A high-gain electromagnetic combined dipole antenna

Abstract

The present invention discloses a high-gain electromagnetic combined dipole antenna, belonging to the field of electromagnetic field and microwave technology. It comprises a feeding part, an external metal shell, and a dual-radiating structure; the feeding part is in the form of a coaxial line to a microstrip power splitter structure; the external metal shell is a rectangular parallelepiped; the dual-radiating structure is composed of two radiators, each radiator is composed of a TEM horn and an adjustable electrode, wherein the upper pole plates of the TEM horns of each radiator are of the same shape and share a lower pole plate; the adjustable electrode of each radiator is located between the upper pole plate of the TEM horn of the corresponding radiator and the external metal shell. The present invention adopts a microstrip power splitter structure to feed the dual-radiating structure. Without changing the external dimensions of the antenna, the antenna gain is significantly improved through the dual-radiating structure, solving the technical problems of low gain and insufficient time-domain radiation efficiency of the electromagnetic combined antenna, and providing an antenna form for ultra-wide-spectrum electromagnetic pulse radiation that takes into account both large power capacity and high time-domain radiation efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of electromagnetic field and microwave technology, and particularly relates to a high-gain electromagnetic combined vibrator antenna. Background Art

[0002] Ultra-wide spectrum electromagnetic pulses mainly refer to carrier-free time-domain electromagnetic waves with a leading time and pulse width of ns or sub-ns, and a spectrum coverage range of tens of MHz to several GHz. They are widely used in target identification and detection, biomedicine, and electromagnetic compatibility testing.

[0003] Ultra-wideband radiating antennas are key components for generating ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulses (UWBEPs). Typical antennas for radiating UWBEPs include Vivaldi antennas, TEM horn antennas, and electromagnetic combination dipole antennas. Vivaldi antennas are planar end-fire antennas with a simple structure, lightweight, and easy processing and integration, but they suffer from limited power capacity and poor low-frequency radiation performance. TEM horn antennas and electromagnetic combination dipole antennas are both aperture antennas. Electromagnetic combination dipole antennas build on the TEM horn antenna by introducing an equivalent magnetic ring to minimize reactance energy, thereby improving impedance matching and achieving good low-frequency radiation performance. Aperture antennas have high power capacity and can withstand voltage pulses with larger amplitudes. However, for some excitation pulses, such as those with excessive asymmetry between the leading and trailing edges of the waveform, their time-domain radiation efficiency is low. Time-domain radiation efficiency, as measured in the frequency domain, is primarily related to the antenna's reflection coefficient and gain. For comparable reflection coefficients, increasing the gain within the antenna's passband can effectively improve its radiation factor, thereby enhancing its time-domain radiation efficiency. Striking a balance between high power capacity and high radiation efficiency is a technical challenge facing the research and design of UWBEP antennas. In particular, when using array antenna spatial power synthesis to generate ultra-wide spectrum electromagnetic pulses, improving the radiation factor or radiation efficiency of the array element antenna can further increase the radiation field strength of the array antenna, while also reducing the number of array elements, thereby reducing costs and reducing the workload of array antenna time delay adjustment.

[0004] In summary, it is necessary to conduct in-depth analysis and research on the electromagnetic combination dipole antenna to provide an antenna form and technical solution for the radiation of ultra-wide spectrum electromagnetic pulses that takes into account both higher power capacity and greater time domain radiation efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-gain electromagnetic combination dipole antenna. By improving the antenna geometry, the technical problems of low gain and insufficient time domain radiation efficiency of the electromagnetic combination antenna are solved, and an antenna form that takes into account both large power capacity and high radiation efficiency for ultra-wide spectrum electromagnetic pulse radiation is provided.

[0006] In order to achieve the above technical objectives and solve the above technical problems, the specific technical solutions of the present invention are as follows:

[0007] A high-gain electromagnetic combined dipole antenna comprises a feeding part, an external metal shell and a dual-radiation structure.

