step 105, update the configuration data to 0xF383, configure the multiplexer AINP=AIN3, AINN=GND, the range is ±4.096V, and other control bits are the default values of the ADC control chip ADS1115, repeat steps 101 and 102 to obtain the input voltage value data4 of the fourth channel;

[0083] Step 106, start I 2 C bus, send write address data 0x92, address pointer register byte data 0x01, configuration data 0xC383 to AD acquisition module 4 respectively, configure the multiplexer AINP=AIN0, AINN=GND, the range is ±4.096V, and other control bits are the default values of the ADC control chip ADS1115, then close I 2 C bus to achieve the control mode setting of the ADC control chip ADS1115;

[0084] Step 107, start I 2 C bus, send write address data 0x92, address pointer register byte data 0x00 to AD acquisition module 4 respectively, then close I 2 C bus; start I 2 C bus again, send read address data 0x93 to AD acquisition module 4, and close I 2 C bus after reading two bytes of data on the SDA bus, thus obtaining the sampling readout decimal data raw of the fifth channel, and obtaining the input voltage value data5=data of the fifth channel according to data=raw*4.096 / 32768V;

[0085] Step 108, loop steps 101 to 107 to obtain the latest input voltage values of the five channels in turn.

[0086] The embedded control module 5 is electrically connected to the communication module 2 , the meteorological instrument module 3 , and the AD acquisition module 4 , and is used to control the operation of the communication module 2 , the meteorological instrument module 3 , and the AD acquisition module 4 .

[0087] The embedded control module 5 includes an RJ45 interface, a USB interface, an HDMI interface, an I 2 C interface and 5V power input interface. The embedded control module 5 is an embedded micro control system based on "Raspberry Pi 3b+". It is the core part of the entire weather station control. The weather station autonomous monitoring program runs on the operating system of the embedded control module 5. In terms of hardware interface, the embedded control module 5 includes RJ45 interface, USB interface, HDMI interface, I 2 C interface and 5V power input interface, the USB interface of the embedded control module 5 is connected to the RS485 serial port DB9 connector in RDSS201 and HCD6817C through the USB to serial port adapter circuit board.

[0088] The embedded control module 5 also includes a fan output control port FAN_CTR; the fan output control port FAN_CTR is electrically connected to a 5V fan; the embedded control module 5 adjusts the fan speed by adjusting the output voltage value of the fan output control port FAN_CTR to achieve temperature control of the embedded control module 5.

[0089] The embedded control module 5 is not limited to an embedded microcontroller based on the "Raspberry Pi 3b+", but requires that the total peak power consumption of the system is less than 5W and can run the Linux system.

[0090] like Figure 3 As shown, the weather station control section runs in the form of software on the Linux operating system of the embedded control module 5. Its autonomous operation monitoring includes three parts: first, the raw data of the seven measurement parameters (temperature, humidity, pressure, wind speed, wind direction, rainfall, and radiation) collected by the HCD6817C are obtained every 1 second. After conversion, the data is obtained in international units. The corresponding variables in the memory are refreshed to update the seven measurement parameters of temperature, humidity, pressure, wind speed, wind direction, rainfall, and radiation. Second, the monitoring data of each hardware by the AD acquisition module 4 is read every 10 seconds. After conversion, the latest status data of each hardware of the weather station is obtained: Gel battery voltage, Gel battery current, Gel battery temperature, load current, onboard temperature, and Gel battery remaining power. Third, the latest seven measurement parameters and weather station hardware status data are sent to the remote control receiving end every 60 seconds.

[0091] The method for calculating the remaining power of the Gel battery is: 1) When the Gel battery is fully charged and the solar panel is not used, monitor the battery voltage and battery current values ​​output by the weather station equipment under continuous operation (the time interval between two adjacent times is 10s) until the battery can no longer provide power for the weather station to maintain normal working conditions.

