Display article with anti-glare surface and thin durable anti-reflective coating

Abstract

Described herein is a display article comprising: a substrate comprising a thickness and a major surface; a textured surface region; and an anti-reflective coating disposed on the textured surface region. The textured surface region comprises structural features and an average texture height (R text ) from 50 nm to 300 nm. The substrate exhibits a flare of less than 5% and a transmittance haze of less than 40% at 0° angle of incidence as measured by PPD 140 ). The anti-reflective coating comprises alternating high refractive index layers and low refractive index layers. Each of the low refractive index layers comprises a refractive index less than or equal to 1.8 and each of the high refractive index layers comprises a refractive index greater than 1.8. The article also exhibits a first surface average photopic specular reflectance (%R) of less than 0.3% at any angle of incidence from about 5° to 20° from normal at visible wavelengths.

Description

[0001] Cross-references to related applications

[0002] This patent application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 049,843, filed July 9, 2020, entitled “DISPLAY ARTICLES WITH DIFFRACTIVE, ANTIGLARE SURFACES AND METHODS OF MAKING THESAME”, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0003] This application relates to, but does not claim priority to, the following jointly owned and assigned patent applications: U.S. Patent Application Serial No. __________(D31977), entitled “TEXTURED REGIONTOREDUCE SPECULAR REFLECTANCE INCLUDING ALOW REFRACTIVE INDEXSUBSTRATE WITH HIGHER ELEVATED SURFACES AND LOWER ELEVATED SURFACES AND AHIGH REFRACTIVE INDEX MATERIAL DISPOSED ON THE LOWER ELEVATED SURFACES” filed at ______________; U.S. Patent Application Serial No. __________(D31038 / 32632), entitled “ANTI-GLARE SUBSTRATE FOR ADISPLAY ARTICLE INCLUDING ATEXTURED REGION WITH PRIMARY SURFACE FEATURES AND SECONDARY SURFACE FEATURES IMPARTING A SURFACE ROUGHNESS The following are patent applications filed in ______________: THAT INCREASESSURFACE SCATTERING; U.S. Patent Application Serial No. __________ (D32630 / 32632), entitled “TEXTURED REGION OF ASUBSTRATE TOREDUCESPECULAR REFLECTANCE INCORPORATING SURFACE FEATURES WITH ANELLIPTICAL PERIMETER OR SEGMENTS THEREOF, AND METHOD OF MAKING THESAME”, filed in ______________; and U.S. Patent Application Serial No. __________ (D32647), entitled “TDISPLAY ARTICLES WITH DIFFRACTIVE, ANTIGLARE SURFACES AND THIN, DURABLE ANTIREFLECTION COATINGS”, filed in ______________. The entire disclosure of each of the foregoing U.S. patent applications, publications, and patent documents is incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0004] This disclosure generally relates to display articles having a textured anti-glare surface (e.g., diffraction, roughening, and other textured morphologies) and a thin, durable anti-reflective coating, and more particularly to display articles comprising a substrate having one or more main surfaces having textured surface regions having anti-glare properties and an anti-reflective coating. Background Technology

[0005] Anti-glare surfaces are commonly used in display devices such as LCD screens, tablets, smartphones, OLEDs, and touchscreens to avoid or reduce specular reflections of ambient light. In many display devices, these anti-glare surfaces are formed by providing a certain level of roughness to one or more surfaces of the glass and / or a film on the glass to diffuse and scatter incident light. Anti-glare surfaces in the form of roughened glass surfaces are often used on the front surface of such display devices to reduce the obvious visibility of external reflections from the display and improve the readability of the display under different lighting conditions.

[0006] Conventional methods for imparting anti-glare properties to glass substrates used in display products have achieved some success. Typically, these methods employ randomized surface roughness profiles on the surface of the substrate and / or within films on such substrates. However, these methods result in high haze and / or high flicker in the glass substrate and display products. High haze levels can reduce display contrast by scattering high-angle light towards the user, making black levels appear 'faded'. High flicker levels are unwanted random variations in pixel brightness that result in a grainy appearance with changing viewing angles.

[0007] Additionally, protective covers are commonly used to protect devices within electronic products, providing user interfaces for input and / or display and / or many other functions. Such products include mobile devices such as smartphones, smartwatches, MP3 players, and tablets. These display products may also benefit from a certain level of transparency, scratch resistance, abrasion resistance, or a combination thereof. These applications typically require scratch resistance and strong optical performance characteristics in terms of maximum light transmittance and minimum reflectivity. Furthermore, for some protective cover applications, the colors exhibited or perceived in reflection and / or transmission do not change perceptibly with viewing angle. In display applications, this is because if the colors in reflection or transmission change perceptibly with viewing angle, the user will perceive a change in the display's color or brightness, which may reduce the perceived display quality. In other applications, color variations can negatively impact the device's aesthetic appearance or other functional aspects.

[0008] These display products are commonly used in applications with packaging constraints (e.g., mobile devices). Specifically, many of these applications can significantly benefit from a reduction in overall thickness, even by several percent. Furthermore, many applications employing such display and non-display products benefit from lower manufacturing costs, such as minimized raw material costs, minimized process complexity, and improved yield. Smaller packages with optical and mechanical properties comparable to existing display and non-display products can also serve the desire for reduced manufacturing costs (e.g., by reducing raw material costs, by reducing the number of layers in the anti-reflective structure, etc.).

[0009] The optical performance of display covers can be improved by using various anti-reflective coatings; however, known anti-reflective coatings are susceptible to wear or abrasion. Such abrasion can negate any optical performance improvements achieved by the anti-reflective coating. Abrasion damage can include reciprocating sliding contact from opposing objects (e.g., fingers). Additionally, abrasion damage can generate heat, which can degrade the chemical bonds in the film material and cause peeling and other types of damage to the cover glass. Since abrasion damage typically takes longer than a single event leading to a scratch, the applied coating material subjected to abrasion damage may also oxidize, further degrading the coating's durability.