[0008] The feed section is a 50-ohm coaxial line connected to a microstrip power splitter structure. The outer conductor of the coaxial line is connected to the external metal shell, and the inner conductor is connected to the conductive strip of the microstrip power splitter structure. The microstrip power splitter structure is a 50-ohm microstrip line connected to two parallel 100-ohm microstrip lines. The ground plane of the microstrip power splitter structure is connected to the external metal shell. The width of the conductive strip can be calculated from the electrical parameters and thickness of the filler dielectric using the formula for calculating the characteristic impedance of the microstrip line.

[0009] The external metal shell occupies a rectangular area, including a top metal shell, a bottom metal shell and a feed end metal shell. The three parts are all rectangular and welded together to ensure mechanical strength.

[0010] The dual-radiating structure consists of two radiators. Each radiator consists of a TEM horn and an adjustable electrode. The upper electrode plates of the TEM horns of each radiator are of the same shape and are symmetrical about the plane defined by the axis of the coaxial line in the feed section and the normal to the ground plane of the microstrip power divider structure. The TEM horns of each radiator share a lower electrode with a constant lateral width, which is the same as the width of the rectangular area occupied by the external metal shell. The distance between the upper and lower electrodes of each TEM horn increases gradually along the antenna radiation direction in the same manner. The lateral width of the upper electrode also increases gradually along the antenna radiation direction. The ends of the upper and lower electrodes are connected to the top metal shell and the bottom metal shell, respectively, to form a rectangular radiation aperture. Each radiator's adjustable electrode is located between the corresponding radiator's TEM horn's upper plate and the top metal shell and feed-end metal shell. The adjustable electrode's lateral width and distance from the lower plate gradually increase along the antenna's radiation direction. The starting end of each adjustable electrode is connected to the corresponding TEM horn's upper plate, while the terminal end is connected to the top metal shell and, together with the upper half of the feed-end metal shell, forms a current loop to enhance low-frequency radiation capability. The two radiators in the dual-radiation structure are fed by two 100-ohm microstrip lines in the microstrip power divider structure within the feed section. Specifically, the two 100-ohm microstrip conductors are connected to the upper plate of each TEM horn, and the ground plane is connected to the lower plate.

[0011] Furthermore, the outer conductor of the coaxial line and the ground plate of the microstrip power dividing structure in the feeding part are vertically connected to the metal shell of the feeding end in the external metal shell, and the coaxial line and the microstrip power dividing structure are respectively located on both sides of the metal shell of the feeding end; the width of the ground plate of the microstrip power dividing structure is consistent with the width of the rectangular area occupied by the external metal shell.

[0012] Furthermore, the filling medium of the microstrip power divider structure in the feeding part may be air.

[0013] Furthermore, the width of the upper plate end of each radiator TEM horn in the dual-radiation structure is not less than the width of the 100-ohm microstrip line guide strip, and the upper plate ends of the TEM horns of each radiator can overlap, but cannot exceed the rectangular area occupied by the external metal shell.

[0014] Furthermore, the various types of gradient forms of each radiator in the dual-radiation structure can be linear gradient, exponential gradient, that is, the width of the upper plate of the TEM horn of each radiator in the dual-radiation structure, the distance between the upper and lower plates, the width of the adjustable electrode, and the distance between the adjustable electrode and the lower plate along the radiation direction can be linear gradient, exponential gradient, etc.

[0015] Furthermore, the lateral width of the adjustable electrode tip of each radiator in the dual-radiator structure is no less than the width of a 100-ohm microstrip conductor. The coordinates of the starting ends of the adjustable electrodes of each radiator along the antenna's radiation direction can be set to be different, as can the coordinates of the connection points of the tips with the top metal housing along the antenna's radiation direction. When the coordinates of the tips of the adjustable electrodes along the antenna's radiation direction are the same, they can overlap. The width of the adjustable electrodes can be greater than the width of the top plate of each radiator's TEM horn, provided that the width does not exceed the rectangular area occupied by the external metal housing.

[0016] Furthermore, the area of ​​the current loop formed by the adjustable electrode of each radiator and the external metal shell in the dual-radiation structure should be smaller than the area of ​​the ring structure formed by the upper electrode plate of the corresponding TEM horn and the external metal shell.

