A system and method for transmitting downhole big data

Abstract

The application discloses a system and method for transmitting downhole big data, comprising: a drill pipe hoisting sub provided between a drill pipe and a measurement-while-drilling (MWD) sub, which is used for limiting the upper end of a data transfer bin when the data transfer bin moves along the water eye of the drill pipe and passes through the water eye area inside the drill pipe, so that the lower end of the data transfer bin enters the internal water eye area of the MWD sub; the MWD sub is used for collecting MWD data at the real-time arrival position of a drill bit during the MWD process; the data transfer bin communicates with the MWD sub in the limited state, is used for reading and storing the MWD data first, and then returns to the ground under the action of self buoyancy and thrust energy after obtaining the thrust energy. The application solves the problems of low downhole data transmission rate and imaging data transmission failure, and realizes stable and reliable data transmission.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of downhole data transmission, and in particular to a system and method for transmitting downhole big data. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the continuous development of directional wells, cluster wells and horizontal wells, the application of logging while drilling / measurement while drilling technology is also more and more widely used. The main difference between logging while drilling and conventional cable logging and storage logging is the real-time data transmission. The logging curve is obtained under the condition of slight or even no invasion of formation liquid, thus being closer to the real situation of the formation. Through on-site analysis, processing and interpretation of downhole measurement data, it is helpful to timely and effectively conduct comprehensive formation evaluation and finely adjust the drilling trajectory during the drilling process, thus improving the drilling process. Therefore, signal transmission is a key link of logging while drilling technology, and is also a bottleneck restricting the development of logging while drilling technology.

[0003] The existing downhole data transmission technology mainly includes wired transmission and wireless transmission. The wired transmission mode includes cable transmission mode, special drill pipe transmission mode and optical fiber transmission mode. Although the transmission rate of the wired transmission mode can reach 1Mbit / s, the cost of manufacturing materials and implementation process is very high, and the wired transmission mode is not widely used in the transmission of logging while drilling data. The wireless transmission mode includes mud pulse, electromagnetic wave and acoustic wave transmission modes. At present, the mud pulse transmission using drilling fluid as medium is widely used, but the transmission rate is only 0.5-5bit / s. The electromagnetic wave transmission uses the formation as the transmission medium and does not need mud circulation, and the transmission rate is 1-12bit / s. The acoustic wave transmission uses acoustic waves to transmit signals through the drill pipe, which can significantly improve the data transmission rate and increase the wireless drilling data transmission rate to 100bit / s. However, the acoustic wave transmission is greatly disturbed by drilling noise, and this transmission mode has not been applied to production practice.

[0004] In addition, with the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, domestic and foreign scholars try to encapsulate microchips into small balls, and use downhole ball throwing and downhole data storage to realize the transmission of drilling data. This transmission mode uses annular mud to recover the small balls, and the implementation process cost is low. The theoretical data transmission rate can reach 1Mbit / s. However, the probability of recovering the small balls by annular mud is very low, so this technology cannot be industrialized.

[0005] Therefore, the existing technology needs to provide a downhole data transmission scheme which can be realized by using downhole ball throwing technology to solve one or more technical problems. SUMMARY

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the embodiment of the present application provides a system for transmitting downhole big data, comprising: a drill pipe hoisting sub provided between a drill pipe and a measurement-while-drilling (MWD) sub, which is configured to limit an upper end of a data transfer bin when the data transfer bin moves along a water hole of the drill pipe with mud to the inside of the water hole area, so that the lower end of the data transfer bin enters the inside water hole area of the MWD sub, and the antenna in the data transfer bin is aligned with the antenna in the MWD sub; the MWD sub is configured to collect MWD data at a real-time position reached by a drill bit during a measurement-while-drilling process; the data transfer bin is in communication with the MWD sub in the limited state, and is configured to first read and store the MWD data, and then return to the ground under the action of the buoyancy and the thrust energy after obtaining the thrust energy, so that the data stored in the data transfer bin is obtained by a ground drilling platform after being fished up.

[0007] Preferably, the drill pipe hoisting sub comprises a plurality of limiting members arranged on the inner wall of the hoisting sub, the plurality of limiting members are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the current inner wall, and the plurality of limiting members are configured to limit the data transfer bin.

[0008] Preferably, the radius of the inscribed circle formed by each limiting member is smaller than the outer diameter of the upper end of the data transfer bin and larger than the outer diameter of the lower end of the data transfer bin, wherein the outer diameter of the upper end is larger than the outer diameter of the lower end.

[0009] Preferably, the data transfer bin comprises: a main control device sub located below the upper end, the main control device sub is provided with a first communication circuit and is in wireless communication with a MWD circuit in the MWD sub, and is configured to obtain the MWD data transmitted from the MWD circuit; a thrust source located at the upper end, which is configured to be started under the control of a thrust generation instruction, thereby generating the thrust energy; a first buoyancy tank and a second buoyancy tank located at both ends of the main control device sub, the first buoyancy tank and the second buoyancy tank respectively provide the data transfer bin with buoyancy that can make the data transfer bin float in the mud, wherein the upper end of the data transfer bin returns to the ground after being separated from the limiting member of the drill pipe hoisting sub under the joint action of each buoyancy bin and the thrust energy.

[0010] Preferably, the thrust source comprises: a turbine connected with the first communication circuit, which is configured to be started under the action of the thrust generation instruction to generate thrust in the mud; a protective cover arranged outside the turbine, the outer diameter of the protective cover is larger than the outer diameter of each buoyancy tank.