[0092] 2) Based on the n data recorded in the process described in 1), obtain 2n data about battery voltage and battery current along with discharge time, and calculate the average current when the weather station is working. ; I i For the i The current value of the power module measured by the second time; calculate the power released by the battery , U i For the i The measured power module voltage value; I i+1 For the i+ The current value of the power module measured once; the value of the electric energy released by the battery can be approximated as the total battery capacity when the weather station is running.

[0093] 3) Based on the latest battery voltage U j , in the discharge curve ut of the gel battery, find U j and I a The most approximate discharge curve is calculated from U j Corresponding time scale t j Time scale to the end of discharge process t e The area S swept by the discharge curve of voltage over time along the time axis is used to calculate the remaining total battery capacity S I a , then the remaining capacity of the gel battery is S I a , the remaining proportion is: S I a / G , the range is [0,1].

[0094] For example, the autonomous operation monitoring software also adds a watchdog function with a watchdog feeding cycle of 1 second, which can rerun the monitoring program when an unexpected error occurs during system operation.

[0095] The exemplary autonomous operation monitoring software also adds a fan cooling control program. The embedded control module 5 changes the PWM value of the fan output control port FAN_CTR to control the fan speed by comparing the measured on-board temperature with the set temperature.

[0096] When the on-board temperature is less than 40℃, the PWM is set to 0 to stop cooling; when the on-board temperature is greater than or equal to 40℃ and less than 50℃, the PWM is set to 512 to obtain 50% speed; when the on-board temperature is greater than or equal to 50℃ and less than 70℃, the PWM is set to 717 to obtain 70% speed; when the on-board temperature is greater than or equal to 70℃, the PWM is set to 921 to obtain 90% speed.

[0097] The hardware state data is updated every 10s, and the latest autonomous operation monitoring meteorological data is combined to form a record data, and the saved data format is: #Index \tTime \tTemp \tRH \tAPress \t WinSpd \tWinDir \tPrecip \tFlux \tVbat \tIBat \tTBat \tIload \tVcc \t RTCTemp \tQuantity \tDevid\n.

[0098] Except for special escape characters, the English in the above data format represents serial number, time, temperature, humidity, wind speed, wind direction, rainfall, radiation flux, battery voltage, battery current, battery temperature, load current, Vcc, on-board temperature, battery capacity and device ID in turn, and a data record file is formed every day.

[0099] The autonomous operation monitoring part, the weather station sends the latest 7 measurement parameters and weather station hardware state data to the remote control receiving end every 60s through the data transmission program part.

[0100] The embedded control module 5 runs the data transmission program and the remote monitoring program; the data transmission program includes general data encoding and packaging based on Beidou short message, data sending, and decoding, unpacking and reorganization after data receiving; the remote monitoring program includes RDSS device state setting and state reading, and weather station operation control based on RDSS transmission protocol.

[0101] The general data encoding and packaging based on Beidou short message refers to data slicing of any type of source data according to the protocol format of the Beidou short message platform, special character data processing for escaping data, and encapsulating the source data into a format suitable for Beidou short message platform sending.

[0102] The sending of the Beidou short message data includes two parts: 1) generating sending instruction data according to the Beidou short message platform sending protocol; and 2) outputting the instruction data to the Beidou short message platform through a serial port protocol to realize actual sending of the short message.

[0103] The integrated electric control box 6 is used for placing the AD acquisition module 4 and the embedded control module 5, and provides an electrical interface of the power supply module 1, the communication module 2, the meteorological instrument module 3, the AD acquisition module 4 and the embedded control module 5.

