Solid molded body and use of solid molded body

Abstract

The present invention relates to a solid molded body (1) having a cylindrical form, said cylindrical form having a first base region (3), a second base region (5) and a side region (7), wherein the solid molded body (1) comprises a first number of grooves (9) in the side region (7), each extending from the first base region (3) to the second base region (5), and a second number of openings (11), each extending from the first base region (3) to the second base region (5), and wherein the second number of openings (11) is in the range from 2 to 8, the second number of openings (11) is greater than the first number of grooves (9), and wherein the ratio between a first radius (13) of at least one groove (9) and a second radius (15) of at least one opening (11) is at least 1.15. The present invention further relates to the use of the solid molded body (1).

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a solid shaped body having a cylindrical form, said cylindrical form having a first base region, a second base region and a lateral region, wherein the solid shaped body comprises a first number of grooves in the lateral region, each extending from the first base region to the second base region, and a second number of openings, each extending from the first base region to the second base region. The present invention further relates to the use of the solid shaped body as a catalyst.

[0002] The performance of a solid shaped body, especially when used as a catalyst, depends to a large extent on the shape and thus on the geometry of the shaped body. Mechanical strength, pressure drop, packed bed density and bed mass diffusivity constitute examples of performance metrics. Also important parameters are the weight, specific surface area and heat transfer as well as mass transfer properties of an individual solid shaped body.

[0003] Solid shaped bodies are used, for example, for the reforming of hydrocarbons to synthesis gas, where catalysts based on Ni- or Co-containing oxides can be used.

[0004] WO 2013 / 118078 A1 relates to catalysts containing hexaaluminate for hydrocarbon reforming and a reforming process. The catalysts are prepared as blocks, tablets or strip bundles.

[0005] EP 2 323 762 B1 describes shaped hydrogenous catalyst bodies having an equal number of holes and grooves.

[0006] DE 27 19 543 A1 discloses ceramic bodies for binding catalysts. Cylinders having a circular outer periphery are exemplified.

[0007] DE 39 35 073 A1 discloses a process for the catalytic dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons. A catalyst body in the form of a gear with rectangular cocks is employed.

[0008] WO 2007 / 051602 A1 relates to a shaped catalyst body for the preparation of maleic anhydride. A shaped catalyst body in the form of a prism providing two triangular faces is proposed.

[0009] WO 2020 / 120078 A1 relates to a catalytic system comprising a tubular reactor and at least one catalyst particle located within the tubular reactor. The relationship between the form of the catalyst particle and the form of the tubular reactor is considered to improve heat transfer conditions.

[0010] US 4,441,990 relates to cross-sectional shapes for forming catalyst extrudates that can be used in hydrocarbon processing operations, such as rectangular tubes and triangular tubes.

[0011] DE 31 41 942 A1 relates to a catalyst shaped body in the form of a cylinder, which has a specific circumference, wherein the convexities are wider than the concavities.

[0012] WO 2010 / 029324 A1 relates to a catalyst unit, which comprises a cylinder showing five holes arranged in a pentagonal pattern and five riffles.

[0013] WO 2006 / 114320 A1 describes a cylindrical catalyst element, on the peripheral surface of which embossing is provided.

[0014] Generally, the geometry of a catalyst solid shaped body is optimized only for one performance index, such as pressure drop or surface area, while other performance indices are ignored. An object of the present invention is to provide a solid shaped body that achieves an improvement in at least one performance index while showing good performance in the remaining performance indices. Therefore, the solid shaped body should provide a directional compromise between various performance indices, including pressure drop, surface area, mechanical strength, weight of a single shaped body, packed bed density, specific surface area of the packed bed, heat transfer properties and mass transfer properties.

[0015] This object is achieved by a solid shaped body having a cylindrical form, which has a first base region, a second base region and a lateral region, wherein the solid shaped body comprises a first number of grooves in the lateral region, each extending from the first base region to the second base region, and a second number of openings, each extending from the first base region to the second base region, and wherein the second number of openings is in the range from 2 to 8, the second number of openings is greater than the first number of grooves, and wherein the ratio between the first radius of at least one groove and the second radius of at least one opening is at least 1.15.

[0016] The first radius of the at least one groove is preferably in the range from 0.8 mm to 10.0 mm, more preferably in the range from 2.0 mm to 7.0 mm.

[0017] The solid shaped body has a basic shape of a cylinder, wherein the first base region and the second base region are preferably arranged parallel to each other, especially in the case of a planar base region, and / or arranged as a mirror image, especially in the case of a curved or arched base region. The first base region and the second base region are preferably connected by the lateral region. The lateral region comprises a first number of grooves, such that the periphery of the cross-section of the shaped body is interrupted by the grooves, which may also be referred to as slots or embossings. The grooves may have rounded edges.

[0018] The solid shaped body further comprises a second number of open holes, which may also be referred to as pores and penetrate the solid shaped body from the first base region to the second base region. The first number relates to the grooves and the second number relates to the open holes. In a cross-sectional view, the perimeter of the open hole is completely surrounded by the shaped body, whereas, in contrast, the groove is only located at the outer perimeter of the solid shaped body, which is a recess of the perimeter of the solid shaped body.

[0019] Preferably, the longitudinal axes, more preferably the central axes, of the solid shaped body, the grooves and / or the open holes are arranged parallel to each other. The term "parallel" is understood to mean that the longitudinal axes, more preferably the central axes, of the solid shaped body, the grooves and / or the open holes enclose an angle of less than 20°, preferably less than 10°, more preferably less than 5°, and most preferably less than 2° respectively.

[0020] Preferably, the shaped body comprises 3 to 7 open holes. In a first preferred embodiment, the solid shaped body comprises five open holes. In a second preferred embodiment, the solid shaped body comprises four open holes.

[0021] The solid shaped body comprises more open holes than grooves. In particular, the difference between the second number of open holes and the first number of grooves is exactly 1, so that the solid shaped body comprises one more open hole than grooves.

[0022] The ratio between the first radius of the at least one groove and the second radius of the at least one open hole is preferably in the range of 1.15 to 4.5. In the case where the second radius is the smallest radius present in all the open holes, the ratio between the first radius and the second radius can be in the range of 3.5 to 9.0. In the case where the second radius is the largest radius present in all the open holes, the ratio between the first radius and the second radius is more preferably in the range of 1.3 to 4.5.

[0023] Each open hole preferably has a circular or elliptical cross-section. The second radius can be the radius of the circular or elliptical cross-section. The elliptical cross-section is characterized by a small radius, in particular a minimum radius, and a large radius, in particular a maximum radius, which are marked as the radial radius and the tangential radius respectively with respect to the center of the solid shaped body. The radial radius can be the small radius of the elliptical cross-section and the tangential radius can be the large radius of the elliptical cross-section, or vice versa. The term "the second radius of the at least one open hole" can refer to the radial radius or the tangential radius of the elliptical cross-section.