[0010] In view of these considerations, there is a need for display products and substrates with improved anti-glare properties, including but not limited to suppression of specular reflection, low flicker, and low image sharpness. Furthermore, such display products also need to possess abrasion resistance and anti-reflective optical properties. Summary of the Invention

[0011] According to one aspect of this disclosure, a display article is provided, comprising: a substrate including a thickness and a main surface; a textured surface region defined by the main surface; and an anti-reflective coating disposed on the textured surface region defined by the main surface of the substrate. The textured surface region includes a plurality of structural features and an average texture height (Rm) ranging from 50 nm to 300 nm. text The substrate exhibits the characteristic of passing through pixel power deviation (PPD) at an incident angle of 0° with respect to the normal. 140 The antireflective coating measures less than 5% scintillation and less than 40% transmittance haze at an incident angle of 0° to the normal. Furthermore, the antireflective coating comprises multiple alternating high-refractive-index layers and low-refractive-index layers. Each of the low-refractive-index layers contains a refractive index less than or equal to 1.8, and each of the high-refractive-index layers contains a refractive index greater than 1.8. Additionally, the product exhibits a first surface-average specular reflectance (%R) of less than 0.3% at an incident angle of approximately 5° to 20° to the normal in the visible spectrum from approximately 450 nm to 650 nm.

[0012] According to another aspect of this disclosure, a display article is provided, comprising: a substrate including a thickness and a main surface; a textured surface region defined by the main surface; and an anti-reflective coating disposed on the textured surface region defined by the main surface of the substrate. The textured surface region includes a plurality of structural features and an average texture height (Rm) ranging from 50 nm to 300 nm. text The substrate exhibits the characteristic of passing through pixel power deviation (PPD) at an incident angle of 0° to the normal. 140 The measured scintillation is less than 5%, and the transmittance haze is less than 40% at an incident angle of 0° to the normal. Furthermore, the antireflective coating comprises a total bulk thickness from 200 nm to 500 nm and multiple alternating high-refractive-index and low-refractive-index layers, wherein the antireflective coating comprises a total of three (3) to nine (9) layers. Each of the low-refractive-index layers contains a refractive index less than or equal to about 1.8, and each of the high-refractive-index layers contains a refractive index greater than 1.8. Additionally, each high-refractive-index layer contains Si3N4, SiN... x and SiO x N y One of them. In addition, the article exhibits a first surface average specular reflectance (%R) of less than 0.3% at an incident angle of about 5° to 20° with respect to the normal in the visible spectrum from about 450 nm to 650 nm.

[0013] According to another aspect of this disclosure, a display article is provided, comprising: a substrate including a thickness and a main surface; a roughened surface region defined by the main surface; and an anti-reflective coating disposed on the roughened surface region defined by the main surface of the substrate. The roughened surface region includes a plurality of structural features and an average surface roughness (R0) varying from 20 nm to 2000 nm with a root-mean-square (RMS) average texture height. q The substrate exhibits the characteristic of passing through pixel power deviation (PPD) at an incident angle of 0° to the normal. 140 The measured scintillation is less than 5%, and the transmittance haze is less than 40% at an incident angle of 0° to the normal. Furthermore, the antireflective coating comprises a total bulk thickness from 200 nm to 500 nm and multiple alternating high-refractive-index and low-refractive-index layers, wherein the antireflective coating comprises a total of three (3) to nine (9) layers. Each of the low-refractive-index layers contains a refractive index less than or equal to about 1.8, and each of the high-refractive-index layers contains a refractive index greater than 1.8. Additionally, each high-refractive-index layer contains Si3N4, SiN...x and SiO x N y One of them. In addition, the article exhibits a first surface average specular reflectance (%R) of less than 1% at an incident angle of about 5° to 20° with respect to the normal in the visible spectrum from about 450 nm to 650 nm.

[0014] Additional features and advantages will be set forth in the following detailed description, and those skilled in the art will readily understand from the description or recognize such additional features and advantages by practicing the embodiments described herein (including the following detailed description, claims and drawings).

[0015] It should be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are merely exemplary and intended to provide an overview or framework for understanding the nature and characteristics of the claimed disclosure.

[0016] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the principles of this disclosure and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate one or more embodiments and, together with the description, explain the principles and operation of this disclosure by example. It should be understood that the various features of this disclosure disclosed in this specification and the accompanying drawings can be used in any and all combinations. Attached Figure Description

[0017] These and other features, aspects and advantages of this disclosure can be better understood when the following detailed description of this disclosure is read with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0018] Figure 1A This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a display article according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0019] Figure 1B This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a display article according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0020] Figure 1C This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a display article having an anti-reflective coating according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0021] Figure 1D This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a display article having an anti-reflective coating according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0022] Figure 1E This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a display article having an anti-reflective coating according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a diffraction anti-glare structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0024] Figure 3A and Figure 3B The diffraction efficiencies of reflection and transmission according to embodiments of this disclosure are respectively used as... Figure 2 A plot of the structural depth as a function of the described diffraction anti-glare structure.

[0025] Figures 4A to 4C The diffraction efficiencies of reflection at 15%, 30%, and 70% fill fractions, respectively, according to embodiments of this disclosure, are used as... Figure 2 A plot of the structural depth as a function of the described diffraction anti-glare structure.

