A welding method for reducing stress and deformation during on-site welding of thick-walled steel structures

Abstract

The present application discloses a welding method for reducing stress and deformation of on-site welding of thick-walled steel structures, which is applied in the field of welding. The method cooperates between a base plate with a pipe tooling, a pipe fixture, a signal light, a control unit, a telescopic cylinder, and a push rod and a sliding seat with a clamping mechanism, a door frame, and an adjusting bolt. The relative displacement adjustment of the sliding seat can meet the use requirements of welding thick-walled rings at the ends of thick-walled pipes of different lengths. The method has strong applicability, can adjust the relative spacing of the thick-walled rings in advance, and can use the clamping mechanism to quickly clamp and lock them, thereby avoiding stress and deformation during the welding process of thick-walled pipes, and preventing deviations in welding dimensions caused by shortening of the relative spacing of the thick-walled rings after welding. The method is fast and convenient in connecting weldments, has high welding precision, can meet the purpose of fast welding on site, has market prospects, and is suitable for promotion and application.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of welding, and in particular to a welding method for reducing stress and deformation during on-site welding of thick-walled steel structures. Background Art

[0002] Steel structures, with their advantages of high strength, good toughness, excellent seismic resistance, and rapid construction, are well-suited to the demands of modern engineering structures, which are becoming taller, longer-span, and heavier-loaded. Their application in engineering is increasing. In super-high-rise buildings, long-span buildings and bridges, heavy-loaded industrial plants, and specialized structures, the steel plates required for key load-bearing components such as beams, columns, braces, shear walls, and trusses are becoming increasingly thicker.

[0003] Typically, during on-site installation of steel structures, the welded joints of steel components, especially seismic braces, are assembled and welded on-site according to the actual dimensions of the steel structure. These joints are typically constructed using "staggered butt-jointed" joints. Under these conditions, the shrinkage and volumetric changes of the filler metal within the groove become "uncontrolled" during solidification due to the presence of a welding temperature gradient and low lateral restraint, resulting in significant weld distortion.

[0004] It is well known that, in the absence of additional external forces, welding stress is balanced within the weldment (a balanced force system). While the uneven temperature field caused by the welding process has not yet dissipated, this stress and deformation in the weldment are called transient welding stress and deformation. The stress and deformation after the welding temperature field dissipates are called residual welding stress and deformation, which can lead to dimensional deviations in the welded parts, failing to meet on-site assembly requirements. To address this issue, we propose a welding method that reduces stress and deformation during on-site welding of thick-walled steel structures. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to design an on-site welding tool for thick-walled steel structures, so as to reduce the stress deformation and dimensional deviation of thick-walled steel structures during on-site welding, so as to meet the purpose of fast and efficient on-site construction. Compared with the existing technology, a welding method for reducing stress deformation of thick-walled steel structures during on-site welding is provided, which includes a tool for clamping the thick-walled steel structure, the thick-walled steel structure includes a thick-walled pipe and thick-walled rings welded at both ends of the thick-walled pipe, the tool includes a base plate, a pipe tool for placing the thick-walled pipe is fixed on the top of the base plate, and a pipe fixture for clamping the thick-walled pipe is fixed on one side of the base plate;

[0006] The bottom plate is provided with sliding seats at both ends along the length direction of the thick-walled pipe fittings. The sliding seats are slidably connected to the bottom plate through a slide rail structure. The sliding seats are provided with a clamping mechanism for clamping the thick-walled ring fittings.

[0007] The clamping mechanism includes a fixed seat fixed on the sliding seat, the fixed seat has an annular structure, and a plurality of locking rods are connected to the inner side of the circumference of the fixed seat for rotation at equal angles. The bottom of the fixed seat is connected to a lifting block in a vertical sliding direction, and an execution ring is fixed on the top of the lifting block. The top of the execution ring is connected to a connecting rod in a sliding manner. A tensioning spring is clamped between the connecting rod and the execution ring. A conical block is fixed on the top of the connecting rod, and an electric heating module is fixed on the top of the conical block.

