A microbial agent for both preventing and controlling Fusarium diseases and increasing soil microcolloids, its preparation method and application

Abstract

The present invention provides a microbial agent that combines the prevention and control of Fusarium diseases and the increase of soil microcolloids, which comprises the following raw materials: a mixed bacterial liquid, biochar, earthworm manure, shrimp and crab shell powder, a binder, and a stabilizer; the mixed bacterial liquid comprises a marine Bacillus liquid, a Rhodopseudomonas palustris liquid, and a Bacillus megaterium liquid; this microbial agent is suitable for improving dredged silt and preventing and controlling wheat scab, increasing the wheat yield, and providing the possibility for planting crops in dredged silt.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of microbial preparations, and in particular to a microbial preparation capable of preventing and controlling fusarium diseases and increasing soil microcolloids, and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Dredging is an important method used to improve navigation, water conservancy and flood control, lake and reservoir storage capacity and improve the water environment. The treatment and disposal of dredged soil is mainly carried out by abandoning or dumping it in the waters near the project. In recent years, with the increasing requirements of human beings for environmental standards, preventing and reducing the pollution of water and land caused by dredging activities has become an important issue that must be considered in dredging projects. Due to the huge output of dredged silt, not only does it cause a significant increase in the cost of dredging projects, but also the lack of disposal sites makes the implementation of the project difficult. Silt itself is a resource and is continuously produced. How to turn waste into treasure and utilize it as a resource is a problem that needs to be solved urgently.

[0003] Planting wheat on site with dredged silt is one direction of research. However, dredged silt has the characteristics of high water content, difficulty in consolidation, and large volume. The soil is easy to compact after drying. When wheat is planted with silt, the wheat yield is low and the quality is poor. Due to the relatively high water content in the silt, the wheat head blight caused by Fusarium is particularly serious. Fusarium can cause rot in many parts of the plant, such as the roots, stems, stem bases, flowers and ears. Fusarium infects the host plant vascular system, destroys the plant's vascular tissue, and produces toxins during the growth and development metabolism process to harm crops, causing crops to wilt and die, thereby affecting the yield and quality of crops. It is one of the most difficult and important diseases to prevent and control in agricultural production. It not only leads to large-scale production reduction, affects seed quality, and reduces the emergence rate, but also makes people and animals prone to poisoning after eating diseased wheat, leaving a huge hidden danger to food safety. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above situation, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a microbial preparation and a preparation method thereof that can both prevent and control Fusarium diseases and increase soil microcolloids to solve the problem that the existing wheat planted in dredged sludge has low yield and is easily infected with Fusarium.

[0005] Solved by the following technical solutions:

[0006] A microbial preparation capable of preventing and controlling fusarium diseases and increasing soil microcolloids comprises the following raw materials: mixed bacterial liquid, biochar, earthworm castings, shrimp and crab shell powder, a binder, and a stabilizer; the mixed bacterial liquid comprises marine bacillus liquid, palustris rhodopseudomonas liquid, and bacillus megaterium liquid.

[0007] Preferably, the binder is soy flour.

[0008] Preferably, the stabilizer is carboxymethyl cellulose.

[0009] Preferably, the microbial agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 60 - 80 parts of a mixed bacterial solution, 3 - 5 parts of biochar, 3 - 5 parts of earthworm manure, 8 - 12 parts of shrimp and crab shell powder, 10 - 12 parts of a binder, and 2 - 3 parts of a stabilizer; the mixed bacterial solution comprises a marine bacillus solution, a rhodopseudomonas palustris solution, and a bacillus megaterium solution.

[0010] Preferably, the weight ratio of the marine bacillus solution, the rhodopseudomonas palustris solution, and the bacillus megaterium solution is 1:2:3.

