A particle trap system

Abstract

A particle trap system is used to solve the problem of addressing particles in the prior art. It can be applied in the field of quantum computing, etc. The particle trap system can include a trapping module, a first light splitting module and a first relative delay module; the trapping module is used to trap at least two particles; the first light splitting module is used to split the received light beam into a first light beam and a second light beam; the first relative delay module is used to adjust the delay amount of the first light beam and the second light beam to reach the first target particle, and the adjusted first light beam and the second light beam coincide at the first target particle, and the first target particle is at least one in the trapping module. By adjusting the delay amount of the first light beam and the second light beam to reach the first target particle through the first relative delay module, i.e. by controlling the photon flight time, the adjustment of the coincidence position of the first light beam and the second light beam can be realized, so that the first light beam and the second light beam coincide at different particles, thereby the addressing of the particles can be realized.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of quantum computing, and in particular to a particle trap system. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the development of information technology, quantum computing is attracting more and more attention. The core of quantum computing is to use quantum systems to achieve general quantum computing. The basic principle of quantum computing is to use quantum bits (such as ions) to encode information. The state (or quantum state) of a single quantum bit can not only have two classical states 0 and 1, but also can be a superposition state of 0 and 1, as shown in the following formula: Figure 1a As shown, a quantum bit can be in a state of 0 with a probability of 50%, and in a state of 1 with a probability of 50%. n quantum bits can be in a superposition state of 2 n quantum states at the same time, thereby improving the speed of computation.

[0003] In the physical implementation of quantum computing, the mainstream schemes at present are ion trap systems and superconducting systems. Among them, the ion trap system mainly includes an electrode structure for trapping ions and ions. By applying a specific electromagnetic field on the electrode structure and combining the Coulomb interaction between the ions, the ions can be trapped in a specific structure in space. By addressing the trapped ions (i.e., using a control light (or called addressing light) to aim at the trapped ions), the quantum state of the ions can be controlled, thereby obtaining the quantum state information of the ions.

[0004] In the prior art, the control light is mainly focused by strong focusing (such as micron-level focusing). For example, the control light is focused by a large numerical aperture (NA) lens and other optical elements, and NA is a dimensionless number used to measure the ability of a lens to collect light. The scalability of the ion addressing by strong focusing of the control light is poor and difficult, and a complex optical path design is also required. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application provides a particle trap system for simplifying and accurately implementing the addressing of particles.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present application provides a particle trap system, which can include a trapping module, a first light splitting module, and a first relative delay module. The trapping module is used to trap at least two particles. The first light splitting module is used to split a received light beam into a first light beam and a second light beam. The first relative delay module is used to adjust the delay amount of the first light beam and the second light beam to a first target particle. The adjusted first light beam and the second light beam coincide at the first target particle, and the first target particle is at least one of the at least two particles trapped in the trapping module.

[0007] In a possible implementation, the time delay amount refers to an absolute value of a difference between a first time of flight and a second time of flight, the first time of flight refers to a time of flight of a photon of the first light beam on a propagation path of the first light beam, and the second time of flight refers to a time of flight of a photon of the second light beam on a propagation path of the second light beam. Further, the first light beam and the second light beam coincide at the first target particle, so that the first target particle can be addressed, and the first target particle can be controlled.

[0008] When the particles are ions, the particle trap system can include, but is not limited to, an ion trap system.

[0009] Based on the above scheme, the optical module splits the received light beam to obtain the first light beam and the second light beam, and adjusts the time delay amount of the first light beam and the second light beam to the first target particle through the first relative time delay module, so that the coincidence position of the first light beam and the second light beam can be adjusted, and the first light beam and the second light beam can coincide (or meet) at different particles (that is, the coincidence position of the first light beam and the second light beam is aligned with different target particles). It can also be understood that by controlling the time of flight of the photon, the first light beam and the second light beam can be accurately controlled to simultaneously align and irradiate on which particle, so that high-precision independent addressing of different particles can be achieved. Moreover, based on the above particle trap system, the complexity of the optical path design can be simplified, so as to help reduce the noise of the control light, and the precision of the particle control can be improved.

[0010] In a possible implementation, the particle trap system can further include an optical source module, the optical source module can emit a light beam with a first pulse width, and a first spatial distance corresponding to the first pulse width is smaller than a distance between any two adjacent particles in the at least two particles trapped in the trapping module.

[0011] Since the first spatial distance corresponding to the first pulse width is smaller than the distance between any two adjacent particles, at the same time, the first light beam and the second light beam can only hit one particle, so that independent addressing of a single particle can be achieved.

[0012] Further, optionally, a second spatial distance corresponding to a time interval at which the optical source module emits two adjacent light beams is greater than a distance between any two particles in the at least two particles in the trapping module.

[0013] In this way, independent addressing of a single particle can be achieved without affecting the surrounding particles of the addressed particle.

[0014] Exemplarily, the optical source module can include, but is not limited to, a femtosecond pulse laser.

[0015] In a possible implementation, the first relative time delay module is specifically configured to change an optical path of the received first light beam and / or the second light beam.

[0016] For example, the first relative delay module may be located on the propagation path of the first light beam, and accordingly, the first relative delay module is specifically used to change the optical path of the received first light beam. For another example, the first relative delay module may be located on the propagation path of the second light beam, and accordingly, the first relative delay module is specifically used to change the optical path of the received second light beam. For another example, the first relative delay module may be located on the propagation path of the first light beam and the second light beam, and accordingly, the first relative delay module is specifically used to change the optical path of the received first light beam and change the optical path of the received second light beam.

[0017] By changing the optical path of the first light beam and / or the second light beam, the delay of the first light beam and the second light beam reaching the first target particle can be adjusted, thereby achieving independent addressing of different particles.

[0018] In one possible implementation, the first relative delay module includes a first drive component and an optical path adjustment component. The first drive component is configured to send a first drive signal to the optical path adjustment component based on a received first control signal, where the first control signal is determined based on the position of the first target particle. The optical path adjustment component is configured to change the optical path of the received first and / or second light beams based on the first drive signal.

[0019] By driving the optical path adjustment component through the first driving component, the optical path of the first light beam and / or the second light beam can be changed, thereby adjusting the delay of the first light beam and the second light beam reaching the first target particle.

[0020] In one possible implementation, the optical path adjustment component includes a galvanometer and a reflective element; the galvanometer is used to change the optical path of the received first light beam and / or the second light beam according to the first driving signal, and transmit the first light beam after the optical path is changed and / or the second light beam after the optical path is changed to the reflective element; the reflective element is used to reflect the received first light beam after the optical path is changed and / or the second light beam after the optical path is changed to the first target particle.

[0021] For example, the galvanometer may include but is not limited to a micro electro-mechanical system (MEMS) mirror or a MEMS waveguide, etc. The reflective element may include but is not limited to a mirror, a prism, etc.

[0022] In one possible implementation, the particle trap system further includes a first optical path module and a second optical path module. The first optical path module is configured to propagate the first light beam or the first light beam after the optical path is changed to the first target particle; and the second optical path module is configured to propagate the second light beam or the second light beam after the optical path is changed to the first target particle.

[0023] Further, the first optical path module comprises a first modulation component for modulating the timing and / or frequency of the first light beam; and / or the second optical path module comprises a second modulation component for modulating the timing and / or frequency of the second light beam.

[0024] The timing and / or frequency of the first light beam can be controlled by the first modulation component, and the timing and / or frequency of the second light beam can be controlled by the second modulation component, so that the quantum computation meeting the needs can be realized.

[0025] Further, the first optical path module further comprises a first polarization component, and the second optical path module further comprises a second polarization component; the first polarization component is configured to convert the polarization state of the received first light beam into left circularly polarized light; the second polarization component is configured to convert the polarization state of the received second light beam into right circularly polarized light; or, the first polarization component is configured to convert the polarization state of the received first light beam into right circularly polarized light; and the second polarization component is configured to convert the polarization state of the received second light beam into left circularly polarized light.

[0026] Since the polarization states of the first light beam and the second light beam affect the coupling strength of the first light beam and the second light beam, and further affect the quantum efficiency of the manipulated particles, when the first light beam with the right circularly polarized light and the second light beam with the left circularly polarized light (or the first light beam with the left circularly polarized light and the second light beam with the right circularly polarized light) reach a target particle at the same time, the quantum efficiency of the particles can be improved.

[0027] In a possible implementation, the particle trap system further comprises a second beam splitting module, and the first relative delay module comprises N sub relative delay modules, N being an integer greater than 1; the second beam splitting module is configured to split the second light beam from the first beam splitting module into N third light beams, one third light beam corresponding to one sub relative delay module; and the sub relative delay module is configured to change the delay amount of the first light beam and the third light beam to reach the first target particle.

[0028] By means of the second beam splitting module and the N sub relative delay modules, the N third light beams can be made to coincide with the first light beam at different particles in turn, so that addressing multiple particles can be realized. Moreover, when performing quantum computation, parallel multi-bit computation can be performed, and the applicable quantum algorithms are more abundant.

[0029] In a possible implementation, the particle trap system further comprises a first light beam recycling module and a second relative delay module; the first light beam recycling module is configured to propagate the fourth light beam to the second relative delay module, the fourth light beam being the light remaining in the first light beam after the first target particle is manipulated or the light remaining in the second light beam after the first target particle is manipulated; the second relative delay module is configured to adjust the delay amount of the fourth light beam and the first light beam to the second target particle, and the adjusted fourth light beam and the first light beam coincide at the second target particle, the second target particle being a particle other than the first target particle in the at least two particles; wherein the optical path of the fourth light beam is equal to the sum of k times the second spatial distance and 2 times the distance between the first target particle and the second target particle, and k is a positive integer. It can also be understood that the optical path of the fourth light beam is k×second spatial distance+2×(distance between the first target particle and the second target particle).

[0030] By adjusting the delay amount of the second relative delay module at different times, the delay amount of the adjacent two fourth light beams can be controlled, so that the addressing of different particles in sequence can be realized; and the arrangement combination mode (or the sequence of the addressed particles) of the addressed particles can also be changed. Further, the energy remaining in the first light beam or the second light beam after the particles are manipulated can be recycled, which helps to improve the energy utilization rate, and in the simultaneous addressing of multiple particles, the power consumption of the particle trap system and the complexity of the system can also be reduced.

[0031] Further, the second relative delay module is configured to change the optical path of the fourth light beam and propagate the fourth light beam with the changed optical path to the second light path module; and the second light path module is further configured to propagate the fourth light beam with the changed optical path to the second target particle.

[0032] By propagating the fourth light beam to the second light path module and then propagating the fourth light beam to the second target particle through the second light path module, the initialization process of the propagation direction of the fourth light beam directly to the second target particle can be omitted in the initialization process.

[0033] In a possible implementation, the particle trap system further comprises a first filter module configured to, in the first time domain, allow the fourth light beam from the first light beam recycling module to pass through and propagate the fourth light beam to the second relative delay module.

[0034] By controlling the first filter module, the fourth light beam can be allowed to pass through in the first time domain or be prevented from passing through in a time domain other than the first time domain.

[0035] In a possible implementation, the particle trap system further comprises a second light beam recycling module; the second light beam recycling module is configured to return the first light beam from the first light path module to the first light path module in a second time domain, the first light beam returned to the first light path module and the first light beam from the first light splitting module form a pulse sequence; and configured to propagate the pulse sequence formed by the first light beam to the first trapping module in a third time domain. Alternatively, the second light beam recycling module is configured to return the first light beam from the second light path module to the second light path module in a fourth time domain, the second light beam returned to the second light path module and the second light beam from the first light splitting module form a pulse sequence; and configured to propagate the pulse sequence formed by the second light beam to the first trapping module in a fifth time domain.