[0017] Furthermore, the lateral distance between the two 100-ohm microstrip line conductors in the microstrip power splitter structure of the feeding part can be reasonably selected through numerical simulation optimization based on the width and position of the end of the upper plate of each TEM horn of the dual-radiating structure; other relevant parameters such as the length of each microstrip line conductor in the microstrip power splitter structure, the starting and end positions of the adjustable electrode, etc. can all be obtained through numerical simulation optimization according to actual design requirements.

[0018] The effective benefits of the present invention are as follows:

[0019] 1. The present invention provides a high-gain electromagnetic combined dipole antenna, which introduces two radiators for radiation, and the starting and ending positions of the adjustable electrodes in each radiator can be different, thereby significantly improving the gain while increasing the design freedom of this type of antenna.

[0020] 2. When the high-gain electromagnetic combination dipole antenna provided by the present invention is used for ultra-wide spectrum electromagnetic pulse radiation, it can obtain higher time-domain radiation efficiency through high gain while keeping the aperture area unchanged. At the same time, the antenna has a large power capacity, achieving the goal of taking both power capacity and time-domain radiation efficiency into consideration.

[0021] 3. When the high-gain electromagnetic combination array antenna provided by the present invention is used as an array element in an ultra-wide spectrum electromagnetic pulse array antenna, a predetermined radiation field strength index can be achieved with a smaller number of units, which is of great significance for reducing costs and reducing the workload of array delay adjustment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a high-gain electromagnetic combined dipole antenna provided by the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the feeding portion of a high-gain electromagnetic combined dipole antenna provided by the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the external metal shell of a high-gain electromagnetic combined dipole antenna provided by the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a dual-radiation structure of a high-gain electromagnetic combined dipole antenna provided by the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 A side view of a high-gain electromagnetic combined dipole antenna provided by the present invention;

[0027] Figure 6 A curve showing the gain variation with frequency of a high-gain electromagnetic combined dipole antenna provided by the present invention;

[0028] Figure 7 The excitation waveform of a high-gain electromagnetic combined dipole antenna provided by the present invention;

[0029] Figure 8 The present invention provides a main axis far-zone radiation field waveform of a high-gain electromagnetic combined dipole antenna.

[0030] The following is an example of a structural diagram:

[0031] 1 - Feed section. 11 - Coaxial line in the feed section, 111 - Coaxial line outer conductor, 112 - Coaxial line inner conductor, 113 - Coaxial line dielectric layer; 12 - Microstrip power divider structure in the feed section, 121 - 50-ohm microstrip line conductor in the microstrip power divider structure, 122 and 123 - Two parallel 100-ohm microstrip line conductors in the microstrip power divider structure, 124 - Ground plane of the microstrip power divider structure;

[0032] 2-External metal shell. 21-Top metal shell, 22-Bottom metal shell, 23-Feeder metal shell;

[0033] 3-Dual radiating structure. 31 and 32 are the two radiators in the dual radiating structure, 311 and 321 are the upper plates of the TEM horns in each radiator, 33 is the lower plate shared by the TEM horns of each radiator, and 312 and 322 are the adjustable electrodes in each radiator.

[0034] 4-Schematic diagram of the rectangular radiation aperture composed of a high-gain dual-radiation structure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The technical solution provided by the present invention is described and illustrated in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0036] like Figure 1 As shown, a high-gain electromagnetic combined dipole antenna provided by the present invention includes a feeding part 1, an external metal shell 2 and a dual radiation structure 3.

[0037] like Figure 2 As shown, the feeding part 1 is in the form of a coaxial line 11 to a microstrip power dividing structure 12. The coaxial line 11 includes an outer conductor 111, an inner conductor 112 and a dielectric layer 113; the microstrip power dividing structure 12 is in the form of a 50 ohm microstrip line to two 100 ohm parallel microstrip lines, and the structure includes a 50 ohm microstrip line guide 121, two 100 ohm microstrip line guides 122, 123 and a common ground plate 124. The medium is filled between the microstrip line guide and the ground plate, and the medium can be air. The inner conductor 112 of the coaxial line is connected to the 50 ohm microstrip line guide 121. The guide lengths of the 50 ohm microstrip line and the two 100 ohm microstrip lines are L respectively. f50 、L f100 The width can be calculated based on the characteristic impedance of the microstrip line by the distance H between the conducting strip and the ground plane. f (When the filling medium is air) or calculated from the electrical parameters and thickness of the filling medium, the length L of the ground plate 124 is f For L f50 and L f100 The width is consistent with the width of the external metal shell 2; the spacing between the two 100 ohm parallel microstrip line guides is W f .