[0011] Preferably, the protective cover is configured as a hollow cylinder, wherein the gap between the protective cover and the turbine has mud flowing through, and the edge of the cylinder of the protective cover is configured as a tapered surface with gradually changing diameter, which matches the tapered surface of the shoulder of the limiting member, so that the protective cover and the limiting member closely fit during contact.

[0012] Preferably, the master short section comprises: a communication circuit short section arranged near the thrust source, and internally provided with the first communication circuit; and an antenna short section connected with the communication circuit short section, and externally provided with a first antenna wound on the outer wall of the antenna short section, and connected with the first communication circuit.

[0013] Preferably, the MWD short section comprises: a short section body formed with an internal water eye area; a second antenna wound on the outer wall of the short section body; an MWD circuit configured to collect the MWD data in real time; and a second communication circuit arranged on the side wall of the short section body and connected with the second antenna, wherein the second communication circuit communicates with the first communication circuit, and is configured to transmit the stored MWD data to the data transfer bin through the second antenna when the wireless transmission channel between the first communication circuit and the second communication circuit is established.

[0014] Preferably, the first communication circuit further comprises: a pressure sensor arranged on the outer wall of the master short section, and configured to monitor the mud pressure at the current position, wherein the first communication circuit is further configured to generate the thrust generation instruction when detecting that the current mud pressure is lower than a preset pressure threshold.

[0015] In another aspect, a method for transmitting downhole big data is provided, which is implemented by the system as described above, and the method comprises: collecting, by the MWD short section, the MWD data at the real-time arrival position of the drill bit during the MWD process; moving the data transfer bin along the drill pipe water eye with the mud to the downhole; limiting, by the drill pipe hoisting short section, the upper end of the data transfer bin when the data transfer bin passes through the internal water eye area of the drill pipe hoisting short section between the drill pipe and the MWD short section, so that the lower end of the data transfer bin enters the internal water eye area of the MWD short section, and the antenna in the data transfer bin is aligned with the antenna in the MWD short section; in the limited state, the data transfer bin communicates with the MWD short section, reads and stores the MWD data first, and then returns to the ground under the action of the buoyancy and the thrust energy after obtaining the thrust energy, so that the data stored in the data transfer bin can be obtained by the surface drilling platform after being fished up.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, one or more embodiments in the above scheme can have the following advantages or beneficial effects:

[0017] The application provides a system and method for transmitting large downhole data. The system and method are characterized in that when the data transfer bin is put into the water hole of the drill pipe, the mud pump pumps the data transfer bin to the downhole by using pump pressure; the data transfer bin is clamped on the shoulder and does not move, so as to ensure that the data transfer bin and the measurement while drilling short section perform wireless communication; the data transfer bin reads out the data in the measurement while drilling short section and stores the data by using the wireless communication mode when the data transfer bin is close to the inner wall of the measurement while drilling short section; and when the data transfer bin reads the data of the measurement while drilling short section, the mud pump is closed, and the data transfer bin returns to the ground by relying on the buoyancy and the thrust of the turbine.

[0018] Other features and advantages of the present application will be set forth in the following description, and in part will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the description, or can be learned by practice of the application. The objects and other advantages of the application will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims thereof as well as the appended drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0019] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application. In the drawings:

[0020] Figure 1 It is a whole structure schematic view of the system for transmitting large downhole data of the embodiment of the application.

[0021] Figure 2 It is an application environment schematic view of the system for transmitting large downhole data of the embodiment of the application.

[0022] Figure 3 It is an internal structure schematic view of the data transfer bin in the system for transmitting large downhole data of the embodiment of the application.

[0023] Figure 4 It is an axial section schematic view of the measurement while drilling short section in the system for transmitting large downhole data of the embodiment of the application.

[0024] Figure 5 It is a structure schematic view of the drill pipe hoisting short section in the system for transmitting large downhole data of the embodiment of the application.

[0025] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first communication circuit in a system for transmitting big data downhole according to an embodiment of this application.

[0026] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second communication circuit in a system for transmitting big data downhole according to an embodiment of this application.

[0027] Figure 8 This is a step diagram of a method for transmitting big data downhole according to an embodiment of this application.

[0028] Figure 9 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for transmitting big data from downhole, according to an embodiment of this application.

[0029] In this application, all drawings are schematic and are used only to illustrate the principles of the invention, and are not drawn to scale.

[0030] The list of reference numerals in the attached figures is as follows:

[0031] 101: Surface drilling platform

[0032] 102: Stratigraphy

[0033] 103: Wellbore

[0034] 104: Drill bit

[0035] 105: Drill pipe

[0036] 106: Drill pipe hoisting short section

[0037] 107: Measurement While Drilling Subsection

[0038] 108: Data Transfer Warehouse

[0039] 109: Drill pipe water inlet; 110: Internal water inlet area of ​​the measurement-while-drilling sub; 201: Turbine.