[0036] By overlapping the pulse sequence formed by the first light beam with the second light beam at different particles respectively, or by overlapping the pulse sequence formed by the second light beam with the first light beam at different particles respectively, the different particles can be manipulated. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1a A schematic diagram of a quantum state of an ion provided by the present application;

[0038] Figure 1b A schematic diagram of a relationship between a Rabi strength and a light beam coordinate provided by the present application;

[0039] Figure 1c A schematic diagram of a principle of manipulating an ion by a Raman light provided by the present application;

[0040] Figure 1d A schematic diagram of overlapping of two light beams at a position of an ion provided by the present application;

[0041] Figure 1e A schematic diagram of a process of trapping an ion provided by the present application;

[0042] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of an architecture of a particle trap system provided by the present application;

[0043] Figure 3a A schematic diagram of a structure of an ion trapping module provided by the present application;

[0044] Figure 3b A schematic diagram of a principle of trapping an ion provided by the present application;

[0045] Figure 3c A schematic diagram of a working principle of a 3D-MOT provided by the present application;

[0046] Figure 3d A schematic diagram of a structure of an atomic trapping module provided by the present application;

[0047] Figure 3e Another structure diagram of an atomic trapping module provided by the present application is shown in the figure;

[0048] Figure 4a A distribution diagram of ions trapped by a trapping module provided by the present application is shown in the figure;

[0049] Figure 4b A distribution diagram of ions trapped by another trapping module provided by the present application is shown in the figure;

[0050] Figure 4c A distribution diagram of ions trapped by still another trapping module provided by the present application is shown in the figure;

[0051] Figure 4d A distribution diagram of ions trapped by still another trapping module provided by the present application is shown in the figure;

[0052] Figure 4e A distribution diagram of ions trapped by still another trapping module provided by the present application is shown in the figure;

[0053] Figure 4f A distribution diagram of ions trapped by still another trapping module provided by the present application is shown in the figure;

[0054] Figure 5 A diagram of a pulsed laser provided by the present application is shown in the figure;

[0055] Figure 6 A diagram of a polarization beam splitter provided by the present application is shown in the figure;

[0056] Figure 7 A diagram of a relationship between a delay amount and a position of coincidence of two beams provided by the present application is shown in the figure;

[0057] Figure 8a A structure diagram of a first relative delay module provided by the present application is shown in the figure;

[0058] Figure 8b A structure diagram of another first relative delay module provided by the present application is shown in the figure;

[0059] Figure 8c A structure diagram of another first relative delay module provided by the present application is shown in the figure;

[0060] Figure 8d A structure diagram of another first relative delay module provided by the present application is shown in the figure;

[0061] Figure 9 A structure diagram of still another ion trap system provided by the present application is shown in the figure;

[0062] Figure 10 A flowchart of an ion manipulation method provided by the present application is shown in the figure;

[0063] Figure 11 Another architecture diagram of an ion trap system provided in the present application;

[0064] Figure 12 Another architecture diagram of an ion trap system provided in the present application;

[0065] Figure 13 A pulse sequence diagram formed by the fourth light beam provided in the present application;

[0066] Figure 14 Another relationship diagram of the time delay amount coinciding with the first light beam and the fourth light beam provided in the present application;

[0067] Figure 15 Another architecture diagram of an ion trap system provided in the present application;

[0068] Figure 16 A method flow diagram of an ion manipulation method provided in the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0069] The embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0070] Hereinafter, some terms in the present application will be explained. It should be noted that the explanations are for facilitating understanding by those skilled in the art, and do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection required by the present application.

[0071] I. Femtosecond pulsed laser

[0072] Femtosecond pulsed laser is a kind of laser operating in pulse form, with a short duration of only a few femtoseconds (fs), one femtosecond being equal to 10 -15 seconds, i.e. one femtosecond is one ten-thousandth of a billionth of a second. It is several thousand times shorter than the shortest pulse obtained by using electronic methods.

[0073] II. Excitation transition

[0074] Excitation transition refers to the process of an atom emitting a photon when it transitions from a high energy level to a low energy level under the irradiation of light, or absorbing a photon when it transitions from a low energy level to a high energy level.

[0075] III. Raman light

[0076] Raman light is a kind of scattered light. When the excited molecules do not stay in the excited state basically, they immediately release energy by changing the direction of the incident light randomly at the same wavelength, which is called scattering; and when the excited molecules release energy at a wavelength different from the original excitation light during scattering, it is called Raman light.

[0077] Four, the scan of the Rabi oscillation

[0078] The scan of the Rabi oscillation refers to that different oscillation signals are obtained by loading the particle with beams of different lengths, and the oscillation period T is obtained by fitting the different oscillation signals corresponding to different lengths, and according to the relationship between the Rabi strength and the oscillation period Ω = 1 / T, the Rabi strength of a position can be determined. By changing the position of the beam irradiating the particle, different Rabi strengths Ω can be obtained. That is, when the position of the beam irradiating the particle is different, the obtained Rabi strength Ω is also different, and when the beam and the particle are completely aligned, the measured Rabi strength is the largest. Figure 1b A schematic diagram showing the relationship between the Rabi strength and the beam coordinate is shown. When the beam coordinate is X0, the corresponding Rabi strength is the largest, Ω0, which indicates that when the beam coordinate is X0, the beam and the irradiated particle are completely aligned.

[0079] The foregoing introduces some terms involved in the present application, and the technical features and principles involved in the present application are introduced below. It should be noted that these explanations are for the convenience of understanding by those skilled in the art, and do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection required by the present application.

[0080] I. Principle and configuration of Raman light manipulating ions

[0081] Please refer to Figure 1c , a schematic diagram of the principle of Raman light manipulating ions provided by the present application. Among them, three lines realize three energy levels of the ion, |0> and |1> are the ground state energy levels of the ion, and the energy level difference of the two ground state energy levels is w rf , |e> is the excited state energy level. The ion can absorb photons under the irradiation of light and transition from the ground state to the excited state.

[0082] When the two beams of Raman light simultaneously satisfy the following three relationships, the excited ion can realize excited transition, so that the ion (such as a single ion or multiple ions) can be manipulated. Among them, the frequencies of the two beams of Raman light are represented as w1 and w2.

[0083] Relationship 1, the frequency difference satisfies the energy conservation: w1-w2 = w rf ;

[0084] Relationship 2, the momentum satisfies the momentum conservation;

[0085] Relationship 3, the two beams of light interact with the ion at the same time, that is, the two beams of light coincide at the position of the ion (see Figure 1d ).

[0086] It should be understood that, due to the photo-excitation ion transition, the energy conservation needs to be satisfied. Moreover, compared with directly realizing the transition from the ground state to the excited state, the two beams of Raman light with the frequencies of w1 and w2 have a certain frequency shift Δ, and when the shift Δ is large enough, the ion cannot be excited by a single beam of Raman light.

[0087] It should be noted that the principle of the Raman light manipulating other particles (such as atoms) is the same as the principle of manipulating the ions, which will not be described here.

[0088] II. Process of trapping ions by the trapping module.

[0089] Please refer to Figure 1e , a process diagram of trapping ions provided by the present application. The atom source is heated by electricity and / or light to heat the atoms, to generate an atomic beam (or atomic vapor), and the atomic beam is ionized to obtain ions, and the ions are cooled and trapped by electrodes and electromagnetic field generating devices (see the introduction of Figure 3a below). Further, the trapped ions interact with the manipulation light (such as the two beams of Raman light described above), and can reach a specific quantum state. It should be understood that Figure 1e in the above

[0090] As introduced in the background, at present, the manipulation light is mainly strongly focused by a lens with a large NA to realize the addressing of the particles. Specifically, a plurality of particles are trapped into a one-dimensional particle chain, the manipulation light is divided into two paths, one path is a global Raman light, and the other path is an independent Raman light, each independent Raman light needs to be individually aligned with a particle to realize independent addressing, and the independent Raman light needs to pass through a lens with a large NA to focus on a particle in the particle chain. Based on this, the scalability of the addressing of the particles by strongly focusing the manipulation light is poor and difficult, and a complex optical path design is also required.

[0091] In view of this, the present application provides a particle trap system. The particle trap system can accurately address the particles by controlling the photon time of flight.

[0092] Based on the above, the particle trap system provided by the present application will be specifically described below in combination with the accompanying Figure 2 to Figure 15 .

[0093] As Figure 2As shown, it is a schematic diagram of an architecture of a particle trap system provided in the present application. The particle trap system 200 can include a trapping module 201, a first light splitting module 202 and a first relative delay module 203. Among them, the trapping module 201 is used for trapping at least two particles; the first light splitting module 202 is used for splitting the received light beam into a first light beam and a second light beam; the first relative delay module 203 is used for adjusting the delay amount of the first light beam and the second light beam to reach the first target particle, and the adjusted first light beam and the second light beam coincide at the first target particle. The first target particle is at least one of the at least two particles trapped in the trapping module 201.

[0094] Among them, the delay amount refers to the absolute value of the difference between the first flight time and the second flight time, the first flight time refers to the flight time of the photons of the first light beam on the propagation path of the first light beam, and the second flight time refers to the flight time of the photons of the second light beam on the propagation path of the second light beam.

[0095] Based on the above particle trap system, after the light splitting module splits the received light beam into a first light beam and a second light beam, the delay amount of the first light beam and the second light beam to reach the first target particle is adjusted by the first relative delay module, so that the adjustment of the coincidence position of the first light beam and the second light beam can be realized, thereby the first light beam and the second light beam can be made to coincide (or meet) at different particles (i.e. the position of the coincidence of the first light beam and the second light beam is aligned with different target particles). It can also be understood that by controlling the flight time of the photons, the first light beam and the second light beam can be accurately controlled to simultaneously align and irradiate on which particle, thereby realizing high-precision independent addressing of different particles. Moreover, based on the above particle trap system, the complexity of the optical path design can be simplified, thereby helping to reduce the noise of the manipulated light, and further improving the precision of the manipulated particles, thereby helping to improve the performance and scalability of quantum computing.

[0096] Among them, the first light beam and the second light beam can be two Raman lights, which also need to meet the three conditions required by the above two Raman lights. It can also be understood that when the first light beam and the second light beam simultaneously align and irradiate on the same particle, the quantum state manipulation of the particle can be realized. For example, the initial quantum state of the first target particle is |0>, and when the first light beam and the second light beam simultaneously reach the first target particle, the quantum state of the first target particle can be manipulated to |1>.

[0097] Further, optionally, the first light beam and the second light beam are two light beams separated from the same light beam by the light splitting module, that is, the first light beam and the second light beam come from the same light beam, and the coherence of the first light beam and the second light beam is relatively high, and it can be considered that the influence of the external environment (such as mechanical vibration, air flow disturbance, etc.) on the first light beam and the second light beam when they are transmitted to the trapping module is basically similar or even the same. The first light beam and the second light beam have correlation, thereby helping to reduce the noise generated by the first light beam and the second light beam after superposition on the particle.

[0098] The following will be introduced Figure 2 each of the functional modules shown in the figure, to give an exemplary specific implementation scheme. For the convenience of description, the following trapping module, first light splitting module and first relative delay module are not marked with numbers.

[0099] I. Trapping module

[0100] In a possible implementation, the trapping module is configured to trap particles. The particles can include, but are not limited to, ions, atoms, or the like. It can also be understood that the trapping module can be an ion trapping module, or it can also be an atomic trapping module.

[0101] Structure 1, the trapping module is an ion trapping module.

[0102] As Figure 3a shown, a structure diagram of a trapping module for trapping ions provided by the present application. The trapping module includes a direct current (DC) electrode and a radio frequency (RF) electrode, and the DC electrode and the RF electrode can be arranged on a substrate (for example, the electrodes can be etched on the substrate by microprocessing, printed circuit, etc.). The DC electrode and the RF electrode can also be referred to as trapping electrodes. Further, the trapping module can also include an electromagnetic field generating device (such as a power supply). The DC electrode and the RF electrode are connected with the electromagnetic field generating device (such as a power supply), and after being powered on, the RF electrode can generate an alternating radio frequency electric field, and the DC electrode can generate a direct current electric field. The radio frequency electric field and the direct current electric field cooperate to generate a trapping potential well for trapping ions, thereby realizing the trapping of ions. The principle can be referred to in Figure 3b . Figure 3bThe curve in the figure represents the electric field line distribution at a certain moment, and after half a radio frequency period, the electric field lines are reversed. The ions are in a fast reciprocating change of the trapping potential well in the electric field lines, and the average effect is that the ions are stably trapped in the surface of the electrode by the trapping potential well. It should be understood that the structure of the trapping module given above is only illustrative, and any structure that can achieve the trapping of ions is within the protection scope of the present application. For example, the trapping module can also include a "Paul ion trap" (also known as a quadrupole ion trap), which can be realized by using the structure of a four-stage rod and adding front and rear end covers. The ions are focused on a line, which can increase the storage capacity of the ions and help to avoid the space charge effect and simplify the electrode structure. The quadrupole ion trap is also known as a linear ion trap. For another example, the trapping module can also include a blade trap or a surface trap, and the present application does not limit this.

[0103] Structure 2, the trapping module is an atomic trapping module.

[0104] In a possible implementation, the atomic trapping module is mainly used for capturing and trapping atoms in a high-speed atomic beam from an atomic source. Exemplarily, the atomic trapping module can include a 3-dimension magneto-optical trap (3D-MOT). As shown in Figure 3c The working principle of a 3D-MOT provided by the present application is shown in the figure. The working principle of the 3D-MOT is that, in a gradient magnetic well generated by a pair of Helmholtz coils carrying reverse current, three pairs of cooling lasers (i.e., a total of six cooling lasers) with a frequency close to the energy level difference of the atom are added, each two pairs of cooling lasers, and the incident direction of each pair of cooling lasers is opposite. The three pairs of cooling lasers are incident from three orthogonal directions (for example, XYZ three directions), and the intersection point is located at the center of the magnetic well. The atoms in the atomic beam continuously absorb photons with reverse momentum, and are subjected to the reverse force of the cooling laser, so that the atoms are continuously decelerated and finally cooled and trapped in the center of the magnetic well.

