Railway track bed resistance testing device and usage method

Abstract

The present invention provides a railway track bed resistance testing device and a method for using the same, and belongs to the field of railway track bed technology. It comprises: a longitudinal resistance testing fixture: used to test the resistance that a single rail sleeper needs to overcome when it is displaced 2 mm longitudinally along the line in the track bed; a transverse resistance testing fixture: used to test the resistance that a single rail sleeper needs to overcome when it is displaced 2 mm transversely along the line in the track bed. The longitudinal resistance testing fixture comprises a first rail sleeper, a first rail fastener, a first test sleeper, a first fixture, a first jack, a first high-pressure oil pipe, and a first track; the railway track bed resistance testing device and testing method proposed in the invention can test the resistance of the track without removing the gravel ballast on the track bed during the test, and during the test, not only the transverse resistance but also the longitudinal resistance can be tested, with a wide test range and strong applicability, and no track bed disturbance will occur during the test, and the test of the transverse resistance and longitudinal resistance of the track on the track bed can be completed accurately and efficiently.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of railway track beds, and in particular to a railway track bed resistance testing device and a use method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The trackbed typically refers to the stone ballast layer laid on the roadbed beneath the sleepers. Its primary function is to support the sleepers, evenly distributing the heavy load from above onto the roadbed, significantly reducing deformation. Ballast consists of small granite blocks with a diameter of 20 to 70 mm. The gaps and friction between the blocks give the track a certain degree of elasticity. This elasticity not only absorbs shock and vibration from rolling stock, ensuring smoother train operation, but also significantly improves the operating conditions of rolling stock, rails, sleepers, and other components, extending their service life. Once the ballast loses its elasticity, the load on the reinforced concrete sleepers increases by 50 to 80% compared to normal conditions.

[0003] At present, when the existing roadbed resistance testing device tests the lateral resistance (the resistance that a single rail sleeper needs to overcome when it displaces 2 mm laterally along the track in the roadbed) and the longitudinal resistance (the resistance that a single rail sleeper needs to overcome when it displaces 2 mm longitudinally along the track in the roadbed) of the roadbed, it is necessary to remove the gravel ballast on the roadbed before testing the longitudinal resistance and longitudinal resistance of the track. In addition, during the test, due to the different shapes and sizes of the sleepers, different fixtures need to be replaced for testing, which brings a certain degree of trouble to the testers. In addition, when testing the table-type sleepers, the use of the jack provides a large pressure, which will cause damage to the bottom edge of the table-type sleeper, resulting in a shortened service life of the sleeper.

[0004] How to invent a railway track bed resistance testing device and a method of using it to improve these problems has become an urgent problem to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to remedy the above shortcomings, the present invention provides a railway track bed resistance testing device and a method of use, aiming to improve the limitations of the test caused by the need to clean the gravel ballast in the track bed during the test, and the need for different fixtures to test different sleepers, which may cause damage to the bottom edge of the sleeper.

[0006] The present invention is achieved in that:

[0007] The present invention provides a railway track bed resistance testing device, comprising:

[0008] Longitudinal resistance test fixture: used to test the resistance that a single sleeper needs to overcome when it moves 2 mm longitudinally along the track in the trackbed;

[0009] Lateral resistance test fixture: used to test the resistance that a single sleeper needs to overcome when it moves 2 mm laterally along the track in the trackbed.

[0010] Preferably, the longitudinal resistance test fixture includes a first rail sleeper, a first rail fastener, a first test sleeper, a first fixture, a first jack, a first high-pressure oil pipe, a first track, a first bracket, a first displacement meter, a first force sensor, a first oil pump and a high-pressure one-to-two joint;

[0011] The top of the first sleeper is connected to the bottom of the first rail fastener, the first rail is installed on the top of the first rail fastener, the first test sleeper is installed between the first sleepers, the first clamp is installed between the first test sleepers, the first force sensor is installed on the first clamp, the first jack is installed between the first clamps, one end of the first high-pressure oil pipe is connected to the first jack, one end of the high-pressure one-to-two joint is connected to the end of the first high-pressure oil pipe away from the first jack, the output end of the first oil pump is connected to the end of the high-pressure one-to-two joint away from the first high-pressure oil pipe, the first bracket is installed in the middle of the top of the first sleeper, and the first displacement meter is installed between the first brackets.