[0026] Figure 5 The diffraction efficiency of reflected light at different incident light wavelengths, according to embodiments of this disclosure, is used as... Figure 2 The plot of the structural depth of the depicted diffraction anti-glare surface and its function.

[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic flowchart of a method for manufacturing a display article according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0028] Figures 7A to 7D This is an optical micrograph of the diffracted surface region of a substrate used in a display product according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0029] Figure 8 This is a plot of the etching depth as a function of the etching time for two structural features of the diffraction surface region of the substrate used in the display article, according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0030] Figure 9A and Figure 9B It is a plot of the distinctness of image (DOI) as a function of etching depth for structural features of different sizes and fill fractions according to embodiments of the present disclosure, which are part of the diffraction surface region of a substrate used in a display article.

[0031] Figure 10A and Figure 10B Pixel power deviation (PPD) of structural features with different sizes and fill fractions according to embodiments of this disclosure. 140 The plots of haze as a function of etching depth, and these structural features are part of the diffraction surface region of the substrate used in display articles.

[0032] Figure 10C and Figure 10D Pixel power deviation (PPD) of structural features with different sizes and fill fractions according to embodiments of this disclosure. 140 The plots of haze as a function of etching depth, and these structural features are part of the diffraction surface region of the substrate used in display articles.

[0033] Figure 11A It is an optical image of a diffracted surface region and a surface height distribution stripe having a first set of structural features according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the first set of structural features having a depth of about 150 nm and a fill fraction of about 50%.

[0034] Figure 11B It is an angle plot of the reflectivity amplitude of three articles with different diffraction surface regions according to embodiments of the present disclosure against the reflection angle (in degrees).

[0035] Figure 12 This is an angle drawing of the reflectivity amplitude of a display article having a diffraction surface area according to an embodiment of the present disclosure as a function of the reflection angle (in degrees).

[0036] Figure 13A and Figure 13B It is an optical image of a display article having a diffraction surface region before and after removing the mask and etchant used in a method for manufacturing a display article according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0037] Figure 14 This is a plot of the image distinctness (DOI) of the structural features of the diffraction surface region of a display article according to an embodiment of the present disclosure as a function of etching depth.

[0038] Figure 15 This is a schematic drawing illustrating the arrangement of a hexagonal pattern of a diffractive surface region according to an embodiment of the present disclosure to depict seven structural features of a hexagonal percentage (H).

[0039] Figure 16A and Figure 16B These are, respectively, a nearest neighbor distribution and pattern periodicity diagram of the diffraction surface region of a display article according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0040] Figure 17A and Figure 17B These are, respectively, a nearest neighbor distribution and pattern periodicity diagram of the diffraction surface region of a display article according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0041] Figure 18A It is a plan view of an exemplary electronic device of any of the articles disclosed herein.

[0042] Figure 18B yes Figure 18A A three-dimensional diagram of an exemplary electronic device.

[0043] Figure 19This is a drawing of the elastic modulus and hardness of a display article according to an embodiment of the present disclosure in relation to the indentation depth.

[0044] Figure 20A This is a plot of the specular reflectance of a first surface of a display article according to embodiments of the present disclosure and a comparative display article against wavelength.

[0045] Figure 20B and Figure 20C This is a schematic illustration of the specular reflectance measurement of a display product and a comparative display product according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0046] Figure 21 This is a plot of the total transmittance of the two surfaces of a display article according to an embodiment of the present disclosure against wavelength.

[0047] Figures 22A to 22C This is a plot of the specular reflectivity of a first surface against wavelength for various incident angles, according to embodiments of this disclosure.

[0048] Figure 23 This is a plot of the specular reflectivity of two surfaces against wavelength for an incident angle of 6°, according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0049] Figure 24 This is a schematic diagram of an optical apparatus used to measure the optical properties of the display article disclosed herein. Detailed Implementation

[0050] In the following detailed description, exemplary embodiments of the disclosed specific details are set forth for purposes of explanation and not limitation in order to provide a thorough understanding of the various principles of this disclosure. However, those skilled in the art to which this disclosure pertains will understand that this disclosure may be practiced in other embodiments that depart from the specific details disclosed herein. Furthermore, descriptions of well-known apparatus, methods, and materials may be omitted so as not to obscure the description of the various principles of this disclosure. Finally, where applicable, like reference numerals refer to like elements.

[0051] A range may be expressed herein as from “about” a particular value and / or to “about” another particular value. When expressing this range, another implementation includes from one particular value and / or to another particular value. Similarly, when a value is expressed as an approximation using the aforementioned word “about,” it will be understood that the particular value forms another implementation. It will be further understood that the endpoints of each in the range are meaningful both in relation to and independent of another endpoint.

[0052] The directional terms used in this article (e.g., “up,” “down,” “right,” “left,” “front,” “back,” “top,” “bottom”) refer only to the diagrams shown and are not intended to imply absolute orientation.

[0053] Unless otherwise expressly stated, no method described herein is intended to be construed as requiring the steps to be performed in a particular order. Therefore, no order is intended to be inferred in any respect unless the method claims actually enumerate the order of the steps or otherwise specify in the claims or description that the steps should be limited to a particular order. This is true for any possible non-expressive basis of interpretation, including: logical matters or operational flow regarding the arrangement of steps; general meaning derived from grammatical organization or punctuation; and the number or type of embodiments described in the specification.

[0054] As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular forms “a / an” and “the” include plural indicators. Therefore, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, a reference to, for example, a “component” includes aspects having two or more such components.

