A method for constructing a bent cap

Abstract

The application provides a bent cap construction method, which comprises the following steps: erecting a bent cap temporary support system, erecting a bent cap bottom form, erecting a bent cap construction working platform, erecting a bent cap steel reinforcement framework, erecting a bent cap side form, pouring concrete, removing the form, and removing the bent cap temporary support system; the bent cap temporary support system is erected in low-altitude operation on the ground, the erected bent cap temporary support system is lifted as a whole to a predetermined position of a pier, and then is locked and fixed. The bent cap construction method can reduce the workload of high-altitude operation of workers, reduce the risk of high-altitude operation, and improve the construction efficiency.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of building bridge construction, in particular to a capping beam construction method of a cylindrical pier bridge. BACKGROUND

[0002] In bridge design, column pier is a commonly used structure type. For simply supported bridges, the capping beam is an important component that connects the upper structure and the lower structure and foundation. The capping beam is one of the main force structures. That is, the capping beam refers to a beam arranged on the top of the bent pile pier to support, distribute and transfer the load of the upper structure, also known as a cap beam.

[0003] The common capping beam construction methods in the prior art include the cross steel bar method, the corbel bracket method, the floor support method and the traditional hoop method.

[0004] The cross steel bar method is also known as the pin bar bracket method. A reserved hole is pre-buried in the pier column, a profile steel or high-strength steel bar is inserted into the hole and locked, and the weight of the support, formwork and entire capping beam is supported by the profile steel. Usually, a φ110mm through steel bar hole is reserved in the pier body, and a through PVC pipe is pre-buried when the pier body is poured. After the pier body is demoulded, the concrete reaches the strength, a φ110mm steel bar of 45B steel is inserted, a steel plate, a sand box, a Bailey truss (or double-spliced I-beam), a distribution beam and a bottom form are arranged on the steel bar to form the entire support system.

[0005] With this scheme, the weight of the support, formwork and entire capping beam is transmitted to the pier column through the profile steel, the pier column bears the load, the load transmission path is simple and clear, and there is no problem of support sinking. However, the reserved hole in the pier column (pier body) affects the appearance quality of the pier column, and the treatment not only takes a lot of time and effort, but also is difficult to handle to a satisfactory degree.

[0006] Moreover, the workers need to be transported to the cross steel bar position by erecting a scaffold or using an elevator to erect the profile steel support support (or the Bailey beam), the capping beam bottom form and the worker workbench, which involves a lot of dangerous high-altitude work. Moreover, at the beginning of the high-altitude work, there is no work platform, the protection measures of the workers are not good, and there is a high personal safety risk.

[0007] The corbel bracket method is to pre-bury a steel plate in the pier column, weld a steel support corbel on the pre-buried steel plate after demoulding, and erect a formwork support on the corbel to pour the capping beam. The weight of the support, formwork and entire capping beam is transmitted to the pier column through the corbel bracket.

[0008] The weight of the bracket, formwork and the whole bent cap of the bracket of the corbel bracket method is transmitted to the pier column through the steel support and the pre-buried steel plate, and is borne by the pier column. The transmission route is simple and clear, and there is no problem of bracket sinking, and the steel form does not need to be damaged. However, the pre-buried steel plate consumes a large amount of steel, which is not economical; and the welding work of the steel support is quite large, and the welding quality is required to be relatively high, and the appearance of the pier column needs to be treated after the bent cap construction is completed, which is time-consuming and labor-consuming and also difficult to guarantee the quality.

[0009] The ground support method generally uses universal bar or steel pipe support to erect the support. The weight of all temporary facilities and the bent cap during the construction of the bent cap is borne by the support and is directly transmitted to the ground.

[0010] The form and height of the support of the ground support method can be changed randomly according to the terrain around the pier and the height of the pier column, and the method is flexible; the ground support method does not need to set a pre-buried part on the pier column, and does not affect the appearance of the pier column. However, the construction of the support method requires a relatively high bearing capacity of the foundation, and generally requires the foundation to be compacted, and the soft foundation also needs to be poured with concrete floor. Therefore, the treatment of the foundation needs to consume more manpower and resources. If the treatment of the foundation is slightly careless, the whole support can sink, which seriously affects the construction quality of the bent cap. When the pier column is high, the support must be pre-pressed to eliminate the inelastic deformation, which needs to consume a large amount of manpower and resources. When the height of the bottom form needs to be adjusted due to the change of the height of the pier column, more resources, manpower and time cost are needed for the structure using the steel pipe support. The support of the ground support method is huge, needs huge investment, and is time-consuming and labor-consuming to install. In some difficult environmental conditions, the ground support method is also difficult to use due to the limited site construction conditions. Therefore, it can be seen that although the construction of the support method is convenient and flexible, the method has its own inherent shortcomings, that is, attention must be paid to the stability of the support, the inelastic deformation and the foundation settlement during the construction.