[0024] Preferably, the second number of openings includes a central opening and at least one peripheral opening. The second number of openings is preferably the sum of the number of peripheral openings and the central opening. The perimeter of the at least one peripheral opening is still completely contained within and surrounded by the solid shaped body. The central opening includes a first center and preferably extends along the central axis of the solid shaped body. In particular, the first center is located on the central axis of the solid shaped body. The center is understood to be the geometric center. The possible offset between the first center of the central opening and the central axis of the solid shaped body is less than the offset between the second center of the peripheral opening and the central axis of the solid shaped body.

[0025] Preferably, the peripheral openings are equidistant from adjacent peripheral openings and equidistant from the central opening - with reference to the centers of the central opening and the peripheral openings respectively.

[0026] Furthermore, the at least one peripheral opening has at least one third radius, and for all of the at least one peripheral opening, the at least one third radius is preferably equal. In the case of an oval peripheral opening, the at least one third radius may include a radial radius and a tangential radius. Most preferably, for all of the at least one peripheral opening, all of the at least one third radius are equal.

[0027] The central opening has a fourth radius, and the fourth radius may be less than or greater than the at least one third radius of the at least one peripheral opening. Preferably, the fourth radius is less than the at least one third radius of the at least one peripheral opening. More preferably, the fourth radius is less than all of the at least one third radius of all of the at least one peripheral opening.

[0028] The fourth radius of the central opening is preferably in the range of 0.5 mm to 8.0 mm, more preferably 0.6 mm to 2.0 mm.

[0029] Preferably, the first number of grooves is equal to the third number of peripheral openings. More preferably, each of the at least one peripheral opening is arranged between two grooves. Accordingly, the peripheral openings and the grooves are preferably arranged in separate segments of the circular cross-section of the solid shaped body. The segment in which the peripheral opening is arranged instead of the groove may also be referred to as a lobe. Preferably, one lobe is arranged between two grooves, and one groove is arranged between two lobes. Accordingly, the grooves and the lobes are preferably arranged in an alternating manner on the perimeter of the solid shaped body and thus in the side region.

[0030] Preferably, the ratio between the first distance from the first center of the central opening, in particular from the central axis of the solid body, to the second center of the at least one peripheral opening and the diameter of the solid body is in the range from 0.20 to 0.40, more preferably from 0.25 to 0.32. The first distance from the first center of the central opening, in particular from the central axis of the solid body, to the second center of the at least one peripheral opening is preferably in the range from 3.2 to 9.0 mm, more preferably from 3.6 to 6.0 mm.

[0031] The central opening preferably has a circular cross-section. The at least one peripheral opening may have an elliptical cross-section. The smaller radius of the ellipse may extend radially or tangentially with reference to the solid body. The ratio between the tangential radius and the radial radius of the elliptical cross-section of the at least one peripheral opening is preferably in the range from 0.2 to 1.7, more preferably from 0.3 to 1.6.

[0032] The radial radius and the tangential radius of the at least one peripheral opening are preferably in the range from 0.1 mm to 6.0 mm, more preferably from 0.8 mm to 4.0 mm.

[0033] Preferably, the solid body comprises at least three grooves. In a first preferred embodiment in which the solid body comprises five openings, the solid body more preferably comprises four grooves. In a second preferred embodiment in which the solid body comprises four openings, the solid body more preferably comprises three grooves. The grooves are preferably arranged equidistantly with respect to adjacent grooves and with respect to the central axis of the solid body.

[0034] Preferably, the ratio between the first radius of the at least one groove and the diameter of the solid body is in the range from 0.04 to 0.70, more preferably from 0.10 to 0.50, most preferably from 0.15 to 0.40. Preferably, all grooves have the same radius, which is referred to as the first radius.

[0035] The grooves have a fictitious third center of their cross-sectional area, which may be located outside the solid body. The ratio between the second distance from the central axis of the solid body to the third center of the at least one groove and the diameter of the solid body is preferably in the range from 0.30 to 1.0, more preferably from 0.45 to 0.80. The second distance between the third center of the at least one groove and the central axis of the solid body is preferably in the range from 5.0 mm to 15.0 mm, more preferably from 6.0 mm to 14.5 mm.

[0036] Preferably, the ratio between the diameter and the height of the solid molded body is in the range of 0.50 to 2.00, more preferably 1.00 to 1.70, still more preferably 1.25 to 1.70. The diameter of the solid molded body is preferably the maximum diameter of the cross-section of the solid molded body, and the height of the solid molded body is preferably understood to be the maximum distance between the first base region and the second base region measured perpendicular to the base region.

[0037] Preferably, the diameter of the solid molded body is in the range of 10.0 mm to 25.0 mm, more preferably 12.5 mm to 19.5 mm. The height of the solid molded body is preferably in the range of 5.0 mm to 17.0 mm, more preferably 7.5 mm to 15.0 mm.

[0038] Furthermore, the side region of the solid molded body can be divided into a vertical part and two inclined parts, where the vertical part is preferably located between the two inclined parts, for example in the form of a belt. The surface of the vertical part is more preferably oriented parallel to the central axis of the solid molded body.

[0039] The vertical part of the side region, which can also be referred to as a slit, has a slit length. In this embodiment, the ratio between the slit length and the height of the solid molded body is preferably at most 0.1. More preferably, the slit length is in the range of 0.01 mm to 1.00 mm, still more preferably 0.10 mm to 1.00 mm. In particular, the vertical part of the side shows the large diameter of the solid molded body.

[0040] In the case where there are inclined parts in the side region, the inclined parts of the side region preferably incline from the vertical part towards the central axis of the solid molded body. Preferably, the inclined parts incline at an angle of 0.1° to 5.0°, more preferably 1.0° to 5.0°, which can also be referred to as the pitch angle.

[0041] The first base region and / or the second base region of the solid molded body is preferably arched. More preferably, the first base region and the second base region are arched. In particular, the ratio between the apex height with respect to the first base region and / or the second base region and the diameter of the solid molded body is in the range of 0.05 to 0.40, more preferably 0.05 to 0.25. The apex height is preferably in the range of 0.6 mm to 6.0 mm, more preferably in the range of 0.8 mm to 4.5 mm. The apex is understood to be the top and the bottom of the solid molded body respectively, where its surface bends in two directions. Accordingly, the apex and thus the apex height end where the side region bends only in one direction (which is with reference to the radial direction of the solid molded body).

[0042] The present invention further relates to the use of a solid shaped body as a catalyst, preferably for reforming one or more hydrocarbons, preferably in the presence of carbon dioxide, into synthesis gas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide, wherein the hydrocarbon is preferably selected from methane, ethane, propane and butane, and more preferably the hydrocarbon is methane.

[0043] More preferably, the solid shaped body is used in a process for reforming one or more hydrocarbons, preferably methane, into synthesis gas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide, the process comprising

[0044] (a) providing a reactor comprising a reaction zone containing the solid shaped body;

[0045] (b) feeding a reactant gas stream into the reaction zone obtained from (a), wherein the reactant gas stream fed into the reaction zone comprises the one or more hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide and water; subjecting the reactant gas stream to reforming conditions in the reaction zone; and discharging a product stream from the reaction zone, the product stream comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide.