[0104] The integrated electric control box 6 realizes effective isolation of the core modules of the meteorological station from the external environment. The integrated electric control box 6 includes two parts, the first is a bottom plate structure for fixing the embedded control module 5, the AD acquisition module 4 and the power distribution unit hardware and an external waterproof structure, and the second is an electrical interface for connecting the external hardware devices of the meteorological station and the internal hardware modules of the integrated electric control box 6. The bottom plate structure of the integrated electric control box 6 includes a bottom plate overall structure, an electrical interface opening and holes and copper columns on the bottom plate for fixing the embedded control module 5, the AD acquisition module 4 and the power distribution unit hardware and a fan plate. As shown in Figures 5 to 9 The electrical interface includes a connector GX12-5 connecting the RDSS 201 and the integrated electric control box 6, a connector WS20-2 connecting the integrated electric control box 6 and the solar panel, a connector WS20-3 connecting the integrated electric control box 6 and the gel battery, and a connector XS12-4 connecting the integrated electric control box 6 and the meteorological instrument HCD6817C.

[0105] Exemplarily, the external waterproof structure of the integrated electric control box 6 adopts an integrated aluminum alloy shell which is fixed on the vertical rod of the meteorological station through aluminum alloy fasteners, and the shell adopts a smooth inclined plane which is beneficial to rain and snow falling. The electrical interface connector adopts a general aviation plug socket which is beneficial to compact electrical structure and realizes effective isolation of the internal control circuit from the external harsh environment. The connector shell is made of high-quality zinc material which is treated on the surface and is resistant to corrosion.