[0012] Preferably, the first jack is connected to the first test pillow through a first clamp and a first force sensor.

[0013] Preferably, the first bracket is mounted on two first sleepers adjacent to the first test sleeper.

[0014] Preferably, the lateral resistance test fixture includes a second rail sleeper, a second rail fastener, a second test sleeper, a second fixture, a second jack, a second track, a second bracket, a second displacement meter, a second force sensor, a second oil pump and a second high-pressure oil pipe;

[0015] The second rail fastener is installed on the top of the second sleeper, the second rail is installed on the top of the second rail fastener, the second test sleeper is installed in the middle position between the second sleepers, the second fixture is installed on the top of the second test sleeper, the second force sensor is installed on the side of the second fixture close to the second rail, one end of the second jack is connected to the side of the second force sensor away from the second fixture, the second bracket is installed on the top of the second test sleeper away from the second fixture, the second displacement meter is installed on the top of the second bracket, one end of the second high-pressure oil pipe is connected to the second jack, and the end of the second high-pressure oil pipe away from the second jack is connected to the output end of the second oil pump.

[0016] Preferably, the second fixture is installed at the middle position of the second test pillow, and the second bracket is installed at the middle position of the second test pillow.

[0017] Preferably, the first clamp includes a steel plate, a pad, a connecting frame, a rotating shaft, a connecting plate, a holding plate, a buffer airbag, an L-shaped plate, a supporting plate, an air box, a slide plate, an air pipe, a connecting pipe, a wrapped airbag and an adjusting plate; the outer wall of the end of the steel plate is slidably connected to the inner wall of the pad, the end of the pad away from the steel plate is fixedly connected to the connecting frame, the side of the connecting frame away from the pad is rotatably connected to the outer wall of the rotating shaft, the end of the rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the opposite side of the connecting plate, the side of the connecting plate away from the rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the holding plate, the side of the holding plate away from the connecting plate is fixedly connected to the buffer airbag, the top of the L-shaped plate is connected to the pad The bottom of the block is fixedly connected, the bottom of the supporting plate is slidingly connected to the top of the L-shaped plate, the air box is fixedly connected to the side of the L-shaped plate close to the supporting plate, the outer wall of the skateboard is slidingly connected to the inner wall of the air box and fits each other, one end of the air pipe is fixedly connected to one side of the skateboard, one end of the connecting pipe is fixedly connected to one side of the clamping plate, the end of the air pipe away from the skateboard is fixedly connected to the end of the wrapped airbag, the end of the connecting pipe away from the clamping plate is fixedly connected to the end of the wrapped airbag, the wrapped airbag is installed on the top of the supporting plate, the outer wall of the adjusting plate is slidingly connected to the supporting plate, and one side of the adjusting plate is rotatably connected to the bottom of the clamping plate.

[0018] A method for using a railway track bed resistance testing device, comprising: a longitudinal resistance testing method and a transverse resistance testing method;

[0019] The longitudinal resistance test method includes the following steps:

[0020] Remove all first rail fasteners on all first test sleepers and pull out the sleepers;

[0021] Installing a first jack and a first force sensor between the first test pillows through a first fixture, and connecting the first jack to the first high-pressure oil pipe;

[0022] Then connect the first high-pressure oil pipe to the first oil pump through the high-pressure one-to-two joint;

[0023] After the installation is completed, the first displacement meter can be installed at the middle position of the two first sleepers adjacent to the first test sleeper through the first bracket;

[0024] After the first displacement meter is installed, reset the reading of the first displacement meter to zero;

[0025] Then, the first jack is slowly loaded by the first oil pump, and the longitudinal displacement and load of the first test pillow are synchronously collected by the first displacement meter and the first force sensor;

[0026] The reading of the first force sensor corresponding to a displacement of 2 mm is the longitudinal resistance of the first test pillow.