[0011] In recent years, the hoop method is adopted by more and more construction units, and the existing hoop method uses the maximum static friction force generated by the clamping of the hoop on the appropriate position of the pier column and the pier column to overcome the weight of the temporary facilities and the bent cap. The key of the hoop method is to ensure that there is enough friction force between the hoop and the pier column to safely transmit the load. The hoop is generally produced by a professional factory and is connected by high-strength bolts. A layer of 5mm thick rubber pad or geotextile is added between the hoop and the pier column, the bearing cross beam adopts double-row Bailey beam or large I-beam, and is installed on the sand cylinder of the bearing hoop. In order to prevent the double-row Bailey beam from overturning laterally, the Bailey beams are connected by tensioning screws. Then I16a I-beams are placed on the bearing cross beam as distribution beams at an interval of 40cm (there are also square wood distribution beams), the length of the distribution beam is 1.6m longer than the width of the bent cap (80cm at both ends), and is used as a construction operation platform.

[0012] The existing technology of the hoop method is that the temporary load and the weight of the bent cap are directly transmitted to the pier column, and no requirement is made on the foundation; the installation height of the hoop can be changed with the height of the pier column, and no additional cushion or distribution beam is needed to adjust the height of the bottom mold; the hoop method has strong adaptability, and can be used for circular pier columns regardless of water or land, with or without tie beams; the hoop method does not damage the appearance of the pier column, and the support does not have non-elastic deformation during the construction of the hoop method, and pre-pressing is not needed.

[0013] Although the existing technology of the hoop method has certain advantages relative to other bent cap construction methods, it still has the following obvious disadvantages as other bent cap construction methods in the prior art:

[0014] 1. The construction of the bottom mold of the bent cap needs professional personnel to work at high altitude on the top of the pier, and the top of the pier has no perfect support system, especially no working platform, at the beginning of the construction of the bent cap construction method in the prior art, and high-altitude operation under such conditions has great safety risks.

[0015] 2. The construction of the bottom mold of the bent cap at high altitude needs to be constructed at high altitude on the top of the pier, and the materials need to be hoisted one by one, which is complicated and slow in construction progress.

[0016] 3. When the bottom mold is disassembled, the operator needs to disassemble part of the support and fixing system on the top of the pier, and then use the inverted chain hoist to hang and remove the whole frame method to disassemble the bottom mold, which not only has great safety risks for high-altitude operation, but also causes extremely low work efficiency. SUMMARY

[0017] To solve the problems in the prior art, the present application provides a bent cap construction method which can reduce the workload of workers at high altitude, reduce the risk of high-altitude operation, and improve the construction efficiency.

[0018] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides the following technical solution: a bent cap construction method, comprising the steps of: constructing a bent cap temporary support system, constructing a bent cap bottom mold, constructing a bent cap construction working platform, constructing a bent cap steel reinforcement framework, constructing a bent cap side mold, pouring concrete, removing the mold, and removing the bent cap temporary support system; constructing the bent cap temporary support system at low altitude on the ground, lifting the constructed bent cap temporary support system to the predetermined position of the pier, and locking and fixing.

[0019] In the preferred technical solution, the bent cap bottom mold is constructed at low altitude on the ground, and a bent cap construction working platform is constructed around the bent cap bottom mold; the constructed bent cap bottom mold and the bent cap construction working platform are lifted to the predetermined position of the pier.

[0020] In the preferred technical solution, the bent cap temporary support system comprises a main beam and a distribution beam installed on the main beam.

[0021] Preferably, the main beam is a Bailey beam or an I-beam; and the distribution beam is a square timber, an I-beam or a channel steel.

[0022] Preferably, the cap beam bottom die is installed on the cap beam temporary support system in low-altitude operation on the ground, and the installed cap beam bottom die and cap beam construction working platform are lifted together with the cap beam temporary support system to the predetermined working position of the bridge pier.

[0023] Preferably, the cap beam temporary support system further comprises an upper hoop, a jacking oil cylinder and a lower hoop; one end of the jacking oil cylinder is connected with the upper hoop, and the other end of the jacking oil cylinder is connected with the lower hoop.

[0024] Preferably, the upper hoop and the lower hoop are both provided with locking devices; when the locking device of the upper hoop is locked, the upper hoop tightly embraces the bridge pier; when the locking device of the upper hoop is unlocked, the upper hoop is separated from the bridge pier; when the locking device of the lower hoop is locked, the lower hoop tightly embraces the bridge pier; and when the locking device of the lower hoop is unlocked, the lower hoop is separated from the bridge pier.

[0025] Preferably, the specific process of lifting the cap beam temporary support system to the predetermined position of the bridge pier is as follows:

[0026] Step a: in low-altitude operation on the ground, the upper hoop and the lower hoop are connected through the jacking oil cylinder, and the upper hoop and the lower hoop are both sleeved on the bridge pier; the main beam is installed on the upper hoop, and the distribution beam is installed on the main beam;

[0027] Step b: the locking device of the lower hoop is locked to tightly embrace the bridge pier; the jacking oil cylinder integrally lifts the upper hoop, the main beam and the distribution beam upward to the preset position; the locking device of the upper hoop is locked to tightly embrace the bridge pier; the locking device of the lower hoop is unlocked to separate the lower hoop from the bridge pier; the jacking oil cylinder is retracted to drive the lower hoop to move upward to the preset position; the locking device of the lower hoop is locked again to tightly embrace the bridge pier; the locking device of the upper hoop is unlocked to separate the upper hoop from the bridge pier; and the jacking oil cylinder integrally lifts the upper hoop, the main beam and the distribution beam upward again.