[0038] like Figure 1 、 3 As shown, the external metal shell 2 occupies a rectangular area with a length, width and height of L, W and H respectively, and includes a top metal shell 21, a bottom metal shell 22 and a feeding end metal shell 23. The three shells are all rectangular metal plates and are welded together to ensure mechanical strength.

[0039] like Figure 1 、 2 As shown in Figures 5 and 6, the coaxial outer conductor 111 of the feeding part 1 and the ground plate 124 of the microstrip power dividing structure 12 are both vertically connected to the feeding end metal shell 23 of the external metal shell 2, and 111 and 124 are respectively located on both sides of the feeding end metal shell 23.

[0040] like Figure 1 、 2 As shown in Figures 4 and 5, the dual-radiation structure 3 includes two radiators 31 and 32, which share a lower plate 33. The lower plate and two upper plates 311 and 321 placed side by side form two TEM horn structures, and are fed by two 100-ohm microstrip lines of the microstrip power divider structure 12 in the feeding part 1, that is, the two 100-ohm microstrip line guides 122 and 123 are respectively connected to the upper plates 311 and 321 in the two radiators, and the ground plate 124 is connected to the lower plate 33. The upper plates 311 and 321 placed side by side have the same structure and shape, and are located with respect to the following. Figure 1 Each radiator 31 , 32 further includes a respective adjustable electrode 312 , 322 , which is located between the upper plate 311 , 321 and the outer metal shell 2 .

[0041] Since the upper plates of the TEM horn structures of the radiators in the dual-radiation structure 3 have the same shape and are symmetrical in position, 311 and 33 are taken as examples to illustrate the position and shape characteristics of the TEM horn structure: Figure 1 、 4 5, the distance H between the upper plate 311 and the lower plate 33 d Along the antenna radiation direction Figure 1 、 Figure 5 The x-direction shown in FIG increases gradually, and the maximum height H of the rectangular area occupied by the external metal shell 2 is the lateral width of the upper plate 311, that is, the z-direction width W r The x-axis also gradually increases; the lateral width of the lower plate 33 remains constant and is consistent with the width W of the rectangular area occupied by the outer metal shell 2. The upper plate 311 is connected to the top metal shell 21 at its end, and the lower plate 33 is connected to the bottom metal shell 22 at its end. The two TEM horn structures share a common lower plate 33, forming a rectangular radiating aperture 4 at their ends.

[0042] like Figure 1 、 4 As shown in FIG5 , the distance between the adjustable electrodes 312 and 322 and the lower electrode plate 33 and the z-direction width are all along the antenna radiation direction. Figure 1 、 5As shown in the figure, the x direction gradually increases, and the starting end is connected to the corresponding upper plate 311, 321, and the end is connected to the top metal shell 21, and then forms a current loop structure with the external metal shell 2 to enhance the low-frequency radiation capability. The width of each adjustable electrode end is W d .

[0043] The gradient of each tapered structure in the dual-radiating structure 3 can be linear, exponential, or other forms, and the overall width does not exceed the rectangular area occupied by the external metal housing 2. The width of the ends of each upper plate 311, 321 and the width of the ends of the adjustable electrodes 312, 322 are no less than the width of a 100-ohm microstrip line. Furthermore, the ends of each upper plate 311, 321 can overlap, and the ends of the adjustable electrodes 312, 322 can also overlap, and the width of the ends of the adjustable electrodes can be greater than the width of the ends of each upper plate.