[0008] A telescopic cylinder is fixed on the top of the base plate. The telescopic cylinder is a bidirectional cylinder structure. The output ends on both sides of the telescopic cylinder are rotatably connected to push rods, and the lifting block is provided with an inclined guide groove matching the push rods.

[0009] The relative displacement adjustment achieved by the sliding seat can meet the use requirements of welding thick-walled rings at the ends of thick-walled pipes of different lengths. It has strong applicability, can adjust the relative spacing of the thick-walled rings in advance, and use the clamping mechanism to quickly clamp and lock them, thereby avoiding stress deformation during the welding process of the thick-walled pipes, and preventing the deviation of the welding size caused by the shortening of the relative spacing of the thick-walled rings after welding. The invention connects weldments quickly and conveniently, has high welding precision, can meet the purpose of rapid welding on site, has market prospects, and is suitable for promotion and application.

[0010] Furthermore, door frames are fixed on both sides of the base plate, and adjusting bolts are rotatably connected to the door frames through threaded holes. One end of the adjusting bolt passes through the threaded hole and conflicts with one side of the sliding seat. The adjusting bolt is also provided with a scale mark, which is used to indicate the displacement of the sliding seat.

[0011] Furthermore, a signal light and a control unit are fixed on the base plate. The control unit is a circuit board with a single-chip microcomputer as the core. The signal light, the control valve of the telescopic cylinder and the electric heating module are all electrically connected to the control unit through wires.

[0012] Furthermore, the inclined guide groove has an inclination angle of forty-five degrees, and a wear-resistant ceramic lining is fixed on one side of the groove wall where the inclined guide groove contacts the push rod.

[0013] Furthermore, the tensioning spring has the elastic force to drive the conical block away from the execution ring. The conical block has a conical structure with an inner diameter gradually decreasing from top to bottom. The bottom inner wall of the locking rod is provided with a limiting groove matching the bottom outer wall of the conical block.

[0014] Furthermore, an annular inner cavity is provided in the conical block, an airbag is fixed at the bottom of the annular inner cavity, the airbag is filled with thermal expansion gas, a pressure ring and a conductive ring are provided on the top of the airbag, the pressure ring and the conductive ring are fixedly connected and are both slidably connected to the annular inner cavity, a reset spring is clamped between the pressure ring and the annular inner cavity, a resistance module is provided on the top outer wall of the annular inner cavity, and a conductive sheet is fixed on the top inner wall of the annular inner cavity.

[0015] Furthermore, the thermal expansion gas filled in the airbag is carbon dioxide gas, the resistance module includes resistance blocks arranged equidistantly from top to bottom and with decreasing resistance values, and the positive power supply electrode of the electric heating module is electrically connected to the electric heating module through the conductive sheet, the conductive ring, and the resistance module in sequence.

[0016] Furthermore, thermal contacts are fixed on the top outer wall and bottom inner wall of the locking rod, and a thermal conductive sheet is provided between the two thermal conductive contacts. The thermal conductivity of the thermal conductive contacts and the thermal conductive sheet is the same as that of the conical block and is greater than the thermal conductivity of the locking rod.

[0017] Furthermore, the bottom inner wall of the thick-walled ring is provided with an arc-shaped convex groove, the top outer wall of the locking rod is provided with an arc-shaped pressure point matching the arc-shaped convex groove, the inner wall of the execution ring is a conical structure with the inner diameter gradually decreasing from top to bottom, and the bottom outer wall of the locking rod is provided with an inlet groove matching the inner wall of the execution ring.

[0018] Furthermore, the welding method specifically includes the following steps:

[0019] S1. Pre-grind the thick-walled ring parts and thick-walled pipe fittings at the positions to be welded, then place them in the clamping mechanism and pipe fitting tooling respectively, and use the pipe fitting clamp to lock the thick-walled pipe fittings.

[0020] S2. Adjust the adjusting bolts according to the theoretical distance between the centers of the thick-walled rings at both ends of the thick-walled pipe fittings, and increase the adjustment distance by 0.1-0.2CM.