[0011] Furthermore, for the microbial agent that can both prevent and control Fusarium diseases and increase soil microcolloids, the following steps are included: uniformly mixing the marine bacillus solution, the rhodopseudomonas palustris solution, the bacillus megaterium solution with biochar, earthworm manure, and shrimp and crab shell powder, and spray - drying to form a bacterial powder; adding a binder and a stabilizer to the bacterial powder to obtain the microbial agent.

[0012] Furthermore, the microbial agent is used for preventing and controlling Fusarium head blight in wheat caused by Fusarium.

[0013] Furthermore, the microbial agent is used for improving the living environment of wheat in silt.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this solution compared with the prior art are as follows:

[0015] (1) In the present invention, by combining biochar, earthworm manure, shrimp and crab shell powder with a composite solution of a marine bacillus solution, a rhodopseudomonas palustris solution, and a bacillus megaterium solution to prepare a microbial agent, on the one hand, the silt soil is solidified by biochar, earthworm manure, and shrimp and crab shell powder, and at the same time, a good living environment is provided for the microbial agent. The secretions produced by the microbial agent using biochar, earthworm manure, and shrimp and crab shell powder as nutrients can increase soil microcolloids, adjust the soil permeability coefficient, improve the dredged silt soil environment, and the improved dredged silt is suitable for the survival of wheat.

[0016] (2) In the present invention, by combining biochar, earthworm manure, shrimp and crab shell powder with a composite microbial agent of a marine bacillus solution, a rhodopseudomonas palustris solution, and a bacillus megaterium solution to prepare a microbial agent, the biological activities of marine bacillus, rhodopseudomonas palustris, and bacillus megaterium are improved by biochar, earthworm manure, and shrimp and crab shell powder, and it is found that using marine bacillus, rhodopseudomonas palustris, and bacillus megaterium together can effectively prevent and control Fusarium head blight in wheat caused by Fusarium.

[0017] (3) In the present invention, a microbial agent is prepared by combining biochar, earthworm manure, shrimp and crab shell powder with a composite microbial agent of Bacillus marinus liquid, Rhodopseudomonas palustris liquid, and Bacillus megaterium liquid. This enables the microorganisms in the microbial agent to utilize biochar, earthworm manure, and shrimp and crab shells to provide nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and calcium that can be effectively utilized by plants, thereby promoting plant growth. The microbial agent is also used to improve dredged silt and wheat head blight, effectively increasing the wheat yield and making it possible to grow crops in dredged silt. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0019] Figure 1 Inhibitory effect diagram of the microbial agent on Fusarium

[0020] Figure 2 Comparison diagram of the permeability coefficient of silt before and after adding the microbial agent

[0021] Figure 3 Comparison diagram of the survival rate of wheat before and after adding the microbial agent

[0022] Figure 4 Comparison diagram of the incidence rate of wheat before and after adding the microbial agent

[0023] Figure 5 Comparison diagram of the wheat yield before and after adding the microbial agent DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0024] The following will describe the technical solutions of the present invention in detail in combination with the specific embodiments, but it should be emphasized that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described below. The microbial strains used in the following examples can be isolated by oneself or obtained by purchase. The raw materials described in the following examples can be prepared or purchased by conventional methods without special instructions. Figures 1-5

[0025] Example 1

[0026] ​1) A preparation method of a marine Bacillus liquid: 2216E liquid medium, cultured at 28 °C for 16 h, then inoculated onto a fermentation medium at an inoculation amount of 3%, and cultured at 28 °C for 48 h to obtain a marine Bacillus liquid. The effective viable count in the marine Bacillus liquid is not less than 300 million / g; the fermentation medium consists of 22 g / L of sterilized peptone, 11 g / L of yeast powder, 7 g / L of glucose, and 1 L of seawater, and the pH of the fermentation medium is 7.5.