[0044] like Figure 5 As shown, when observed from the side of the antenna, the area of ​​the current loop formed by the adjustable electrode 312 (322) and the external metal shell 2 is smaller than the area of ​​the current loop formed by the upper plate 311 (321) and the external metal shell 2. Under this premise, the x-direction coordinates of the starting end and the end end of each adjustable electrode 312, 322 in the dual radiation structure 3 can be optimized and set respectively according to needs. Figure 5 In the example, the two adjustable electrodes are at the same position, that is, the starting and ending x-direction coordinates of the two adjustable electrodes 312 and 322 are consistent, and the x-direction distances between them and the coordinate origin O are L and L, respectively. a , L b .

[0045] When the size of the rectangular area occupied by the external metal shell 2 remains unchanged, the relevant parameters of the antenna provided by the present invention can be reasonably selected through numerical simulation optimization and the like.

[0046] The working process and principle of the high-gain electromagnetic combined dipole antenna provided by the present invention are as follows: Figure 1 、 4As shown in Figures 5 and 6, the feed current enters the antenna from the coaxial line 11 and is divided into two paths by the microstrip power splitter structure 12. The feed current is fed into two radiators 31 and 32 respectively, and the two radiators radiate outward together. Each radiator is actually composed of an electric oscillator and a magnetic oscillator. The electric oscillator is a TEM horn, and the magnetic oscillator is equivalent to a current loop composed of an adjustable electrode and an external metal shell. After reasonable optimization of the current loop, i.e., the equivalent magnetic oscillator, the overall reactance energy of the antenna can be minimized, thereby improving impedance matching and achieving the purpose of enhancing low-frequency radiation performance. Compared with conventional electromagnetic combination antennas, the present invention provides more degrees of freedom in the design of the magnetic loop. The positions and sizes of the equivalent magnetic loops of the two radiators can be set to different. Moreover, while the aperture area remains unchanged, a dual-radiation structure fed by the microstrip power splitter structure is constructed. The radiation of the two is superimposed in space, which can significantly improve the gain. For the radiation of ultra-wide spectrum electromagnetic pulses, improving the gain in the time domain means increasing its time domain radiation efficiency.

[0047] Example

[0048] The preferred embodiment of the present invention is as follows Figure 1 、 3 As shown, the area occupied by a high-gain electromagnetic combined dipole antenna is a rectangular parallelepiped area, with a length, width, and height of L=397.7 mm, W=300.0 mm, and H=302.0 mm respectively.

[0049] like Figure 1 、 2 As shown in Figure 5, the feeding part consists of a coaxial line and a microstrip power splitter structure. The characteristic impedance of the coaxial line is 50 ohms, and the microstrip power splitter structure is a 50 ohm microstrip line converted into two 100 ohm parallel microstrip lines. The distance between the microstrip power splitter structure and the ground plane is H. f =5.0mm, the filling medium is air. The length L of the 50 ohm microstrip line conductor in the microstrip power splitter structure f50 =41.7mm, the length of the 100 ohm microstrip line conductor L f100 =49.9mm; z-direction distance W between two 100 ohm parallel microstrip line conductors f =196.7mm.

[0050] like Figure 1 、 2 As shown in FIG4 , the dual-radiation structure includes two radiators, which are fed by two 100-ohm microstrip lines in the microstrip power splitter structure. The two radiators share a lower plate with a lateral width along the lower plate. Figure 1 The x direction shown in the figure remains unchanged, which is the width W of the rectangular area occupied by the metal shell. Figure 4The two upper plates placed side by side in the TEM horn respectively form two TEM horns, and the two upper plates have the same structure and shape, and their positions are symmetrical about the xoy plane. Figure 5 As shown, the distance between the upper plate and the lower plate is H d , its gradient equation along the x direction is as follows,

[0051] H d =5.08exp(1.35E-2x)-0.39

[0052] like Figure 4 As shown, the lateral width W of the upper plate r It increases gradually along the x direction, and its gradient equation along the x direction is as follows:

[0053] W r =8.34exp(8.29E-3x)-1.54

[0054] like Figure 1 、 4 As shown, the two upper plates are connected to the top metal shell at the ends, and the lower plate is connected to the bottom metal shell at the ends, forming a rectangular radiation aperture.