[0028] Step c: step b is repeated until the cap beam temporary support system is lifted to the predetermined position of the bridge pier, the upper hoop is locked to tightly embrace the bridge pier, the lower hoop is locked to tightly embrace the bridge pier, and the jacking oil cylinder is locked.

[0029] Preferably, the cap beam temporary support system comprises an upper hoop, a jacking oil cylinder, a lower hoop, a main beam and a distribution beam; the piston end of the jacking oil cylinder is connected with the upper hoop, and the cylinder end of the jacking oil cylinder is connected with the lower hoop; the upper hoop is provided with a locking device for locking or unlocking the upper hoop; and the lower hoop is also provided with a locking device for locking or unlocking the lower hoop.

[0030] The specific process of lifting the temporary support system of the bent cap, the bent cap bottom die, the bent cap construction foreman platform to the predetermined position of the bridge pier is as follows:

[0031] Step A, in low-altitude operation on the ground, connect the upper and lower hoops through the jacking oil cylinder, and set the upper and lower hoops on the bridge pier; install the main beam on the upper hoop, and install the distribution beam on the main beam; build the bent cap bottom die on the distribution beam, and build the bent cap construction working platform around the bent cap bottom die;

[0032] Step B, the locking device of the lower hoop locks the lower hoop to tightly embrace the bridge pier; the jacking oil cylinder lifts the upper hoop, the main beam, the distribution beam, the bent cap bottom die and the bent cap construction working platform together to the preset position, the locking device of the upper hoop locks the upper hoop to tightly embrace the bridge pier; the locking device of the lower hoop releases the lower hoop to separate from the bridge pier, the jacking oil cylinder retracts to drive the lower hoop to move upward to the preset position, and the locking device of the lower hoop locks the lower hoop to tightly embrace the bridge pier again; the locking device of the upper hoop releases the upper hoop to separate from the bridge pier, and the jacking oil cylinder lifts the upper hoop, the main beam, the distribution beam, the bent cap bottom die and the bent cap construction working platform together again.

[0033] Step C, repeat step B until the temporary support system of the bent cap is lifted to the predetermined position of the bridge pier, the upper hoop is locked to tightly embrace the bridge pier, the lower hoop is locked to tightly embrace the bridge pier, and the jacking oil cylinder is locked.

[0034] Preferably, the temporary support system of the bent cap comprises an upper hoop, a hundred-ton jack, a lower hoop, a main beam and a distribution beam, the upper and lower hoops are sleeved on the bridge pier, the hundred-ton jack is located between the upper and lower hoops, and the two ends of the hundred-ton jack are respectively abutted with the upper and lower hoops, the main beam is placed on the upper end of the upper hoop, and the distribution beam is installed on the main beam; the bent cap bottom die is built on the distribution beam; the bent cap construction working platform is in the same horizontal plane with the bent cap bottom die and is located around the bent cap bottom die; the temporary support system of the bent cap, the bent cap bottom die and the bent cap construction working platform are all built in low-altitude operation on the ground, and are lifted to the predetermined position of the bridge pier by the lifting equipment, and then are locked and fixed.

[0035] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present application are:

[0036] 1. The bent cap construction method of the present application assembles the bent cap temporary support system of the upper hoop, the lower hoop, the 100t jack, the main beam, the distribution beam and the like at the low position of the bridge pier, and the bent cap bottom die and the bent cap construction working platform; the related support system and the working platform are built in advance in low-altitude operation, and then the lifting device such as the jacking mechanism is used to lift the support system or the working platform to the predetermined working plane of the bridge pier, which not only reduces the workload of high-altitude operation, but also provides a perfect high-altitude operation platform and a good protection support system for later high-altitude operation, thereby greatly reducing the safety risks of personal property and the like during high-altitude operation.

[0037] 2. Many steps in existing technologies that require hoisting the equipment to a high altitude in stages before carrying out the work can be completely transferred to the ground level for operation. Then, a lifting device is used to lift the entire equipment step by step to the working plane. This not only reduces the risks of working at heights, but also greatly improves the efficiency of construction.

[0038] 3. After the cap beam is poured and its strength reaches the national standard, the cap beam construction work platform, cap beam bottom formwork, distribution beam and main beam and other temporary support systems of the cap beam can be moved as a whole to the ground below the pier for centralized dismantling using lifting devices. This reduces the high-altitude operation risks of high-altitude dismantling in the existing technology. At the same time, the centralized low-altitude dismantling by lowering the whole structure to the ground also reduces the trouble of many step-by-step hoisting and dismantling required by the existing technology, and greatly improves the work efficiency during dismantling. Attached Figure Description

[0039] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the construction process of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the installation principle of Embodiment 1 of the present invention at a low ground position.