[0105] The following exemplarily provides three possible structures of the atomic trapping module.

[0106] Structure 2.1, the atomic trapping module includes a 3D-MOT and an evaporation cooling unit.

[0107] As Figure 3dAs shown, a structural schematic diagram of an atomic trapping module provided by the present application is shown. The atomic trapping module can include a 3D-MOT and an evaporation cooling unit. The 3D-MOT can be used to trap an atomic beam from an atomic source; the evaporation cooling unit can be used to further evaporatively cool the atoms from the 3D-MOT. Through the above-mentioned further evaporative cooling, the trapped atoms can be further cooled, so that the phase space density of the atoms trapped in the atomic trapping module can be increased. The evaporation cooling unit can be a pure magnetic trap or a pure optical trap. Illustratively, if the evaporation cooling unit is a pure magnetic trap, the atomic beam is trapped under the action of the cooling laser and the magnetic field of the 3D-MOT to obtain atoms in a certain temperature range, and then the atoms are transferred to the pure magnetic trap for evaporative cooling to achieve further cooling of the atoms. The pure magnetic trap refers to a structure in which the magnetic field gradient of the Helmholtz coil is rapidly increased after the cooling laser is turned off, and only the magnetic field can be used to trap the atoms. It should be understood that, since there are many energy levels of the atoms, the RF coil can emit a radio frequency that changes in frequency scanning, and continuously excite the trapped state atoms in the magnetic field to a non-trapped state. Since only atoms with a relatively high temperature can become a non-trapped state with a high probability, the evaporation cooling process is to continuously remove the relatively high-temperature atoms from the atoms, and the remaining atoms reach thermal equilibrium through elastic collision, and then generate relatively high-temperature atoms, and then remove them, so as to repeat the process to achieve the effect of cooling the atoms. The pure optical trap refers to a structure in which atoms are trapped by a far-infrared laser, and the trapping principle is similar to the aforementioned 1064nm optical trap laser. The evaporation cooling process is to continuously reduce the laser intensity to achieve the purpose of cooling the atoms.

[0108] Structure 2.2, the atomic trapping module includes a 3D-MOT and a 2D-MOT.

[0109] As Figure 3eAs shown, another structure of the atomic trapping module provided in the present application is shown. The atomic trapping module can include a 2D-MOT and a 3D-MOT. The 2D-MOT is used to cool and converge the atomic beam from the atomic source, and the cooled and converged atomic beam is sprayed to the 3D-MOT; the 3D-MOT is used to cool the cooled and converged atomic beam from the 2D-MOT again to achieve the trapping of the atoms. Since the higher the speed of the atomic beam, the more difficult it is for the atomic trapping module to trap the atoms. Therefore, the atomic beam from the high-speed atomic beam can be sprayed to the 2D-MOT first, the speed of the atomic beam is lowered in advance by the 2D-MOT, and a low-speed atomic beam is formed, and the 2D-MOT can also flow the atomic beam from one dimension to the 3D-MOT, that is, the convergence of the atomic beam can also be achieved. In this way, the 3D-MOT can more easily trap the atoms in the atomic beam, so that the number of atoms trapped by the atomic trapping module can be increased. It should be noted that the 2D-MOT has one less dimension of cooling laser beam than the 3D-MOT, and the atomic beam is cooled in two dimensions (for example, in YZ two dimensions), and the atoms flow out from the remaining dimension (Z) to form a low-speed atomic beam. For details, please refer to the introduction of Figure 3e Figure 3a

[0110] Structure 2.3, the atomic trapping module includes a 2D-MOT, a 3D-MOT, and an evaporation cooling unit.

[0111] The structure 2.3 can be understood as a combination of the above-mentioned structure 2.1 and structure 2.2, and the detailed structure can be understood as the introduction of the above-mentioned structure 2.1 and structure 2.2, which will not be repeated here.

[0112] It should be noted that in order to trap atoms, the atomic trapping module needs to optimize various parameters (such as the power of the cooling laser required by the 3D-MOT, the frequency of the cooling laser, the polarization of the cooling laser, the size of the magnetic field, the timing of the cooling laser and the magnetic field, etc.).

[0113] In the following introduction, in order to facilitate the description of the scheme, the particles trapped in the trapping module are taken as ions for example, the particle trap system is taken as an ion trap system, and the trapping module is taken as an ion trapping module.

[0114] In one possible implementation, the ions trapped (or bound) in the trapping module can be one-dimensional distribution, two-dimensional distribution, or three-dimensional distribution, which will be introduced in detail below.

[0115] Please refer to Figure 4a ​​, is a schematic diagram of the distribution of ions trapped in a trapping module provided by this application. The ions trapped in the trapping module are one-dimensionally distributed, forming a one-dimensional ion chain. The distance between any two adjacent ions in the one-dimensional ion chain can be equal or unequal. It should be understood that Figure 4a The example is five ions with equal distances between them.

[0116] In a possible implementation, when the trapped ions are distributed in one dimension, the first light beam and the second light beam can achieve independent addressing of a single ion. Specifically, the propagation direction of the first light beam and the propagation direction of the second light beam can be parallel and opposite (see the above Figure 4a or Figure 4b ); or there may be a certain angle (see Figure 4c ), the angle is greater than 90° and less than 180°. It should be noted that the propagation direction of the first light beam can also be referred to as the orientation of the first light beam, and the propagation direction of the second light beam can also be referred to as the orientation of the second light beam.

[0117] See also Figure 4d , is a schematic diagram of the distribution of ions trapped in another trapping module provided by this application. The ions trapped in this trapping module are distributed in two dimensions. It should be understood that the two-dimensional distribution can also be an irregular distribution. Figure 4d Take the regular two-dimensional distribution as an example, that is, Figure 4d The two-dimensional ion distribution is taken as a 5×4 array as an example, and this application does not limit this.

[0118] In one possible implementation, when the trapped ions are distributed in two dimensions, the first light beam and the second light beam can achieve independent addressing of a single ion. Specifically, the propagation direction of the first light beam and the propagation direction of the second light beam can be at a certain angle (see Figure 4d or Figure 4e ), the angle being greater than 90° and less than 180°. Alternatively, the first and second light beams may be in a plane perpendicular to the two-dimensional ion, with the propagation directions of the first and second light beams being aligned and propagating in opposite directions, and the area where the second light beam and the second light beam overlap is slightly larger than the size of the ion.

[0119] In another possible implementation, when the trapped ions in the trapping module are distributed in two dimensions, the first light beam and the second light beam can also address single-chain ions, that is, the overlapping area of ​​the first light beam and the second light beam can cover multiple ions. Specifically, the propagation direction of the first light beam and the propagation direction of the second light beam can be on the same straight line and propagate relative to each other (see the above Figure 4f)。Alternatively, the propagation direction of the first light beam and the propagation direction of the second light beam can also have an included angle, which is greater than 90° and less than 180°. Specifically, the region where the first light beam and the second light beam overlap can cover multiple ions. It should be noted that when the part where the first light beam and the second light beam overlap in space is a line segment, the size of the line segment depends on the size of the light beam cross section. In addition, since the spacing between adjacent ions is usually on the order of microns, for simultaneous addressing of single-chain ions, the line segment where the first light beam and the second light beam overlap can be aligned with the single chain of ions.

[0120] In a possible implementation, the species of the ions trapped in the trapping module can be the same, or can be different, or can be partially the same. For example, the trapped ions can include, but are not limited to, any one or a combination of multiple of ytterbium (Yb) ions, calcium (Ca) ions, or beryllium (Be) ions, etc. Different species of ions emit fluorescence of different wavelengths.

[0121] It should be noted that, in order to prevent other particles in the external environment from colliding with the trapped ions and thereby destroying the quantum state of the trapped ions or even causing the trapped ions to be lost, etc., the trapping module usually needs to be arranged in a vacuum system or an ultrahigh vacuum system (also referred to as a vacuum chamber) to achieve isolation from the external environment.

[0122] II. Light source module

[0123] In a possible implementation, the light source module is configured to emit a light beam with a first pulse width. In the time domain, the first pulse width can be, for example, on the order of femtoseconds (fs); further, the time interval between adjacent two pulses (i.e., adjacent two light beams emitted by the light source module) is on the order of ns or above. In the spatial domain, the first spatial distance (dL) corresponding to the first pulse width is less than the spacing between any two adjacent ions, and typically dL is on the order of micrometers (um); further, the second spatial distance DL corresponding to the time interval between adjacent two pulses emitted by the light source module is greater than the spacing between any two ions of the at least two ions in the trapping module, and typically DL is on the order of meters. Since the first spatial distance corresponding to the first pulse width is less than the spacing between any two adjacent ions, and the second spatial distance corresponding to the time interval between adjacent two pulses is greater than the spacing between any two ions of the at least two ions in the trapping module, the independent addressing of a single ion can be achieved without affecting the ions around the addressed ion.

[0124] It should be noted that the second spatial distance being greater than the spacing between any two ions of the at least two ions in the trapping module usually means that the second spatial distance is greater than the spacing between any two ions belonging to the same chain, or the second spatial distance is greater than the spacing between any two ions belonging to the same region.

[0125] Further, optionally, the first spatial distance corresponding to the first pulse width can be expressed by the following formula 1, and the second spatial distance corresponding to two adjacent pulses can be expressed by the following formula 2.

[0126] dL=C×dt Formula 1

[0127] DL=C×Dt Formula 1

[0128] Where dL represents the first spatial distance corresponding to the first pulse width, and C represents the speed of light, which is a constant of 3×10 8 m / s, dt represents the first pulse width, DL represents the second spatial distance corresponding to two adjacent pulses, and Dt represents the time interval between two adjacent pulses.

[0129] like Figure 5 The figure shows a schematic diagram of a pulse laser provided by the present application. The pulse widths of the i-th pulse and the i+1-th pulse are both the first pulse width, which is on the order of fs. The first spatial distance corresponding to the first pulse width is dL = C × dt = 3 × 10 8 m / s×10 -15 s = 3 × 10 -7 m = 3 μm, the time interval between the i-th pulse and the i+1-th pulse is greater than 3 ns, and the second spatial distance DL between two adjacent pulses is C × Dt = 3 × 10 8 m / s×3ns=3×10 8 m / s×3×10 -9 s=0.9m.

[0130] Furthermore, optionally, the spacing between the spatially adjacent overlapping positions of the first light beam and the second light beam is typically on the order of meters, wherein the first light beam and the second light beam can also be referred to as two pulses fighting each other. For example, by changing the delay between the first light beam and the second light beam reaching the first target ion, the first light beam and the second light beam can overlap at position 1 or at position 2. If position 1 and position 2 are two adjacent positions, the spacing between position 1 and position 2 is typically on the order of meters, which is much larger than the length of the ion chain trapped by the trapping module. This shows that the first light beam and the second light beam can only overlap at one position on the ion chain and will not affect other ions.

[0131] Exemplarily, the light source module can include but is not limited to a femtosecond pulsed laser, a picosecond laser or an attosecond laser. The femtosecond pulsed laser emits a light beam in the form of femtosecond pulsed laser, the pulse width of the femtosecond pulsed laser is in the order of femtosecond (fs) in the time domain, so that a first spatial distance corresponding to the pulse width is less than the distance between any two adjacent ions in the at least two ions; the repetition frequency is less than GHz, so that a second spatial distance corresponding to the time interval between the emission of the adjacent two light beams is greater than the distance between any two ions in the at least two ions. In space, the spatial distance corresponding to the pulse width of the femtosecond pulsed laser is in the order of um, and the spatial distance (in the order of meters) corresponding to the interval between the adjacent two pulses is much greater than the total length of a general ion chain.

[0132] It should be noted that the light source module can belong to the ion trap system, or can be independent of the ion trap system.

[0133] III. First light splitting module

[0134] In a possible implementation, the first light splitting module can split the light beam from the light source module into a first light beam and a second light beam. It should be understood that the first light beam and the second light beam can be two light beams, or more than two light beams. In other words, the first light splitting module can split the light beam from the light source module into two or more light beams. From the perspective of the trapped ions, each ion can only feel a pair of light (i.e., the first light beam and the second light beam), which can also be understood as the two light beams hitting a single ion at the same time being referred to as the first light beam and the second light beam.

[0135] It should be noted that the first light splitting module splits the light beam from the light source module based on the intensity (or energy or amplitude) of the light beam to obtain the first light beam and the second light beam. The first light beam and the second light beam carry the same information, and the information carried by the first light beam and the second light beam is the same as the information carried by the light beam emitted by the light source module. The sum of the intensity of the first light beam and the intensity of the second light beam is equal to or approximately equal to the intensity of the light beam emitted by the light source module.