[0027] Preferably, the lateral resistance test method comprises the following steps:

[0028] Remove all second rail fasteners on the second test sleeper and pull out the pad.

[0029] Install a second fixture, a second jack, a second load cell, a second oil pump and a second high-pressure oil pipe on the outer side of a second track on the second test pillow;

[0030] Install a second bracket and a second displacement meter on the outer side of the other second track;

[0031] After the second displacement meter is installed, reset its reading to zero;

[0032] The second jack is slowly loaded by the second oil pump, and the lateral displacement and load of the second test pillow are synchronously collected by the second displacement meter and the second load cell;

[0033] The reading of the second force sensor corresponding to the displacement of 2 mm is the lateral resistance of the second test pillow.

[0034] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0035] 1. The railway track bed resistance testing device and method proposed in the present invention can test the resistance of the track without removing the gravel ballast from the track bed. During the test, not only the lateral resistance but also the longitudinal resistance can be tested. The test range is wide and the applicability is strong. No track bed disturbance occurs during the test, and the lateral and longitudinal resistance of the track on the track bed can be tested accurately and efficiently.

[0036] 2. The clamp used in the present invention can wrap the corners of the sleeper to different degrees according to the shape of the sleeper when testing the sleeper. When the corners of the platform-type sleeper are relatively inclined, the wrapping airbags provided on the clamp can be extended to different lengths as the supporting plate rotates, and the airbags can have different expansion degrees while extending to different lengths. Therefore, good protection can be achieved for the corners of the sleeper, preventing the corners of the sleeper from being damaged due to the squeezing force of the jack during the test, which makes the sleeper unusable and causes unnecessary losses. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate certain embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other relevant drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0038] Figure 11. It is a schematic diagram of the front view of the structure of the railway track bed resistance testing device, the railway track bed longitudinal resistance testing fixture and the sensor installation provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 This is a schematic side view of the structure of the railway track bed longitudinal resistance test fixture and sensor installation of the railway track bed resistance test device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the front view of the structure of the railway track bed resistance testing device, the railway track bed lateral resistance testing fixture and the sensor installation provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 4 This is a schematic side view of the structure of the railway track bed resistance testing device, the railway track bed lateral resistance testing fixture, and the sensor installation provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 5 This is a flow chart of a longitudinal resistance testing method for a method of using a railway track bed resistance testing device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 6 This is a flow chart of a transverse resistance testing method for using a railway track bed resistance testing device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the first fixture of the railway track bed resistance testing device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-section structure of the first fixture of the railway track bed resistance testing device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 9 The railway track resistance testing device provided by the embodiment of the present invention Figure 8 Enlarged structural diagram at point A in the middle.

[0047] In the figure: 1. First rail sleeper; 2. First rail fastener; 3. First test sleeper; 4. First fixture; 41. Steel plate; 42. Pad; 43. Connecting frame; 44. Rotating shaft; 45. Connecting plate; 46. Clamping plate; 47. Buffer airbag; 48. L-shaped plate; 49. Support plate; 410. Air box; 411. Slide plate; 412. Air pipe; 413. Connecting pipe; 414. Wrapping airbag; 415. Adjusting plate; 5. First jack; 6. First High-pressure oil pipe; 7. First rail; 8. First bracket; 9. First displacement meter; 10. First force sensor; 11. First oil pump; 12. High-pressure one-way two-way joint; 13. Second rail sleeper; 14. Second rail fastener; 15. Second test sleeper; 16. Second fixture; 17. Second jack; 18. Second rail; 19. Second bracket; 20. Second displacement meter; 21. Second force sensor; 22. Second oil pump; 23. Second high-pressure oil pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] To make the purpose, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0049] Example 1

[0050] Reference Figure 1-4 , railway track bed resistance testing device, including:

[0051] Longitudinal resistance test fixture: used to test the resistance that a single sleeper needs to overcome when it moves 2 mm longitudinally along the track in the trackbed;

[0052] Lateral resistance test fixture: used to test the resistance that a single sleeper needs to overcome when it moves 2 mm laterally along the track in the trackbed.