[0041] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A side view diagram.

[0042] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the installation principle of Embodiment 1 of the present invention when it is in a high working position.

[0043] Figure 5 for Figure 4 A side view diagram.

[0044] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the stepping climbing machine used in this invention.

[0045] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the clamp structure of the stepping climbing machine used in this invention.

[0046] Figure 8 for Figure 7 An explosion diagram.

[0047] Figure 9 This is a partial installation diagram of the locking device of the clamp and the tensioning inner sleeve of the clamp used in the stepping climbing machine of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 10 for Figure 9 Cross-sectional view of the locking device.

[0049] The diagram is marked as follows:

[0050] 03-Lower support clamp; 04-100t jack; 05-Upper support clamp; 06-Main beam; 07-Distribution beam; 08-Bottom formwork of cap beam; 09-Cap beam construction work platform; 1-Stepping climbing machine; 11-Lifting cylinder; 2-Pier; 3-Clamp; 31-Upper clamp; 32-Lower clamp; 33-Guide pin; 4-Locking device; 41-Upper clamp locking device; 42-Lower clamp lock 43-Tightening device; 44-Box body; 45-Cam; 46-Locking cylinder; 47-First top plate; 48-Second top plate; 49-Pull rod; 50-Stop part; 51-Tensioning inner sleeve; 52-Elastic plate; 53-Ear plate; 6-Rubber pad; 61-Box outer sleeve; 62-Rib; 63-Through groove; 7-Spring assembly; 71-Spring cylinder; 72-Spring; 73-Spring shaft; 8-Ear plate. Detailed Implementation

[0051] An embodiment of a cap beam construction method of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0052] Example 1

[0053] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the preparatory work before construction is carried out first. Then, the stepping climbing machine 1 is installed at a low position on pier 2 (not for high-altitude work). At this low position, the lower support clamp 03, the 100t jack 04 (hundred-ton jack), and the upper support clamp 05 are installed onto the stepping climbing machine 1. At the low position on the ground, the main beam 06 of the temporary support system for the cap beam is erected and installed onto the upper support clamp 05. The main beam 06 can be constructed using Bailey bridges or I-beams. At the low position, the distribution beam 07 is installed onto the main beam 06. The distribution beam 07 can be made of steel structure or square timber. At the low position on the ground, the bottom formwork 08 of the cap beam is erected on the distribution beam 07, and a cap beam construction working platform 09 is erected around the bottom formwork 08. Generally, the cap beam construction working platform 09 and the bottom formwork 08 are built on the same horizontal plane. Using hydraulic control, the stepping-climbing machine 1 lifts the temporary support system for the cap beam (lower support clamp 03, 100t jack 04, upper support clamp 05, main beam 06, distribution beam 07), the cap beam bottom formwork 08, and the cap beam construction platform 09 together along the bridge pier 2 to the cap beam pouring position. An elevation check is performed; if it is satisfactory, the stepping-climbing machine 1 is locked, along with the lower support clamp 03, 100t jack 04, and upper support clamp 05. After locking the relevant upper support clamp 05, lower support clamp 03, and other temporary support systems for the cap beam, a bolt torque check and a load test are conducted. If no problems are found, the next step is performed. Figure 4As shown, initially, the bent cap steel reinforcement framework is built on the bent cap bottom form 08, the bent cap side form is built, and then the bent cap concrete is poured, after pouring, the bent cap is cured, and after the bent cap concrete reaches the detection requirements and the construction requirements, the bent cap side form is removed at high position, and the bent cap side form is fixed on the bent cap bottom form 08 or the bent cap construction working platform 09, the upper support hoop 05 and the lower support hoop 03 are loosened, the hydraulic control mode is adopted, the step-by-step climbing machine 1 is lowered, and the upper support hoop 05, the 100t jack 04, the lower support hoop 03, the main beam 06, the distribution beam 07, the bent cap bottom form 08, the bent cap construction working platform 09, and the bent cap side form are automatically lowered to the low-altitude non-high-altitude work area of the pier. In the low-altitude non-high-altitude work area on the ground, the bent cap side form, the bent cap bottom form 08, the bent cap construction working platform 09, and the bent cap temporary support system such as the distribution beam 07 and the main beam 06 are removed, and the construction is completed. Other construction processes or details not disclosed in the embodiment are executed by adopting the relevant standards or industry regulations or common bridge construction methods or standards formulated by the existing technology in China.

[0054] The construction of the bent cap temporary support system, the bent cap bottom form 08, and the bent cap construction working platform 09 of the application and the removal are all completed in the low-altitude non-high-altitude work area on the ground, which reduces the construction difficulty, greatly guarantees the life and property safety of the construction personnel, has high construction efficiency in low-altitude operation, greatly saves the construction cost, and improves the construction efficiency.