[0046] The solid shaped body preferably comprises a mixed oxide. More preferably, the mixed oxide comprises cobalt, or the mixed oxide comprises nickel. Further preferably, the mixed oxide comprises oxygen, aluminium, cobalt and at least one rare earth metal such as lanthanum, or the mixed oxide comprises oxygen, aluminium, nickel and at least one alkaline earth metal such as magnesium. In particular, the at least one rare earth metal is lanthanum. In particular, the at least one alkaline earth metal is magnesium.

[0047] Preferably, 50 wt% to 100 wt%, more preferably 60 wt% to 100 wt%, still more preferably 70 wt% to 100 wt%, further preferably 80 wt% to 100 wt%, in particular 90 wt% to 100 wt%, particularly preferably 95 wt% to 100 wt%, most preferably 99 wt% to 100 wt% of the solid shaped body consists of the mixed oxide and optionally at least one suitable binder. 99 wt% to 100 wt%, still more preferably 99.5 wt% to 100 wt%, most preferably 99.9 wt% to 100 wt% of the solid shaped body may also consist of the mixed oxide.

[0048] In the case where the mixed oxide contains nickel, the mixed oxide preferably contains at least a nickel-magnesium mixed oxide and magnesium spinel, and optionally aluminum oxide hydroxide. The nickel-magnesium mixed oxide preferably has an average crystallite size of ≤100 nm, more preferably ≤70 nm, still more preferably ≤50 nm. The magnesium spinel phase preferably has an average crystallite size of ≤100 nm, more preferably ≤70 nm, still more preferably ≤50 nm. The proportion of nickel in the mixed oxide is preferably about 30 mol%, more preferably in the range of 6 mol% to 30 mol%. The proportion of magnesium is preferably in the range of 8 mol% to 38 mol%, more preferably 23 mol% to 35 mol%. The proportion of aluminum is preferably in the range of 50 mol% to 70 mol%. The intensity of the diffraction reflection at 43.09° 2θ of the mixed oxide is preferably less than or equal to the intensity of the diffraction reflection at 44.82° 2θ, and the intensity of the diffraction reflection at 43.08° 2θ is more preferably less than the intensity of the reflection at 44.72° 2θ.

[0049] The solid shaped body can be made, for example, as described in EP 3 574 994 A1, especially when the solid shaped body contains a nickel-containing mixed oxide.

[0050] In the case where the mixed oxide contains cobalt, the weight ratio of cobalt to aluminum in the mixed oxide, calculated as an element, is preferably at least 0.17:1.

[0051] Regarding the contents of cobalt, lanthanum, and aluminum in the mixed oxide contained in the solid shaped body, there are no particular limitations. Preferably, 6 wt% to 9 wt%, more preferably 6.5 wt% to 8.5 wt%, most preferably 7 wt% to 8 wt% of the mixed oxide, calculated as an element, consists of cobalt. In addition, preferably, 15 wt% to 20 wt%, more preferably 16 wt% to 19 wt%, most preferably 17 wt% to 18 wt%, especially 17.5 wt% to 17.8 wt% of the mixed oxide, calculated as an element, consists of lanthanum. In addition, preferably, 33 wt% to 40 wt%, more preferably 34 wt% to 38 wt%, most preferably 35 wt% to 37 wt%, especially 35.5 wt% to 36.5 wt% of the mixed oxide, calculated as an element, consists of aluminum.

[0052] The cobalt-containing mixed oxide may contain an amorphous phase, one or more crystalline phases, or an amorphous phase and one or more crystalline phases. Preferably, the mixed oxide contains one or more crystalline phases, more preferably at least two crystalline phases, most preferably at least three crystalline phases. Preferably, 80 wt% to 100 wt% of the mixed oxide is in crystalline form, more preferably 90 wt% to 100 wt%, most preferably 92 wt% to 100 wt%.

[0053] In addition, preferably, the mixed oxide contains LaCoAl 11 O 19 crystalline phase and one or more of LaAl(Co)O3 crystalline phases. When the mixed oxide contains LaCoAl 11 O 19 crystalline phase and LaAl(Co)O3 crystalline phase, preferably, the weight ratio of LaCoAl 11 O 19 to LaAl(Co)O3 measured by XRD is in the range of 5:1 to 30:1, more preferably in the range of 10:1 to 25:1, most preferably in the range of 12:1 to 22:1, especially in the range of 13:1 to 20:1, for example in the range of 13:1 to 15:1. Particularly preferably, the mixed oxide contains another crystalline phase La(OH)3. In addition, particularly preferably, the mixed oxide contains another crystalline phase LaAlO3.

[0054] In addition, preferably, the mixed oxide contains another crystalline phase CoAl2O4. When the mixed oxide contains at least LaCoAl 11 O 19 crystalline phase and CoAl2O4 crystalline phase, preferably, the weight ratio of LaCoAl 11 O 19 to CoAl2O4 in the mixed oxide is in the range of 8:1 to 35:1, more preferably in the range of 10:1 to 30:1, further preferably in the range of 12:1 to 30:1, especially in the range of 15:1 to 27:1, most preferably in the range of 17:1 to 25:1, for example in the range of 20:1 to 22:1.

[0055] Preferably, the solid formed body is a calcined solid formed body. More preferably, the solid formed body is a calcined solid formed body, wherein in the first alternative, calcination has been carried out in a gas atmosphere having a temperature of 350°C to 450°C, preferably 390°C to 410°C. In addition, preferably, the gas atmosphere contains oxygen, more preferably one or more of oxygen, air or lean air. Preferably, the calcination is carried out for 2 hours to 10 hours.

[0056] In the second alternative, more preferably, the solid formed body is a calcined solid formed body, wherein calcination has been carried out in a gas atmosphere having a temperature of 1100°C to 1400°C, more preferably 1175°C to 1225°C, wherein the gas atmosphere preferably contains oxygen, more preferably one or more of oxygen, air or lean air. Preferably, the calcination is carried out for 2 hours to 10 hours.

[0057] The solid shaped body can be produced, for example, by a method comprising the following:

[0058] (i) Preparing a mixture comprising a lanthanum salt, a cobalt salt, an oxidic aluminum compound and an acid, wherein one or more of the lanthanum salt and the cobalt salt, preferably both the lanthanum salt and the cobalt salt, are not nitrates;

[0059] (ii) Preparing a solid shaped body from the mixture obtained in (i), which comprises

[0060] (ii.1) Subjecting the mixture obtained in (i) to a shaping process to obtain a first solid shaped body;

[0061] (ii.2) Drying the first solid shaped body obtained in (ii.1), preferably in a gas atmosphere;

[0062] (ii.3) Calcining the first solid shaped body obtained in (ii.1) or (ii.2), preferably obtained in (ii.2), in a gas atmosphere having a temperature of 350 °C to 470 °C;

[0063] (iii) Optionally subjecting the calcined first solid shaped body obtained in (ii) to a reshaping process to obtain a second solid shaped body having a geometry different from that of the first solid shaped body;

[0064] (iv) Calcining the solid shaped body obtained in (ii) or (iii), preferably obtained in (iii), in a gas atmosphere having a temperature of 1100 °C to 1400 °C to obtain a solid shaped body comprising a mixed oxide.