[0055] like Figure 1 、 4 As shown in FIG5 , each radiator is further provided with an adjustable electrode. The starting end of the adjustable electrode is connected to the upper plate of the corresponding radiator, and the end end is connected to the top metal shell. In this embodiment, the x-direction coordinates of the starting end position and the end end position of the two adjustable electrodes are respectively consistent, as shown in FIG5 . Figure 5 As shown, the two overlap when viewed from the side.

[0056] The construction method of the adjustable electrode in this embodiment is to first determine the coordinate position of the starting end, and the x-direction distance from the coordinate origin O is L a =1.3mm, then the upper electrode is scaled along the negative x direction with a scaling factor of 0.67. At this time, the distance between the end of the adjustable electrode and the origin of the coordinate system O in the x direction is L b =248.2mm, finally forming an adjustable electrode structure whose lateral width and vertical distance from the lower electrode plate are both changed along the x direction. In this embodiment, the lateral width W of the end of the adjustable electrode is d Width W of the upper plate end t The same, both 98.7mm.

[0057] For the convenience of comparison, a conventional electromagnetic combination antenna is designed while keeping the external dimensions unchanged. Figure 6The figure shows a comparison of the gain variation with frequency curves of a conventional electromagnetic combination antenna and the electromagnetic combination antenna of the present invention. As can be seen from the figure, in the frequency range of 0.7 to 4.8 GHz, the gain of the electromagnetic combination antenna of the present invention is greater than that of the conventional electromagnetic combination antenna. In this frequency range, the average gain difference between the two is approximately 3.3 dBi, and the maximum gain difference occurs at 1.6 GHz, at which time the difference is more than 6 dBi. This shows that compared with the conventional electromagnetic combination antenna, the technical solution provided by the present invention can significantly improve the antenna gain.

[0058] In order to further investigate the time domain radiation characteristics of the antenna, the following Figure 7 The Gaussian waveform with a half-height width of 160ps shown in the figure is used as the excitation pulse of the antenna, and the radiation field waveforms at the main axis 5m position of the conventional electromagnetic combination antenna and the electromagnetic combination antenna of the present invention are obtained respectively, as shown in FIG. Figure 8 As shown in the figure, the radiation field waveform of the electromagnetic combination antenna of the present invention has more symmetrical positive and negative peaks and a larger amplitude, with a peak-to-peak field strength of approximately 4.2 V / m, compared to approximately 2.7 V / m for conventional electromagnetic combination antennas. In comparison, the time-domain radiation efficiency is improved by over 50%. This demonstrates that the technical solution provided by the present invention has higher radiation efficiency for the same excitation pulse.

[0059] It is also worth noting that when an antenna is used to radiate ultra-wide spectrum electromagnetic pulses, its time-domain radiation efficiency is not only related to the antenna structure, but also to the time parameters of the excitation pulse waveform. The above embodiment significantly improves the radiation efficiency of the adopted Gaussian pulse excitation with a pulse width of 160ps. Based on the physical connection between gain and time-domain radiation efficiency, it can be seen that other forms of excitation pulses will have the effect of enhancing the time-domain radiation efficiency, but the degree of improvement may not be greater than 50%.