[0106] The above detailed description of the present application is made in combination with the specific embodiments and exemplary examples, but these descriptions cannot be understood as limitations of the present application. Those skilled in the art understand that the technical solutions and embodiments of the present application can be variously replaced, modified or improved without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, and these all fall within the scope of the present application. The protection scope of the present application is subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. A remote weather monitoring system based on the Beidou RDSS protocol, characterized in that, The power module (1), the communication module (2), the meteorological instrument module (3), the AD acquisition module (4), the embedded control module (5) and the comprehensive electric control box (6) are included. The power module (1) is used for providing power supply for the communication module (2), the meteorological instrument module (3), the AD acquisition module (4) and the embedded control module (5). The communication module (2) is used for providing the communication function of remote monitoring and data transmission in the satellite coverage range for the weather station. The meteorological instrument module (3) is used for measuring and outputting meteorological parameters; the meteorological parameters include temperature, relative humidity, pressure, wind speed, wind direction, rainfall and irradiance. The AD acquisition module (4) is used for acquiring the hardware state information of the power module (1), the communication module (2), the meteorological instrument module (3) and the embedded control module (5) during operation. The embedded control module (5) is electrically connected with the communication module (2), the meteorological instrument module (3) and the AD acquisition module (4) and is used for controlling the operation of the communication module (2), the meteorological instrument module (3) and the AD acquisition module (4). The comprehensive electric control box (6) is used for placing the AD acquisition module (4) and the embedded control module (5) and providing the electrical interface of the power module (1), the communication module (2), the meteorological instrument module (3), the AD acquisition module (4) and the embedded control module (5). The power module (1) includes a photovoltaic solar panel, a battery, a wind-solar complementary controller and a power supply distribution unit. The output interface of the photovoltaic solar panel is connected with the photovoltaic input interface of the wind-solar complementary controller; the battery power supply interface is connected with the battery input interface of the wind-solar complementary controller; the power supply output interface of the wind-solar complementary controller is connected with the input interface of the power supply distribution unit. The power supply distribution unit includes a DC-DC direct current voltage conversion and distribution circuit, which provides 5V, 12V and 24V direct current voltage output interfaces and a voltage monitoring output interface of power supply output. The power module (1) in the measured voltage U j The calculation method of the remaining power and the proportion of the total power is: The average current of the weather station during operation is calculated according to the following formula: ； wherein I a the average current for the weather station to work; n the number of times the power module current and voltage are measured at 10s fixed time intervals from full charge to when the power module is unable to work; I i the power module current value for the i measurement; The released electric energy of the power module from full power to non-operation is calculated according to the following formula: ； in, G The power released from the power module from full charge to failure; U i For the i The measured power module voltage value; I i+1 For the i+ The current value of the power module measured once; The discharge curve of the power module voltage with time and the discharge curve of the current with time are obtained; selecting the most similar discharge curve of U j and I a calculating from U j the corresponding time scale t j to the end of discharge process time scale t e the area S swept by the discharge curve of voltage versus time along the time axis during the process The product S of the area S and the average current of the weather station working I a The remaining power ratio S as the total remaining power of the power module I a / G ; The AD acquisition module (4) includes two 16bit ADC control chips ADS1115 and an ADC control chip control circuit. The input SCL pin of the ADC control chip ADS1115 is connected with the 32KHz pin output by the clock chip DS3231 to obtain a clock signal. The AD acquisition module (4) includes five analog input ports for monitoring battery voltage, battery current, battery temperature, load current of power supply output of the wind-solar complementary controller and power distribution unit board temperature respectively; wherein the first analog input port of the AD acquisition module (4) is connected in parallel with the battery input interface of the wind-solar complementary controller in the power distribution unit; the second analog input port of the AD acquisition module (4) is connected in parallel between VIOUT and GND of the Hall sensor ACS724 in the battery input line of the wind-solar complementary controller; the third analog input port of the AD acquisition module (4) is connected with the analog output of the temperature sensor AD590; the fourth analog input port of the AD acquisition module (4) is connected in parallel between VIOUT and GND of the Hall sensor ACS724 in the power supply output line of the wind-solar complementary controller; and the fifth analog input port of the AD acquisition module (4) is connected with the analog output of the temperature sensor AD590 on the power distribution unit board. The AD acquisition module (4) is connected to the 2 The C interface is connected to the I 2 C interface; wherein the SCL and SDA pins of the two ADC control chips ADS1115 in the AD acquisition module (4) are respectively connected to the embedded control module (5) I 2 The SCL and SDA pins in the C interface; the ADDR pin of one of the ADC control chips ADS1115 is connected to GND to set the I 2 The C address is: 0x90 for writing and 0x91 for reading; AIN0, AIN1, AIN2 and AIN3 of the ADC control chip ADS1115 are connected to the first analog input port, the second analog input port, the third analog input port and the fourth analog input port respectively; the ADDR pin of another ADC control chip ADS1115 is connected to VDD, so as to set the I 2 The C address is 0x92 for writing and 0x93 for reading. The AIN0 of another ADC control chip ADS1115 is connected to the fifth analog input port; The readout process of the AD acquisition module (4) controlled by the embedded control module (5) includes: Step 101, start I 2 C bus, respectively, to the AD acquisition module (4) sends write address data 0x90, address pointer register byte data 0x01, configuration data 0xC383, configuration multiplexer AINP=AIN0, AINN=GND, range is ±4.096V, other control bits are the default value of ADC control chip ADS1115, and then close I 2 C bus to achieve the control mode setting of ADC control chip ADS1115; Step 102, start I 2 C bus, respectively, to the AD acquisition module (4) sends write address data 0x90, address pointer register byte data 0x00, then close the bus; again start I 2 C bus, respectively, to the AD acquisition module (4) sends read address data 0x91, read two bytes of data on the SDA bus after closing I 2 C bus, thus obtaining the first channel of the sample readout decimal data raw, according to data=raw*4.096 / 32768V, the first channel input voltage value data1=data; Step 103, updating the configuration data to 0xD383, configuring the multiplexer AINP=AIN1, AINN=GND, the range is ±4.096V, and other control bits are the default values of the ADC control chip ADS1115, repeating steps 101 and 102 to obtain the input voltage value data2 of the second channel; Step 104, updating the configuration data to 0xE383, configuring the multiplexer AINP=AIN2, AINN=GND, the range is ±4.096V, and other control bits are the default values of the ADC control chip ADS1115, repeating steps 101 and 102 to obtain the input voltage value data3 of the third channel; Step 105, updating the configuration data to 0xF383, configuring the multiplexer AINP=AIN3, AINN=GND, the range is ±4.096V, and other control bits are the default values of the ADC control chip ADS1115, repeating steps 101 and 102 to obtain the input voltage value data4 of the fourth channel; Step 106, start I 2 C bus, respectively, to the AD acquisition module (4) sends write address data 0x92, address pointer register byte data 0x01, configuration data 0xC383, configure multiplexer AINP=AIN0, AINN=GND, range is ±4.096V, other control bits are the default value of ADC control chip ADS1115, and then close I 2 C bus to achieve the control mode setting of ADC control chip ADS1115; Step 107, start I 2 C bus, write address data 0x92 to the AD acquisition module (4) respectively, address pointer register byte data 0x00, then close I 2 C bus; start I again 2 C bus, read address data 0x93 to the AD acquisition module (4) respectively, read two byte data on the SDA bus and then close I 2 C bus, thereby obtaining the sample readout decimal data raw of the fifth channel, and obtaining the input voltage value data5=data of the fifth channel according to data=raw*4.096 / 32768V. Step 108, cyclically executing steps 101 to 107 to sequentially obtain the latest input voltage values of the five channels. 2.The remote weather monitoring system based on the Beidou RDSS protocol of claim 1, characterized in that, The communication module (2) includes a Beidou communication terminal module RDSS201 and a wireless local area network device; The power supply interface of the Beidou communication terminal module RDSS201 is connected with the 12V output interface of the power distribution unit; and the control transmission signal line of the Beidou communication terminal module RDSS201 is connected with the bus control interface of the embedded control module (5) through a standard serial interface RS232. The wireless local area network device includes a switch and a wireless bridge; a power supply interface of the switch is connected with the power supply distribution unit 24V output interface; a LAN interface of the switch is connected with an RJ45 LAN interface of the embedded control module; a LAN interface of the wireless bridge is connected with an output LAN port of the switch, and 12V power supply input from the switch is obtained through the POE mode. 3.The remote weather monitoring system based on the Beidou RDSS protocol of claim 1, characterized in that, The power supply interface of the meteorological instrument module (3) is connected with the power supply distribution unit 12V output interface, and the control transmission interface is connected with the bus control interface of the embedded control module (5) through the standard serial interface RS485; the embedded control module (5) controls the meteorological instrument module (3) to output meteorological parameters at the fastest update frequency of 1Hz through the Modbus communication protocol; The peak power of the meteorological instrument module (3) is not more than 2w, the temperature measurement range is-40°~50°, the relative humidity measurement range is 0~100%RH, the pressure measurement range is 300~1000hpa, the wind speed measurement range is 0~60m / s, the wind direction output range is 0~360°, the rainfall measurement range is 0~200mm / h, and the radiation measurement range is 0~100klux.