[0040] 202: Protective Shield

[0041] 203A: First Buoyancy Chamber

[0042] 203B: Second Buoyancy Chamber

[0043] 204A: Communication Circuit Subsection

[0044] 204B: First Communication Circuit

[0045] 205A: Antenna Short Section

[0046] 205B: First Antenna

[0047] 207: Thrust Source

[0048] 208: master short section

[0049] 300: MWD short section body 301: second antenna

[0050] 302: second communication circuit

[0051] 303: MWD circuit

[0052] 401: limiting piece 501: first MCU

[0053] 502: first wireless transceiver circuit

[0054] 503: first memory

[0055] 504: pressure sensor

[0056] 505: motor control circuit

[0057] 506: first battery

[0058] 601: second MCU

[0059] 602: second wireless transceiver circuit

[0060] 603: second memory

[0061] 604: RS485 communication circuit

[0062] 605: measurement circuit in MWD short section

[0063] 606: second battery DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0064] The embodiments of the present application will be described in detail hereinafter with reference to the drawings and examples, by which the technical means applied in the present application to solve the technical problems and achieve the technical effects can be fully understood and implemented. It should be noted that, as long as there is no conflict, each embodiment in the present application and each feature in each embodiment can be combined with each other, and the technical solutions formed thereby are all within the protection scope of the present application.

[0065] In addition, the steps shown in the flowchart of the drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a group of computer-executable instructions. Moreover, although the logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described herein can be executed in an order different from that shown.

[0066] With the continuous development of directional wells, cluster wells and horizontal well technology, the application of logging while drilling / measurement while drilling technology is also more and more widely used. The main difference between logging while drilling and conventional cable logging and stored logging is the real-time data transmission. The logging curve is obtained in the case of slight invasion or even no invasion of the formation liquid, so it is closer to the real situation of the formation. Through the on-site analysis, processing and interpretation of downhole measurement data, it is helpful to timely and effectively carry out comprehensive formation evaluation and fine adjustment of the drilling trajectory during the drilling process. Therefore, signal transmission is a key link of logging while drilling technology, and is also a bottleneck restricting the development of logging while drilling technology.

[0067] The existing downhole data transmission technology mainly includes wired transmission and wireless transmission. The wired transmission mode includes cable transmission mode, special drill pipe transmission mode and optical fiber transmission mode. Although the transmission rate of the wired transmission mode can reach 1Mbit / s, the cost of the manufacturing material and the implementation process is high, and the wired transmission mode is not widely used in the transmission of logging while drilling data. The wireless transmission mode includes mud pulse, electromagnetic wave and acoustic wave transmission modes. At present, the mud pulse transmission using drilling fluid as the medium is widely used, but the transmission rate is only 0.5-5bit / s. The electromagnetic wave transmission uses the formation as the transmission medium and does not need mud circulation, and the transmission rate is 1-12bit / s. The acoustic wave transmission uses acoustic waves to transmit signals through the drill pipe, which can significantly improve the data transmission rate, and the wireless drilling data transmission rate is increased to 100bit / s. However, the acoustic wave transmission is greatly disturbed by drilling noise, and the transmission mode has not been applied to production practice.

[0068] In addition, with the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, domestic and foreign scholars try to encapsulate microchips into small balls, and realize the transmission of drilling data by the method of downhole ball throwing and downhole data storage. This transmission mode uses the annular mud to recover the small ball, and the implementation process cost is low. The theoretical data transmission rate can reach 1Mbit / s, but the probability of recovering the small ball by the annular mud is very low, so this technology cannot be industrialized.

[0069] Therefore, in order to solve one or more of the above technical problems, the embodiments of the present application propose a system and method for transmitting downhole big data. The system and method take out the data of the downhole instrument by throwing and recovering the data transfer bin in the drill pipe water eye, so as to realize the high-speed transmission of downhole data. In this way, the present application can not only ensure that the recovery rate of the data transfer bin reaches 100%, but also the data transmission rate is not less than the downhole ball throwing mode.

[0070] Figure 1 The whole structure diagram of the system for transmitting downhole big data of the embodiments of the present application. Figure 2 The application environment diagram of the system for transmitting downhole big data of the embodiments of the present application. The following will be combined withFigure 1 and Figure 2 The structure and function of the system for transmitting downhole big data (hereinafter referred to as "data transmission system") described in the embodiments of the present application are described.

[0071] First, refer to Figure 2 The application environment of the data transmission system described in the present application is described.

[0072] In the drilling process, the drill bit 104 drills through the formation 102 to form a borehole 103, above the drill bit 104 is a drilling measurement short section 107, above the drilling measurement short section 107 is a drill pipe hoisting short section 106, above the drill pipe hoisting short section 106 is a drill pipe 105, above the drill pipe 105 is a ground drilling platform 101. The drill pipe water eye 109 and the internal water eye area 110 of the drilling measurement short section are connected, the mud passes through the drill pipe water eye 109 and the internal water eye area 110 of the drilling measurement short section to reach the drill bit 104, and then returns to the ground through the annulus of the borehole 103. Among them, when the mud slightly invades the formation 102 or the mud has not invaded the formation 102, the drilling measurement circuit 303 in the drilling measurement short section 107 measures the engineering geological parameter data of the lithology, porosity, saturation, permeability and formation pressure of the formation 102 in real time, forms dynamic drilling measurement data and saves these dynamic drilling measurement data.