[0065] Preferably, preparing the mixture according to (i) comprises kneading the mixture.

[0066] Furthermore, preferably, when carrying out the reshaping process in (iii), subjecting the mixture obtained in (i) to the shaping process according to (ii.1) comprises extrusion, more preferably consists of extrusion.

[0067] Regarding the drying according to (ii.2), according to a first alternative, preferably the first solid shaped body is dried in a gas atmosphere which preferably has a temperature of 50 °C to 150 °C, more preferably 80 °C to 110 °C, wherein the gas atmosphere preferably contains oxygen, more preferably is one or more of oxygen, air or lean air, and wherein the drying according to (ii.2) is preferably carried out for 5 hours to 25 hours.

[0068] Regarding the drying according to (ii.2), according to the second alternative, it is preferred that the first solid formed body is dried in a gas atmosphere which preferably has a temperature of 80 °C to 150 °C, more preferably 90 °C to 140 °C, wherein the gas atmosphere preferably contains oxygen, more preferably one or more of oxygen, air or lean air, wherein the drying according to (ii.2) is preferably carried out for 0.2 hours to 2 hours, and wherein it is preferred to use a belt dryer for drying.

[0069] Regarding the calcination according to (ii.3), according to the first alternative, it is preferred that the first solid formed body is calcined in a gas atmosphere having a temperature of 350 °C to 450 °C, more preferably 390 °C to 410 °C. In addition, it is preferred that the gas atmosphere contains oxygen, more preferably one or more of oxygen, air or lean air. In addition, the calcination according to (ii.3) is preferably carried out for 2 hours to 10 hours.

[0070] Regarding the calcination according to (ii.3), according to the second alternative, it is preferred that the first solid formed body is calcined according to (ii.3) in a rotary kiln in a gas atmosphere having a temperature of 350 °C to 450 °C, more preferably 390 °C to 410 °C. In addition, it is preferred that the gas atmosphere contains oxygen, more preferably one or more of oxygen, air or lean air. In the case where the first solid formed body is calcined according to (ii.3) as disclosed herein, the calcination preferably includes separating carbon dioxide from the gas stream, more preferably using a carbon dioxide scrubber.

[0071] Regarding the reforming according to (iii), it is preferred that the reforming according to (iii) includes crushing the calcined solid formed body obtained from (ii) and subjecting the resulting crushed material to a reforming process to obtain a second solid formed body, wherein the crushing is more preferably carried out by milling.

[0072] In the case of reforming comprising crushing the calcined solid compact obtained from (ii) and subjecting the resulting crushed material to a reforming process to obtain a second solid compact, it is particularly preferred that, after crushing the calcined solid compact obtained from (ii) and before subjecting the resulting crushed material to the reforming process according to (iii), the method further comprises preparing a mixture comprising the crushed material and one or more binders, more preferably one or more of graphite, polysaccharides, sugar alcohols and synthetic polymers, still more preferably one or more of graphite, sugar alcohols, synthetic polymers, cellulose, modified cellulose and starch, most preferably a mixture of graphite, sugar alcohols, synthetic polymers, microcrystalline cellulose, cellulose ethers, more preferably graphite, sorbitol, mannitol, polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC). In this regard, according to a first alternative, it is preferred that in the mixture, the weight ratio of the one or more binders to the crushed material is preferably in the range of 1:10 to 1:20, more preferably in the range of 1:12 to 1:18, still more preferably in the range of 1:13 to 1:17. According to a second alternative, it is preferred that in the mixture, calculated relative to the total weight of the mixture, the weight of the one or more binders is in the range of 0.5 wt% to 10 wt%, more preferably in the range of 2 wt% to 9 wt%, still more preferably in the range of 4 wt% to 8 wt%, most preferably in the range of 5 wt% to 7 wt%.

[0073] Furthermore, in the case of reforming comprising crushing the calcined solid compact obtained from (ii) and subjecting the resulting crushed material to a reforming process to obtain a second solid compact, it is preferred that, after crushing the calcined solid compact obtained from (ii) and before the reforming process according to (iii), the method further comprises separating the particles of the crushed material into two or more fractions according to their size. Preferably, the reforming process is applied to those particle fractions having the smallest size, preferably to that particle fraction having the smallest size. Preferably, the particles having the smallest size have a maximum diameter of 2.0 mm, more preferably 1.5 mm, still more preferably 1.0 mm. It is generally conceivable to have fractions with even smaller maximum sizes, such as 0.75 mm or 0.5 mm.

[0074] In the case where one or more particle fractions that do not have the minimum size are separated, it is particularly preferred to crush again the one or more fractions to separate those particle fractions having the minimum size for subjecting to the reshaping process according to (iii), preferably the particle fraction having the minimum size. According to the above, preferably, the particles having the minimum size have a maximum diameter of 2.0 mm, more preferably 1.5 mm, still more preferably 1.0 mm, and thus it is also conceivable to have fractions with even smaller maximum sizes, such as 0.75 mm or 0.5 mm.

[0075] In the case where the reshaping involves crushing the calcined solid shaped body obtained from (ii) and subjecting the resulting crushed material to a reshaping process to obtain a second solid shaped body, before the reshaping process according to (iii), the method further comprises separating the particles of the crushed material into two or more fractions according to their sizes, and the method preferably further comprises recycling at least a part of the particles of the one or more fractions that do not have the minimum size to step (i) of the method, which comprises preparing the mixture according to (i), which comprises a lanthanum salt, a cobalt salt, an alumina compound, an acid, more preferably water, and at least said part of the fraction.

[0076] Furthermore, it is particularly preferred that 65 wt% to 95 wt%, more preferably 75 wt% to 95 wt%, still more preferably 85 wt% to 95 wt% of the mixture prepared in (i) consists of a lanthanum salt, a cobalt salt, an alumina compound, an acid, more preferably water, and 5 wt% to 35 wt%, more preferably 5 wt% to 25 wt%, still more preferably 5 wt% to 15 wt% of the mixture consists of the fraction.

[0077] It is particularly preferred that the particles of the one or more fractions that do not have the minimum size are re-agglomerated, preferably by compaction. More preferably, the resulting re-agglomerated particles are recycled to the reshaping according to (iii). As a first alternative, the resulting re-agglomerated particles alone, thus as the first calcined solid shaped body obtained from (ii), are recycled to the reshaping according to (iii). As a second alternative, the resulting re-agglomerated particles are recycled to the reshaping according to (iii) together with the first calcined solid shaped body obtained from (ii).