[0055] As used in this article, "average texture height (R)" text "R" refers to the structural characteristics of the textured region on the main surface of the substrate of the display article disclosed herein, and is reported in nanometers (nm). Furthermore, for textured surface regions including roughened surface regions (e.g., those produced through etching and / or sandblasting processes), R... text Defined as the average surface roughness (R) of the roughened surface region q ), and can be reported in root-mean-square (RMS) nanometers (nm). For textured surface regions containing diffracted surface regions as described in this disclosure, R text Defined as the average height difference between two heights or depths of a structural feature (e.g., a pillar, a hole, etc.) associated with a diffracted surface region.

[0056] As used herein, the “Berkovich indenter hardness test” involves measuring the hardness of a material on its surface by indenting it with a diamond Berkovich indenter. The Berkovich indenter hardness test includes indenting the display article 100 of this disclosure with a diamond Berkovich indenter (see [link to original document]). Figures 1C to 1EAn indentation is formed on the air-side surface 61 of the antireflective coating 60 (as described in the corresponding description), the indentation depth being in the range of about 50 nm to about 1000 nm (or the entire thickness of the antireflective coating or layer, whichever is less); and the hardness is measured according to this indentation at various points along the entire range of indentation depth, along a specified segment of this indentation depth (e.g., in the range of about 100 nm to about 500 nm), or at a specific indentation depth (e.g., at a depth of 100 nm, at a depth of 500 nm, etc.), which is typically done using methods described in the following literature: Oliver, WC; Pharr, GM, “An improved technique for determining hardness and elastic modulus using load and displacement sensing indentation experiments”, J. Mater. Res., Vol. 7, No. 6, 1992, 1564-1583; and Oliver, WC and Pharr, GM, “Measurement of Hardness and Elastic Modulus by Instrument Indentation: Advances in Understanding and "Refinements to Methodology", J. Mater. Res., Vol. 19, No. 1, 2004, 3-20. Furthermore, when hardness is measured within an indentation depth range (e.g., from approximately 100 nm to approximately 500 nm), the result can be reported as the maximum hardness within the specified range, where the maximum value is selected from the measurement obtained at each depth within that range. As used herein, "hardness" and "maximum hardness" refer to the measured hardness value, not the average of the hardness values. Similarly, when hardness is measured at an indentation depth, the hardness value obtained from the Glass hardness test is for that specific indentation depth.

[0057] This disclosure generally relates to display articles having a combination of antireflective (AR) and antiglare (AG) optical properties, as well as mechanical strength and abrasion resistance. Compared to articles having only AR or AG properties, these display articles advantageously have a lower level of specular reflectivity of the first surface (e.g., as low as 0.015%), which also promotes higher display contrast, color gamut, and neutral reflectance color levels. More specifically, the display articles have one or more textured AG substrate surfaces (e.g., diffraction, roughening, and other textured morphologies) and a thin, durable, multilayer AR coating. Furthermore, since the AG textured surface areas of these articles can scatter light in both transmission and reflection, the AG textured surface areas can also reduce the occurrence of hidden reflections in the display. In addition, these display articles and substrates employ textured surface areas with antiglare properties, such as low pixel power deviation (PPD). 140 These display articles also include an AR coating having multiple alternating high-refractive-index and low-refractive-index layers, which in some embodiments enables the article to exhibit a maximum hardness of 8 GPa or greater, as measured by a Glasswell indenter hardness test along an indentation depth of 50 nm or greater. Textured surface regions enable display articles employing textured surface regions to exhibit a PPD of less than 5%. 140 And less than 40% of the transmitted haze.

[0058] This disclosure generally relates to display articles having diffractive anti-glare surfaces and methods for manufacturing the same, and more specifically to display articles comprising a substrate having one or more main surfaces having diffractive surface regions and anti-glare properties. Generally, the display articles and substrates of this disclosure employ dedicated diffractive surface regions with anti-glare properties such as low image clarity (DOI) and low pixel power deviation (PPD). 140 And low transmission haze. Each of these anti-glare properties is desirable for display applications, and conventional methods have not yet achieved this combination of anti-glare properties. According to an aspect of this disclosure, the diffractive surface region has structural features such as holes and / or pillars, such as a diameter less than 100 μm, a pitch less than 125 μm, and a fill fraction of 40% to 55%. The diffractive surface region including such holes and / or pillars enables display articles employing the diffractive surface region to exhibit a first surface reflectance (DOI) of less than 80% and a pixel density (PPD) of less than 4%. 140And less than 20% transmission haze. Furthermore, these properties can be achieved without any additional anti-reflective coating on the diffractive surface region. In some embodiments, the diffractive surface region may have a multimode distribution (e.g., a dual-mode distribution) of surface height and / or depth ranging from 120 nm to 200 nm, which can reduce specular reflectivity through diffraction interference.

[0059] Compared to display articles that achieve anti-reflective properties using conventional methods, the display articles of this disclosure, including diffracted surface regions, offer several advantages. For example, the display articles of this disclosure can use diffracted light scattering to suppress specular reflectivity by a factor of 10 or more, while also achieving a combination of low haze, low flicker, and high mechanical durability. High mechanical durability is associated with the relatively low aspect ratio of the structural features of the diffracted surface regions. Furthermore, some display articles according to this disclosure employ diffracted surface regions and multilayer anti-reflective coating structures to achieve specular reflection reductions of greater than 20, 50, or even 100 times. Another advantage of the display articles of this disclosure is that the planar stepped and semi-planar morphology of the diffracted surface regions, together with controlled structural depths of less than 1 μm or less than 250 nm, allows for the easy manufacture of display articles with significantly lower consumption of glass material and etching chemicals (such as HF) compared to conventional etched anti-glare glass substrates, resulting in less environmental waste and potential cost benefits. Various processes can be used to create these structures (e.g., organic masking and etching, organic masking and vapor deposition, organic masking and liquid phase deposition of oxides), which helps to maintain low manufacturing costs. A further advantage of these display articles is that they can exhibit a combination of anti-glare and optical properties not achieved by conventional anti-glare methods. For example, the display articles of this disclosure, incorporating a diffraction surface region, have achieved a DOI of less than 80% and a PPD of less than 2%. 140 and a haze of less than 5%.