[0021] S3. At this time, the sliding seat is pushed in both directions by the telescopic cylinder so that the distance between the two thick-walled rings reaches the designed value, and the lifting block is continuously pushed to achieve the purpose of locking the thick-walled rings.

[0022] S4. At this time, the electric heating module is started to preheat the thick-walled ring parts and perform welding to achieve the purpose of reducing welding stress.

[0023] Compared with the existing technology, the advantages of this application are:

[0024] (1) The present invention can meet the use requirements of welding thick-walled rings of different lengths at the ends of thick-walled pipes by adjusting the relative displacement of the sliding seat through the mutual cooperation between the base plate with pipe fittings, pipe fixtures, signal lights, control units, telescopic cylinders, and push rods. The relative displacement of the sliding seat can be adjusted. The present invention has strong applicability, can adjust the relative spacing of the thick-walled rings in advance, and can use the clamping mechanism to quickly clamp and lock them, thereby avoiding stress deformation during the welding process of thick-walled pipes and preventing deviations in welding dimensions caused by shortening of the relative spacing of the thick-walled rings after welding. The present invention is fast and convenient in connecting welds and has high welding precision, can meet the purpose of rapid welding on site, has market prospects, and is suitable for promotion and application.

[0025] (2) Through the integrated control of the control unit, the degree of automation is high, and the alignment of the welded parts and the preheating status of the welding parts can be displayed through signal lights, which makes it easier for on-site welders to pay attention to the welding parameters and improve the welding quality.

[0026] (3) The design of the inclined guide groove with a wear-resistant ceramic lining further reduces the friction between the push rod and the inclined guide groove when the push rod contacts the guide groove, effectively improving the service life and smooth operation.

[0027] (4) Through the design of the lock rod structure with a limit groove, an introduction groove, and an arc pressure point, when the lifting block moves upward, the inner wall of the execution ring is inserted between the lock rod and the fixed seat through the introduction groove. At this time, the lock rod is pressed and flipped, causing the arc pressure point to flip and press into the arc convex groove. The thick-walled ring is driven downward by its flipping pressure and is concentrically clamped on the fixed seat. When the lifting block moves downward, the lock rod loses the pressure of the execution ring and is in a free state. At this time, the downward movement of the lifting block drives the conical block downward, and the conical block is used to press the limit groove, causing the lock rod to flip inward as a whole, thereby achieving the purpose of loosening the thick-walled ring.

[0028] (5) Through the design of the conical block with a conductive sheet, a resistance module, and an airbag, after the clamping mechanism clamps the thick-walled ring, the heat-conducting contacts on the locking rod contact the thick-walled ring and the conical block respectively. When the electric heating module preheats the thick-walled ring, the preheating temperature on the thick-walled ring will be transmitted to the airbag in the conical block. When the carbon dioxide gas in the airbag is heated, the volume will expand, driving the pressure ring and the conductive ring to overcome the elastic force of the reset spring and move upward, thereby changing the contact position of the conductive sheet and the resistance module, thereby adjusting the resistance value and changing the preheating temperature of the electric heating module so that it always maintains the designed preheating temperature, which can effectively prevent the occurrence of welding stress. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the front structure of this application;

[0030] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the side structure of this application;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the bottom structure of this application;

[0032] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a partial cross-sectional structure of this application;

[0033] Figure 5 for Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of the middle part A;

[0034] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the clamping mechanism proposed in this application;

[0035] Figure 7Schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the clamping mechanism proposed in this application;

[0036] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure of the locking rod proposed in this application;

[0037] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the clamping mechanism proposed in this application before clamping;

[0038] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the clamping mechanism proposed in this application after clamping.