[0078] Furthermore, it is preferred that the reshaping process according to (iii) comprises tableting, more preferably consists of tableting.

[0079] Regarding the calcination according to (iv) of the solid shaped body obtained from (ii) or (iii), preferably, (iv) comprises drying the solid shaped body obtained from (ii) or (iii), more preferably obtained from (iii), in a gas atmosphere having a temperature of 50 °C to 250 °C, more preferably 80 °C to 100 °C, before calcination, wherein the gas atmosphere preferably contains oxygen, more preferably one or more of oxygen, air or lean air, and wherein the drying is more preferably carried out for 5 hours to 22 hours.

[0080] Regarding the calcination according to (iv) of a second solid shaped body, preferably the second solid shaped body is calcined in a gas atmosphere having a temperature of 1125 °C to 1275 °C, more preferably 1175 °C to 1225 °C, wherein the gas atmosphere more preferably contains oxygen, more preferably one or more of oxygen, air or lean air, and wherein the calcination according to (iv) is more preferably carried out for 2 hours to 10 hours.

[0081] Furthermore, preferably, the method for producing a solid shaped body consists of steps (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv), where (iv) preferably comprises drying as described above. In this regard, preferably, (i) is more preferably carried out before (ii), where (ii) is more preferably carried out before (iii), where (iii) is more preferably carried out before (iv), where (ii) is more preferably carried out after (i), where (iii) is more preferably carried out after (ii), and where (iv) is more preferably carried out after (iii). Brief Description of the Drawings

[0083] The present invention is described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0084] Figure 1 shows a longitudinal section of a solid shaped body having a cylindrical form,

[0085] Figure 2 shows a cross section of a solid shaped body having a cylindrical form comprising openings and grooves,

[0086] Figures 3 to 5 shows a test configuration for determining the lateral crushing strength,

[0087] Figure 6 and 7 shows a perspective view and a cross section of a solid shaped body according to the state of the art, respectively,

[0088] Figure 8 shows a perspective view of another solid shaped body according to the state of the art,

[0089] Figure 9 shows a side view of a solid shaped body of a first embodiment having a cylindrical form comprising four grooves and five openings,

[0090] Figure 10 Shows a top view of a solid molded body of a first embodiment having a cylindrical form with four grooves and five openings.

[0091] Figures 11 to 14 Shows a solid molded body of a first embodiment having a cylindrical form with four grooves and five openings, and

[0092] Figures 15 to 17 shows a solid molded body of a second embodiment having a cylindrical form with three grooves and four openings.

[0093] Figure 1 Shows a longitudinal section of a solid molded body 1 having a cylindrical form. The solid molded body 1 includes a first base region 3 and a second base region 5, which are connected by a side region 7. The side region 7 includes a notch 6 and an inclination 8. In Figure 1 the exemplary embodiment, the first base region 3 and the second base region 5 are arched and have a crown height 35. The solid molded body 1 has a height 19 and a diameter 17.

[0094] Figure 2 Shows a cross-section of a solid molded body 1 having a cylindrical form and including three grooves 9 and four openings 11. The grooves 9 are located on the side 7 of the solid molded body 1. In addition, the grooves 9 and the openings 11 extend from the first base region 3 to the second base region 5 of the solid molded body 1. The grooves 9 are arranged equidistantly from each other and have a first radius 13, which is greater than a second radius 15 of at least one opening 11.

[0095] The four openings 11 include a central opening 21 and three peripheral openings 23. Each peripheral opening 23 is arranged between two grooves 9, and vice versa. Two adjacent grooves 9 are separated from each other by a lobe 37. Thus, according to Figure 2 the solid molded body 1 includes three lobes 37.

[0096] Each peripheral opening 23 is located in one of the lobes 37. The peripheral opening 23 has an elliptical cross-section and thus two third radii 25. In Figure 2 the exemplary embodiment, the tangential radius 39 is greater than the radial radius 41.

[0097] The central opening 21 has a fourth radius 27. In addition, the central opening 21 has a first center 31, which is located on the central axis 30 of the solid molded body 1, and the peripheral opening 23 has a second center 33. A first distance 29 between the first center 31 of the solid molded body 1 and the second center 33 of the peripheral opening 23 is represented as the radius of the circle in which the second center 33 of the peripheral opening 23 is located.

[0098] In addition, a second distance 43 from a first center 31 of the central opening 21 to a third center 45 of the groove 9 is represented as the radius of a circle in which the third center 45 of the groove 9 lies. Each third center 45 refers to a fictitious circle, the arc of which forms one of the grooves 9.

[0099] Figures 3 to 5 Three different test configurations for determining the side crush strength (SCS) of the solid molded body 1 are shown, in which the solid molded body 1 is in three different positions in the testing machine 47. According to Figure 3 , the determination of the side crush strength A is presented. Here, the sample solid molded body 1 is in a test position standing on the vertically oriented groove 9. Figure 4 The determination of the side crush strength B is shown, in which the sample solid molded body 1 stands on the blade 37 and is rotated Figure 3 45° or 60° compared to the configuration shown in Figure 5 . In the case of an odd number of blades, the side crush strength B is equivalent to the side crush strength A, since each blade is opposite a groove. According to

[0100] Figure 6 A perspective view of the solid molded body 1 according to the state of the art is shown, Figure 7 showing a cross-section of the solid molded body 1 according to Figure 6 . The solid molded body 1 comprises four grooves 9 and four openings 11 extending through the solid molded body 1 from a first base region 3.

[0101] Figure 8 A perspective view of another solid molded body 1 according to the state of the art is shown, which also comprises the same number of grooves 9 as the openings 11.

[0102] Figures 9 to 14 A solid molded body 1 of a first embodiment comprising four grooves 9 and five openings 11 is shown, wherein one opening 11 is a central opening 21 and three openings 11 are peripheral openings 23.

[0103] According to a first embodiment having a cylindrical form comprising four grooves and five openings, respectively, Figure 9 a side view of the solid molded body 1 is shown, Figure 10 showing a top view of the solid molded body 1.

[0104] According to Figure 10The solid formed body 1 has a diameter 17 of 16.5 mm and a height 19 of 10 mm. The groove 9 is characterized by a first radius 13 of 2.825 mm. In addition, each groove 9 has an edge 49 rounded with a fillet radius 51 of 0.8 mm. In addition, the peripheral opening 23 has a third radius 25 of 1.25 mm, the central opening 21 has a fourth radius 27 of 1.5 mm, and the first distance 29 between the first center 31 of the central opening 21 and the second center 33 of the peripheral opening 23 reaches 4.9 mm. The two lines respectively connecting the third center 45 of two adjacent grooves 9 and the first center 31 of the central opening 21 enclose a groove angle 53 of 90°.

[0105] According to Figure 11 the solid formed body 1 corresponds to Figure 10 the solid formed body 1 shown in

[0106] In Figures 12 to 14 the peripheral opening 23 has an elliptical cross-section, in which according to Figure 12 and 13 the tangential radius 39 is smaller than the radial radius 41.