[0060] refer to Figure 1A and Figure 1B The display article 100 is depicted as including a substrate 10 having a plurality of main surfaces 12 and 14 and a thickness 13. The main surfaces 12 of the substrate 10 also include a diffraction surface region 30a. Thus, the diffraction surface region 30a is defined on the main surfaces 12 such that the diffraction surface region 30a is formed by or otherwise formed as part of the substrate 10, such as... Figure 1A As shown. In some embodiments (not shown), the diffracted surface region 30a may also be defined by the main surface 14 of the substrate 10. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the diffracted surface region 30a is defined by both the main surfaces 12 and 14. Similarly, as... Figure 1A The depicted diffraction surface region 30a includes a plurality of structural features 20, which contain a plurality of different heights and / or depths distributed in a multi-mode manner.

[0061] Refer again Figure 1A and Figure 1B The diffraction surface region 30a shown describes a surface containing a fixed set of several cylindrical or circular holes (i.e., structural features 20) at potentially discrete heights or depths above or below the main surface 12 of the substrate 10. In some cases, each feature 20 may have a planar top characterized by a single height or depth. These features 20 may have the same diameter or a finite number of different diameters. The placement of features 20 may be random, but this is by design or otherwise deliberately designed rather than a random function of the manufacturing process. The manufacturing process may use some form of precision-designed mask to precisely (within certain tolerances) produce the designed feature shape. As used herein, multiple structural features 20 have multiple diffraction surface regions 30a at different heights in a “multimodal distribution” (e.g., Figure 1A and Figure 1B (As illustrated in the exemplary form) means that the diffracted surface region 30a is primarily composed of two (e.g., a two-mode distribution), three (e.g., a three-mode distribution), four, five, or more distinct and deliberately designated average heights or principal heights, each of which is composed of a distribution whose width is less than or equivalent to the vertical spacing between the heights. See again Figure 1A and Figure 1B The exemplary diffracted surface region 30a comprises multiple heights and / or depths in a bimodal distribution. Furthermore, as used herein, "bimodal distribution" means that the diffracted surface region 30a is primarily composed of two distinct and deliberately designed average heights or principal heights, each of which is composed of a distribution whose width is less than or equivalent to the vertical spacing between the heights.

[0062] In embodiments, multiple structural features 20 include pillars and / or holes, and these pillars and / or holes constitute a multimodal distribution of surface height and / or depth. According to some embodiments, the diffracted surface region 30a may contain a two-dimensional array of circular, square, hexagonal, polygonal, or irregular structural features 20. Furthermore, these structural features 20 can be configured as ordered or semi-ordered arrays—essentially any of a variety of array schemes that are reproducible and whose function is not dependent on the randomness of the manufacturing process. Therefore, in Figure 1A and Figure 1B In some embodiments of the depicted display article 100, the diffracted surface region 30a includes a plurality of structural features 20, which are distributed in a multi-mode pattern at different heights and in a semi-ordered or ordered array across the surface region 30a.

[0063] Refer again Figure 1A and Figure 1BThe display article 100, substrate 10, can exhibit less than 4% flicker, such as when viewed through a PPD at an incident angle of 0° to the normal. 140 The substrate 10 can also exhibit a DOI of less than 80% at an incident angle of 20° with the normal. Furthermore, the substrate 10 of the display article 100 can exhibit a transmittance haze of less than 20% at an incident angle of 0° with the normal. Figure 1A and Figure 1B The embodiments of the display article 100 depicted may also exhibit such a combination of optical properties.

[0064] according to Figure 1A and Figure 1B In some embodiments of the depicted display article 100, the multi-mode distribution of the diffracted surface region 30a further includes first partial structural features 22a, 22a' at a first average height 24a (or interchangeably referred to as a first average depth 24a) and second partial structural features 22b, 22b' at a second average height 24b (or interchangeably referred to as a first average depth 24b). According to embodiments of the display article 100, the first partial structural features 22a, 22a' may be pillars 22a, such as... Figure 1A As illustrated in the exemplary form. According to an embodiment of the display article 100, the first structural features 22a, 22a' can be holes 22a', such as... Figure 1B As illustrated in the exemplary form. According to some of these embodiments, from a structural point of view, the second structural features 22b, 22b' can be a group of ligaments 22b located between the first structural features 22a, 22a' (e.g., Figure 1A As shown, located between columns 22a) or platform 22b' (e.g. Figure 1B As shown, located between holes 22a'. According to the embodiment, when the first structural features 22a, 22a' are configured as pillars 22a, the ligament 22b can be a ligament, matrix, or other comparable structure located between the first parts. Furthermore, when the first structural features 22a, 22a' are configured as holes 22a', the platform 22b' can be a platform, substrate, matrix, or other comparable structure located between the first parts. However, it should be understood that the second structural features 22b, 22b', like the first structural features 22a, 22a', include a surface height distribution with a second average height 24b. Furthermore, depending on the configuration of the diffraction surface region 30a, the range of the first average height 24a of the pillar 22a or the first average depth 24a of the hole 22a' can be from about 25 nm to about 300 nm, from about 50 nm to about 250 nm, from about 75 nm to about 225 nm, from about 100 nm to about 200 nm, from about 120 nm to about 180 nm, or from about 130 nm to about 170 nm.