[0027] 2) A preparation method of a Rhodopseudomonas palustris liquid: Seed medium, cultured at 30 °C for 20 h, then inoculated onto a fermentation medium at an inoculation amount of 2%, and cultured at 33 °C for 56 h to obtain a Rhodopseudomonas palustris liquid. The effective viable count in the Rhodopseudomonas palustris liquid is not less than 300 million / g; the seed medium consists of 3 g of sterilized peptone, 3 g of yeast extract, 0.5 g of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 0.3 g of calcium chloride, 15 g of agar powder, and 1 L of distilled water, and the pH is adjusted to 7.0; the fermentation medium consists of 3.5 g of sterilized sodium acetate, 0.6 g of ammonium chloride, 1.0 g of KH2PO4, 0.5 g of magnesium sulfate, 1.5 g of yeast extract, and 1 L of distilled water, and the pH is adjusted to 7.8.

[0028] 3) A preparation method of a Bacillus megaterium liquid: Seed medium, cultured at 30 °C for 22 h, then inoculated onto a fermentation medium at an inoculation amount of 1%, and cultured at 30 °C for 72 h to obtain a Bacillus megaterium liquid. The effective viable count in the Bacillus megaterium liquid is not less than 300 million / g; the seed medium consists of 10 g of peptone, 5 g of yeast extract, 10 g of sodium chloride, and 1 L of distilled water, and the pH is adjusted to 7.0; the fermentation medium consists of 12 g / L of glucose, 6 g / L of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 3 g / L of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1.5 g / L of urea, 6 g / L of yeast powder, and 0.41 g / L of magnesium sulfate, and the pH is adjusted to 7.0.

[0029] Example 2

[0030] A microbial agent with both the functions of preventing and controlling Fusarium diseases and increasing soil microcolloids, which is composed of the following raw materials in parts by mass: 60 parts of mixed bacterial liquid, 3 parts of biochar, 3 parts of earthworm manure, 8 parts of shrimp and crab shell powder, 10 parts of soybean powder, and 2 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose; the mixed bacterial liquid is composed of marine Bacillus liquid, Rhodopseudomonas palustris liquid, and Bacillus megaterium liquid in a weight ratio of 1:2:3.

[0031] The microbial agent is prepared by the following steps: Mix the marine Bacillus liquid, Rhodopseudomonas palustris liquid, and Bacillus megaterium liquid with biochar, earthworm manure, and shrimp and crab shell powder evenly, and spray-dry to make bacterial powder; add a binder and a stabilizer to the bacterial powder to obtain the microbial agent.

[0032] Example 3

[0033] A microbial preparation that combines the prevention and control of Fusarium diseases and the increase of soil microcolloids is composed of the following raw materials in parts by mass: 70 parts of mixed bacterial liquid, 3.5 parts of biochar, 3.5 parts of earthworm manure, 9.3 parts of shrimp and crab shell powder, 11 parts of soybean powder, and 3 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose; the mixed bacterial liquid is composed of marine Bacillus liquid, Rhodopseudomonas palustris liquid, and Bacillus megaterium liquid in a weight ratio of 1:2:3.

[0034] The microbial preparation is prepared by the following steps: Mix the marine Bacillus liquid, Rhodopseudomonas palustris liquid, and Bacillus megaterium liquid with biochar, earthworm manure, and shrimp and crab shell powder evenly, and spray-dry to make bacterial powder; add a binder and a stabilizer to the bacterial powder to obtain the microbial preparation.

[0035] Example 4

[0036] A microbial preparation that combines the prevention and control of Fusarium diseases and the increase of soil microcolloids is composed of the following raw materials in parts by mass: 80 parts of mixed bacterial liquid, 4 parts of biochar, 4 parts of earthworm manure, 10.7 parts of shrimp and crab shell powder, 12 parts of soybean powder, and 3 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose; the mixed bacterial liquid is composed of marine Bacillus liquid, Rhodopseudomonas palustris liquid, and Bacillus megaterium liquid in a weight ratio of 1:2:3.