[0053] Furthermore, the longitudinal resistance test fixture includes a first rail sleeper 1, a first rail fastener 2, a first test sleeper 3, a first fixture 4, a first jack 5, a first high-pressure oil pipe 6, a first rail 7, a first bracket 8, a first displacement meter 9, a first force sensor 10, a first oil pump 11 and a high-pressure one-to-two joint 12;

[0054] The top of the first sleeper 1 is connected to the bottom of the first rail fastener 2, the first rail 7 is installed on the top of the first rail fastener 2, the first test sleeper 3 is installed between the first sleepers 1, the first clamp 4 is installed between the first test sleepers 3, the first force sensor 10 is installed on the first clamp 4, the first jack 5 is installed between the first clamps 4, one end of the first high-pressure oil pipe 6 is connected to the first jack 5, one end of the high-pressure one-to-two joint 12 is connected to the end of the first high-pressure oil pipe 6 away from the first jack 5, the output end of the first oil pump 11 is connected to the end of the high-pressure one-to-two joint 12 away from the first high-pressure oil pipe 6, the first bracket 8 is installed in the middle of the top of the first sleeper 1, and the first displacement meter 9 is installed between the first brackets 8.

[0055] Furthermore, the first jack 5 is connected to the first test pillow 3 through the first clamp 4 and the first force sensor 10 .

[0056] Furthermore, the first bracket 8 is installed on two first sleepers 1 adjacent to the first test sleeper 3 .

[0057] Furthermore, the lateral resistance test fixture includes a second sleeper 13, a second rail fastener 14, a second test sleeper 15, a second fixture 16, a second jack 17, a second rail 18, a second bracket 19, a second displacement meter 20, a second force sensor 21, a second oil pump 22 and a second high-pressure oil pipe 23;

[0058] The second rail fastener 14 is installed on the top of the second sleeper 13, the second rail 18 is installed on the top of the second rail fastener 14, the second test sleeper 15 is installed in the middle position between the second sleepers 13, the second fixture 16 is installed on the top of the second test sleeper 15, the second force sensor 21 is installed on the side of the second fixture 16 close to the second rail 18, one end of the second jack 17 is connected to the side of the second force sensor 21 away from the second fixture 16, the second bracket 19 is installed on the top of the second test sleeper 15 away from the second fixture 16, the second displacement meter 20 is installed on the top of the second bracket 19, one end of the second high-pressure oil pipe 23 is connected to the second jack 17, and the end of the second high-pressure oil pipe 23 away from the second jack 17 is connected to the output end of the second oil pump 22.

[0059] Furthermore, the second fixture 16 is installed at the middle position of the second test pillow 15 , and the second bracket 19 is installed at the middle position of the second test pillow 15 .

[0060] Reference Figure 5-6 , a method for using a railway track bed resistance testing device, including: a longitudinal resistance testing method and a transverse resistance testing method;

[0061] The longitudinal resistance test method includes the following steps:

[0062] S101: Remove all first rail fasteners 2 on all first test sleepers 3 and pull out the sleepers. It should be noted that the test sleepers should avoid empty sleepers, sleepers with missing fasteners, sleepers with abnormal ballast shoulder width, and sleepers disturbed by the test operation.

[0063] S102: Install a first jack 5 and a first force sensor 10 between the first test pillow 3 through a first fixture 4, and connect the first jack 5 to the first high-pressure oil pipe 6;

[0064] S103: Then, the first high-pressure oil pipe 6 is connected to the first oil pump 11 through the high-pressure one-to-two connector 12;

[0065] S104: After the installation is completed, the first displacement meter 9 can be installed in the middle of the two first sleepers 1 adjacent to the first test sleeper 3 through the first bracket 8; the vertical position of the load is 1 / 2-2 / 3 from the top surface of the sleeper. Figure 2 As shown; the test pillow should be prevented from twisting or tipping during loading;

[0066] S105: After the first displacement meter 9 is installed, the reading of the first displacement meter 9 is reset to zero;

[0067] S106: The first jack 5 is then slowly loaded via the first oil pump 11. The longitudinal displacement and load of the first test pillow 3 are simultaneously collected via the first displacement meter 9 and the first force sensor 10. It should be noted that the collection interval should not exceed 0.5 mm, and the collection should be appropriately increased around a displacement of 2 mm.