[0065] As previously noted, Figure 1A and Figure 1B The depicted display article 100 includes a substrate 10 having a diffractive surface region 30a, which may include a plurality of structural features 20 of different heights in a multi-mode distribution. This multi-mode distribution may have multiple surface height modes; for example, the distribution may be a dual-mode (e.g., having first partial structural features 22a, 22a' and second partial structural features 22b, 22b'), a tri-mode, a quad-mode, a penta-mode, etc. In embodiments, the diffractive surface region 30a is configured such that each of these modes is characterized by a distinct peak in the area fraction of the surface height within the surface height distribution. These peaks can be distinguished by a reduction in area fraction of at least 20%, at least 50%, or at least 80% from the peak surface height value associated with each distinct peak in the mode. Furthermore, the peaks in each mode may have different widths, and the area fraction does not need to decrease to zero between the distributed peaks. However, in some embodiments, the area fraction of the height between each of the peaks on the surface height-area map may decrease to zero or near zero.

[0066] Refer again Figure 1A and Figure 1B A further feature of the multi-mode distribution of the diffraction surface region 30a in the depicted display article 100 may be that the difference between the first average height 24a and the second average height 24b is from about 25 nm to about 300 nm, from about 50 nm to about 250 nm, from about 75 nm to about 225 nm, from about 100 nm to about 200 nm, from about 120 nm to about 200 nm, from about 120 nm to about 180 nm, or from about 130 nm to about 170 nm. For example, the difference between the first average height 24a and the second average height 24b may be about 25 nm, 50 nm, 75 nm, 100 nm, 125 nm, 150 nm, 175 nm, 200 nm, 225 nm, 250 nm, 275 nm, 300 nm, and all height differences between the aforementioned levels. In some embodiments, the difference between the first average height 24a and the second average height 24b may be within a range corresponding to about 1 / 4 of the wavelength of visible light in air, or an odd multiple of about 1 / 4 of the wavelength of visible light.

[0067] Refer again Figure 1A and Figure 1BThe depicted display article 100 is configured such that the diffracted surface region 30a includes a first planar region 21a corresponding to a first portion of structural features 22a, 22a' of a first average height 24a and a second planar region 21b corresponding to a second portion of structural features 22b, 22b' of a second average height 24b. That is, each of the first planar region 21a and the second planar region 21b is planar because these regions have approximately the same surface height (i.e., within a pattern of surface height distribution as a percentage of the surface height of the plurality of structural features 20). Furthermore, each of these planar regions 21a and 21b may be characterized by a surface height variation (or roughness) of less than 50 nm root-mean-square (RMS), less than 20 nm, less than 10 nm, less than 5 nm, less than 2 nm, or less than 1 nm RMS within the planar region. For example, each of these planar regions 21a and 21b may be characterized by a surface height variation ranging from 0.1 nm RMS to 50 nm RMS, from 0.1 nm RMS to 20 nm RMS, from 0.1 nm RMS to 10 nm RMS, or from 0.1 nm RMS to 1 nm RMS. Furthermore, according to some embodiments, planar regions 21a and 21b may also include areas greater than 5 μm within each region. 2 Greater than 10μm 2 Greater than 20μm 2 Greater than 50μm 2 or greater than 100μm 2 Individual subregions or domains of the average area (not shown).

[0068] according to Figure 1A and Figure 1B In some embodiments of the depicted display article 100, as previously noted, the diffraction surface region 30a may include two or more planar regions (e.g., a first planar region 21a and a second planar region 21b). Furthermore, each of these planar regions (e.g., a platform, a tabletop, etc.) may be substantially planar, meaning that more than 50%, more than 80%, or more than 90% of the diffraction surface region 30a is planar. In some embodiments, the total surface area of ​​the first planar region 21a and the second planar region 21b is at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, or at least 90% of the total surface area of ​​the diffraction surface region 30a.

[0069] according to Figure 1A and Figure 1BAn embodiment of the depicted display article 100 is characterized by a low flicker level. Generally, the diffraction surface region 30a associated with the substrate 10 of such articles can produce light deflection, resulting in an image artifact called "flicker." Display "flicker" or "glare" is generally an unwanted side effect that may occur when anti-glare or light-scattering surfaces are introduced into pixelated display systems such as, for example, LCDs, OLEDs, touch screens, or the like, and differs in type and origin from the types of "flicker" or "spots" observed and characterized in projection or laser systems. Flicker is associated with an extremely fine granular appearance of the display and can exhibit a shift in the granular pattern as the viewing angle of the display changes. Display flicker can manifest as bright spots and dark spots or colored dots at an approximate pixel scale.

[0070] As used in this article, the terms "pixel power deviation" and "PPD" are used interchangeably. 140 "Flicker" refers to a quantitative measurement of flicker. Furthermore, as used herein, the term "flicker" is synonymous with "pixel power deviation" and "PPD". 140 "Use interchangeably. PPD" 140 The calculation is performed using image analysis of the displayed pixels. A grid is drawn around each LCD pixel. The total power within each grid is then calculated based on data from the charge-coupled device (CCD) camera, and this total power is allocated to the total power of each pixel. Therefore, the total power of each LCD pixel becomes a digital array, allowing for the calculation of the mean and standard deviation of this total power. (PPD) 140 The value is defined as the standard deviation of the total power per pixel divided by the average power per pixel (multiplied by 100). The total power collected by the eye simulator camera from each LCD pixel is measured, and the total pixel power (PPD) is calculated across the measurement area. 140 The standard deviation of the measurement area typically includes approximately 30x30 LCD pixels.