[0037] The microbial preparation is prepared by the following steps: Mix the marine Bacillus liquid, Rhodopseudomonas palustris liquid, and Bacillus megaterium liquid with biochar, earthworm manure, and shrimp and crab shell powder evenly, and spray-dry to make bacterial powder; add a binder and a stabilizer to the bacterial powder to obtain the microbial preparation.

[0038] Comparative Example 1

[0039] Same as Example 3, except that the mixed bacterial liquid is replaced with single-component marine Bacillus liquid, Rhodopseudomonas palustris liquid, and Bacillus megaterium liquid respectively, and then marine Bacillus preparation, Rhodopseudomonas palustris preparation, and Bacillus megaterium liquid preparation are prepared.

[0040] Comparative Example 2

[0041] Same as Example 3, except that the binder soybean powder is replaced with maltodextrin to obtain a maltodextrin microbial preparation.

[0042] Comparative Example 3

[0043] Same as Example 3, except that the three components of biochar, earthworm manure, and shrimp and crab shell powder are replaced with single-component biochar, earthworm manure, and shrimp and crab shell powder respectively to obtain biochar microbial preparation, earthworm manure microbial preparation, and shrimp and crab shell powder microbial preparation.

[0044] Test Example 1

[0045] The culture medium was heated and melted, cooled to 30 - 35 °C, the microbial preparation prepared in Examples 2 - 4 of the present invention was added, and then poured into a petri dish; Fusarium graminearum was picked with an inoculation needle into the petri dish, and then the petri dish was placed in an incubator for cultivation. When the microbial preparation prepared in the present invention was used to treat Fusarium graminearum for three days, the obtained Figure 1 petri dish was obtained. As can be seen from Figure 1 , there were no Fusarium graminearum colonies near the microbial preparation, indicating that the microbial preparations prepared in Examples 2 - 4 of the present invention had a strong inhibitory effect on Fusarium graminearum.

[0046] Test Example 2

[0047] The test sludge was from the river sludge in Shangqiu City, Henan Province, with an average siltation thickness of 35 cm. Therefore, the sampled sludge was the sludge at a depth of 0 - 40 cm about 3 - 5 m from the shore. There was a partial stratification in the sludge, which was black as a whole and had a strong odor. The collected sludge was placed in a test mold of 10 cm × 10 cm × 10 cm, and the microbial preparations prepared in Examples 2 - 4 and Comparative Examples 1 - 3 accounting for 8% of the sludge mass were added, and 2 parallel samples were set, with a total of 20 samples prepared. The permeability coefficient of the sludge was detected 45 days after the addition of the microbial preparation and compared with that before the addition of the microbial preparation.

[0048] The presence of a certain amount of air and connected water conveyance channels in the soil is a prerequisite for the growth and respiration of plant roots. There is a semi - logarithmic relationship between the soil permeability coefficient and the porosity ratio. The variable - head permeability test was carried out at a room temperature of 20 °C to measure the permeability coefficients of each sample sludge and the original sludge. The results are as Figure 2 shown.

[0049] As can be seen from Figure 2 , the microbial preparations prepared in Examples 2 - 4 of the present invention could increase the permeability coefficient of the sludge soil. Compared with the addition of single - strain Marinobacter sp., Rhodopseudomonas palustris, and Bacillus megaterium, the combined use of the three strains had a better improvement effect on the permeability coefficient of the sludge soil; compared with the combined use of biochar, earthworm manure, and shrimp and crab shells, the single - added microbial preparation had a poorer improvement effect on the permeability coefficient of the sludge soil; compared with maltodextrin as a binder, soybean powder also had a certain regulating effect on the permeability of the sludge soil. In addition, the odor of the sludge soil was reduced.