[0107] According to Figure 12 and 13 the radial radius 41 is larger than the fourth radius 27 of the central opening 21. The fourth radius 27 of the central opening 21 is also smaller than the tangential radius 39 of the peripheral opening 23.

[0108] Different from Figure 12 and 13 according to Figure 14 the solid formed body 1 shown in

[0109] In Figures 15 to 17 a solid formed body 1 with three grooves 9, three peripheral openings 23 and one central opening 21 is presented.

[0110] According to Figure 15 all the openings 11 have a circular cross-section. The third radius 25 of the peripheral opening 23 is larger than the fourth radius 27 of the central opening 21.

[0111] According to Figure 16 and 17 the peripheral opening 23 has an elliptical cross-section. In Figure 16 the tangential radius 39 is larger than the radial radius 41, according to Figure 17, the radial radius 41 is greater than the tangential radius 39 of the peripheral opening 23. Additionally, the fourth radius 27 of the central opening 21 is less than all the third radii 25 of the peripheral opening 23.

[0112] Examples and Comparative Examples

[0113] The dimensions of the solid molded bodies according to Comparative Examples 1.1, 1.2, 1.2.1, and 1.2.2 are summarized in Table 1. The given reference numerals refer respectively to Figure 1 and 2 .

[0114] Table 1

[0115] Comparative Example Number Reference Signs Unit 1.1 1.2 1.2.1 1.2.2 Diameter 17 mm 13.00 16.50 14.03 12.87 Second Radius 15 mm 0.00 0.00 Height 19 mm 17.00 10.00 8.50 7.80 Crown Height 35 mm 1.10 1.10 First Radius 13 mm 1.50 2.05 Second Distance 43 mm 6.50 8.25 First Distance 29 mm 3.40 4.10 Tangential Radius 39 mm 1.65 1.90 Radial Radius 41 mm 1.65 1.90 First Quantity - - 4 4

[0116] As Figures 11 to 17 shown, the dimensions of the solid molded bodies according to Examples 2.1 to 2.4 and 3.1 to 3.3 are summarized in Tables 2 and 3.

[0117] Table 2

[0118] Reference Signs Unit 2.1 2.1.1 2.1.2 2.2 2.3 2.4 Diameter 17 mm 16.50 14.03 12.87 18.06 18.02 17.13 Second Radius 15 mm 1.50 0.75 0.67 1.12 Height 19 mm 10.00 8.50 7.80 13.07 13.37 12.45 Crown Height 35 mm 1.10 3.64 3.13 2.56 First Radius 13 mm 2.83 5.78 5.78 3.25 Second Distance 43 mm 8.25 12.30 12.93 9.81 First Distance 29 mm 4.90 5.16 5.08 4.73 Tangential Radius 39 mm 1.25 0.88 1.77 2.46 Radial Radius 41 mm 1.25 2.86 2.86 1.59 First Quantity - - 4 4 4 4 4 4 Notch 6 mm 0 0 0 0 0 0 Inclination Angle 8 ° 0 0 0 0 0 0

[0119] Table 3

[0120] Reference Signs Unit 3.1 3.2 3.2.1 3.2.2 3.3 Diameter 17 mm 18.24 18.81 15.99 14.67 19.17 Second Radius 15 mm 1.49 1.06 1.83 Height 19 mm 11.39 14.74 12.53 11.50 14.11 Crown Height 35 mm 1.21 4.40 3.67 First Radius 13 mm 3.38 6.97 3.14 Second Distance 43 mm 9.61 14.30 9.85 First Distance 29 mm 5.01 5.01 5.80 Tangential Radius 39 mm 2.49 3.53 1.64 Radial Radius 41 mm 2.13 2.23 2.77 First Quantity - - 3 3 3 3 3 Notch 6 mm 0 0 0 0 0 Inclination Angle 8 ° 0 0 0 0 0

[0121] For all examples and comparative examples, the surface area, volume, and relative weight of the respective solid molded bodies are calculated and summarized in Table 4. The volume refers to the volume filled with the material and thus is the total outer volume of the solid molded body minus the internal volumes of the openings and grooves.

[0122] The geometric surface area and geometric volume of each solid molded body are determined by CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulation of a CAD (Computer-Aided Design) model based on the geometry of each solid molded body.

[0123] Table 4

[0124] Nb. <![CDATA[Surface area (m 2 )]]> <![CDATA[Volume (m 3 )]]> Relative Weight 1.1 <![CDATA[1.53·10 -3 > <![CDATA[1.36·10 -6 > 1.07 1.2 <![CDATA[1.19·10 -3 > <![CDATA[1.26·10 -6 > 1.00 1.2.1 <![CDATA[0.86·10 -3 > <![CDATA[0.80·10 -6 > 0.63 1.2.2 <![CDATA[0.72·10 -3 > <![CDATA[0.62·10 -6 > 0.49 2.1 <![CDATA[1.13·10 -3 > <![CDATA[1.25·10 -6 > 0.99 2.1.1 <![CDATA[0.82·10 -3 > <![CDATA[0.77·10 -6 > 0.61 2.1.2 <![CDATA[0.69·10 -3 > <![CDATA[0.59·10 -6 > 0.47 2.2 <![CDATA[1.52·10 -3 > <![CDATA[1.86·10 -6 > 1.47 2.3 <![CDATA[1.57·10 -3 > <![CDATA[1.94·10 -6 > 1.54 2.4 <![CDATA[1.50·10 -3 > <![CDATA[1.58·10 -6 > 1.25 3.1 <![CDATA[1.52·10 -3 > <![CDATA[1.74·10 -6 > 1.38 3.2 <![CDATA[1.71·10 -3 > <![CDATA[1.95·10 -6 > 1.55 3.2.1 <![CDATA[1.24·10 -3 > <![CDATA[1.20·10 -6 > 0.95 3.2.2 <![CDATA[1.04·10 -3 > <![CDATA[0.93·10 -6 > 0.73 3.3 <![CDATA[1.72·10 -3 > <![CDATA[2.31·10 -6 > 1.83

[0125] The resulting properties of the solid molded bodies are summarized in Table 5, which represent the calculated values.

[0126] The pressure drop is calculated by numerical flow simulation for each solid formed body geometry, which simulates the flow in the space between the solid formed bodies in the bed of the solid formed bodies. The program includes three consecutive steps. First, a CAD model of each solid formed body is created. A tube with an inner diameter of a typical industrial reactor of approximately 100 mm is assumed as the outer container of the bed containing the solid formed bodies. Both the digital container geometry and the digital geometry of the solid formed bodies are input into the simulation program, which can calculate the arrangement of the solid formed bodies filled into the container using Newton's equations of motion.

[0127] The pressure drop is calculated with air in a DN100 tube at ambient temperature and at a superficial velocity of 1 m / s. Air literature values at a constant operating pressure of 1 bar and a temperature of 20 °C are used for the thermodynamic and transport properties of the gas.