[0136] As follows, two possible structures of the first light splitting module are exemplarily given.

[0137] Structure one, the first light splitting module can be a polarizing beam splitter (PBS).

[0138] Please refer to Figure 6A schematic diagram of a splitting principle of a polarizing beam splitter is provided. The polarizing beam splitter can be formed by coating one or more layers of thin film on the inclined surface of a right-angle prism, and then adhering by a glue layer. By using the property that the transmittance of P-polarized light is 1 and the transmittance of S-polarized light is less than 1 when the light beam is incident at the Brewster angle, after the light beam passes through the thin film multiple times at the Brewster angle, an optical element is achieved that allows the P-polarized component to be completely transmitted, while the majority of the S-polarized component is reflected (at least 90% or more). Exemplarily, the polarizing beam splitter can split the incident light (including P-polarized light and S-polarized light) into horizontal polarized light (i.e., P-polarized light) and vertical polarized light (i.e., S-polarized light). Among them, the P-polarized light is completely transmitted, the S-polarized light is reflected at an angle of 45 degrees, and the direction of the outgoing S-polarized light is at an angle of 90 degrees with respect to the direction of the outgoing P-polarized light. It can also be understood that the PBS has transmission and reflection properties, and generally, the reflectivity of S-polarized light is 99.5% or more, and the transmittance of P-polarized light is 91% or more.

[0139] It should be noted that the polarizing beam splitter can also be other possible beam splitters (BS) or beam splitting plates. The beam splitter is formed by coating one or more layers of thin film (i.e., beam splitting film) on the surface of the prism; the beam splitting plate is formed by coating one or more layers of thin film (i.e., beam splitting film) on one surface of the glass plate. Both the beam splitter and the beam splitting plate use the different transmittance and reflectivity of the thin film to the incident light beam to achieve the splitting of the light beam propagating from the light source module.

[0140] It should also be noted that if the light beam from the light source module needs to be split into more than two light beams, the first splitting module can be a PBS array.

[0141] Structure two, the first splitting module can be a diffractive optical element (DOE).

[0142] In a possible implementation, the DOE can split the light beam from the light source module into a first light beam and a second light beam, and the propagation directions of the first light beam and the second light beam can be different or the same, which can be determined according to actual application. It can be understood that the number of the first light beam and the second light beam split by the DOE, and the spacing between the first light beam and the second light beam can be determined by the physical structure of the DOE.

[0143] It should be noted that the structure of the first light splitting module given above is only an example, and the present application does not limit this. Any structure that can split the light beam from the light source module into a first light beam and a second light beam is within the protection scope of the present application. For example, the light splitting module can also be a perforated mirror. The perforated mirror refers to a mirror with holes. The holes of the perforated mirror can allow part of the light beam from the light source module to pass through, obtaining the first light beam; the mirror of the perforated mirror can reflect part of the light beam from the light source module, obtaining the second light beam; or the holes of the perforated mirror can allow part of the light beam from the light source module to pass through, obtaining the second light beam; the mirror of the perforated mirror can reflect part of the light beam from the light source module, obtaining the first light beam.

[0144] IV. First relative delay module

[0145] In a possible implementation, the first relative delay module is configured to control the delay amount (or time difference) of the first light beam and the second light beam to reach a target ion to be manipulated. The delay amount determines the position at which the first light beam and the second light beam coincide, and when the first light beam and the second light beam coincide at a certain target ion, the manipulation of the target ion can be achieved. It can also be understood that by the first relative delay module, the flight time of the light beam (the first light beam or the second light beam) passing through the first relative delay module can be adjusted, so that the position at which the first light beam and the second light beam coincide can be adjusted. It should be noted that the delay amount is determined according to the position of the target ion to be manipulated, and specific details can be referred to the introduction of the ion trap initialization process.

[0146] Specifically, the first relative delay module can be located on the propagation path of the first light beam, and can change the optical path of the first light beam, so as to achieve the change of the delay amount of the first light beam and the second light beam to reach the first target ion; further, the first light beam with the changed optical path and the second light beam reach the first target ion at the same time. Or the first relative delay module can be located on the propagation path of the second light beam, and can change the optical path of the second light beam, so as to achieve the change of the delay amount of the first light beam and the second light beam to reach the first target ion; further, the second light beam with the changed optical path and the first light beam reach the first target ion at the same time. Or the first relative delay module can be located on the propagation paths of the first light beam and the second light beam, and can change the optical path of the first light beam and the optical path of the second light beam, so as to achieve the change of the delay amount of the first light beam and the second light beam to reach the first target ion; further, the first light beam with the changed optical path and the second light beam with the changed optical path reach the first target ion at the same time. It can be understood that when the first light beam and the second light beam coincide at the first target ion, the change amount of the optical path of the first light beam can be the same as or different from the change amount of the optical path of the second light beam.

[0147] It should be noted that there is a corresponding relationship between the time delay of the first light beam and the second light beam to the first target ion and the position of the first target ion, and the corresponding relationship between the two can be determined in the ion trap initialization process. For details, refer to the introduction of the ion trap initialization process.

[0148] As shown in Figure 7 , a relationship diagram between the time delay and the position of the coincidence of the two light beams provided by the present application is shown. In this example, a one-dimensional ion chain including five ions is taken as an example, and the arrows represent the propagation directions of the first light beam and the second light beam, respectively, and the rectangle represents the first light beam and the second light beam. If the time delay of the first light beam and the second light beam is dt, the first light beam and the second light beam do not coincide at any ion at time t0, and simultaneously reach the third ion at time t1. It can also be understood that when the time delay of the first light beam and the second light beam is dt, the first light beam and the second light beam coincide at the third ion, and the third ion is the first target ion. If the time delay of the first light beam and the second light beam is dt', the first light beam and the second light beam do not coincide at any ion at time t0, and simultaneously reach the second ion at time t1'. It can also be understood that when the time delay of the first light beam and the second light beam is dt', the first light beam and the second light beam coincide at the second ion, and the second ion is the first target ion.

[0149] Based on this, by controlling the time delay of the first light beam and the second light beam to the first target ion, the position of the coincidence of the first light beam and the second light beam can be adjusted, so that independent addressing of different ions can be realized. It can also be understood that when the time delay of the first light beam and the second light beam to the target ion is different, the ion irradiated simultaneously by the first light beam and the second light beam is different.

[0150] In a possible implementation, the first relative delay module includes a first driving component and an optical path adjusting component. The first driving component is configured to send a first driving signal to the optical path adjusting component according to a received first control signal, and the first control signal is determined according to the position of the first target ion; and the optical path adjusting component is configured to change the optical path of the received first light beam and / or second light beam according to the first driving signal.

[0151] Further, in the time-sharing addressing scenario, the first driving component can input different first driving signals to the optical path adjusting component at different times, so as to control the coincidence of the first light beam and the second light beam at which ion. It can also be understood that the time delay of the first relative delay module can be controlled by the first driving signal of the first driving component with high precision.

[0152] Exemplarily, the first driving component may be a voltage source, and the corresponding first driving signal may be a voltage signal; or, the first driving component may be a current source, and the corresponding first driving signal may be a current signal.

[0153] Three possible structures of the optical path adjustment component are shown below as examples.

[0154] For the sake of convenience in describing the solution, the following example uses the second beam as an example for the light beam received by the first relative delay module. It should be understood that if the light beam received by the first relative delay module is the first beam, the second beam in the following example can be replaced by the first beam.

[0155] Structure 1, the optical path adjustment component includes a galvanometer and a reflective element.

[0156] Among them, the galvanometer may include but is not limited to a micro electro-mechanical system (MEMS) mirror, or a MEMS waveguide, etc. The reflective element may include but is not limited to a reflector, a prism, etc., and the prism may be, for example, a right-angle prism. Using a right-angle prism as a reflective element helps to improve the utilization rate of the second light beam incident on the first relative delay module. Furthermore, the optical path of the second light beam can be changed by changing the position of the MEMS mirror, and the optical path of the second light beam can be changed by changing the position of the MEMS waveguide. It should be understood that the propagation direction of the second light beam remains unchanged after passing through the MEMS mirror.

[0157] like Figure 8a As shown, it is a structural schematic diagram of a first relative delay module provided by the present application. The first relative delay module includes a first driving component and an optical path adjustment component, and the optical path adjustment component includes a galvanometer and a prism. The galvanometer reflects the received second light beam to the prism, and the prism totally reflects the second light beam from the galvanometer. It can also be understood that the optical path of the second light beam passing through the first relative delay module is: reflected by the galvanometer to the first right-angled surface of the prism, totally reflected by the first right-angled surface of the prism to the second right-angled surface of the prism, and reflected by the second right-angled surface of the prism.

[0158] In one possible implementation, if the first drive component can generate a first drive signal A1 based on a received first control signal and input the first drive signal A1 to the galvanometer, the galvanometer can be adjusted to position A1 according to the first drive signal A1. The corresponding propagation path of the second light beam is a dashed line, and the corresponding delay is dt. If the first drive component can generate a first drive signal B1 based on the received first control signal and the galvanometer can be adjusted to position B1 according to the first drive signal B1, the corresponding propagation path of the second light beam is a solid line, and the corresponding delay is dt'. In other words, the first drive component can input different first drive signals to the galvanometer to adjust the galvanometer to different positions, and the corresponding optical path of the second light beam passing through the galvanometer at different positions is different. In other words, the optical path of the second light beam can be changed by changing the position of the galvanometer. It is understandable that the optical path (or delay) of the second light beam passing through the first relative delay module is related to the position of the galvanometer. Specifically, there is a corresponding relationship between the delay and the position of the galvanometer. For details, please refer to the relevant description of the initialization process below, which will not be repeated here.

[0159] Structure 2: The optical path adjustment component includes a structure with a variable refractive index.

[0160] In one possible implementation, the variable refractive index structure may include, but is not limited to, a photoelectric crystal and a thermo-optical crystal. The photoelectric crystal may be, for example, an electro-optical modulator (EOM), which can adjust the refractive index of the EOM via an electrical signal to change the optical path of the second light beam. A thermo-optical crystal can adjust its refractive index via a thermal signal or electrical temperature control.

[0161] like Figure 8b As shown, it is a structural schematic diagram of another first relative delay module provided by the present application. The first relative delay module includes a first drive component and an optical path adjustment component, and the optical path adjustment component includes a photoelectric crystal. The first drive component can input different first drive signals to the photoelectric crystal, and the photoelectric crystal can be adjusted to different refractive indices according to the first drive signal, and the optical path of the second light beam passing through the photoelectric crystals with different refractive indices is different. It can be understood that the optical path of the second light beam passing through the first relative delay module is related to the refractive index of the electro-optical crystal. Specifically, there is a corresponding relationship between the optical path of the second light beam and the refractive index of the photoelectric crystal. For details, please refer to the relevant introduction of the initialization process, which will not be repeated here.

[0162] Structure 3, the optical path adjustment component includes a spiral line.

[0163] like Figure 8cAs shown, it is another structure diagram of the first relative delay module provided by the present application. The first relative delay module comprises a first driving assembly and an optical path adjusting assembly, the optical path adjusting assembly comprises a spiral line, and the line connecting any point on the spiral line with the center is perpendicular to the tangent of the circular arc at the point. The first driving assembly inputs a first driving signal to the center of the spiral line, and the spiral line can rotate around the center. At this time, the radius of the spiral line gradually increases, the optical path of the second light beam also increases after being reflected by the spiral line, and the incident direction and the exit direction of the second light beam are both unchanged. The corresponding relationship between the optical path of the second light beam and the radius of the spiral line can be obtained in the initialization process, and details can be referred to the initialization process, which will not be described here.

[0164] It should be noted that the structures of the three optical path adjusting assemblies given above are only examples, and any structure that can realize the optical path of the received light beam (such as the second light beam or the first light beam) is within the protection scope of the present application, for example, it can also be a double mirror (a first mirror and a second mirror) and a lens (please refer to Figure 8d By changing the reflection angle of at least one mirror in the double mirror, the optical path of the received second light beam can be changed.

[0165] It should be noted that the range of the delay amount that can be controlled by the first relative delay module is above millimeters, and the precision is below microns, so that the precise alignment and comprehensive coverage of the trapped ions trapped by the trapping module can be realized. For example, the precision of the delay amount can be controlled to be in the order of femtoseconds, and the precision of the spatial distance corresponding to the delay amount can be controlled to be in the order of microns. In addition, multiple ions can share one first relative delay module.

[0166] In the present application, the ion trap system can further comprise a first optical path module and a second optical path module. Further, a control module can be further included. Details are introduced as follows.