[0068] S107 : The reading of the first force sensor 10 corresponding to the displacement of 2 mm is the longitudinal resistance of the first test pillow 3 .

[0069] Furthermore, the lateral resistance test method includes the following steps:

[0070] S201: Remove all second rail fasteners 14 on the second test sleeper 15 and pull out the pad. It should be noted that the test sleepers should avoid empty sleepers, sleepers with missing fasteners, sleepers with abnormal ballast shoulder width, and sleepers disturbed by the test operation.

[0071] S202: Install a second fixture 16, a second jack 17, a second force sensor 21, a second oil pump 22, and a second high-pressure oil pipe 23 on the outer side of a second track 18 on the second test pillow 15;

[0072] S203: Install a second bracket 19 and a second displacement meter 20 on the outer side of the other second track 18;

[0073] S204: After the second displacement meter 20 is installed, its reading is reset to zero;

[0074] S205: Slowly load the second jack 17 via the second oil pump 22. At this time, the second displacement meter 20 and the second load cell 21 synchronously collect the lateral displacement and load of the second test pillow 15. It should be noted that the collection interval should not exceed 0.5 mm, and the collection should be appropriately increased around the displacement of 2 mm.

[0075] S206 : The reading of the second force sensor 21 corresponding to the displacement of 2 mm is the lateral resistance of the second test pillow 15 .

[0076] Example 2

[0077] Reference Figure 7-9 The first clamp 4 includes a steel plate 41, a pad 42, a connecting frame 43, a rotating shaft 44, a connecting plate 45, a tightening plate 46, a cushioning airbag 47, an L-shaped plate 48, a supporting plate 49, an air box 410, a slide plate 411, an air pipe 412, a connecting pipe 413, a wrapped airbag 414 and an adjusting plate 415; the outer wall of the end of the steel plate 41 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the pad 42, the end of the pad 42 away from the steel plate 41 is fixedly connected to the connecting frame 43, the side of the connecting frame 43 away from the pad 42 is rotatably connected to the outer wall of the rotating shaft 44, the end of the rotating shaft 44 is fixedly connected to the opposite side of the connecting plate 45, the side of the connecting plate 45 away from the rotating shaft 44 is fixedly connected to the tightening plate 46, the side of the tightening plate 46 away from the connecting plate 45 is fixedly connected to the cushioning airbag 47, the top of the L-shaped plate 48 The bottom of the L-shaped plate 48 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the pad 42, the bottom of the supporting plate 49 is slidingly connected to the top of the L-shaped plate 48, the air box 410 is fixedly connected to the side of the L-shaped plate 48 close to the supporting plate 49, the outer wall of the slide plate 411 is slidingly connected to the inner wall of the air box 410 and fits each other, one end of the air pipe 412 is fixedly connected to one side of the slide plate 411, one end of the connecting pipe 413 is fixedly connected to one side of the clamping plate 46, the end of the air pipe 412 away from the slide plate 411 is fixedly connected to the end of the wrapped air bag 414, the end of the connecting pipe 413 away from the clamping plate 46 is fixedly connected to the end of the wrapped air bag 414, the wrapped air bag 414 is installed on the top of the supporting plate 49, the outer wall of the adjusting plate 415 is slidingly connected to the supporting plate 49, and one side of the adjusting plate 415 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the clamping plate 46.

[0078] It should be noted that, through the arrangement of the above structure, the first clamp 4 can be applied to sleepers of different sizes and shapes, thereby improving the test range and test efficiency of the sleepers and improving the convenience of the test.