[0055] As shown in the figure, Figures 6 to 10 As shown in the figure, the step-by-step climbing machine 1 adopted in the bent cap construction method of the application comprises an upper hoop 31, a lower hoop 32, an upper hoop locking device 41, and a lower hoop locking device 42. The upper hoop 31 and the lower hoop 32 are connected with a driving device for driving the upper hoop 31 and the lower hoop 32 to move up and down, which can be a conventional power driving device in the existing technology. In the embodiment, a jacking oil cylinder 11 connected between the upper hoop 31 and the lower hoop 32 is adopted. The jacking oil cylinder is used as the driving device, so that the whole movement process is stable and reliable. The jacking oil cylinder 11 can be multiple, which are generally distributed on the upper hoop 31 and the lower hoop 32. The multiple jacking oil cylinders 11 distributed on the upper hoop 31 and the lower hoop 32 are used as the hydraulic power driving device, so that the upper hoop 31 and the lower hoop 32 move more stably and reliably in the process of rising or falling, and the phenomenon of being stuck does not occur. The upper hoop 31 has a platform for bearing load. The upper hoop locking device 41 can lock or loosen the upper hoop 31, and the lower hoop locking device 42 can lock or loosen the lower hoop 32.

[0056] The guiding device is connected between the upper and lower hoops 31 and 32. The guiding device is connected between the upper and lower hoops 31 and 32, so that the upper and lower hoops 31 and 32 can always move in a straight line during the process of rising or falling, and the whole movement process is smooth and stable. The guiding device in this embodiment adopts a guiding pin shaft 33, and the upper and lower hoops 31 and 32 are both provided with guiding holes, and the guiding pin shaft 33 is arranged in the guiding holes of the upper and lower hoops 31 and 32. The structure of the guiding pin shaft 33 and the guiding hole is used as the guiding device, which has the advantages of simple structure and good guiding effect.

[0057] The structures of the upper and lower hoops 31 and 32 can adopt the same hoop structure or different hoop structures. In this embodiment, the structures of the upper and lower hoops 31 and 32 adopt the same hoop structure, and the upper and lower hoops 31 and 32 are vertically assembled in a straight line (therefore, the upper and lower hoops 31 and 32 in this embodiment are also collectively referred to as the hoop 3). The upper hoop 31 includes a ring-shaped tension inner sleeve 5 and a ring-shaped box outer sleeve 6. In this embodiment, the upper hoop 31 has a load-bearing platform, which is an outwardly turned platform 61 arranged at the upper end of the ring-shaped box outer sleeve 6 (when the step-by-step climbing machine 1 of the present application is used for girder construction, the outwardly turned platform 61 can be used to bear the temporary support system of the girder, such as the supporting lower hoop 03, the 100t jack 04, the supporting upper hoop 05, the main beam 06, the distribution beam 07, the girder bottom mold 08, and the girder construction working platform 09, in the prior art). The outer surface of the ring-shaped box outer sleeve 6 is axially provided with outwardly protruding ribs 62, and through grooves 63 are formed in the two sides of the ribs 62 and penetrate the box outer sleeve 61. The ring-shaped tension inner sleeve 5 is surrounded by one or more elastic sheets 51, and the elastic sheets 51 that abut each other are both provided with outwardly turned ear sheets 52 at the abutting positions. The ear sheets 52 of the elastic sheets 51 penetrate the through grooves 62 on the two sides of the ribs 62 of the box outer sleeve 6. The ear sheets 52 of the elastic sheets 51 of the tension inner sleeve 5 and the ribs 62 of the box outer sleeve 6 are both provided with corresponding connecting holes, and the upper hoop locking device 41 penetrates the connecting holes of the ear sheets 52 of the elastic sheets 51 of the tension inner sleeve 5 and the ribs 62 of the box outer sleeve 6 to connect the tension inner sleeve 5 and the box outer sleeve 6 of the upper hoop 31 together. There are gaps between the abutting positions of the elastic sheets 51 of the tension inner sleeve 5 of the upper hoop 31. In order to enhance the friction between the upper hoop 31 and the object to be gripped, the inner wall of the tension inner sleeve 5 of the upper hoop 31 can be embedded with a rubber pad 53.

[0058] The lower hoop 32 also comprises a ring-shaped tensioning inner sleeve 5 and a ring-shaped box outer sleeve 6. The outer surface of the ring-shaped box outer sleeve 6 is provided with outwardly protruding ribs 62 in the axial direction, and through grooves 62 are formed on both sides of the ribs 62 penetrating through the box outer sleeve 6. The ring-shaped tensioning inner sleeve 5 is formed by one or more elastic sheets 51, and the elastic sheets 51 that are connected to each other are each provided with an outwardly turned ear 52 at the connection position. The outwardly turned ears 52 of the elastic sheets 51 are respectively inserted through the through grooves 62 on both sides of the ribs 62 of the box outer sleeve 6. The ears 52 of the elastic sheets 51 of the tensioning inner sleeve 5 and the ribs 62 of the box outer sleeve 6 are each provided with corresponding connecting holes, and the lower hoop locking device 42 is inserted through the connecting holes of the ears 52 of the elastic sheets 51 of the tensioning inner sleeve 5 and the ribs 62 of the box outer sleeve 6 to connect the tensioning inner sleeve 5 and the box outer sleeve 6 of the lower hoop 32 together. There is also a gap between the elastic sheets 51 of the tensioning inner sleeve 5 of the lower hoop 32.