[0073] As Figure 1 shown, the data transmission system described in the present application at least includes: drill pipe hoisting short section 106, drilling measurement short section 107 and data transfer warehouse 108. Among them, the drill pipe hoisting short section 106 is arranged between the drill pipe 105 and the drilling measurement short section 107. The drill pipe hoisting short section 106 is configured to move along the drill pipe water eye 109 with the mud downward when the data transfer warehouse 105 moves, and when passing through the water eye area inside the drill pipe hoisting short section 106, the upper end of the data transfer warehouse 108 is limited, so that the lower end of the data transfer warehouse 108 enters the internal water eye area of the drilling measurement short section 107, and the antenna in the data transfer warehouse 108 is aligned with the antenna in the drilling measurement short section 107. The drilling measurement short section 107 is made of non-magnetic material. The drilling measurement short section 107 is configured to collect (dynamic) drilling measurement data at the real-time arrival position of the drill bit in real time during the drilling measurement process, and store the real-time collected dynamic drilling measurement data. The data transfer warehouse 108 is made of non-magnetic material. The data transfer warehouse 108 communicates with the drilling measurement short section 107 in the limited state. The data transfer warehouse 108 is configured to first read and store the (dynamic) drilling measurement data stored in the drilling measurement short section 107, and then obtain the thrust energy, return to the ground along the drill pipe water eye 109 under the action of its buoyancy and the thrust energy, so that the drilling measurement data stored in the data transfer warehouse 108 is obtained by the ground drilling platform 101 after being fished.

[0074] In the actual application process, in order to transmit the dynamic measurement while drilling data measured by the measurement while drilling sub 107 to the ground, the data transfer warehouse 108 is moved downhole along with the circulating mud when the drilling platform 101 on the ground injects the data transfer warehouse 108 into the drill pipe water hole 109, and the mud pump is opened and the mud is pumped into the drill pipe water hole 109, the data transfer warehouse 108 reaches the drill pipe lifting sub 106 quickly, and the upper end of the data transfer warehouse 108 is clamped in the interior of the drill pipe lifting sub 106 when the upper end of the data transfer warehouse passes through the drill pipe lifting sub 106, so that the lower end of the data transfer warehouse 108 is just in the water hole area 110 inside the measurement while drilling sub 107. At this time, the data transfer warehouse 108 reads the measurement while drilling data required to be transmitted by the measurement while drilling sub 107 by wireless communication and saves the data, and after the mud pump of the drilling platform 101 on the ground is closed, the mud is in a static state in the drill pipe water hole 109 and the water hole area 110 inside the measurement while drilling sub, at this time, the upward thrust is generated by starting the thrust source generating device, and the current thrust and the buoyancy of the transfer warehouse 108 itself are relied on to separate from the drill pipe lifting sub 106, the data transfer warehouse 108 returns to the ground through the drill pipe water hole 109 and is recycled, and finally the measurement while drilling data stored in the data transfer warehouse 108 is downloaded by the drilling platform 101 on the ground, so that the measurement while drilling data transmission task in the measurement while drilling sub 107 is completed.

[0075] Figure 4 The axial sectional view of the measurement while drilling sub for transmitting downhole big data in the system of the embodiment of the present application is shown. As shown in the figure, the measurement while drilling sub 107 of the present application at least comprises: a measurement while drilling sub body 300 with a water hole area formed inside, a second antenna 301, a second communication circuit 302 and a measurement while drilling circuit 303. Figure 4

[0076] Reference is made to Figure 4 ​The second antenna 301 is wound on the outer wall of the MWD short section body 300, and the second antenna 301 is connected with the second communication circuit 302. The second antenna 301 can emit electromagnetic wave signals to the outer wall direction of the MWD short section 107 and can emit electromagnetic wave signals to the inner wall direction of the MWD short section 107. The second communication circuit 302 is arranged inside the side wall of the MWD short section body 300, the MWD circuit 303 is arranged inside the side wall of the MWD short section body 300, and the second communication circuit 302 is connected with the MWD circuit 303. The MWD circuit 303 is used for collecting dynamic MWD data in real time during the MWD process, and sending the collected dynamic MWD data to the second communication circuit 302, so that the second communication circuit 302 stores the received dynamic MWD data. The second communication circuit 302 communicates with the first communication circuit 204B in the data transfer warehouse 108 under the joint action of the second antenna 301 and the first antenna 205B in the data transfer warehouse 108. When the first communication circuit 204B and the second communication circuit 302 establish a wireless transmission channel (i.e., the data transfer warehouse 108 and the MWD short section 108 establish a wireless communication channel), the second communication circuit 302 is used to transmit the stored MWD data collected by the MWD circuit 303 to the data transfer warehouse 108 through the second antenna 301 (all) after obtaining the data reading instruction.

[0077] Figure 3 It is an internal structure diagram of the data transfer warehouse in the system for transmitting downhole big data of the embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 3 The data transfer warehouse 108 of the present application at least includes a thrust source 207, a master control device short section 208, a first buoyancy cabin 203A and a second buoyancy cabin 203B.

[0078] Referring to Figure 3 The thrust source 207 is located at the upper end of the data transfer warehouse 108, and the master control device short section 208 is located below the thrust source 207. The two ends of the master control device short section 208 are respectively provided with the first buoyancy cabin 203A and the second buoyancy cabin 203B. That is, taking the ground as the reference, the data transfer warehouse 108 is sequentially provided with the thrust source 207, the first buoyancy cabin 203A, the master control device short section 208 and the second buoyancy cabin 203B from top to bottom.

[0079] Specifically, the inner part of the master device short section 208 is provided with a first communication circuit 204B. The first communication circuit 204B communicates with a second communication circuit 302 in the MWD short section 107 wirelessly. The first communication circuit 204B is used to generate a thrust generation instruction after reading all the MWD data transmitted from the second communication circuit 302. The thrust source 207 is connected with the first communication circuit 204B, and is used to start under the control of the thrust generation instruction after receiving the thrust generation instruction, so as to generate corresponding thrust energy according to the rotating speed and other information indicated in the thrust generation instruction. In addition, the outer diameter of the thrust source 207 is greater than the outer diameter of each buoyancy cabin.