[0071] Used to obtain PPD 140 The detailed description of the measurement system and image processing calculations for the values ​​is found in U.S. Patent No. 9,411,180, entitled "Apparatus and Method for Determining Sparkle," the prominent portions of which relating to PPD measurement are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Furthermore, unless otherwise indicated, the SMS-1000 system (Display-Messtechnik & Systeme GmbH & Co. KG) is used to generate and evaluate the PPD values ​​disclosed herein. 140 Measurement results. PPD 140The measurement system includes: a pixelated source comprising multiple pixels (e.g., a Lenovo Z50 140ppi portable computer), each of the multiple pixels having reference indices i and j; and an imaging system optically positioned along the optical path originating from the pixelated source. The imaging system includes: an imaging device positioned along the optical path and having a pixelated sensitive region comprising a second plurality of pixels, each of the second plurality of pixels being referenced by indices m and n; and a diaphragm positioned along the optical path between the pixelated source and the imaging device, wherein the diaphragm has an adjustable collection angle for the image originating from the pixelated source. Image processing calculations include: acquiring a pixelated image of a transparent sample, the pixelated image comprising multiple pixels; determining the boundaries between adjacent pixels in the pixelated image; integrating within the boundaries to obtain the integrated energy of each source pixel in the pixelated image; and calculating the standard deviation of the integrated energy of each source pixel, wherein the standard deviation is the power of dispersion per pixel. As used herein, all “PPD” 140 The "flickering" value, attributes, and limitations were calculated and evaluated using a test apparatus with a pixel density of 140 pixels per inch (PPI) (also referred to as "PPD" in this document). 140 Display devices for ">".

[0072] according to Figure 1A and Figure 1B In some embodiments of the display article 100 shown, the substrate 10 exhibits flicker of less than 4%, 3.5%, 3%, 2.5%, 2%, 1.5%, 1%, 0.5%, and all flicker threshold values ​​between the aforementioned levels, such as when using a 140ppi LCD display at an incident angle of 0° to the normal. 140 Measured. For example, substrate 10 may exhibit flicker values ​​of 3.5%, 3.25%, 3%, 2.75%, 2.5%, 2.25%, 2%, 1.75%, 1.5%, 1.25%, 1%, 0.75%, 0.5%, and all flicker values ​​between the aforementioned levels, as measured by PPD at an incident angle of 0° to the normal. 140 Measured.

[0073] Refer again Figure 1A and Figure 1B The depicted display article 100 can also be configured to achieve optimal anti-glare performance, as reflected in low image clarity (DOI) values. As used herein, "DOI" equals 100 * (R s -R 0.3° ) / R s , where R sR is the specular reflectivity flux measured from incident light (at an angle of 20° with the normal) onto the diffraction surface region 30a of the display article 100 of this disclosure, and R 0.3° The flux R of the same incident light at 0.3° is based on the specular reflectivity. s The measured reflectance flux. Unless otherwise stated, the DOI values ​​and measurement results reported in this disclosure are obtained according to ASTM D5767-18 entitled "Standard Test Method for Instrumental Measurement of Distinctness-of-Image (DOI) Gloss of Coated Surfaces using a Rhopoint IQ GlossHaze & DOI Meter" (Rhopoint Instruments Ltd.). Figure 1A and Figure 1B In some embodiments of the display article 100 shown, the DOI exhibited by the substrate 10 is less than 90%, 85%, 80%, 75%, 70%, 65%, 60%, 55%, 50%, 45%, 40%, and all DOI threshold values ​​between the aforementioned levels, as measured at an incident angle of 20° with respect to the normal. For example, the substrate 10 may exhibit DOIs of 87.5%, 85%, 82.5%, 80%, 77.5%, 75%, 72.5%, 70%, 67.5%, 65%, 62.5%, 60%, 57.5%, 55%, 52.5%, 50%, 47.5%, 45%, 42.5%, 40%, and all DOI values ​​between the aforementioned levels, as measured at an incident angle of 20° with respect to the normal.

[0074] As used herein, the terms “transmitted haze” and “haze” refer to the percentage of transmitted light scattered outwards at a pyramid of approximately ±2.5° according to ASTM D1003, entitled “Standard Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent Plastics,” the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. For optically smooth surfaces, transmitted haze is typically close to zero. Figure 1A and Figure 1B According to the described embodiment of the display article 100, such articles are characterized by a haze of less than 20%. Figure 1A and Figure 1BIn the illustrated embodiment of the display article 100, the substrate 10 can also exhibit transmittance haze of less than 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, and all haze threshold values ​​between the aforementioned levels, as measured at an incident angle of 0° to the normal. As an example, the substrate 10 can exhibit transmittance haze of 17%, 16%, 15%, 14%, 13%, 12%, 11%, 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, and all haze values ​​between the aforementioned levels, as measured at an incident angle of 0° to the normal.

[0075] according to Figure 1A and Figure 1B In some embodiments of the depicted display article 100, a reduction in specular reflectance (Rs) and absolute specular reflectance (%R) can be achieved in the diffraction surface region 30a of the substrate 10. As used herein, “specular reflectance (Rs)” is defined as the total reflected light from the first surface (e.g., main surface 12) of the substrate 10 within a cone angle of + / -0.1°, or as the peak intensity of light within this specular angle range. Furthermore, Rhopoint IQ Meter reports that for a flat glass with a refractive index of 1.567 and no back surface reflectance illuminated at an incident angle of 20°, the Rs value in gloss units is normalized to a maximum value of 100. Therefore, given that the glass has a first surface absolute specular reflectance (%R) of 4.91%, the Rs value in gloss units (GU) reported by Rhopoint IQ Meter can be converted to absolute specular reflectance (%R) by multiplying by a factor of 4.91 / 100. Therefore, embodiments of the display article 100 are configured such that these embodiments exhibit a reduced specular reflectance (Rs) or absolute specular reflectance (%R) by a factor of 2, 4, 5, or 10 or more compared to the same surface of a substrate without diffraction surface region 30a. In embodiments, the absolute specular reflectance (%R) of a first surface exhibited by the substrate 10 including the diffraction surface region 30a (e.g., a glass composition having a refractive index of about 1.51) is less than 2%, less than 1.5%, less than 1%, less than 0.8%, less than 0.6%, less than 0.5%, less than 0.4%, or even less than 0.25%, as measured at a wavelength between 450 nm and 650 nm at an incident angle of 20° to the normal.