[0059] Similarly, in order to enhance the friction between the lower hoop 32 and the object to be gripped, the inner wall of the tensioning inner sleeve 5 of the lower hoop 32 can also be embedded with rubber pads 53.

[0060] The locking device 4 (the upper hoop locking device 41 or the lower hoop locking device 42; the upper hoop locking device 41 and the lower hoop locking device 42 adopt the same structure of the locking device; therefore, the following is collectively referred to as the locking device 4) comprises a box 43, a cam 44, a locking oil cylinder 45 for driving the rotation of the cam, a first top plate 46, a second top plate 47, a pull rod 48, and a spring assembly 7. The box 43 is fixed on the box outer sleeve 6 of the hoop 3 (the upper hoop 31 or the lower hoop 32; in this embodiment, the upper hoop 31 and the lower hoop 31 adopt the same structure, and therefore are collectively referred to as the hoop 3). The cylinder end of the locking oil cylinder 45 is connected to the box 43 through an ear plate 8, and the piston end of the locking oil cylinder 45 is connected to the cam 44. The spring assembly 7 and the pull rod 48 are respectively inserted through the connecting holes of the ears 52 of the elastic sheets 51 at the connection position of the tensioning inner sleeve 5 and the ribs 62 of the box outer sleeve 6 to connect the tensioning inner sleeve 5 and the box outer sleeve 6 of the hoop 3 together. The first top plate 46 and the second top plate 47 are both sleeved on the pull rod 48, one side of the first top plate 46 is abutted against a stop portion 49 provided on the pull rod 48, and the other side of the first top plate 46 is abutted against the cam 44. One side of the second top plate 47 is abutted against the cam 44, and the other side of the second top plate 47 is abutted against one of the elastic sheets 51 at the connection position of the tensioning inner sleeve 5, and the elastic sheet 51 is movably sleeved on the pull rod 48. The spring assembly 7 comprises a spring barrel 71, a spring 72, and a spring shaft 73. The spring 72 is sleeved on the spring shaft 73 and located in the spring barrel 71. The spring 72 is a compression spring, and of course can also be other conventional elastic elements similar to the compression spring.

[0061] The working principle of the locking device locking or releasing the hoop is as follows: when the locking oil cylinder 45 drives the cam 44 to rotate, the distance between the first top plate 46 and the second top plate 47 is increased, and because the first top plate 46 on one side is abutted against the stop portion 49 arranged on the pull rod 48, the first top plate 46 cannot move to the stop portion 49, and under the action of force, the second top plate 47 is pushed to drive the elastic piece 51 of the tensioning inner sleeve 5 abutting against the second top plate 47 to move close to the other elastic piece 51, so that the gap between the elastic piece 51 and the elastic piece 51 connected to the elastic piece 51 of the tensioning inner sleeve 5 of the hoop 3 is reduced, and then the tensioning inner sleeve 5 of the hoop 3 is tightly gripped. At the same time, the gripping force of the tensioning inner sleeve 5 is transmitted to the box outer sleeve 6 through the spring assembly 7, the pull rod 48 and the rib 62 of the box outer sleeve 6, so that the hoop composed of the tensioning inner sleeve 5 and the box outer sleeve 6 forms a whole.

[0062] When the locking oil cylinder 45 drives the cam to rotate, the distance between the first top plate 46 and the second top plate 47 is reduced, and the second top plate 47 no longer applies a pushing force to the elastic piece 51 of the tensioning inner sleeve 5 abutting against the second top plate 47, and under the action of the spring assembly 7 and the restoring elastic deformation restoring force of the elastic piece 51 itself, the gap between the elastic piece 51 and the elastic piece 51 connected to the elastic piece 51 of the tensioning inner sleeve 5 of the hoop 3 is increased, and then the tensioning inner sleeve 5 of the hoop 3 is released, and then the hoop composed of the tensioning inner sleeve 5 and the box outer sleeve 6 is released.

[0063] The process of driving the cover beam temporary support system, the cover beam bottom die 08 and the cover beam construction working platform 09 of the step-by-step climbing machine 1 is as follows:

[0064] In the low-altitude operation on the ground, the upper hoop 31 and the lower hoop 32 of the step-by-step climbing machine are connected by the jacking oil cylinder 11, and the upper hoop 31 and the lower hoop 32 are both sleeved and installed on the pier 2. The lower hoop locking device 42 locks the lower hoop 32 to tightly grip the pier 2; the jacking oil cylinder 11 is elongated to integrally lift the upper hoop 31 of the application and the load on the upper hoop 31 to a predetermined position of the pier (the upper hoop 31 is in a released state during the lifting process). The upper hoop locking device 41 locks the upper hoop 31 to tightly grip the pier 2; the lower hoop locking device 42 releases the lower hoop 32 to separate from the pier 2, the jacking oil cylinder 11 is contracted to drive the lower hoop 32 to move upward to a predetermined position, and the lower hoop locking device 42 locks the lower hoop 32 again to tightly grip the pier; the upper hoop locking device 41 releases the upper hoop 31 to separate from the pier 2, and the jacking oil cylinder 11 again integrally lifts the upper hoop 31 and its load upward. Repeat the cycle until the lifting to a predetermined cover beam construction position of the pier, lock the upper hoop 31 to tightly grip the pier 2, lock the lower hoop 32 to tightly grip the pier 2, lock the jacking oil cylinder 11, lock the support lower hoop 03 and lock the support upper hoop 05.