[0167] It should be noted that the first optical path module can correspond to the above-mentioned first relative delay module, and the second optical path module does not correspond to the first relative delay module; or the first optical path module does not correspond to the above-mentioned first relative delay module, and the second optical path module corresponds to the first relative delay module; or the first optical path module corresponds to the above-mentioned first relative delay module, and the second optical path module also corresponds to the first relative delay module. It should be understood that the first optical path module corresponding to the first relative delay module can be understood as that the first light beam needs to pass through the first optical path module and the first relative delay module; the first optical path module not corresponding to the first relative delay module can be understood as that the first light beam only needs to pass through the first optical path module and does not need to pass through the first relative delay module. The understanding of the second optical path module corresponding or not corresponding to the first relative delay module is the same as that of the first optical path module corresponding or not corresponding to the first relative delay module. It can also be understood that at least one of the first light beam and the second light beam needs to pass through the first relative delay module in the propagation path of the first light beam and the second light beam for controlling ions.

[0168] In the following introduction, in order to facilitate the description of the scheme, the second optical path module corresponds to the first relative delay module, the first optical path module does not correspond to the first relative delay module, and the first optical path module is taken as an example. The first light beam passes through the first optical path module, and the second light beam passes through the second optical path module.

[0169] Five, the first optical path module and the second optical path module

[0170] In a possible implementation, the first optical path module includes a first modulation component, and the first modulation component is configured to modulate the timing and / or frequency (or relative) of the first light beam. Specifically, the timing of the first light beam can be controlled by an optical switch, that is, the control of the timing of the first light beam is manifested as switching in the time dimension. It can be understood that the first modulation component can modulate one first light beam (corresponding to one ion) or multiple first light beams (corresponding to multiple ions).

[0171] Exemplarily, the first modulation component can include but is not limited to an acousto-optic modulator (AOM), which is composed of an acousto-optic medium and a piezoelectric transducer. When the wave frequency of a certain specific carrier of a radio frequency driver drives the transducer, the transducer generates ultrasonic waves of the same frequency and transmits them into the acousto-optic medium, forming a refractive index change in the medium. When the light beam passes through the medium, the propagation direction of the light beam changes, that is, diffraction occurs, and the diffracted light can be emitted from the AOM.

[0172] Further, optionally, the first modulation component can include at least one or a combination of multiple single-channel modulators or multiple-channel modulators.

[0173] In a possible implementation, the first modulation component can be controlled by a radio frequency driver, and the radio frequency driver can be controlled by a radio frequency (RF) source. Further, the RF source can control the timing and frequency of the RF signal input into the first modulation component through a radio frequency modulator, and the RF source can be controlled by a control module. For details, see the introduction of case two below. It should be noted that the timing and frequency of the first light beam are related to the requirements of quantum computing. It can also be understood that according to the requirements of quantum algorithms, it can be determined which ions need to be controlled at which time to achieve the control of the timing of the RF signal.

[0174] Further, optionally, the first optical path module can further include a first polarization component, and the first polarization component is configured to change the polarization state of the received first light beam. For example, the received first light beam is P-polarized light, and the first polarization component can convert the polarization state of the first light beam to left circularly polarized light. For another example, the received first light beam is S-polarized light, and the first polarization component can convert the polarization state of the first light beam to right circularly polarized light.

[0175] Exemplarily, the first polarization component can be a polarizer, a polaroid or a Glan prism.

[0176] Further, optionally, the first optical path module can further comprise a first scaling and / or shaping component, which is configured to scale and / or shape the first light beam after the polarization state conversion. It should be understood that the electrodes for trapping ions occupy a large space near the ions, and the size of the light spot can be constrained by the light aperture. In order to prevent the light beam from scattering everywhere, it is usually necessary to constrain the size of the light spot of the first light beam in space. If the light spot of the first light beam is large, the first optical path module can also not comprise the first scaling and / or shaping component.

[0177] It can be understood that the first scaling and / or shaping component and the first polarization component belong to passive devices, and the first modulation component belongs to an active device.

[0178] In a possible implementation, the components included in the second optical path module can be the same as those included in the first optical path module, or the components included in the second optical path module can be more than those included in the first optical path module, or the components included in the second optical path module can be less than those included in the first optical path module, which is not limited in the present application. Specifically, the "first" in the first optical path module can be replaced with "second".

[0179] It should be noted that the second modulation component included in the second optical path module is configured to change the polarization state of the received second light beam. If the first polarization component converts the polarization state of the first light beam into left circularly polarized light, the second polarization component can convert the polarization state of the second light beam into right circularly polarized light. If the first polarization component converts the polarization state of the first light beam into right circularly polarized light, the second polarization component can convert the polarization state of the second light beam into left circularly polarized light. Since the polarization states of the first light beam and the second light beam affect the coupling intensity of the first light beam and the second light beam, and further affect the quantum efficiency of the ion manipulation, therefore, when the first light beam with the right circularly polarized light and the second light beam with the left circularly polarized light (or the first light beam with the left circularly polarized light and the second light beam with the right circularly polarized light) reach a certain target ion at the same time, it is helpful to improve the quantum efficiency of the ion.

[0180] Six, control module

[0181] In a possible implementation, the control module can control the time delay of the first light beam and the second light beam to reach the first target ion. Further, the control module is further configured to control the timing and / or frequency of the first light beam and the second light beam, so as to realize the locking of the light frequency. The following will be introduced in different cases.

[0182] Case one, the control module is configured to control the first driving component.

[0183] In a possible implementation, the control module controls the first driving assembly, so as to drive the first relative delay module through the first driving assembly, thereby controlling the delay amount of the first light beam and the second light beam to the first target ion.

[0184] In the following introduction, the optical path adjustment assembly in the first relative delay module is taken as an example, which includes a galvanometer and a reflecting element, and the second light beam passing through the first relative delay module is taken as an example for introduction.

[0185] In a possible implementation, the control module can generate the first control signal according to the correspondence between the position of the first target ion to be manipulated and the first driving signal (for example, by looking up Table 1). Specifically, the control module can determine the delay amount of the first light beam and the second light beam to the first target ion according to the position of the first target ion, determine the change amount of the optical path of the second light beam according to the delay amount, determine the target position of the galvanometer according to the change amount of the optical path of the second light beam, determine the parameter information of the first driving assembly according to the target position, and generate the first control signal according to the parameter information of the first driving assembly. Further, the control module sends the first control signal to the first driving assembly. The first control signal is used to control the first driving assembly to output the first driving signal, and the first control signal may, for example, include the parameter information of the first driving assembly. If the first driving assembly is a voltage source, the parameter information of the first driving assembly may, for example, include a voltage; if the first driving assembly is a current source, the parameter information of the first driving assembly may, for example, include a current; further, the parameter information of the first driving assembly may, for example, include a time sequence. The first driving signal may, for example, be a signal required to move the galvanometer to the target position.

[0186] Table 1: Correspondence between the position of the ion and the parameter information of the first driving assembly

[0187] Identification of ions Position Parameter information of the first drive assembly Ion A Position 1 I A (Or U A )]]> Ion B Position 2 I B (Or U B )]]> … … … Ion N Position N I N (Or U N )]]>

[0188] According to Table 1, if ion A needs to be manipulated, the control module needs to input a current of I A , or a voltage of U A to the first driving assembly, so that the first driving assembly can drive the first relative delay module to change the delay amount of the first light beam and the second light beam to the first target ion, thereby causing the first light beam and the second light beam to coincide at ion A, that is, the first light beam and the second light beam reach ion A at the same time. If ion B needs to be manipulated, the control module needs to input a current of I B , or a voltage of U BAt this time, the first driving assembly drives the first relative delay module to change the delay amount of the first light beam and the second light beam, so that the first light beam and the second light beam coincide at the ion B, i.e. the first light beam and the second light beam reach the ion B at the same time. Here, it is not listed one by one.

[0189] It should be noted that the table 1 can be obtained and stored in the ion trap initialization process. When the position of the ion in the trapping module moves, the table 1 needs to be dynamically updated or calibrated.

[0190] Case two, the control module controls the radio frequency source.

[0191] In a possible implementation, the control module is further configured to control the parameters and timing of the radio frequency source, so as to control the timing and / or frequency of the first light beam and the second light beam. Specifically, the control module can control the RF source to input a control signal 1 to the first radio frequency driver, so as to control the timing and / or frequency of the first light beam according to the requirements of quantum calculation; and / or, the control module can control the RF source to input a control signal 2 to the second radio frequency driver, so as to control the timing and / or frequency of the second light beam according to the requirements of quantum calculation.

[0192] Exemplarily, the control module can include one or more processing units, which can be a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller, an application processor (AP), a graphics processing unit (GPU), an image signal processor (ISP), a controller, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a central processing unit (CPU), or other programmable logic devices, transistor logic devices, hardware components, or any combination thereof. Different processing units can be independent devices or integrated into one or more processors.

[0193] After the quantum state manipulation is completed, the quantum state of the ions can also be detected. Based on this, the ion trap system can also include a detection module. When the detection light is irradiated on the corresponding ions, the ions will produce photoluminescence and generate fluorescence. The detection module can obtain the quantum state information of the ions by collecting the fluorescence generated by the ions. For example, the fluorescence can characterize whether the quantum state of the ions is 0 or 1. Furthermore, the detection module can send the read quantum state information of the ions to the control module so that the control module can readjust the first drive component and / or the radio frequency source, etc. For details, please refer to the introduction of the control module.

[0194] Exemplarily, the detection module can be, for example, an avalanche photodiode (APD), a photomultiplier tube (PMT), an electron multiplying charge coupled device (EMCCD), a four-quadrant photodetector, or a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) detector.

[0195] Furthermore, as time goes by, the position of the trapped ions in the trapping module may change. In order to achieve accurate addressing of the first light beam and the second light beam to the corresponding ions, it is also necessary to dynamically adjust the parameters of some or all modules in the ion trap system. Based on this, the ion trap system can also include a feedback module. The input of the feedback module is the quantum state information of the ions, and the output is the voltage or current of the first relative delay module, which is mainly used for alignment debugging and can achieve alignment maintenance. It should be understood that the quantum state information of the ions can be obtained by detecting the probe light. Furthermore, the feedback module can also reduce or even eliminate the impact of mechanical drift, so that the first light beam and the second light beam can be aligned with the ions for a long time, thereby achieving long-term control.

[0196] It should be noted that the functions of the control module and the functions of the feedback module can be integrated into one hardware, or can be integrated into different hardware, and this application does not limit this.

[0197] The following is an exemplary illustration of the ion trap initialization process.

[0198] Firstly, the ion trapped in the trapping module is initialized as a quantum initial state, for example, a 0 state. Then the quantum state information of the ion is detected by the detection module, and the delay amount is adjusted according to the quantum state information of the ion, so as to determine the position of the addressed ion. Specifically, when the control module cannot obtain the quantum state information of the ion, it means that the first light beam and the second light beam do not reach any ion at the same time, that is, no ion is lit, and the delay amount continues to be adjusted; when the quantum state information of a certain ion is obtained, that is, the first light beam and the second light beam reach the ion at the same time, that is, the ion is lit, by continuously changing the propagation direction of the first light beam and the second light beam and scanning the corresponding ion for the Rabi oscillation, the relationship between the Rabi strength and the position of the first light beam and the second light beam can be obtained, when the position of the first light beam and the second light beam is completely aligned with the corresponding ion, the measured Rabi strength Ω is maximum, and the position of the ion, the corresponding delay amount, and the initial propagation direction of the first light beam and the initial propagation direction of the second light beam are recorded; when the initial propagation direction of the first light beam and the second light beam is determined, the propagation direction of the first light beam and the second light beam is not changed in the subsequent process, and only the delay amount is adjusted to address different ions. If the quantum state information of the ion obtained is not the ion to be addressed, the delay amount continues to be adjusted, and when a specific ion is lit, the corresponding relationship between the position of the specific ion and the delay amount is recorded.

[0199] For example, when the quantum state information of ion A is obtained, the corresponding relationship between the position of ion A and delay amount A is recorded based on the same method described above; when the quantum state information of ion B is obtained, the corresponding relationship between the position of ion B and delay amount B is recorded; and so on; when ion E needs to be addressed, but the quantum state information of ion C is obtained again, the delay amount can be continuously adjusted until the quantum state information of ion E is obtained, and the corresponding relationship between the position of ion E and delay amount E is recorded.

[0200] Table 2: Corresponding relationship between the position of the ion and the delay amount

[0201]

[0202]

[0203] Further, during the initialization process of the ion trap, the size of the parameter that needs to be changed by the optical path adjustment assembly when the corresponding delay amount is satisfied can also be determined. If the optical path adjustment assembly includes a galvanometer and a reflecting element, the target position of the corresponding galvanometer when each delay amount in Table 2 is satisfied can also be determined; if the optical path adjustment assembly includes a variable refractive index structure, the target refractive index of the variable refractive index structure corresponding to each delay amount in Table 2 can also be determined. Here, it is not listed one by one.