4. The remote weather monitoring system based on the Beidou RDSS protocol according to claim 1, characterized in that, The embedded control module (5) comprises an RJ45 interface, a USB interface, an HDMI interface, an I 2 C interface and a 5V power input interface.

5. The remote weather monitoring system based on the Beidou RDSS protocol according to claim 1, characterized in that, The embedded control module (5) further includes a fan output control port FAN_CTR; the fan output control port FAN_CTR is electrically connected with a 5V fan; the embedded control module (5) adjusts the fan speed by adjusting the output voltage value of the fan output control port FAN_CTR to realize temperature control of the embedded control module (5). 6.The remote weather monitoring system based on the Beidou RDSS protocol of claim 1, wherein, The embedded control module (5) runs a data transmission program and a remote monitoring program; the data transmission program includes general data encoding and packaging based on the Beidou short message, data sending, and decoding, unpacking and recombination after data receiving; the remote monitoring program includes RDSS device state setting and state reading, and meteorological station operation control based on the RDSS transmission protocol; The general data encoding and packaging based on the Beidou short message refers to data segmentation of any type of source data according to the protocol format of the Beidou short message platform, special character data escape data processing, so as to package the source data into a format suitable for the Beidou short message platform sending; The Beidou short message data sending includes two parts: 1) generating sending instruction data according to the Beidou short message platform sending protocol; 2) outputting the instruction data to the Beidou short message platform through the serial port protocol to realize actual short message sending.

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