[0039] Description of the numbers in the figure:

[0040] Base plate 1, pipe tooling 11, pipe fixture 12, signal light 13, control unit 14, telescopic cylinder 15, push rod 151, sliding seat 2, door frame 21, adjusting bolt 22, clamping mechanism 3, locking rod 31, thermal contact 311, arc pressure point 312, introduction groove 313, limit groove 314, fixed seat 32, execution ring 33, lifting block 34, inclined guide groove 341, tapered block 35, airbag 351, return spring 352, pressure ring 353, conductive ring 354, conductive sheet 355, resistance module 356, electric heating module 36, connecting rod 37, tensioning spring 371, thick-walled ring 4, arc-shaped convex groove 41, thick-walled pipe 5. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0042] Example 1:

[0043] This application discloses a welding method for reducing stress and deformation of thick-walled steel structures during on-site welding. Figure 1-10 , including a tool for clamping a thick-walled steel structure, the thick-walled steel structure including a thick-walled pipe 5 and thick-walled ring members 4 welded to both ends of the thick-walled pipe 5, the tool including a base plate 1, a pipe tool 11 for placing the thick-walled pipe 5 is fixed on the top of the base plate 1, and a pipe fixture 12 for clamping the thick-walled pipe 5 is fixed on one side of the base plate 1;

[0044] The bottom plate 1 is provided with sliding seats 2 at both ends along the length direction of the thick-walled pipe 5. The sliding seats 2 are slidably connected to the bottom plate 1 through a slide rail structure. The sliding seats 2 are provided with a clamping mechanism 3 for clamping the thick-walled ring 4.

[0045] The clamping mechanism 3 includes a fixed base 32 fixed on the sliding base 2. The fixed base 32 has an annular structure. The inner side of the circumference of the fixed base 32 is evenly connected to a number of locking rods 31 for rotation at equal angles. The bottom of the fixed base 32 is slidably connected to a lifting block 34 in the vertical direction. The top of the lifting block 34 is fixed with an execution ring 33. The top of the execution ring 33 is slidably connected with a connecting rod 37. A tensioning spring 371 is clamped between the connecting rod 37 and the execution ring 33. A conical block 35 is fixed to the top of the connecting rod 37, and an electric heating module 36 is fixed to the top of the conical block 35. The top of the base plate 1 is fixed with a telescopic cylinder 15. The telescopic cylinder 15 is a bidirectional cylinder structure. The output ends on both sides of the telescopic cylinder 15 are rotatably connected to push rods 151. The lifting block 34 is provided with an inclined guide groove 341 that matches the push rod 151.

[0046] See also Figure 1-3 In this embodiment, door frames 21 are fixed on both sides of the base plate 1, and an adjusting bolt 22 is rotatably connected to the door frame 21 through a threaded hole. One end of the adjusting bolt 22 passes through the threaded hole and conflicts with one side of the sliding seat 2. A scale mark is also provided on the adjusting bolt 22, which is used to indicate the displacement of the sliding seat 2.

[0047] The present invention cooperates with the base plate 1 with the pipe tooling 11, the pipe clamp 12, the signal light 13, the control unit 14, the telescopic cylinder 15, and the push rod 151, and the sliding seat 2 with the clamping mechanism 3, the door frame 21, and the adjusting bolt 22. Through the relative displacement adjustment of the sliding seat 2, it can meet the use requirements of welding thick-walled ring parts 4 at the ends of thick-walled pipes 5 of different lengths. It has strong applicability, can adjust the relative spacing of the thick-walled ring parts 4 in advance, and use the clamping mechanism 3 to quickly clamp and lock, thereby avoiding stress deformation during the welding process of thick-walled pipes, and preventing the deviation of welding dimensions caused by the shortening of the relative spacing of the thick-walled ring parts 4 after welding. The present invention is fast and convenient in connecting weldments, has high welding precision, can meet the purpose of rapid welding on site, has market prospects, and is suitable for promotion and application.

[0048] Specifically, in this embodiment, a signal light 13 and a control unit 14 are also fixed on the base plate 1. The control unit 14 is a circuit board with a single-chip microcomputer as the core. The signal light 13, the control valve of the telescopic cylinder 15 and the electric heating module 36 are all electrically connected to the control unit 14 through wires.