[0065] The above is the ascending working process, and the descending working process can be obtained by analogy, and will not be described here.

[0066] Embodiment 2

[0067] The construction process of Embodiment 2 of the bent cap construction method of the present application is basically the same as that of Embodiment 1, only the step-by-step climbing machine 1 in Embodiment 1 is integrated with the (lower support hoop 03, 100t jack 04, upper support hoop 05) in Embodiment 1, that is, Embodiment 2 removes the (lower support hoop 03, 100t jack 04, upper support hoop 05) in Embodiment 1, and the main beam 06 is directly loaded on the step-by-step climbing machine 1. The structure of the step-by-step climbing machine 1 of this embodiment 2 is the same as that of Embodiment 1, and the other construction steps are also the same, only the mechanical condition of the hoop 3 of the step-by-step climbing machine 1 of Embodiment 2 is also satisfied by mechanical calculation to meet the strength requirement of supporting the entire bent cap construction process. The step-by-step climbing machine 1 in Embodiment 1 does not require too much mechanical requirement because when it climbs to the bent cap construction height of the pier, it is supported by the (lower support hoop 03, 100t jack 04, upper support hoop 05) in the prior art which has been mechanically calculated, and the mechanical requirement of the step-by-step climbing machine 1 in Embodiment 1 only needs to meet the strength requirement of driving the corresponding components to the bent cap construction position. Since the step-by-step climbing machine 1 in Embodiment 2 removes the lower support hoop 03, 100t jack 04, and upper support hoop 05 in the prior art bent cap construction, it needs to be mechanically calculated with higher strength to meet the strength requirement of the entire bent cap construction. But the other structures and construction processes of Embodiment 2 and Embodiment 1 are completely the same, and will not be described here.

[0068] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and is not intended to limit the present application. It should be noted that any modification, equivalent replacement and improvement within the spirit and principles of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a bent cap, comprising erecting a bent cap temporary support system, erecting a bent cap bottom form, erecting a bent cap construction working platform, erecting a bent cap steel reinforcement cage, erecting a bent cap side form, pouring concrete, removing the form, and removing the bent cap temporary support system; characterized in that: The cover beam temporary support system is built in low altitude operation on the ground, the built cover beam temporary support system is lifted as a whole to the predetermined position of the bridge pier, and then is locked and fixed; The cover beam temporary support system comprises a main beam, a distribution beam installed on the main beam, an upper hoop, a jacking oil cylinder and a lower hoop; one end of the jacking oil cylinder is connected with the upper hoop, and the other end of the jacking oil cylinder is connected with the lower hoop; The upper hoop has a platform for bearing load; the upper hoop and the lower hoop are both provided with locking devices; when the locking device of the upper hoop is locked, the upper hoop tightly embraces the bridge pier; when the locking device of the upper hoop is unlocked, the upper hoop is separated from the bridge pier; when the locking device of the lower hoop is locked, the lower hoop tightly embraces the bridge pier; when the locking device of the lower hoop is unlocked, the lower hoop is separated from the bridge pier; The upper hoop and the lower hoop both comprise a ring-shaped tensioning inner sleeve, a ring-shaped box outer sleeve and a locking device; the outer surface of the ring-shaped box outer sleeve is axially provided with outwardly protruding ribs, and through grooves penetrating through the box outer sleeve are formed on both sides of the ribs; the ring-shaped tensioning inner sleeve is formed by more than one elastic sheet, and the elastic sheets in contact with each other are both provided with outwardly turned ear sheets at the contact positions; the ear sheets of the elastic sheets in contact with each other are respectively penetrated through the through grooves on both sides of the ribs of the box outer sleeve; the ear sheets of the elastic sheets of the tensioning inner sleeve and the ribs of the box outer sleeve are both provided with corresponding connecting holes, and the locking device is penetrated through the connecting holes of the ear sheets of the elastic sheets of the tensioning inner sleeve and the ribs of the box outer sleeve to connect the tensioning inner sleeve and the box outer sleeve together; The locking device comprises a box, a cam, a locking oil cylinder for driving the cam to rotate, a first top plate, a second top plate, a pull rod and a spring assembly; the box is fixed on the box outer sleeve; the cylinder end of the locking oil cylinder is connected with the box through an ear plate, and the piston end of the locking oil cylinder is connected with the cam; the spring assembly and the pull rod are respectively penetrated through the connecting holes of the ear sheets of the elastic sheets in contact with each other of the tensioning inner sleeve and the ribs of the box outer sleeve to connect the tensioning inner sleeve and the box outer sleeve together; the first top plate and the second top plate are both sleeved on the pull rod, one side of the first top plate is abutted against a stop portion arranged on the pull rod, the other side of the first top plate is abutted against the cam; one side of the second top plate is abutted against the cam, the other side of the second top plate is abutted against one of the elastic sheets in contact with each other of the tensioning inner sleeve, and the elastic sheet is movably sleeved on the pull rod; The specific process of lifting the cover beam temporary support system to the predetermined position of the bridge pier is as follows: Step a: in low altitude operation on the ground, the upper hoop and the lower hoop are connected through the jacking oil cylinder, and the upper hoop and the lower hoop are both sleeved on the bridge pier; the main beam is installed on the upper hoop, and the distribution beam is installed on the main beam; Step b: the locking device of the lower hoop is locked to tightly embrace the bridge pier with the lower hoop; the jacking oil cylinder lifts the upper hoop, the main beam and the distribution beam as a whole to the preset position, the locking device of the upper hoop is locked to tightly embrace the bridge pier with the upper hoop; the locking device of the lower hoop is unlocked to separate the lower hoop from the bridge pier, the jacking oil cylinder is contracted to drive the lower hoop to move upward to the preset position, the locking device of the lower hoop is locked again to tightly embrace the bridge pier with the lower hoop; the locking device of the upper hoop is unlocked to separate the upper hoop from the bridge pier, and the jacking oil cylinder lifts the upper hoop, the main beam and the distribution beam as a whole upward again. Step C, repeat step B until the temporary support system of the bent cap is lifted to the predetermined position of the pier, the upper clamp is locked to tightly clamp the pier, the lower clamp is locked to tightly clamp the pier, and the jacking cylinder is locked.