[0128] To calculate the side crush strength (SCS), also known as the crush strength, of each solid formed body, numerical methods such as Finite Element Analysis are used to simulate the side crush strength test of each CAD model using alumina-based solid formed bodies.

[0129] For the minimum SCS per unit particle volume, the lowest value of the measured crush strength is divided by the volume of the solid formed body. The axial dispersion coefficient is calculated according to Levenspiel, The Chemical Reactor Omnibook, 4th edition, chapter 64, 1993 using "Small Deviation from Plug Flow", where for an ideal plug flow reactor, D ax →0.

[0130] Table 5

[0131]

[0132] The results according to Table 5 obtained from the model solid formed bodies show that the crush strength B is improved at least compared to Comparative Example 1.2 of the solid formed body. Compared to the comparative example, the geometric form of Example 2.1 results in an increased minimum crush strength (SCS) per unit particle volume while maintaining a comparable pressure drop. For other examples, such as 3.2, the pressure drop is significantly reduced and / or the axial dispersion coefficient is enhanced. Example 3.3 exhibits an improved specific surface area compared to Comparative Example 1.2.

[0133] The resulting properties of the solid formed bodies are further investigated using 3D printed representative solid formed bodies prepared from CaSO4.

[0134] A 3D-printed solid formed body was fabricated using a 3D printer of the Z Corporation Spectrum Z510 model. The solid formed body having a constant composition, also referred to as a sheet, was made from a mixture containing gypsum (CaSO4) (using a commercial VisiJet PXL Core from 4Dconcepts) and a binder (using a commercial VisiJet PXL Binder from 4Dconcepts). During the 3D printing process, the individual solid formed bodies did not contact adjacent solid formed bodies, and all formed bodies were oriented such that the open pores of the solid formed bodies vertically penetrated the formed bodies. 3D printing was performed with a 3D printing layer thickness of 0.1 mm. Generally, approximately 200 layers were applied to complete one solid formed body, and approximately 100 solid formed bodies were 3D printed in one experiment. After completion of the 3D printing process, the printed solid formed bodies were left to stand for 1 hour each in the printing chamber and the build envelope. Thereafter, the solid formed bodies were removed one by one by hand and the residual powder was removed.

[0135] The 3D-printed solid formed bodies were analyzed according to the following measurement methods. The measurement results are summarized in Table 6. For Comparative Examples 1.2 and Example 2.1, three different sizes of solid formed bodies were studied respectively. The respective solid formed bodies were scaled down to different shrinkage levels.

[0136] The lateral crushing strength of the 3D-printed formed bodies was experimentally determined using a commercial material testing machine of the BZ2.5 / TS1S type from Zwick that is capable of testing mechanical properties in accordance with DIN EN ISO 7500-1:2018-06. For each type of solid formed body, 10 independent solid formed bodies were studied. The analysis method used included a preload of 0.5 N and a preloading speed of 10 mm / min. The analysis speed was 1.6 mm / min. As Figures 3 to 5 shown, the solid formed bodies were tested, whereby three positions were studied in order to determine the lateral crushing strength A, the lateral crushing strength B, and the lateral crushing strength C.

[0137] The diameter and height of each solid formed body were measured using calipers. The weight of the solid formed body was measured using an analytical balance. Generally, 10 formed bodies were analyzed and the average value was considered.

[0138] Table 6

[0139]

[0140] Analysis of the 3D printed samples showed that for the embodiments with mechanical improvements, at least one of the three tested side crush strengths was improved, where the second of the three tested side crush strengths was at least comparable to the solid formed body of Comparative Example 1.2 of the corresponding size, while Example 3.2 provided a high axial dispersion coefficient and a low pressure drop as shown in Table 5. In addition, for Examples 2.1.1 and 2.1.2, the difference between crush strength A and crush strength B was small, such that the minimum SCS / particle volume was high.

[0141] In addition, as shown in Table 7, solid formed bodies were formed from the catalytic materials and analyzed.

[0142] 261.7 g of powdered nickel nitrate hexahydrate (Ni(NO3)2·6H2O, purchased from Merck) was melted at approximately 100 °C, and 400 g of preheated hydrotalcite powder (Pural MG30, purchased from Sasol) containing 30 wt% MgO was gradually added during the mixing process. The preheating of the hydrotalcite powder was carried out in a convection oven at 130 °C for 30 minutes. The resulting mixture containing nitrate and hydrotalcite was cooled and subjected to low-temperature calcination in an air atmosphere, where the temperature was increased to the target temperature of 425 °C through three different temperature levels of 120 °C, 180 °C, and 280 °C. The residence time at all temperature levels including the target temperature was 2 hours each, and the heating rate was 2 °C / minute.

[0143] The product obtained from this low-temperature calcination was mixed with 5 wt% of graphite supplied by Asbury as a lubricant relative to the mixture and pressed into tablets in a mechanical stamping machine (XP1, purchased from Korsch) with a pressing force of 50 kN.

[0144] Subsequently, the tablets were subjected to high-temperature calcination in a muffle furnace in an air atmosphere at 950 °C for 4 hours to form solid formed bodies. The heating rate applied to reach 950 °C was 5 °C / minute. The stoichiometric composition of the resulting formed bodies was Ni 14 Mg 29 Al 57 .

[0145] Table 7

[0146]

[0147] The solid formed bodies of Example 2.1 of the present invention made from the catalytic material showed improved crush strengths in all three variants of this test compared to the solid formed bodies according to Comparative Example 1.2.

[0148] Reference numerals

[0149] 1 Solid formed body

[0150] 3 First substrate region

[0151] 5 Second base area

[0152] 6 Notch

[0153] 7 Side area

[0154] 8 Dip angle

[0155] 9 Groove

[0156] 11 Opening

[0157] 13 First radius

[0158] 15 Second radius

[0159] 17 Diameter of solid formed body 1

[0160] 19 Height of solid formed body 1

[0161] 21 Central opening

[0162] 23 Peripheral opening

[0163] 25 Third radius of peripheral opening 23

[0164] 27 Fourth radius of central opening 21

[0165] 29 First distance

[0166] 30 Central axis of solid formed body 1

[0167] 31 First center of central opening 21

[0168] 33 Second center of peripheral opening 23

[0169] 35 Vault height

[0170] 37 Blade

[0171] 39 Tangential radius

[0172] 41 Radial radius

[0173] 43 Second distance

[0174] 45 Third center of groove 9

[0175] 47 Testing machine

[0176] 49 Edge

[0177] 51 Fillet radius

[0178] 53 Groove angle

Claims

1. A solid formed body (1) having a cylindrical form, said cylindrical form having a first base region (3), a second base region (5), and a side region (7), wherein the solid formed body (1) comprises a first number of grooves (9) in the side region (7), each extending from the first base region (3) to the second base region (5), and a second number of openings (11), each extending from the first base region (3) to the second base region (5), and wherein the second number of openings (11) is in the range of 2 to 8, the second number of openings (11) being greater than the first number of grooves (9), wherein the ratio between a first radius (13) of at least one groove (9) and a second radius (15) of at least one opening (11) is at least 1.15, and wherein the ratio between the first radius (13) of the at least one groove (9) and the diameter (17) of the solid formed body (1) is in the range of 0.15 to 0.40, and the solid formed body has a basic shape of a cylinder.