[0080] The first buoyancy cabin 203A and the second buoyancy cabin 203B respectively provide the data transfer bin 108 with buoyancy that enables the data transfer bin 108 to float in the mud. Under the joint action of the buoyancy provided by all the buoyancy bins 203 and the thrust energy generated by the thrust source 207, the upper end of the data transfer bin 108 is separated from the limiting part of the drill pipe hoisting short section 106 and returns to the ground along the drill pipe water hole. In the embodiment of the present application, the first buoyancy bin 203A and the second buoyancy bin 203B are similar in structure, both of which are hollow and sealed, and enough buoyancy can be provided to the data transfer bin 108 by adjusting the structure or length of the buoyancy cabin.

[0081] Further, as shown in Figure 3 The thrust source 207 at least includes a turbine 201 and a protective cover 202. The turbine 201 is electrically connected with the first communication circuit 204B. The turbine 201 is used to receive the thrust generation instruction generated by the first communication circuit 204B, and starts under the action of the thrust generation instruction, so as to rotate according to the rotating speed and other information indicated in the current thrust generation instruction, and then generate a certain thrust in the mud. The protective cover 202 is arranged outside the turbine 201. The outer diameter of the protective cover 202 is greater than the outer diameter of each buoyancy bin.

[0082] In the embodiment of the present application, the buoyancy of each buoyancy bin can ensure that the data transfer bin can float in the mud, so that the data transfer bin can return to the ground by its own buoyancy in the vertical section of the wellbore, and the turbine provides thrust to the data transfer bin, so that the data transfer bin can move towards the ground under the thrust of the turbine in the horizontal section of the wellbore.

[0083] Further, with reference to Figure 3The master device segment 208 comprises at least a communication circuit segment 204A and an antenna segment 205A. The communication circuit segment 204A is arranged close to the thrust source 207. The communication circuit segment 204A is internally provided with a first communication circuit 204B. The first communication circuit 204B is configured to send data reading instructions to the second communication circuit 302 in the MWD segment 107, read all the MWD data collected by the MWD circuit 303 and stored by the second communication circuit 302, and generate a thrust generation instruction to control the generation of thrust energy after the reading is completed. The antenna segment 205A is connected to the communication circuit segment 204A. The antenna segment 205A is externally provided with a first antenna 205B. The first antenna 205B is electrically connected to the first communication circuit 204B.

[0084] Specifically, the data transfer bin 108 is composed of a turbine 201, a buoyancy bin 203A, a buoyancy bin 203B, a communication circuit segment 204A and an antenna segment 205A. The turbine 201 is externally provided with a protective cover 202, and the outer diameter of the protective cover 202 is greater than the outer diameter of the buoyancy bin 203A and the buoyancy bin 203B. The turbine 201 can rotate to generate thrust in the mud, thereby driving the data transfer bin 108 to move, so that the data transfer bin 108 can move towards the ground. The buoyancy bin 203A and the buoyancy bin 203B are similar in structure, hollow and sealed inside, and can ensure sufficient buoyancy by adjusting the structure or length of the buoyancy bin. The communication circuit segment 204A is internally sealed and internally provided with a communication circuit 204B. The antenna segment 205A is internally sealed and externally provided with an antenna 205B. The antenna segment 205A is a non-magnetic material, and the antenna 205B can emit electromagnetic wave signals to the outer wall of the antenna segment 205A to establish a wireless communication channel between the first communication circuit in the data transfer bin 108 and the second communication circuit in the MWD segment 107.

[0085] In addition, when the data transfer bin 108 is in the limited state, the first antenna 205B inside the data transfer bin 108 is aligned with the second antenna 301 of the MWD short section 108. In this way, the first antenna 205B transmits electromagnetic wave signals to the lateral direction of the outer wall under the control of the first communication circuit 204B, or receives lateral electromagnetic wave signals transmitted from the MWD short section 107, and the second antenna 301 transmits electromagnetic wave signals to the lateral direction of the outer wall under the control of the second communication circuit 302, or receives lateral electromagnetic wave signals transmitted from the data transfer bin 108, thereby establishing a bidirectional wireless communication channel between the data transfer bin 108 (the first communication circuit inside) and the MWD short section 107 (the second communication circuit inside), to achieve the transmission task of the MWD data collected and stored in the second communication circuit 302 by the MWD short section 107 when the data transfer bin 108 is in the limited state.

[0086] As shown in FIG. 6, the outer wall of the MWD short section 107 is provided with an antenna 301, a communication circuit 302, and an MWD circuit 303. When the lower part of the data transfer bin 108 is in the internal eye area 110 of the MWD short section, and the antenna 205B and the antenna 301 are aligned, a wireless communication channel is established between the data transfer bin 108 and the MWD short section 107, and the data transfer bin 108 reads the MWD data stored in the MWD short section 107. Figure 4