[0050] Test Example 3

[0051] After 45 days of treatment with the microbial agent in Test Example 2, a total of 20 pots of wheat were planted, with 10 wheat plants in each pot. To ensure sufficient sunlight and stable day and night temperatures, the experiment was carried out in a transparent greenhouse. A thermometer was set up in the greenhouse to observe the temperature inside the greenhouse at any time and ventilate appropriately. The planting experiment mainly studied the survival rate of wheat, the incidence of scab, and the wheat yield (total mass of wheat seeds harvested per pot), and compared with the wheat planted in the silt before the addition of the microbial agent. The results are as follows Figures 3-5 ( Figure 3 . Survival rate of wheat; Figure 4 . Incidence of scab, Figure 5 . Wheat yield).

[0052] From Figure 3 it can be seen that compared with before the addition of the microbial agent, all microbial agents can increase the survival rate of wheat; and the addition methods of biochar, earthworm manure, and shrimp and crab shells have the greatest impact on the survival rate of wheat. The combined addition has a higher survival rate of wheat than the single addition; the combined use of strains is also helpful for the survival rate of wheat.

[0053] From Figure 4 it can be seen that compared with before the addition of the microbial agent, all microbial agents can effectively control scab in wheat; and the addition methods of Bacillus marinus, Rhodopseudomonas palustris, and Bacillus megaterium have the greatest impact on the incidence of wheat. The combined addition significantly reduces the incidence of wheat compared with the single addition; the combined addition of biochar, earthworm manure, and shrimp and crab shells can also significantly reduce the incidence of scab in wheat.

[0054] From Figure 5 it can be seen that compared with before the addition of the microbial agent, all microbial agents can effectively increase the wheat yield; the combined addition of Bacillus marinus, Rhodopseudomonas palustris, Bacillus megaterium, biochar, earthworm manure, shrimp and crab shells, and soybean powder can increase the wheat yield.

[0055] The above is a further detailed description of the present invention in combination with specific embodiments. It cannot be determined that the specific implementation of the present invention is only limited to this; for those skilled in the art of the present invention and related technical fields, based on the technical solution idea of the present invention, the expansions, operation methods, and data replacements should all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A microbial agent that combines the prevention and control of Fusarium diseases and the increase of soil microcolloids, characterized in that, It includes the following raw materials: mixed bacterial solution, biochar, earthworm manure, shrimp and crab shell powder, binder, stabilizer; the mixed bacterial solution includes Bacillus marinus liquid, Rhodopseudomonas palustris liquid, and Bacillus megaterium liquid. The mass parts of each raw material are as follows: 60 - 80 parts of mixed bacterial solution, 3 - 5 parts of biochar, 3 - 5 parts of earthworm manure, 8 - 12 parts of shrimp and crab shell powder, 10 - 12 parts of binder, and 2 - 3 parts of stabilizer.

2. The microbial agent for preventing and treating Fusarium diseases and increasing soil microcolloids according to claim 1, characterized in that, The binder is soybean powder.

3. A microbial preparation for preventing and controlling Fusarium diseases and increasing soil micro-colloids according to claim 1, characterized in that, The stabilizer is carboxymethyl cellulose.

4. A microbial agent for preventing and treating Fusarium diseases and increasing soil microcolloids according to claim 3, characterized in that, The weight ratio of the Bacillus marinus liquid, Rhodopseudomonas palustris liquid, and Bacillus megaterium liquid is 1:2:

3.

5. A microbial agent that combines the prevention and control of Fusarium diseases and the increase of soil microcolloids, as described in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that It includes the following preparation steps: Mix the Bacillus marinus liquid, Rhodopseudomonas palustris liquid, and Bacillus megaterium liquid with biochar, earthworm manure, and shrimp and crab shell powder evenly, and spray-dry to make bacterial powder; add the binder and stabilizer to the bacterial powder to obtain the microbial preparation.

6. Application of a microbial preparation with both the functions of preventing and controlling Fusarium diseases and increasing soil microcolloids as described in any one of claims 1 - 5 in the biological control of wheat diseases caused by Fusarium.

7. Use of a microbial preparation with both the functions of preventing and controlling Fusarium diseases and increasing soil microcolloids as described in any one of claims 1 - 5 for improving the living environment of wheat in silt.

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