[0049] Through the integrated control of the control unit 14, the degree of automation is high, and the alignment of the welded parts and the preheating status of the welding parts can be displayed through the signal light 13, which is convenient for on-site welders to pay attention to the welding parameters to improve the welding quality.

[0050] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the inclined guide groove 341 has an inclination angle of forty-five degrees, and a wear-resistant ceramic lining is fixed to one side of the groove wall of the inclined guide groove 341 that contacts the push rod 151 .

[0051] By designing the oblique guide groove 341 with a wear-resistant ceramic lining, the friction between the push rod 151 and the oblique guide groove 341 is further reduced when the push rod 151 contacts the oblique guide groove 341, thereby effectively improving the service life and the smoothness of operation.

[0052] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the tensioning spring 371 has an elastic force that drives the conical block 35 away from the execution ring 33. The conical block 35 has a conical structure with an inner diameter that gradually decreases from top to bottom. The bottom inner wall of the locking rod 31 is provided with a limiting groove 314 that matches the bottom outer wall of the conical block 35. The bottom inner wall of the thick-walled ring 4 is provided with an arc-shaped convex groove 41. The top outer wall of the locking rod 31 is provided with an arc-shaped pressure point 312 that matches the arc-shaped convex groove 41. The inner wall of the execution ring 33 has a conical structure with an inner diameter that gradually decreases from top to bottom. The bottom outer wall of the locking rod 31 is provided with an introduction groove 313 that matches the inner wall of the execution ring 33.

[0053] Through the structural design of the locking rod 31 with a limiting groove 314, an introduction groove 313, and an arc-shaped pressure point 312, when the lifting block 34 moves upward, the inner wall of the execution ring 33 is inserted between the locking rod 31 and the fixed seat 32 through the introduction groove 313. At this time, the locking rod 31 is pressurized and flipped, causing the arc-shaped pressure point 312 to flip and be pressed into the arc-shaped convex groove 41. The thick-walled ring part 4 is driven downward by its flipping pressure and is concentrically clamped on the fixed seat 32. When the lifting block 34 moves downward, the locking rod 31 loses the pressure of the execution ring 33 and is in a free state. At this time, the downward movement of the lifting block 34 drives the conical block 35 to move downward, and the conical block 35 is used to compress the limiting groove 314, causing the locking rod 31 to flip inward as a whole, thereby achieving the purpose of loosening the thick-walled ring part 4.

[0054] In this embodiment, an annular inner cavity is further provided in the conical block 35, an air bag 351 is fixed at the bottom of the annular inner cavity, the air bag 351 is filled with thermal expansion gas, a pressure ring 353 and a conductive ring 354 are provided on the top of the air bag 351, the pressure ring 353 and the conductive ring 354 are fixedly connected and are both slidably connected to the annular inner cavity, a return spring 352 is clamped between the pressure ring 353 and the annular inner cavity, a resistor module 356 is provided on the top outer wall of the annular inner cavity, a conductive sheet 355 is fixed on the top inner wall of the annular inner cavity, and the air bag 351 is provided with a pressure ring 353 and a conductive ring 354. The filled thermal expansion gas is carbon dioxide gas. The resistance module 356 includes resistance blocks that are equidistantly arranged from top to bottom and whose resistance values ​​decrease successively. The positive power supply electrode of the electric heating module 36 is electrically connected to the electric heating module 36 through the conductive sheet 355, the conductive ring 354, and the resistance module 356 in sequence. The top outer wall and the bottom inner wall of the locking rod 31 are both fixed with thermal contacts 311, and a thermal sheet is provided between the two thermal contacts 311. The thermal conductivity of the thermal contacts 311 and the thermal sheet is the same as that of the conical block 35, and is greater than the thermal conductivity of the locking rod 31.