[0087] FIG. 7 is a structural schematic diagram of the first communication circuit in the system for transmitting large downhole data according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 7, the first communication circuit 204B includes but is not limited to a first MCU (microprocessor) 501, a first wireless transceiver circuit 502, a first memory 503, a pressure sensor 504, a motor control circuit 505, and a first battery 506. The first wireless transceiver circuit 502 is connected with the first antenna 205B, and is used to drive the first antenna 205B to work to transmit or receive electromagnetic wave signals. The first memory 503 stores all the MWD data read by the data transfer bin 108. The motor control circuit 505 is connected with the turbine 201, and is used to drive the turbine 201 to rotate. The first battery 506 is used to provide working voltage for the entire first communication circuit 204B. Figure 6 Figure 6 FIG. 8 is a structural schematic diagram of the second communication circuit in the system for transmitting large downhole data according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 8, the second communication circuit 302 includes but is not limited to a second MCU (microprocessor) 601, a second wireless transceiver circuit 602, a second memory 603, a pressure sensor 604, a motor control circuit 605, and a second battery 606. The second wireless transceiver circuit 602 is connected with the second antenna 301, and is used to drive the second antenna 301 to work to transmit or receive electromagnetic wave signals. The second memory 603 stores all the MWD data read by the data transfer bin 108. The motor control circuit 605 is connected with the turbine 201, and is used to drive the turbine 201 to rotate. The second battery 606 is used to provide working voltage for the entire second communication circuit 302.

[0088] Figure 7 Figure 7 ​​As shown, the second communication circuit 302 includes but is not limited to a second MCU (microprocessor) 601, a second wireless transceiver circuit 602, a second memory 603, a RS485 communication circuit 604 and a second battery 606. The second wireless transceiver circuit 602 is connected with the second antenna 301 for driving the antenna 301 to work to transmit or receive electromagnetic wave signals. The second memory 603 is used to save the measurement-while-drilling data received by the RS485 communication circuit 604. The RS485 communication circuit 604 is connected with the measurement circuit 605 inside the measurement-while-drilling circuit 303 as a communication interface of the second MCU (microprocessor) 601. The measurement circuit 605 inside the measurement-while-drilling circuit 303 is used to collect the measurement-while-drilling data of the downhole engineering geological parameters in real time. The second battery 606 is used to provide working voltage for the entire second communication circuit 302.

[0089] Further, the first communication circuit 204B further includes a pressure sensor 504. The pressure sensor 504 is arranged on the outer wall of the main control device short section 208 (communication circuit short section 204A). The pressure sensor 504 is used to monitor the mud pressure data at the current position. The pressure sensor 504 is electrically connected with the first communication circuit 204B, and the first communication circuit 204B is further used to receive the mud pressure data transmitted from the pressure sensor 504 in real time, and immediately generate the thrust generation instruction when it is detected that the current mud pressure is lower than the preset pressure threshold or when it is detected that the current mud pressure change amount is greater than the preset pressure change threshold. In actual application process, after the mud pump of the surface drilling platform 101 is closed, the mud in the drill pipe water hole 109 and the water hole area 110 inside the measurement-while-drilling short section 107 is in a static state, the pressure sensor 504 inside the data transfer bin 108 detects that the mud pressure is reduced, at this time, the thrust source 207 is started to generate upward thrust, so that the data transfer bin 108 relies on the current thrust and the buoyancy of the transfer bin 108 itself to separate from the drill pipe hoisting short section 106 to return to the surface along the drill pipe water hole 109.

[0090] Figure 5 The structure diagram of the drill pipe hoisting short section in the system for transmitting downhole big data of the embodiment of the present application. Figure 5 The lower half of the figure shows the axial cross-sectional view of the drill pipe hoisting short section 106, 401 is a limiting part arranged on the inner wall of the drill collar water hole, F-F is a transverse cross-sectional view of the short section 106 at a position where the limiting part 401 is not arranged, and G-G is a transverse cross-sectional view of the drill pipe hoisting short section 106 at a position where the limiting part 401 is arranged. In the cross section F-F, the outer circle is the outer wall contour of the drill pipe hoisting short section 106, and the inner circle is the outer contour of the drill pipe water hole area. Referring to the cross section G-G, the outer circle is the outer wall contour of the drill pipe hoisting short section 106, and the inner circle is the outer contour of the drill pipe water hole area. The limiting part 401 is arranged on the inner wall of the drill collar water hole, and the limiting part 401 is arranged at the position where the drill pipe hoisting short section 106 is arranged. Figure 5As shown in the lower half of the figure and the cross section G-G, a plurality of limiters 401 are arranged on the inner wall of the water hole of the drill pipe lifting sub 106. The plurality of limiters 401 are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the current inner wall. Further, the plurality of limiters 401 are used to limit the upper end of the data transfer warehouse 108 (thrust source 207).

[0091] Further, the radius of the inscribed circle formed by each limiter 401 is smaller than the outer diameter of the upper end of the data transfer warehouse 108 (thrust source 207 or protective cover 202), and the radius of the inscribed circle formed by each limiter 401 is greater than the outer diameter of the lower end of the data transfer warehouse 108 (each buoyancy warehouse 203 or communication circuit sub 204A or antenna sub 205A). Among them, the outer diameter of the upper end of the data transfer warehouse 108 is greater than the outer diameter of the lower end of the data transfer warehouse 108.

[0092] Further, in the embodiment of the present application, the limiter 401 is configured as a shoulder structure. The outer contour of the protective cover 202 is configured as a hollow cylinder. The gap between the protective cover 202 and the turbine 201 has mud flowing through, thereby preventing the protective cover from being blocked. Among them, the edge of the cylindrical protective cover 202 is configured as a diameter-gradually-changing inclined surface, and the diameter of the edge part gradually changes to form a diameter-gradually-changing structure. And the inclined surface matches the shoulder inclined surface of the limiter 401, so that the protective cover 202 and the limiter 401 are closely fitted during contact. In this way, not only can the contact impact force between the protective cover 202 and the limiter be reduced during contact, but also the protective cover 202 and the limiter 401 can be closely fitted and contacted under the impact of mud flow, which is more conducive to achieving better stable limiting effect.