[0204] Table 3: Taking the optical path adjustment assembly including a galvanometer and a reflecting element as an example, the relationship between the delay amount and the position of the galvanometer is given.

[0205] Table 3: Corresponding relationship between delay amount and position of the galvanometer

[0206] Delay amount Position of the galvanometer ΔA Position A ΔB Position B … … ΔE Position E

[0207] Further, in the initialization process of the ion trap system, the parameter information sent by the control module to the first driving assembly when the galvanometer is to be moved to the corresponding target position can also be determined, which can be referred to Table 1.

[0208] It should be noted that after the initialization of the ion trap system is completed, the above Tables 2 to 3 can be stored respectively, or the above Tables 2 to 3 can be combined into Table 1 for storage, which is not limited in the present application.

[0209] It can be understood that the ion trap initialization process can be iteratively automatically calibrated and adjusted through a software program.

[0210] Based on the above, five specific possible implementation modes of the above ion trap system are given below. In order to further understand the architecture of the above ion trap system and the process of addressing ions. It should be noted that the above gives each module, if there is no special description and logical conflict, according to its internal logical relationship can be combined to form other possible ion trap systems. The four ion trap systems given below are only examples.

[0211] As shown in Figure 9 , another architecture schematic diagram of an ion trap system provided by the present application is shown. The ion trap system can include a trapping module 901, a light source module 902, a first light splitting module 903, a first relative delay module 904, a first light path module 905, and a second light path module 906. Further, optionally, the ion trap system can also include a control module 907 and a detection module 908. In this example, the second light path module 906 corresponds to the first relative delay module 904, and the first light beam passes through light path 1 and the second light beam passes through light path 2. For detailed introduction of each module, please refer to the foregoing related content, which will not be repeated here.

[0212] Based on Figure 9The propagation light path of the ion trap system shown is: the light source module 902 emits a first pulse of a light beam, which is divided into a first light beam and a second light beam by the first light splitting module 903. The light path passed by the first light beam can be referred to as light path 1, specifically: the first light beam is propagated to the first target ion through the first light path module 905. The light path passed by the second light beam can be referred to as light path 2, specifically: the second light beam is propagated to the second light path module 906 after passing through the first relative delay module 904, and the first relative delay module 904 can change the optical path of the second light beam, thereby changing the delay amount of the first light beam and the second light beam to the first target ion; and then the second light beam is propagated to the first target ion through the second light path module 906. Based on this, the first light beam and the second light beam reach the first target ion at the same time to achieve addressing of the first target ion. In order to improve quantum efficiency, the first light beam reaching the first target ion is left circularly polarized light, and the second light beam reaching the first target ion is right circularly polarized light; or, the first light beam reaching the first target ion is right circularly polarized light, and the second light beam reaching the first target ion is left circularly polarized light. Further, after the first light beam and the second light beam manipulate the first target ion, the detection module 908 can also detect the quantum state information of the first target ion. For details, please refer to the foregoing introduction of the detection module, which will not be described here.

[0213] It can be understood that, based on Figure 9 The ion trap system shown can achieve independent addressing of a single ion, or can also achieve entangled addressing of two or more ions. Specifically, in relation to the first pulse width of the light beam emitted by the light source module, if the first spatial distance corresponding to the first pulse width is smaller than the spacing between any two adjacent ions, then the addressing of a single ion can be achieved; if the first spatial distance corresponding to the first pulse width is greater than the spacing between adjacent two ions, then the entangled addressing of the two ions or more ions can be achieved.

[0214] Based on the above ion trap system, the first relative delay module is used to adjust the delay amount of the first light beam and the second light beam to the first target ion, which can also be understood as controlling the photon flight time through the first relative delay module, so that the first light beam and the second light beam can be precisely controlled to coincide at different ions, that is, high-precision independent addressing of different ions can be achieved.

[0215] It should be noted that the order of the various components included in the first light path module 905 in the above Figure 9 The order of the various components included in the second light path module 906 can also be interchanged. In addition, the positions of the second light path module 906 and the first relative delay module 904 can be interchanged, Figure 9 The architecture shown is only one possible example.

[0216] Please refer to Figure 10Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of another ion trap system architecture according to the present disclosure. The ion trap system can include a trapping module 1001, a light source module 1002, a first light splitting module 1003, a first relative delay module 1004, a first light path module 1005, a second light path module 1006, and a second light splitting module 1007. Further, the ion trap system can also include a control module 1008 and a detection module 1009. In this example, the second light path module 1106 corresponds to the first relative delay module 1104, and the first light beam passes through light path 1 and the second light beam passes through light path 2. The first relative delay module 1004 includes N sub relative delay modules. The second light splitting module 1006 includes a second modulation component, which can be a modulator including at least N channels, one sub relative delay module 1004 corresponding to one channel; or the second modulation component can be N modulators, one sub relative delay module 1004 corresponding to one modulator; or the second modulation component can include m single-channel modulators and N-m channel modulators, one sub relative delay module 1004 corresponding to one channel or one single-channel modulator. Figure 10 Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of another ion trap system architecture according to the present disclosure. The ion trap system can include a trapping module 1001, a light source module 1002, a first light splitting module 1003, a first relative delay module 1004, a first light path module 1005, a second light path module 1006, and a second light splitting module 1007. Further, the ion trap system can also include a control module 1008 and a detection module 1009. In this example, the second light path module 1106 corresponds to the first relative delay module 1104, and the first light beam passes through light path 1 and the second light beam passes through light path 2. The first relative delay module 1004 includes N sub relative delay modules. The second light splitting module 1006 includes a second modulation component, which can be a modulator including at least N channels, one sub relative delay module 1004 corresponding to one channel; or the second modulation component can be N modulators, one sub relative delay module 1004 corresponding to one modulator; or the second modulation component can include m single-channel modulators and N-m channel modulators, one sub relative delay module 1004 corresponding to one channel or one single-channel modulator.

[0217] Based on Figure 10The propagation light path of the ion trap system shown is as follows: after the light source module 1002 emits a light beam at a first pulse width, the light beam is divided into a first light beam and a second light beam by the first light splitting module 1003; the light path through which the first light beam passes can be referred to as light path 1, and specifically: the first light beam is transmitted to the first target ion through the first light path module 1005. The light path through which the second light beam passes can be referred to as light path 2, and specifically: the second light beam is divided into N third light beams by the second light splitting module 1007, and each third light beam is transmitted to the corresponding second modulation component in the second light path module 1006 after passing through the corresponding sub-relative delay module 1004. The sub-relative delay module can change the optical path of the second light beam, so as to change the delay amount of the first light beam and the second light beam to the first target ion; and then the second light beam is transmitted to the first target ion through the second light path module 1006. Based on this, the N third light beams coincide with the first light beam at different ions in turn, so as to realize addressing of multiple ions. Moreover, in quantum computing, parallel multi-qubit computing can be performed, and the quantum algorithm applicable based on the ion trap system is more abundant.

[0218] Further, after the first light beam and the third light beam manipulate the first target ion, the detection module 1009 can also detect the quantum state information of the first target ion, and details can be referred to the foregoing description of the detection module, which will not be described here.

[0219] It should be noted that the polarization state of the third light beam is the same as that of the second light beam. Therefore, in order to improve the quantum efficiency, the first light beam reaching the first target ion is left-handed circularly polarized light, and the third light beam reaching the first target ion is right-handed circularly polarized light; or, the first light beam reaching the first target ion is right-handed circularly polarized light, and the third light beam reaching the first target ion is left-handed circularly polarized light.

[0220] It should also be noted that the order of the components included in the first light path module 1005 in the above Figure 10 may be interchanged, and the order of the components included in the second light path module 1006 can also be interchanged. In addition, the second light path module 1006 can be interchanged with the position of the first relative delay module 1004, Figure 10 the order shown is only one possible example.

[0221] Please refer to Figure 11, which is a schematic diagram of the architecture of another ion trap system provided in the present application. The ion trap system may include a trapping module 1101, a light source module 1102, a first spectroscopic module 1103, a first relative delay module 1104, a first optical path module 1105, a second optical path module 1106, a first beam recovery module 1107 and a second relative delay module 1108; further, optionally, the ion trap system may also include a control module 1109 and a detection module 1110. Further, optionally, the ion trap system may also include a first filtering module 1111. In this example, the correspondence between the first relative delay module 1104 and the second optical path module 1106 is taken as an example. Among them, the trapping module 1101, the light source module 1102, the first spectroscopic module 1103, the first relative delay module 1104, the first optical path module 1105, the second optical path module 1106, the control module 1109 and the detection module 1110 can be referred to the above-mentioned related introduction and will not be repeated here.

[0222] The first beam recycling module 1107 can be used to recycle a fourth beam, where the fourth beam is the remaining light of the first beam after manipulating the first target ions or the remaining light of the second beam after manipulating the first target ions. Figure 11 The fourth light beam is taken as the remaining light of the second light beam. For example, the first light beam recycling module 1107 may include but is not limited to: a reflector, a diffraction grating, or a polarization beam splitter.

[0223] The second relative delay module 1108 is used to adjust the delay amount of the fourth light beam and the first light beam to reach the second target ion, and the adjusted fourth light beam and the first light beam overlap at the second target ion. The second target ion is the ion other than the first target ion among the at least two ions. Regarding the structure of the second relative delay module 1108, please refer to the introduction of the aforementioned first relative delay module. The difference is that the first relative delay module adjusts the optical path of the second light beam, while the second relative delay module adjusts the optical path of the fourth light beam. Among them, the optical path of the fourth light beam is equal to the sum of k times the second spatial distance corresponding to the time interval between the two adjacent light beams emitted by the light source module and 2 times the spacing between the first target ion and the second target ion, and k is a positive integer. Specifically, L4=k×DL+2×Δ 12 =k×C×Dt+2×Δ 12 , Δ 12 Indicates the distance between the first target ion and the second target ion.

[0224] In one possible application scenario, if the ions trapped by the trapping module are one-dimensionally and equidistantly distributed ions, the optical path of the fourth light beam is equal to the sum of k times the second spatial distance and m times the spacing Δ between adjacent ions, where k and m are positive integers. Specifically, L4=k×DL+2mΔ=k×C×Dt+2mΔ. For example, if the initial state is that the first light beam and the second light beam control the first ion, when m is equal to 1 and k=1, the first light beam and the fourth light beam can address the second ion; when m=2 and k=1, the first light beam and the fourth light beam can address the third ion, and so on. It can also be understood that by controlling the size of m, the order of addressing ions (or the arrangement combination mode of the addressed ions) can be achieved.

[0225] The first filtering module 1111 is configured to allow the received fourth light beam to pass through in the first time domain and propagate the fourth light beam to the second relative delay module 1108. It can also be understood that the first filtering module is mainly used for wave selection or filtering in the first time domain. For example, the first filtering module can be a filter (or a wave selector). The filter can have at least two states, a closed (or diverted) state and a passing state. In the first time domain, the filter is in the passing state, indicating that the filter allows the fourth light beam to pass through in the first time domain; in the time domain other than the first time domain, the filter is in the closed state, indicating that the fourth light beam is not allowed to pass through in the time domain other than the first time domain. In other words, when the filter is in the passing state, the fourth light beam can pass through; when the filter is in the closed state, the fourth light beam cannot pass through, or the fourth light beam is diverted to a trash can (or a light collection barrel).

[0226] Based on the above Figure 11The optical propagation path of the ion trap system shown is as follows: the light source module 1102 emits a light beam with a first pulse width, which is split into a first light beam and a second light beam by the first spectrometer module 1103. The optical path along which the first light beam passes can be referred to as optical path 1. Specifically, the first light beam passes through the first optical path module 1105 to reach the first target ion. The optical path along which the second light beam passes can be referred to as optical path 2. Specifically, the second light beam passes through the first relative delay module 1104 and then passes through the second optical path module 1106. The first relative delay module 1104 can change the optical path of the second light beam, thereby changing the delay between the first and second light beams reaching the first target ion. The light beam then passes through the second optical path module 1106 to reach the first target ion. Based on this, the first and second light beams reach the first target ion at the same time to achieve addressing of the first target ion. Furthermore, the light remaining after the second light beam manipulates the first target ion (which may be referred to as the fourth light beam) is recovered by the first light beam recovery module 1107 and propagated to the first filter module 1111. The first filter module 1111 allows the fourth light beam to pass through in the first time domain and propagates to the second relative delay module 1108. The fourth light beam is propagated to the second target ion after adjusting the optical path by the second relative delay module 1108. At this time, the first light beam also continues to propagate forward in the propagation direction and overlaps with the fourth light beam at the second target ion. It should be noted that the first light beam that overlaps with the fourth light beam and the first light beam that overlaps with the second light beam are not the first light beams split from the same light beam emitted by the light source module, but may be the first light beams that are split from two of the multiple light beams emitted by the light source module. For example, the light source module emits light beam A, light beam B, and light beam C in sequence. Light beam A is divided into first light beam A1 and second light beam A2 by the first light splitting module. Light beam B is divided into first light beam B1 and second light beam B2 by the first light splitting module. Light beam C is divided into first light beam C1 and second light beam C2 by the first light splitting module. The first light beam overlapping with the fourth light beam may be the first light beam C1, and the first light beam overlapping with the second light beam A2 is the first light beam A1.