[0055] Through the design of the conical block 35 with a conductive sheet 355, a resistance module 356, and an airbag 351, after the clamping mechanism 3 clamps the thick-walled ring part 4, the thermal contact 311 on the locking rod 31 contacts the thick-walled ring part 4 and the conical block 35 respectively. When the electric heating module 36 preheats the thick-walled ring part 4, the preheating temperature on the thick-walled ring part 4 will be transmitted to the airbag 351 in the conical block 35. When the carbon dioxide gas in the airbag 351 is heated, its volume will expand, driving the pressure ring 353 and the conductive ring 354 to overcome the elastic force of the return spring 352 and move upward, thereby changing the contact position of the conductive sheet 355 and the resistance module 356, thereby adjusting the resistance value and changing the preheating temperature of the electric heating module 36 so that it always maintains the designed preheating temperature, which can effectively prevent the occurrence of welding stress.

[0056] A welding method for reducing stress and deformation during on-site welding of thick-walled steel structures, the welding method specifically comprises the following steps:

[0057] S1. Pre-grind the positions of the thick-walled ring 4 and the thick-walled pipe 5 to be welded, then place them in the clamping mechanism 3 and the pipe fixture 11 respectively, and use the pipe fixture 12 to lock the thick-walled pipe 5.

[0058] S2. Adjust the adjusting bolt 22 according to the theoretical distance between the centers of the thick-walled ring members 4 at both ends of the thick-walled pipe 5, and increase the adjustment distance by 0.1-0.2CM.

[0059] S3. At this time, the sliding seat 2 is pushed in both directions by the telescopic cylinder 15 so that the distance between the two thick-walled ring members 4 reaches the designed value, and then the lifting block 34 is continuously pushed to achieve the purpose of locking the thick-walled ring members 4.

[0060] S4. At this time, the electric heating module 36 is started to preheat the thick-walled ring part 4 and perform welding to achieve the purpose of reducing welding stress.

[0061] The above is only a preferred specific implementation method of the present application, but the scope of protection of the present application is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes within the technical scope disclosed in the present application based on the technical solution and its improved ideas, which should be covered by the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A welding method for reducing stress and deformation during on-site welding of thick-walled steel structures, comprising a tool for clamping the thick-walled steel structure, characterized in that: The thick-walled steel structure comprises a thick-walled pipe (5) and thick-walled rings (4) welded to both ends of the thick-walled pipe (5); the tooling comprises a base plate (1); a pipe tooling (11) for placing the thick-walled pipe (5) is fixed on the top of the base plate (1); and a pipe fixture (12) for clamping the thick-walled pipe (5) is fixed on one side of the base plate (1); The base plate (1) is provided with sliding seats (2) at both ends along the length direction of the thick-walled pipe (5); the sliding seats (2) are slidably connected to the base plate (1) via a slide rail structure; and the sliding seats (2) are provided with a clamping mechanism (3) for clamping the thick-walled ring (4); The clamping mechanism (3) includes a fixed seat (32) fixed on the sliding seat (2), the fixed seat (32) is annular in structure, a plurality of locking rods (31) are connected to the inner side of the circumference of the fixed seat (32) for rotating at equal angles, the bottom of the fixed seat (32) is connected to a lifting block (34) in a vertical sliding direction, the top of the lifting block (34) is fixed with an execution ring (33), the top of the execution ring (33) is connected to a connecting rod (37) in a sliding manner, a tensioning spring (371) is clamped between the connecting rod (37) and the execution ring (33), the top of the connecting rod (37) is fixed with a conical block (35), and the top of the conical block (35) is fixed with an electric heating module (36); A telescopic cylinder (15) is fixed on the top of the base plate (1), and the telescopic cylinder (15) is a bidirectional cylinder structure. Both output ends of the telescopic cylinder (15) are rotatably connected to push rods (151), and the lifting block (34) is provided with an inclined guide groove (341) matching the push rod (151); An annular inner cavity is further provided in the conical block (35), an air bag (351) is fixed at the bottom of the annular inner cavity, the air bag (351) is filled with thermal expansion gas, a pressure ring (353) and a conductive ring (354) are provided at the top of the air bag (351), the pressure ring (353) and the conductive ring (354) are fixedly connected and are both slidably connected to the annular inner cavity, a return spring (352) is further clamped between the pressure ring (353) and the annular inner cavity, a resistance module (356) is provided on the top outer wall of the annular inner cavity, and a conductive sheet (355) is fixed on the top inner wall of the annular inner cavity; The resistance module (356) includes resistance blocks that are equidistantly arranged from top to bottom and whose resistance values ​​decrease sequentially. The positive power supply electrode of the electric heating module (36) is electrically connected to the electric heating module (36) through the conductive sheet (355), the conductive ring (354), and the resistance module (356) in sequence. Thermal contacts (311) are fixed to the top outer wall and the bottom inner wall of the locking rod (31), and a thermal conductive sheet is provided between the two thermal conductive contacts (311). The thermal conductivity of the thermal conductive contacts (311) and the thermal conductive sheet is the same as that of the conical block (35), and is greater than the thermal conductivity of the locking rod (31).