[0093] As shown in the lower half of the figure and the cross section G-G, a plurality of limiters 401 are arranged on the inner wall of the water hole of the drill pipe lifting sub 106. The plurality of limiters 401 are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the current inner wall. Further, the plurality of limiters 401 are used to limit the upper end of the data transfer warehouse 108 (thrust source 207). Figure 5 As shown in the lower half of the figure and the cross section G-G, a plurality of limiters 401 are arranged on the inner wall of the water hole of the drill pipe lifting sub 106. The plurality of limiters 401 are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the current inner wall. Further, the plurality of limiters 401 are used to limit the upper end of the data transfer warehouse 108 (thrust source 207).

[0094] The present application arranges a shoulder on the inner wall of the drill pipe lifting sub, so that the data transfer warehouse is stuck on the shoulder and cannot move, thereby ensuring that the lower end of the data transfer warehouse is beside the inner wall of the measurement while drilling sub, and further ensuring that the antenna part of the data transfer warehouse is accurately positioned beside the antenna part of the measurement while drilling sub, so that stable wireless communication can be carried out between the data transfer warehouse and the measurement while drilling sub.

[0095] In another aspect, based on the above data transmission system, the present application further provides a method for transmitting downhole big data (hereinafter referred to as "data transmission method"), which is realized by the above-mentioned data transmission system. Figure 8 The figure is a flow chart of the method for transmitting downhole big data of the embodiment of the present application. As shown in the figure, Figure 8 The data transmission method of the embodiment of the present application comprises the following steps:

[0096] Step S801: In the process of measurement while drilling, the measurement while drilling sub 107 collects the measurement while drilling data at the real-time arrival position of the drill bit;

[0097] Step S802: The data transfer bin 108 moves along the drill pipe water hole to the downhole with the mud;

[0098] Step S803: When the data transfer bin 108 passes through the internal water hole area of the drill pipe hoisting sub 106 located between the drill pipe 105 and the measurement while drilling sub 107, the upper end of the data transfer bin 108 is limited by the drill pipe hoisting sub 106, so that the lower end of the data transfer bin 108 enters the internal water hole area 110 of the measurement while drilling sub 107, and the antenna in the data transfer bin 108 is aligned with the antenna in the measurement while drilling sub 107;

[0099] Step S804: In the limited state, the data transfer bin 108 communicates with the measurement while drilling sub 107, first reads and stores the measurement while drilling data, and then returns to the ground under the action of the buoyancy and the thrust energy after obtaining the thrust energy, so as to obtain the data stored in the transfer bin by the ground drilling platform 101 after being fished.

[0100] Figure 9 The figure is a flow chart of the method for transmitting downhole big data of the embodiment of the present application. As shown in the figure, Figure 9As shown, step S901 (data transfer bin downhole step) opens the mud pump, pumps the data transfer bin 108 downhole, the data transfer bin 108 moves downhole with the mud in the drill pipe water eye 109, and is clamped in the drill pipe lifting short section 106, the antenna part of the data transfer bin 108 enters the inner wall of the drilling measurement short section 107, and is aligned with the antenna part of the drilling measurement short section 107. Step S902 (data transfer bin reading data step), wireless communication between the data transfer bin 108 and the drilling measurement short section 107 is achieved through the antennas located in different short sections, and the data transfer bin 108 further reads the drilling measurement data in the drilling measurement short section 107 and stores the drilling measurement data in the memory in the communication circuit 204B. Step S903 (data transfer bin returning to the ground step), the mud pump is closed, and when the pressure sensor 504 of the communication circuit 204B detects that the pressure drop of the drill pipe water eye exceeds the preset pressure change threshold, the motor control circuit 505 is started to work to drive the turbine 201 to rotate, the data transfer bin 108 returns to the ground under the buoyancy of itself and the thrust of the turbine 201, and the data transfer bin 108 is fished out at the wellhead. Step S904 (data transfer bin data download step), the data stored in the data transfer bin 108 is read out by the reading device of the ground drilling platform 101.

[0101] The present application discloses a system and method for transmitting downhole big data. When the data transfer bin is put into the water eye of the drill pipe, the mud pump is opened to pump the data transfer bin downhole by pump pressure; the data transfer bin is clamped on the shoulder set in the inner wall of the drill pipe lifting short section, so as to ensure wireless communication between the data transfer bin and the drilling measurement short section; when the data transfer bin approaches the inner wall of the drilling measurement short section, the data in the drilling measurement short section is read out by wireless communication and stored; after the data transfer bin reads the data of the drilling measurement short section, the mud pump is closed, and the data transfer bin returns to the ground by its own buoyancy and the thrust of the turbine. The downhole data transmission method disclosed by the present application not only solves the problems of low downhole data transmission rate and imaging data transmission, but also has the characteristics of stable and reliable data transmission, and can provide downhole data transmission services for drilling, well completion, oil production, gas production and other fields, and has important significance for data transmission of drilling measurement and downhole tools and other instruments.

[0102] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto, any changes or replacements within the technical scope disclosed by the present application can be easily thought by those skilled in the art, which should be covered in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

[0103] It is to be understood that the embodiments disclosed herein are not limited to particular structures, processes, or materials disclosed herein but are extended to equivalents thereof The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting.