2. The solid formed body (1) according to claim 1, wherein the solid formed body (1) comprises at least 3 grooves (9).

3. The solid formed body (1) according to claim 2, wherein the solid formed body (1) comprises 3 or 4 grooves (9).

4. The solid formed body (1) according to claim 1, wherein the ratio between the diameter (17) of the solid formed body (1) and the height (19) of the solid formed body (1) is in the range of 0.5 to 2.

0.

5. The solid formed body (1) according to claim 2, wherein the ratio between the diameter (17) of the solid formed body (1) and the height (19) of the solid formed body (1) is in the range of 0.5 to 2.

0.

6. The solid formed body (1) according to claim 3, wherein the ratio between the diameter (17) of the solid formed body (1) and the height (19) of the solid formed body (1) is in the range of 0.5 to 2.

0.

7. The solid formed body (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the second number of openings (11) comprises a central opening (21) and at least one peripheral opening (23).

8. The solid formed body (1) according to claim 7, wherein the at least one peripheral opening (23) has at least one third radius (25), and for all of the at least one peripheral opening (23), the at least one third radius (25) is equal.

9. The solid formed body (1) according to claim 7, wherein the central opening (21) has a fourth radius (27), and the fourth radius (27) is less than the at least one third radius (25) of the at least one peripheral opening (23).

10. The solid formed body (1) according to claim 8, wherein the central opening (21) has a fourth radius (27), and the fourth radius (27) is less than the at least one third radius (25) of the at least one peripheral opening (23).

11. The solid molded body (1) according to claim 7, wherein the first number of the grooves (9) is equal to the third number of the peripheral openings (23).

12. The solid molded body (1) according to claim 8, wherein the first number of the grooves (9) is equal to the third number of the peripheral openings (23).

13. The solid molded body (1) according to claim 9, wherein the first number of the grooves (9) is equal to the third number of the peripheral openings (23).

14. The solid molded body (1) according to claim 10, wherein the first number of the grooves (9) is equal to the third number of the peripheral openings (23).

15. The solid molded body (1) according to claim 7, wherein each of the at least one peripheral opening (23) is arranged between two grooves (9).

16. The solid molded body (1) according to claim 8, wherein each of the at least one peripheral opening (23) is arranged between two grooves (9).

17. The solid molded body (1) according to claim 9, wherein each of the at least one peripheral opening (23) is arranged between two grooves (9).

18. The solid molded body (1) according to claim 10, wherein each of the at least one peripheral opening (23) is arranged between two grooves (9).

19. The solid molded body (1) according to claim 11, wherein each of the at least one peripheral opening (23) is arranged between two grooves (9).

20. The solid molded body (1) according to claim 7, wherein the ratio of the first distance (29) from the first center (31) of the central opening (21) to the second center (33) of the at least one peripheral opening (23) to the diameter (17) of the solid molded body (1) is between 0.20 and 0.

40.

21. The solid molded body (1) according to claim 8, wherein the ratio of the first distance (29) from the first center (31) of the central opening (21) to the second center (33) of the at least one peripheral opening (23) to the diameter (17) of the solid molded body (1) is between 0.20 and 0.

40.

22. The solid molded body (1) according to claim 9, wherein the ratio of the first distance (29) from the first center (31) of the central opening (21) to the second center (33) of the at least one peripheral opening (23) to the diameter (17) of the solid molded body (1) is between 0.20 and 0.

40.

23. The solid molded body (1) according to claim 10, wherein the ratio of the first distance (29) from the first center (31) of the central opening (21) to the second center (33) of the at least one peripheral opening (23) to the diameter (17) of the solid molded body (1) is between 0.20 and 0.

40.

24. The solid molded body (1) according to claim 11, wherein the ratio between the first distance (29) from the first center (31) of the central opening (21) to the second center (33) of the at least one peripheral opening (23) and the diameter (17) of the solid molded body (1) is in the range of 0.20 to 0.

40.

25. The solid molded body (1) according to claim 15, wherein the ratio between the first distance (29) from the first center (31) of the central opening (21) to the second center (33) of the at least one peripheral opening (23) and the diameter (17) of the solid molded body (1) is in the range of 0.20 to 0.

40.

26. The solid molded body (1) according to claim 20, wherein the ratio between the first distance (29) from the first center (31) of the central opening (21) to the second center (33) of the at least one peripheral opening (23) and the diameter (17) of the solid molded body (1) is in the range of 0.25 to 0.

32.

27. The solid molded body (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the first base region (3) and / or the second base region (5) is arched.

28. The solid molded body (1) according to claim 7, wherein the first base region (3) and / or the second base region (5) is arched.

29. The solid molded body (1) according to claim 8, wherein the first base region (3) and / or the second base region (5) is arched.

30. The solid molded body (1) according to claim 9, wherein the first base region (3) and / or the second base region (5) is arched.

31. The solid molded body (1) according to claim 10, wherein the first base region (3) and / or the second base region (5) is arched.

32. The solid molded body (1) according to claim 11, wherein the first base region (3) and / or the second base region (5) is arched.

33. The solid molded body (1) according to claim 15, wherein the first base region (3) and / or the second base region (5) is arched.

34. The solid molded body (1) according to claim 20, wherein the first base region (3) and / or the second base region (5) is arched.

35. The solid molded body (1) according to claim 26, wherein the first base region (3) and / or the second base region (5) is arched.

36. The solid molded body (1) according to claim 27, wherein the ratio between the apex height (35) and the diameter (17) of the solid molded body (1) is in the range of 0.05 to 0.

40.

37. The solid molded body (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the solid molded body (1) contains a mixed oxide, and the mixed oxide contains oxygen, aluminum, nickel, and at least one alkaline earth metal.

38. The solid molded body (1) according to claim 37, wherein the alkaline earth metal is magnesium.

39. The solid molded body (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the solid molded body (1) contains a mixed oxide, and the mixed oxide contains oxygen, aluminum, cobalt, and at least one rare earth metal.

40. The solid molded body (1) according to claim 39, wherein the rare earth metal is lanthanum.

41. Use of the solid molded body (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 40 as a catalyst.

42. The use according to claim 41, which is for reforming one or more hydrocarbons into syngas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide.

43. The use according to claim 42, wherein one or more hydrocarbons are reformed into syngas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the presence of carbon dioxide.

44. The use according to claim 42 or 43, wherein the hydrocarbon is selected from methane, ethane, propane, and butane.

45. The use according to claim 44, wherein the hydrocarbon is methane.

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