[0079] When in use, the cushioning airbag 47 is fitted with the side wall of the test pillow, and the supporting plate 49 is inserted into the bottom of the test pillow. Then the jack is installed on the steel plate 41, and the jack pushes the pad 42 to both sides. At this time, the cushioning airbag 47 and the pressing plate 46 will drive the connecting plate 45 and the rotating shaft 44 to rotate on the connecting frame 43 under the inclination of the side wall of the test pillow. While the pressing plate 46 rotates, it will make the supporting plate 49 slide toward the inside of the L-shaped plate 48. At this time, the air pipe 412 will push the slide plate 411 to squeeze the gas in the air box 410 into the wrapped airbag 414, and the pressing plate 46 will push the slide plate 411 to squeeze the gas in the air box 410 into the wrapped airbag 414, and the pressing plate 46 will push the slide plate 411 to squeeze the gas in the air box 410 into the wrapped airbag 414. While rotating and pushing the support plate 49 to slide inward, it will also drive the adjustment plate 415 to slide upward, so that the wrapping airbag 414 extends further, and in this process, the gas in the buffer airbag 47 and the air box 410 will enter the wrapping airbag 414, so that the collision amount of the wrapping airbag 414 will increase. At this time, the wrapping airbag 414 can effectively wrap and protect the bottom corner of the test pillow, preventing the clamp from sliding upward due to excessive lateral thrust generated by the jack during the test, causing damage to the bottom corner of the test pillow, thereby ensuring the stability of the test and the integrity of the test pillow after the test is completed.

[0080] The foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various modifications and variations are possible. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. Railway track bed resistance testing device, characterized in that: include: Longitudinal resistance test fixture: used to test the resistance that a single sleeper needs to overcome when it moves 2 mm longitudinally along the track in the trackbed; Lateral resistance test fixture: used to test the resistance that a single sleeper needs to overcome when it moves 2 mm laterally along the track in the trackbed; The longitudinal resistance test fixture comprises a first rail sleeper (1), a first rail fastener (2), a first test sleeper (3), a first fixture (4), a first jack (5), a first high-pressure oil pipe (6), a first rail (7), a first bracket (8), a first displacement meter (9), a first force sensor (10), a first oil pump (11) and a high-pressure one-to-two joint (12); the first jack (5) is connected to the first test sleeper (3) via the first fixture (4) and the first force sensor (10); The first fixture (4) includes a steel plate (41), a cushion block (42), a connecting frame (43), a rotating shaft (44), a connecting plate (45), a pressing plate (46), a cushion airbag (47), an L-shaped plate (48), a supporting plate (49), an air box (410), a slide plate (411), an air pipe (412), a connecting pipe (413), a wrapped airbag (414) and an adjusting plate (415); the outer side wall of the end of the steel plate (41) is slidably connected to the inner side wall of the cushion block (42), and the cushion block One end of (42) away from the steel plate (41) is fixedly connected to the connecting frame (43), and the side of the connecting frame (43) away from the cushion block (42) is rotatably connected to the outer side wall of the rotating shaft (44). The end of the rotating shaft (44) is fixedly connected to the opposite side of the connecting plate (45). The side of the connecting plate (45) away from the rotating shaft (44) is fixedly connected to the clamping plate (46). The side of the clamping plate (46) away from the connecting plate (45) is fixedly connected to the cushioning airbag (47). The L-shaped plate The top of the (48) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the pad (42), the bottom of the supporting plate (49) is slidably connected to the top of the L-shaped plate (48), the air box (410) is fixedly connected to the side of the L-shaped plate (48) close to the supporting plate (49), the outer wall of the slide (411) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the air box (410) and fits each other, one end of the air pipe (412) is fixedly connected to one side of the slide (411), and one end of the connecting pipe (413) is fixedly connected to the pressing plate (46). One side of the adjusting plate (415) is fixedly connected, one end of the air pipe (412) away from the slide plate (411) is fixedly connected to the end of the wrapped air bag (414), one end of the connecting pipe (413) away from the pressing plate (46) is fixedly connected to the end of the wrapped air bag (414), the wrapped air bag (414) is installed on the top of the supporting plate (49), the outer side wall of the adjusting plate (415) is slidably connected to the supporting plate (49), and one side of the adjusting plate (415) is rotatably connected to the bottom of the pressing plate (46).