[0227] Furthermore, after the first light beam and the second light beam manipulate the first target ion, the detection module 1110 can also detect the quantum state information of the first target ion; when the first light beam and the fourth light beam manipulate the second target ion, the detection module 1110 can also detect the quantum state information of the second target ion.

[0228] It should be noted that the above Figure 11The ion trap system shown can also be provided with a first light beam recycling module and a third relative delay module. The first light beam recycling module can be used to recycle the light (which can be referred to as a fifth light beam) remaining after the first light beam manipulates the first target ions. The third relative delay module can change the optical path of the fifth light beam, thereby adjusting the delay amount of the fifth light beam and the fourth light beam reaching the second target ions. It can also be understood that the optical path of the fifth light beam can be changed by the third relative delay module, and the optical path of the fourth light beam can be changed by the second relative delay module, that is, the delay amount of the fourth light beam and the fifth light beam reaching the second target ions can be changed by the third relative delay module and the second relative delay module.

[0229] It should also be noted that the order of the various components included in the first optical path module 1105 described above Figure 11 may be interchanged, and the order of the various components included in the second optical path module 1106 can also be interchanged. In addition, the second optical path module 1106 can be interchanged with the position of the first relative delay module 1104, and the positions of the second relative delay module 1108 and the first filter module 1111 can also be interchanged, Figure 11 The architecture shown is only one possible example.

[0230] Please refer to Figure 12 , which is another architecture of an ion trap system provided by the present application. The ion trap system can include a trapping module 1201, a light source module 1202, a first light splitting module 1203, a first relative delay module 1204, a first optical path module 1205, a second optical path module 1206, a first light beam recycling module 1207, and a second relative delay module 1208. Further, optionally, the ion trap system can also include a first filter module 1209 and a third optical path module 1210. Further, optionally, the ion trap system can also include a control module 1211 and a detection module 1212. In this example, the first relative delay module 1204 corresponds to the second optical path module 1206. The trapping module 1201, the light source module 1202, the first light splitting module 1203, the first relative delay module 1204, the first optical path module 1205, the second optical path module 1206, the control module 1211, and the detection module 1212 can be referred to the foregoing related description, which will not be described here. The first light beam recycling module 1207, the second relative delay module 1208, and the first filter module 1209 can be referred to the related description in the foregoing Figure 11 , which will not be described here.

[0231] The third optical path module 1210 is less than the first optical path module described above in the first modulation assembly, and less than the second optical path module in the second modulation assembly. It can also be understood that the third optical path module 1210 can include a third scaling and / or shaping assembly, and further includes a third polarizer. Among them, the third scaling and / or shaping assembly can refer to the introduction of the first scaling and / or shaping assembly described above, and the third polarizer can refer to the introduction of the first polarizer described above. In order to maximize the quantum efficiency, the polarization state of the fourth light beam is the same as that of the second light beam. Therefore, if the third optical path module 1210 includes a third polarizer, the polarization state allowed to pass through the third polarizer is the same as the polarization state allowed to pass through the second polarizer described above.

[0232] Based on the above Figure 12 The propagation optical path of the ion trap system shown is: the light source module 1202 emits a light beam with a first pulse width, which is divided into a first light beam and a second light beam by the first light splitting module 1203. The optical path passed by the first light beam can be referred to as optical path 1, specifically: the first light beam is propagated to the first target ion through the first optical path module 1205. The optical path passed by the second light beam can be referred to as optical path 2, specifically: the second light beam is propagated to the second optical path module 1206 after passing through the second relative delay module 1204. By changing the optical path of the second light beam through the first relative delay module 1204, the delay amount of the first light beam and the second light beam to the first target ion can be changed; and then the second light beam is propagated to the first target ion through the second optical path module 1206. Based on this, the first light beam and the second light beam reach the first target ion at the same time to achieve addressing of the first target ion. Further, the light (which can be referred to as a fourth light beam) remaining after the second light beam manipulates the first target ion is recycled through the first light beam recycling module 1207 and propagated to the third optical path module 1210, and propagated to the first filtering module 1209 through the third optical path module 1210. The first filtering module 1209 allows the fourth light beam to pass in the first time domain, and transmits the fourth light beam to the second relative delay module 1208. The second relative delay module 1208 changes the optical path of the fourth light beam, and transmits the fourth light beam with the changed optical path to the first relative delay module 1204 in the optical path 2. The first relative delay module 1204 and the second relative delay module 1208 can adjust the delay amount of the fourth light beam and the first light beam to the second target ion. Among them, the optical path passed by the fourth light beam before returning to the optical path can be referred to as optical path 3.

[0233] It should be noted that the order of the components included in the first optical path module 1205 in the above Figure 12 The order of the components included in the second optical path module 1206 can also be interchanged. In addition, the position of the second optical path module 1206 can be interchanged with the first relative delay module 1204, the positions of the second relative delay module 1208, the first filtering module 1209 and the third optical path module 1210 can also be interchanged, Figure 12The illustrated architecture is only one possible example.

[0234] By the above Figure 11 or Figure 12 The ion trap system illustrated above, the second relative delay module can change the optical path of the fourth light beam, so as to adjust the delay amount of the fourth light beam and the first light beam to reach the second target ion, so as to realize addressing multiple ions in sequence. Moreover, by adjusting the delay amount of the fourth light beam and the first light beam to reach the second target ion, the arrangement combination of the addressed ions can also be changed, for example, the arrangement combination of the addressed ions can be the first ion, the second ion, the third ion, etc., or it can also be the first ion, the third ion, the second ion, etc., which will not be listed one by one here. Further, by recycling the energy remaining in the first light beam or the second light beam after manipulating the ions, the energy utilization rate can be improved, and in the simultaneous addressing of multiple ions, the power consumption of the ion trap system and the complexity of the system can be reduced.

[0235] The beneficial effects given above are further analyzed as follows.

[0236] The ion trap system illustrated above Figure 12 The optical path L4 of the fourth light beam = k x DL + 2 x Δ 12 = k x C x Dt + 2 x Δ 12 Based on this, the delay amount (e.g. 10 fs order) of the fourth light beam and the first light beam to reach the second target ion corresponds to the third spatial distance (e.g. several microns order) which is equal to the interval Δ 12 between the first target ion and the second target ion, so as to realize the coincidence of different fourth light beams and the first light beam at the second target ion.

[0237] Referring to Figure 13A schematic diagram of a recovered fourth beam formed pulse group is provided in the present application. Taking the example of the light source module sequentially emitting light beams A, B, C, D, E, F, and G, light beam A is divided into first light beam A1 and second light beam A2 by the first light splitting module, light beam B is divided into first light beam B1 and second light beam B2 by the first light splitting module, light beam C is divided into first light beam C1 and second light beam C2 by the first light splitting module, light beam D is divided into first light beam D1 and second light beam D2 by the first light splitting module, light beam E is divided into first light beam E1 and second light beam E2 by the first light splitting module, light beam F is divided into first light beam F1 and second light beam F2 by the first light splitting module, and light beam G is divided into first light beam G1 and second light beam G2 by the first light splitting module. After the first light beam A1 and the second light beam A2 manipulate the corresponding first target ions, the fourth light beam a can be recovered; after the first light beam B1 and the second light beam B2 manipulate the corresponding first target ions, the fourth light beam b can be recovered; and after the first light beam C1 and the second light beam C2 manipulate the corresponding first target ions, the fourth light beam c can be recovered. Based on this, the fourth light beam a, the fourth light beam b, and the fourth light beam c have been recovered in the optical path. The fourth light beam a, the fourth light beam b, and the fourth light beam c can form a pulse sequence, which is equivalent to expanding a single pulse into a pulse sequence. It should be noted that the fourth light beam can also be recycled and reused to form a pulse sequence.

[0238] Based on the pulse sequence formed by the fourth light beam a, the fourth light beam b, and the fourth light beam c, the second relative delay module can control the first light beam D1 and the fourth light beam a to be possibly non-coincident (see (a) in Figure 14 The fourth light beam a can coincide with the first light beam E1 at the second target ion A (see (b) in the following Figure 14 The fourth light beam b can coincide with the first light beam F1 at the second target ion B (see (c) in the following Figure 14 The fourth light beam c and the first light beam G1 coincide at the second target ion C (see (d) in the following Figure 14 It can also be understood that the second relative delay module can control the delay amount of the fourth light beam a and the first light beam E1 to be dt3_1, the delay amount of the fourth light beam b and the first light beam F1 to be dt3_2, and the delay amount of the fourth light beam c and the first light beam G1 to be dt3_3. When the fourth light beam a, the fourth light beam b, and the fourth light beam c converge, the delay amount of the pulse sequence is dt3_1, dt3_2, and dt3_3, respectively. Specifically, at t0 moment, the fourth light beam a and the first light beam D1 do not coincide at the ion, and there is no manipulation on the ion; at t0+2*dti moment, the fourth light beam a and the first light beam E1 coincide at the ion A; at t0+3*dti moment, the fourth light beam b and the first light beam F1 coincide at the ion B; and at t0+4*dti moment, the fourth light beam c and the first light beam G1 coincide at the ion C.

[0239] By the second relative delay module, the pulse sequence formed by the fourth light beam a, the fourth light beam b and the fourth light beam c can be made to coincide with the first light beam at different ions, so as to realize addressing of different ions. Since the time difference of manipulation of different ions is in the order of 10 fs, the pulse interval of the pulse sequence formed by the fourth light beam a, the fourth light beam b and the fourth light beam c is much smaller than the manipulation period of the manipulated ions, and therefore it can be considered that based on this, multiple ions can be simultaneously addressed.

[0240] Referring to Figure 15 Another architecture schematic diagram of an ion trap system is provided for the present application. The ion trap system can include a trapping module 1501, a light source module 1502, a first light splitting module 1503, a first relative delay module 1504, a first light path module 1505, a second light path module 1506 and a second light beam recycling module 1507; further, optionally, the ion trap system can further include a control module 1508 and a detection module 1509. In this example, the first relative delay module 1504 is taken as an example corresponding to the second light path module 1506. Wherein, the trapping module 1501, the light source module 1502, the first light splitting module 1503, the first relative delay module 1504, the first light path module 1505, the second light path module 1506, the control module 1508 and the detection module 1509 can refer to the foregoing relevant introduction, which will not be repeated here.

[0241] Wherein, the second recycling module 1507 is configured to return the first light beam from the first light path module 1505 to the first light path module 1505 in a second time domain to form a pulse sequence; and propagate the pulse sequence formed by the first light beam to the trapping module 1501 in a third time domain. Exemplarily, the second light beam recycling module 1507 can include but is not limited to: a mirror group, a diffraction grating, or a polarized light beam splitter, etc.

[0242] In a possible implementation manner, the second time domain and the third time domain can be controlled by the control module 1508. By controlling the second time domain, the pulse interval of the pulse sequence formed by the first light beam can be adjusted; by controlling the third time domain, the interval of the pulse sequence formed by the second light beam can be adjusted.

[0243] Based on Figure 15The propagation light path of the ion trap system shown is as follows: after the light source module 1502 emits a light beam with a first pulse width, the light beam is divided into a first light beam and a second light beam by the first light splitting module 1503; the light path through which the first light beam passes can be referred to as light path 1, and specifically: the first light beam is returned to the first light path module 1505 by the second recovery module 1507 after propagating through the first light path module 1505, forming a pulse sequence. The light path through which the second light beam passes can be referred to as light path 2, and specifically: the second light beam propagates to the second light path module 1506 after passing through the first relative delay module 1504, and the first relative delay module 1504 can change the optical path of the second light beam, thereby changing the delay amount of the first light beam and the second light beam to the first target ion; and then propagates to the third target ion through the second light path module 1506. Based on this, when the pulse sequence formed by the first light beam and the second light beam coincide at the third target ion at the same time, the addressing of the third target ion can be realized. Further, after the first light beam and the second light beam manipulate the third target ion, the detection module 1509 can also detect the quantum state information of the third target ion, and specific details can be found in the foregoing description of the detection module, which will not be described here. Based on this, the pulse sequence formed by the first light beam coincides with the second light beam at different ions in sequence, thereby enabling the addressing of multiple ions. Moreover, in quantum computing, parallel multi-qubit computing can be performed, and the quantum algorithm applicable based on the ion trap system is more abundant.