[0104] Reference throughout this specification to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the application The appearances of the phrases "in one embodiment" or "an embodiment" in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment

[0105] Although the present application has been disclosed with reference to the embodiments described above, it is not the intent of the present application to limit the application to the particular form and details of the process steps and materials described. Any and all modifications, variations or changes to the process steps and materials described herein are considered to be within the scope of the present application. The application is to be limited only by the claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims

1. A system for transmitting downhole big data, comprising: a drill pipe hoisting sub disposed between a drill pipe and a measurement-while-drilling sub, configured to limit an upper end of a data transfer bin when the data transfer bin moves downhole along a water channel of the drill pipe and passes through an internal water channel area thereof, so that a lower end of the data transfer bin enters an internal water channel area of the measurement-while-drilling sub, and an antenna in the data transfer bin is aligned with an antenna in the measurement-while-drilling sub; the measurement-while-drilling sub, configured to collect measurement-while-drilling data at a real-time reach position of a drill bit during a measurement-while-drilling process; the data transfer bin, in a limited state, directly communicates with the measurement-while-drilling sub, configured to first read and store the measurement-while-drilling data from the measurement-while-drilling sub, then automatically generate upward thrust energy, and return to the ground under the action of its buoyancy and the thrust energy, so that the data stored in the data transfer bin is obtained by a surface drilling platform after being fished up, wherein the data transfer bin comprises: a master control device sub located below the upper end, the master control device sub is provided with a first communication circuit, the first communication circuit is used to generate a thrust generation instruction according to received mud pressure data at the outer wall of the master control device sub; a thrust source located at the upper end, the thrust source comprises: a turbine connected with the first communication circuit, the turbine is configured to be started under the action of the thrust generation instruction to generate thrust energy in the mud; and a protective cover arranged outside the turbine, a gap between the protective cover and the turbine has mud flowing through, the protective cover is configured as a hollow cylinder, an edge of the cylindrical protective cover is configured as a diameter-gradually-changing inclined surface, the inclined surface matches a shoulder inclined surface of a limiting piece, so that the impact force between the protective cover and the limiting piece is reduced during contact, and the protective cover and the limiting piece are tightly contacted under the impact of mud flow to achieve stable limiting effect; a first buoyancy tank and a second buoyancy tank located at both ends of the master control device sub, the first buoyancy tank and the second buoyancy tank respectively provide the data transfer bin with buoyancy that can make the data transfer bin float in the mud, the first buoyancy tank and the second buoyancy tank are similar in structure and are both hollow inside, the drill pipe hoisting sub comprises: a plurality of limiting pieces arranged on the inner wall of the hoisting sub, the plurality of limiting pieces are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the current inner wall, the limiting pieces are configured as shoulder structures, the plurality of limiting pieces are configured to limit the data transfer bin, an inscribed circle formed by all the limiting pieces has a radius smaller than an outer diameter of a thrust source at the upper end of the data transfer bin and larger than an outer diameter of a lower end of the data transfer bin, wherein the outer diameter of the thrust source at the upper end is larger than the outer diameter of the lower end.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein, the data transfer bin further comprises: the master control device sub wirelessly communicates with a measurement-while-drilling circuit in the measurement-while-drilling sub, configured to obtain the measurement-while-drilling data transmitted from the measurement-while-drilling circuit.

3. The system of claim 2, wherein, An outer diameter of the protective cover is larger than an outer diameter of each buoyancy tank.

4. The system of claim 2, wherein, The master device short section comprises: a communication circuit short section arranged close to the thrust source, and internally provided with the first communication circuit; an antenna short section connected with the communication circuit short section, and a first antenna is wound on the outer wall of the antenna short section, and the first antenna is connected with the first communication circuit.

5. The system of claim 2, wherein, The MWD short section comprises: a short section body formed with an internal water eye area; a second antenna wound on the outer wall of the short section body; an MWD circuit configured to collect the MWD data in real time; a second communication circuit arranged on the side wall of the short section body, and connected with the second antenna, wherein the second communication circuit communicates with the first communication circuit, and is configured to transmit the stored MWD data to the data transfer bin through the second antenna when the wireless transmission channel between the first communication circuit and the second communication circuit is established.

6. The system of claim 5, wherein, The first communication circuit further comprises: a pressure sensor arranged on the outer wall of the master device short section, and configured to monitor the mud pressure at the current position, wherein the first communication circuit is further configured to generate the thrust generation instruction after detecting that the current mud pressure is lower than a preset pressure threshold.

7. A method for transmitting big data downhole, characterized by, The method is implemented by the system according to any one of claims 1-6, and the method comprises: collecting, by the MWD short section, the MWD data at the real-time arrival position of the drill bit during the MWD process; moving the data transfer bin along the drill pipe water eye with the mud to the downhole; when the data transfer bin passes through the internal water eye area of the drill pipe hoisting short section between the drill pipe and the MWD short section, limiting the upper end of the data transfer bin by the drill pipe hoisting short section, so that the lower end of the data transfer bin enters the internal water eye area of the MWD short section, and the antenna in the data transfer bin is aligned with the antenna in the MWD short section; in the limited state, the data transfer bin communicates with the MWD short section, first reads and stores the MWD data, and then returns to the ground under the action of the buoyancy and the thrust energy after obtaining the thrust energy, so as to obtain the data stored in the data transfer bin by the ground drilling platform after being fished up.

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