2. The railway track bed resistance testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the first rail sleeper (1) is connected to the bottom of the first rail fastener (2), the first rail (7) is installed on the top of the first rail fastener (2), the first test sleeper (3) is installed between the first rail sleepers (1), the first clamp (4) is installed between the first test sleepers (3), the first force sensor (10) is installed on the first clamp (4), a first jack (5) is installed between the first clamps (4), one end of the first high-pressure oil pipe (6) is connected to the first jack (5), one end of the high-pressure one-to-two joint (12) is connected to the end of the first high-pressure oil pipe (6) away from the first jack (5), the output end of the first oil pump (11) is connected to the end of the high-pressure one-to-two joint (12) away from the first high-pressure oil pipe (6), the first bracket (8) is installed at the top middle position of the first rail sleeper (1), and the first displacement meter (9) is installed between the first brackets (8).

3. The railway track bed resistance testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first bracket (8) is mounted on two first sleepers (1) adjacent to the first test sleeper (3).

4. The railway track bed resistance testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lateral resistance test fixture comprises a second rail sleeper (13), a second rail fastener (14), a second test sleeper (15), a second fixture (16), a second jack (17), a second rail (18), a second bracket (19), a second displacement meter (20), a second force sensor (21), a second oil pump (22) and a second high-pressure oil pipe (23); The second rail fastener (14) is mounted on the top of the second sleeper (13), the second rail (18) is mounted on the top of the second rail fastener (14), the second test sleeper (15) is mounted in the middle position between the second sleepers (13), the second fixture (16) is mounted on the top of the second test sleeper (15), the second force sensor (21) is mounted on the side of the second fixture (16) close to the second rail (18), one end of the second jack (17) is connected to the side of the second force sensor (21) away from the second fixture (16), the second bracket (19) is mounted on the top of the side of the second test sleeper (15) away from the second fixture (16), the second displacement meter (20) is mounted on the top of the second bracket (19), one end of the second high-pressure oil pipe (23) is connected to the second jack (17), and the end of the second high-pressure oil pipe (23) away from the second jack (17) is connected to the output end of the second oil pump (22).

5. The railway track bed resistance testing device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The second fixture (16) is installed at a middle position of the second test pillow (15), and the second bracket (19) is installed at a middle position of the second test pillow (15).

6. A method for using the railway track bed resistance testing device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: include: Longitudinal resistance test method and transverse resistance test method; The longitudinal resistance testing method comprises the following steps: Remove all first rail fasteners (2) on all first test sleepers (3) and pull out the sleepers; A first jack (5) and a first force sensor (10) are installed between the first test pillow (3) via a first fixture (4), and the first jack (5) is connected to a first high-pressure oil pipe (6); Then, the first high-pressure oil pipe (6) is connected to the first oil pump (11) via the high-pressure one-to-two connector (12); After the installation is completed, the first displacement meter (9) can be installed at the middle position of the two first sleepers (1) adjacent to the first test sleeper (3) through the first bracket (8); After the first displacement meter (9) is installed, the reading of the first displacement meter (9) is reset to zero; Then, the first jack (5) is slowly loaded by the first oil pump (11), and the longitudinal displacement and load of the first test pillow (3) are synchronously collected by the first displacement meter (9) and the first force sensor (10); The reading of the first force sensor (10) corresponding to a displacement of 2 mm is the longitudinal resistance of the first test pillow (3).

7. The method for using the railway track bed resistance testing device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The lateral resistance testing method comprises the following steps: Remove all second rail fasteners (14) on the second test sleeper (15) and pull out the pad; A second fixture (16), a second jack (17), a second force sensor (21), a second oil pump (22) and a second high-pressure oil pipe (23) are installed on the outer side of a second track (18) on the second test pillow (15); A second bracket (19) and a second displacement meter (20) are installed on the outside of the other second track (18); After the second displacement meter (20) is installed, its reading is reset to zero; The second jack (17) is slowly loaded by the second oil pump (22), and the lateral displacement and load of the second test pillow (15) are synchronously collected by the second displacement meter (20) and the second force sensor (21); The reading of the second force sensor (21) corresponding to the displacement of 2 mm is the longitudinal resistance of the second test pillow (15).

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