[0244] It should be noted that the above Figure 15 is an example of recycling the first light beam to form a pulse sequence, and the ion trap system can also recycle the second light beam to the second light path module 1506 to form a pulse sequence to achieve the addressing of different ions. Specifically, the second light beam recycling module is configured to return the first light beam from the second light path module to the second light path module in a fourth time domain, and the second light beam returned to the second light path module forms a pulse sequence with the second light beam from the first light splitting module.

[0245] Based on the above content and the same concept, the present application provides an ion manipulation method, please refer to Figure 16 for details. The ion manipulation method can be applied to the ion trap system shown in any of the embodiments of the above Figures 2 to 15 . It can also be understood that the ion manipulation method can be implemented based on the ion trap system shown in any of the embodiments of the above Figures 2 to 15 .

[0246] In the following description, the second light beam passing through the first relative delay module is taken as an example for illustration.

[0247] As Figure 16 shown, the present application provides a flowchart of an ion manipulation method. The method comprises the following steps:

[0248] At step 1601, the control module generates a first control signal according to the position of the first target ion.

[0249] The process can refer to the introduction of the control module controlling the first driving assembly in case one above, which will not be repeated here.

[0250] At step 1602, the control module sends the first control signal to the first driving assembly. Correspondingly, the first driving assembly receives the first control signal from the control module.

[0251] The first control signal is used to control the first driving assembly to adjust the first relative delay module to change the optical path of the second light beam. If the optical path adjustment component included in the first relative delay module is structure one above, the first control signal can control the first driving assembly to adjust the position of the galvanometer. For example, the first control signal can be used to control the first driving assembly to drive the galvanometer to the target position. If the optical path adjustment component included in the first relative delay module is structure two above, the first control signal can be used to control the first driving assembly to adjust the refractive index of the photoelectric crystal. For example, the first control signal can be used to control the first driving assembly to adjust the refractive index of the photoelectric crystal to the target refractive index. The specific adjustment can be combined with the introduction of the initialization process, which will not be repeated here.

[0252] At step 1603, the first driving assembly generates a first driving signal according to the first control signal and sends the first driving signal to the first relative delay module.

[0253] The first driving signal is used to drive the first relative delay module. If the optical path adjustment component included in the first relative delay module is structure one above, the first driving signal is used to drive the galvanometer to move to the target position. If the optical path adjustment component included in the first relative delay module is structure two above, the first driving signal is used to drive the photoelectric crystal to change the refractive index to the target refractive index.

[0254] At step 1604, the first relative delay module changes the optical path of the received second light beam according to the first driving signal.

[0255] In one possible implementation, if the optical path adjustment component included in the first relative delay module is structure one above, the galvanometer can move to the target position under the action of the first driving signal to change the optical path of the second light beam. If the optical path adjustment component included in the first relative delay module is structure two above, the photoelectric crystal can adjust the refractive index to the target refractive index under the action of the first driving signal to change the optical path of the second light beam.

[0256] Based on the steps 1601-1604, at different time, the optical path of the received second light beam can be controlled to change by the first relative delay module, the delay amount of the first light beam and the second light beam to the ions can be realized, so that the first light beam and the second light beam can be overlapped at different ions. For example, at t A , the first relative delay module can be controlled to move the galvanometer to position A to realize the delay amount of the first light beam and the second light beam as ΔA, so that the first light beam and the second light beam can be overlapped at ion A. For another example, at t B , the first relative delay module can be controlled to move the galvanometer to position B to realize the delay amount of the first light beam and the second light beam as ΔB, so that the first light beam and the second light beam can be overlapped at ion B.

[0257] In step 1605, the control module determines the parameter information of the radio frequency source according to the requirement of quantum calculation, and generates a second control signal according to the parameter information of the radio frequency source.

[0258] The second control signal is used to control the first modulation component to modulate the timing and / or frequency of the first light beam through the first radio frequency driver, and control the second modulation component to modulate the timing and / or frequency of the second light beam through the second radio frequency driver.

[0259] In step 1606, the control module sends the second control signal to the radio frequency source. Correspondingly, the radio frequency source receives the second control signal from the control module.

[0260] In step 1607, the radio frequency source controls the first radio frequency source driver to drive the first modulation component and controls the second radio frequency driver to drive the second modulation component according to the second control signal.

[0261] Based on the steps 1605-1607, the timing and / or frequency of the first light beam and / or the second light beam can be realized, so that the required quantum calculation can be realized.

[0262] It should be noted that the steps 1601-1604 can be understood as the process of the control module controlling the first relative delay module, and the steps 1605-1607 can be understood as the process of the control module controlling the radio frequency source. The two processes have no sequence, and can also be understood as the two processes being executed at the same time. The sequence of the steps given above is only for the convenience of the description of the scheme.

[0263] It should be noted that the control of the control module on the delay amount, each time domain (such as the first time domain, the second time domain, the third time domain, etc.) in each embodiment can be flexibly set according to the requirement of quantum calculation.

[0264] The steps of the methods in the embodiments of the present application can be implemented by hardware, or by a processor executing software instructions. The software instructions can be composed of corresponding software modules, which can be stored in a random access memory (RAM), a flash memory, a read-only memory (ROM), a programmable ROM (PROM), an erasable PROM (EPROM), an electrically EPROM (EEPROM), a register, a hard disk, a mobile hard disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium well known in the art. An exemplary storage medium is coupled to the processor, such that the processor can read information from, and write information to, the storage medium. Of course, the storage medium can be a component of the processor. The processor and the storage medium can be located in an ASIC. In addition, the ASIC can be located in the ion trap system. Of course, the processor and the storage medium can also exist as discrete components in the ion trap system.

[0265] In the above embodiments, the methods can be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented by software, the methods can be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer programs or instructions. When the computer programs or instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, the processes or functions of the embodiments of the present application are performed in whole or in part. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, a network device, user equipment, or other programmable apparatus. The computer programs or instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, or transferred from one computer-readable storage medium to another, for example, the computer programs or instructions can be transferred from one website, computer, server, or data center to another by wired or wireless means. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium accessible by a computer or a data storage device such as a server, data center, etc. that integrates one or more available media. The available media can be a magnetic medium, such as a floppy disk, a hard disk, a magnetic tape; an optical medium, such as a digital video disc (DVD); or a semiconductor medium, such as a solid state drive (SSD).

[0266] In the various embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise specified or there is a logical conflict, the terms and / or descriptions between different embodiments are consistent and can be referenced by each other. The technical features in different embodiments can be combined to form new embodiments according to their inherent logical relationships.

[0267] In this application, "vertical" does not mean absolute vertical, and a certain engineering error can be allowed. "Multiple" means two or more. "And / or" describes the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone, where A and B can be singular or plural. "At least one of the following items" or similar expressions refers to any combination of these items, including any combination of single items or multiple items. For example, at least one of a, b or c can mean: a, b, c, "a and b", "a and c", "b and c", or "a and b and c", where a, b, c can be single or multiple. In the text description of this application, the character " / " generally indicates that the related objects before and after are in an "or" relationship. In the formula of this application, the character " / " indicates that the related objects before and after are in a "divided" relationship. In addition, in this application, the word "exemplarily" is used to indicate an example, illustration or explanation. Any embodiment or design described as an "example" in this application should not be interpreted as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Alternatively, it can be understood that the use of the word "example" is intended to present concepts in a specific way and does not limit this application.

[0268] It will be appreciated that the various numerical numbers involved in this application are merely for the purpose of describing the distinctions made, and are not intended to limit the scope of the embodiments of the present application. The size of the sequence numbers of the above-mentioned processes does not imply the order of execution, and the order of execution of each process should be determined by its function and inherent logic. Terms such as "first", "second", and similar expressions are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any of their variations are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, for example, comprising a series of steps or units. Methods, systems, products, or devices are not necessarily limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or that are inherent to these processes, methods, products, or devices.

[0269] Although the present application has been described with reference to specific features and embodiments thereof, it is apparent that various modifications and combinations thereof may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. Accordingly, this specification and the drawings are intended to be illustrative only of the solutions defined by the appended claims and are to be construed as covering any and all modifications, variations, combinations or equivalents within the scope of the present application.

[0270] Obviously, many modifications and variations of the present application are possible in light of the above teachings. It is, therefore, to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents, the application can be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.

Claims

1. A particle trap system, characterized by, The particle trap system comprises a light source module, a trapping module, a first light splitting module, and a first relative delay module. The trapping module is configured to trap at least two particles. The light source module is configured to emit a light beam to the first light splitting module at a first pulse width, and the first pulse width corresponds to a first spatial distance which is smaller than a distance between any two adjacent particles in the at least two particles. The first light splitting module is configured to split the received light beam into a first light beam and a second light beam. The first relative delay module is configured to adjust a delay amount of the first light beam and the second light beam to a first target particle, and the adjusted first light beam and the second light beam coincide at the first target particle, and the first target particle is at least one of the at least two particles.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein, A time interval between the emission of the adjacent two light beams corresponds to a second spatial distance which is greater than the distance between any two particles in the at least two particles in the trapping module.

3. The system of claim 1 or 2, wherein, The first relative delay module is specifically configured to: change an optical path of the received first light beam and / or the second light beam.

4. The system of claim 1 or 2, wherein, The first relative delay module comprises a first driving assembly and an optical path adjustment assembly. The first driving assembly is configured to send a first driving signal to the optical path adjustment assembly according to a received first control signal, and the first control signal is determined according to a position of the first target particle. The optical path adjustment assembly is configured to change the optical path of the received first light beam and / or the second light beam according to the first driving signal.

5. The system of claim 4, wherein, The optical path adjustment assembly comprises a galvanometer and a reflecting element. The galvanometer is configured to change the optical path of the received first light beam and / or the second light beam according to the first driving signal, and propagate the first light beam with the changed optical path and / or the second light beam with the changed optical path to the reflecting element. The reflecting element is configured to reflect the first light beam with the changed optical path and / or the second light beam with the changed optical path to the first target particle.

6. The system of claim 1 or 2, wherein, The particle trap system further comprises a first optical path module and a second optical path module. The first optical path module is configured to propagate the first light beam or the first light beam with the changed optical path to the first target particle. The second optical path module is configured to propagate the second light beam or the second light beam with the changed optical path to the first target particle.

7. The system of claim 6, wherein, The first optical path module comprises a first modulation assembly configured to modulate a timing and / or a frequency of the first light beam; and / or The second optical path module comprises a second modulation assembly configured to modulate a timing and / or a frequency of the second light beam.

8. The system of claim 7, wherein, The first optical path module further comprises a first polarization assembly, and the second optical path module further comprises a second polarization assembly. The first polarization assembly is configured to convert a polarization state of the received first light beam into left circularly polarized light, and the second polarization assembly is configured to convert a polarization state of the received second light beam into right circularly polarized light; or The first polarization assembly is configured to convert a polarization state of the received first light beam into right circularly polarized light, and the second polarization assembly is configured to convert a polarization state of the received second light beam into left circularly polarized light.

9. The system of claim 1 or 2, wherein, The particle trap system further comprises a second beam splitting module, the first relative delay module comprises N sub relative delay modules, N is an integer greater than 1; The second beam splitting module is configured to split the second light beam from the first light splitting module into N third light beams, one third light beam corresponding to one sub relative delay module. The sub relative delay module is configured to change the time delay of the first light beam and the third light beam to the first target particle.

10. The system of claim 1 or 2, wherein, The particle trap system further comprises a first light beam recycling module and a second relative delay module; The first light beam recycling module is configured to propagate a fourth light beam to the second relative delay module, the fourth light beam being the remaining light of the first light beam after manipulating the first target particle or the remaining light of the second light beam after manipulating the first target particle; The second relative delay module is configured to adjust the time delay of the fourth light beam and the first light beam to a second target particle, the adjusted fourth light beam and the first light beam being coincident at the second target particle, the second target particle being a particle other than the first target particle among the at least two particles; Wherein, the optical path of the fourth light beam is equal to the sum of k times of the second spatial distance and 2 times of the distance between the first target particle and the second target particle, k is a positive integer.

11. The system of claim 10, wherein, The particle trap system further comprises a first filter module; The first filter module is configured to allow the fourth light beam from the first light beam recycling module to pass through in a first time domain and propagate the fourth light beam to the second relative delay module.

12. The system of claim 10, wherein, The second relative delay module is configured to: Change the optical path of the fourth light beam and propagate the fourth light beam with the changed optical path to a second light path module; The second light path module is further configured to propagate the fourth light beam with the changed optical path to the second target particle.

13. The system of claim 1 or 2, wherein, The light source module comprises a femtosecond pulse laser.

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