2. A welding method for reducing stress and deformation during on-site welding of thick-walled steel structures according to claim 1, characterized in that: Door frames (21) are fixed on both sides of the base plate (1), and an adjusting bolt (22) is rotatably connected to the door frame (21) through a threaded hole. One end of the adjusting bolt (22) passes through the threaded hole and contacts one side of the sliding seat (2). A scale mark is also provided on the adjusting bolt (22), and the scale mark is used to indicate the displacement of the sliding seat (2).

3. A welding method for reducing stress and deformation during on-site welding of thick-walled steel structures according to claim 1, characterized in that: A signal light (13) and a control unit (14) are also fixed on the base plate (1). The control unit (14) is a circuit board with a single-chip microcomputer as its core. The signal light (13), the control valve of the telescopic cylinder (15), and the electric heating module (36) are all electrically connected to the control unit (14) via wires.

4. A welding method for reducing stress and deformation during on-site welding of thick-walled steel structures according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inclined guide groove (341) has an inclination angle of forty-five degrees, and a wear-resistant ceramic lining is fixed to one side of the groove wall of the inclined guide groove (341) in contact with the push rod (151).

5. The welding method for reducing stress and deformation during on-site welding of thick-walled steel structures according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tensioning spring (371) has an elastic force that drives the conical block (35) away from the execution ring (33); the conical block (35) has a conical structure with an inner diameter that gradually decreases from top to bottom; the bottom inner wall of the locking rod (31) is provided with a limiting groove (314) that matches the bottom outer wall of the conical block (35).

6. The welding method for reducing stress and deformation during on-site welding of thick-walled steel structures according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thermal expansion gas filled in the airbag (351) is carbon dioxide gas.

7. The welding method for reducing stress and deformation during on-site welding of thick-walled steel structures according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom inner wall of the thick-walled ring member (4) is provided with an arc-shaped convex groove (41), the top outer wall of the locking rod (31) is provided with an arc-shaped pressure point (312) matching the arc-shaped convex groove (41), the inner wall of the execution ring (33) is a conical structure with an inner diameter gradually decreasing from top to bottom, and the bottom outer wall of the locking rod (31) is provided with an introduction groove (313) matching the inner wall of the execution ring (33).

8. The welding method for reducing stress and deformation during on-site welding of thick-walled steel structures according to claim 2, characterized in that: The welding method specifically comprises the following steps: S1. Pre-grinding the positions of the thick-walled ring member (4) and the thick-walled pipe member (5) to be welded, and then placing them in the clamping mechanism (3) and the pipe fixture (11), respectively, and locking the thick-walled pipe member (5) using the pipe fixture (12); S2. Adjust the adjusting bolt (22) according to the theoretical distance between the centers of the thick-walled ring parts (4) at both ends of the thick-walled pipe (5), and increase the adjustment distance by 0.1-0.2CM; S3, at this time, the sliding seat (2) is pushed in both directions by the telescopic cylinder (15), so that the distance between the two thick-walled ring members (4) reaches the designed value, and the lifting block (34) is continuously pushed to achieve the purpose of locking the thick-walled ring member (4); S4. At this time, the electric heating module (36) is started to preheat the thick-walled ring member (4) and perform welding to achieve the purpose of reducing welding stress.

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