2. The bent cap construction method of claim 1, wherein: The bottom form of the bent cap is installed on the temporary support system of the bent cap in low-altitude operation on the ground, and the installed bottom form of the bent cap and the construction working platform of the bent cap are lifted together with the temporary support system of the bent cap to the predetermined working position of the pier.

3. The bent cap construction method according to claim 2, wherein: The main beam is a Bailey beam or an I-beam, and the distribution beam is a square timber, an I-beam or a channel steel.

4. The bent cap construction method according to claim 2, wherein: The bottom form of the bent cap is installed on the temporary support system of the bent cap in low-altitude operation on the ground, and the installed bottom form of the bent cap and the construction working platform of the bent cap are lifted together with the temporary support system of the bent cap to the predetermined working position of the pier.

5. The bent cap construction method according to claim 2, wherein: The specific process of lifting the temporary support system of the bent cap, the bottom form of the bent cap and the construction working platform of the bent cap to the predetermined position of the pier is as follows: Step A, in low-altitude operation on the ground, the upper clamp and the lower clamp are connected by the jacking cylinder, and the upper clamp and the lower clamp are sleeved on the pier; the main beam is installed on the upper clamp, and the distribution beam is installed on the main beam; the bottom form of the bent cap is built on the distribution beam, and the construction working platform of the bent cap is built around the bottom form of the bent cap; Step B, the locking device of the lower clamp locks the lower clamp to tightly clamp the pier; the jacking cylinder lifts the upper clamp, the main beam, the distribution beam, the bottom form of the bent cap and the construction working platform of the bent cap together to the preset position, the locking device of the upper clamp locks the upper clamp to tightly clamp the pier; the locking device of the lower clamp releases the lower clamp to separate from the pier, the jacking cylinder retracts to drive the lower clamp to move upward to the preset position, and the locking device of the lower clamp locks the lower clamp again to tightly clamp the pier; the locking device of the upper clamp releases the upper clamp to separate from the pier, and the jacking cylinder lifts the upper clamp, the main beam, the distribution beam, the bottom form of the bent cap and the construction working platform of the bent cap again; Step C, repeat step B until the temporary support system of the bent cap is lifted to the predetermined position of the pier, the upper clamp is locked to tightly clamp the pier, the lower clamp is locked to tightly clamp the pier, and the jacking cylinder is locked.

6. The bent cap construction method according to claim 1, wherein: The temporary support system of the bent cap further comprises a hundred-ton jack, the upper clamp and the lower clamp are sleeved on the pier, the hundred-ton jack is located between the upper clamp and the lower clamp, and the two ends of the hundred-ton jack abut against the upper clamp and the lower clamp respectively, the main beam is placed on the upper end of the upper clamp, and the distribution beam is installed on the main beam; the bottom form of the bent cap is built on the distribution beam; the construction working platform of the bent cap is on the same horizontal plane as the bottom form of the bent cap and is located around the bottom form of the bent cap; the temporary support system of the bent cap, the bottom form of the bent cap and the construction working platform of the bent cap are all built in low-altitude operation on the ground, and the temporary support system of the bent cap, the bottom form of the bent cap and the construction working platform of the bent cap are lifted together by the lifting equipment to the predetermined position of the pier, and then are locked and fixed.

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