[0060] The above content is a further detailed description of the present invention in conjunction with specific embodiments, and the specific implementation of the present invention should not be considered to be limited to these descriptions. For those skilled in the art of the present invention, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made, which should be considered to fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-gain electromagnetic combined dipole antenna, characterized in that: It includes a feeding part, an external metal shell and a double radiating structure; The feed section is a 50-ohm coaxial line to microstrip power splitter structure. The outer conductor of the coaxial line is connected to the external metal shell, and the inner conductor of the coaxial line is connected to the conductive strip of the microstrip power splitter structure. The microstrip power splitter structure is a 50-ohm microstrip line to two 100-ohm parallel microstrip lines. The ground plane of the microstrip power splitter structure is connected to the external metal shell. The width of the conductive strip is calculated from the electrical parameters and thickness of the filling medium according to the formula for calculating the characteristic impedance of the microstrip line. The outer metal shell is a rectangular parallelepiped, including a top metal shell, a bottom metal shell and a feed end metal shell. The three parts are all rectangular and welded together to ensure mechanical strength. The dual-radiating structure consists of two radiators, each of which consists of a TEM horn and an adjustable electrode; the upper pole plates of the TEM horns of each radiator have the same shape and are symmetrical about the plane determined by the axis of the coaxial line in the feeding part and the normal of the ground plate of the microstrip power divider structure; the TEM horns of each radiator share a lower pole plate with a constant transverse width, and its width is the same as the width of the external metal shell rectangle; the distance between the upper and lower pole plates of each TEM horn increases gradually along the radiation direction of the antenna in the same gradient manner, and the transverse width of the upper pole plate is also Gradually increases; the ends of the upper and lower plates of the TEM horn are respectively connected to the top metal shell and the bottom metal shell to form a rectangular radiation aperture; the adjustable electrode of each radiator is located between the upper plate of the corresponding radiator TEM horn and the top metal shell and the metal shell of the feeding end, and the lateral width of the adjustable electrode and the distance between the adjustable electrode and the lower plate are gradually increased along the radiation direction of the antenna; the starting ends of the adjustable electrodes are connected to the upper plate of the corresponding radiator TEM horn, and the ends are connected to the top metal shell and form a current loop with the upper half of the metal shell of the feeding end to enhance the low-frequency radiation capability; The two radiators in the dual-radiation structure are respectively fed by two 100-ohm microstrip lines of the microstrip power divider structure in the feeding part, that is, the two 100-ohm microstrip line conductors are respectively connected to the upper electrode plate of each radiator TEM horn, and the ground plate is connected to the lower electrode plate, and the area of ​​the current loop formed by the adjustable electrode of each radiator and the external metal shell in the dual-radiation structure should be smaller than the area of ​​the ring structure formed by the upper electrode plate and the external metal shell of the corresponding radiator TEM horn.

2. The high-gain electromagnetic combined dipole antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer conductor of the coaxial line and the ground plate of the microstrip power dividing structure are both vertically connected to the metal shell of the feeding end in the external metal shell; the coaxial line and the microstrip power dividing structure are respectively located on both sides of the metal shell of the feeding end; the width of the ground plate of the microstrip power dividing structure is consistent with the width of the rectangular area occupied by the external metal shell.

3. The high-gain electromagnetic combined dipole antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The width of the upper plate end of each radiator TEM horn in the dual-radiation structure is not less than the width of the 100-ohm microstrip line guide strip, and the upper plate ends of the TEM horns of each radiator can overlap, but cannot exceed the rectangular area occupied by the external metal shell.

4. The high-gain electromagnetic combined dipole antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The various gradient forms of each radiator in the double-radiation structure are linear gradient or exponential gradient.

5. The high-gain electromagnetic combined dipole antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lateral width of the adjustable electrode end of each radiator in the dual-radiation structure is not less than the width of the 100-ohm microstrip line guide strip. The coordinates of the starting end of the adjustable electrode of each radiator along the antenna radiation direction can be set to different, and the coordinates of the connection position between the adjustable electrode end and the top metal shell along the antenna radiation direction can also be set to different. When the coordinates of the adjustable electrode ends along the antenna radiation direction are the same, the two can overlap; when each adjustable electrode does not exceed the rectangular area occupied by the external metal shell, the width of the adjustable electrode end can be greater than the end width of the upper plate of the TEM horn of each radiator.

6. A high-gain electromagnetic combined dipole antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: Air is selected as the filling medium of the microstrip power divider structure in the feeding part.

7. A high-gain electromagnetic combined dipole antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The lateral distance between the two 100-ohm microstrip conductors in the microstrip power divider structure of the feeding part is reasonably selected through numerical simulation optimization based on the width and position of the end of the upper plate of each TEM horn in the dual-radiating structure; the length of each microstrip conductor in the microstrip power divider structure, the starting and end positions of the adjustable electrode are obtained through numerical simulation optimization according to actual design requirements.

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