[0076] Now for reference Figure 1C The display article 100 is described as having the same characteristics as... Figure 1A and Figure 1B The displayed display articles 100 have the same features and attributes, and components with the same number have substantially the same function and structure. Furthermore, Figure 1CThe depicted display article 100 employs an anti-reflective coating 60 disposed on the main surface 12 of the substrate 10 to further improve the anti-glare effect of the display article 100. In embodiments, such as Figure 1C The depicted display article 100 with antireflective coating 60 is particularly advantageous for end-use applications requiring transmittance and a certain degree of transmission scattering (e.g., advantageous for display devices including features that cause subsurface reflections, such as touch sensor layers, thin-film transistor layers, indium tin oxide layers, and other subsurface features). In embodiments, the antireflective coating 60 is configured as a multilayer antireflective coating or film structure prepared to achieve the anti-glare and optical properties of the article employing the antireflective coating. As an example, the antireflective coating 60 includes a plurality of alternating low-refractive-index layers 62 and high-refractive-index layers 64. In some embodiments, the antireflective coating 60 may have a total of three (3) to nine (9) layers, for example, a total of 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9 layers. Furthermore, each of the low-refractive-index layers 62 contains a refractive index less than or equal to about 1.8 and substantially the same as or greater than the refractive index of the substrate 10; and each of the high-refractive-index layers 64 contains a refractive index greater than 1.8. In this configuration, the absolute specular reflectance (%R) of the first surface that the display article 100 can exhibit is less than 0.5%, less than 0.4%, less than 0.3%, less than 0.2%, or even less than 0.1%, as measured at an incident angle of 0° to 20° with respect to the normal. Furthermore, according to some embodiments, the absolute specular reflectance (%R) of the first surface that the display article 100 can exhibit is less than 0.5%, less than 0.4%, less than 0.3%, less than 0.2%, or even less than 0.1%, as measured at one or more wavelengths between 450 nm and 650 nm at an incident angle of 0° to 20° with respect to the normal.

[0077] Through Figure 1C The anti-glare effect provided by adding the anti-reflective coating 60 to the displayed display product 100 should be approximately additive in a proportional sense. That is, Figure 1A and Figure 1B The diffraction surface region 30a of the displayed display article 100 can reduce the specular reflectivity of the main surface 12 of the substrate 10 by a factor of 10, and the addition of the anti-reflective coating 60 can further reduce the specular reflectivity by a factor of 10, thereby resulting in Figure 1C The specular reflectivity of the display article 100 is reduced by a factor of approximately 100. Therefore, according to some embodiments, it is believed that, according to Figure 1CThe configured display article 100 may display a first surface with an absolute specular reflectance (%R) of less than 0.1%, less than 0.08%, less than 0.06%, less than 0.05%, less than 0.04%, or even less than 0.025%, as measured at one or more wavelengths between 450 nm and 650 nm at an incident angle of 0° to 20° with respect to the normal.

[0078] In one exemplary implementation, such as Figure 1C As shown, the low refractive index layer 62 of the antireflective coating 60 is directly disposed on the diffraction surface region 30a of the main surface 12 of the substrate 10. Furthermore, according to... Figure 1C In the illustrated embodiment, the low refractive index layer 62 is disposed as the top layer of the display article 100, and the anti-reflective coating 60 has a total of five (5) layers, that is, a multilayer structure having five (5) low refractive index and high refractive index layers: 62 / 64 / 62 / 64 / 62. Suitable materials for the low refractive index layer 62 include: SiO2, Al2O3, GeO2, SiO2, etc. x AlO x N y SiO x N y SiAl y O x N y Suitable materials for high refractive index layer 64 include: Al2O3, AlO, and MgO. x N y SiO x N y SiAl y O x N y AlN, SiN xThe materials used include Si3N4, Nb2O5, Ta2O5, HfO2, TiO2, ZrO2, Y2O3, and diamond-like carbon. Furthermore, the thickness of each of the low-refractive-index layer 62 and the high-refractive-index layer 64 can range from about 1 nm to about 250 nm, and the total thickness of the anti-reflective coating 60 can range from about 5 nm to 3000 nm, 5 nm to 2500 nm, 5 nm to 2000 nm, 5 nm to 1500 nm, 5 nm to 1000 nm, 5 nm to 750 nm, 5 nm to 500 nm, 5 nm to 450 nm, 5 nm to 400 nm, 5 nm to 350 nm, 5 nm to 300 nm, 5 nm to 275 nm, and 5 nm to 260 nm. m, from 5nm to 250nm, from 100nm to 500nm, from 100nm to 400nm, from 100nm to 350nm, from 100nm to 300nm, from 100nm to 275nm, from 100nm to 250nm, from 200nm to 500nm, from 200nm to 400nm, from 200nm to 350nm, from 200nm to 300nm, from 200nm to 275nm, from 200nm to 250nm, from 250nm to 350nm, from 250nm to 340nm, and all thickness values ​​within the aforementioned ranges.

[0079] according to Figure 1C In some embodiments of the depicted display article 100, the anti-reflective coating 60 may be configured with a scratch-resistant layer. In some embodiments, the scratch-resistant layer may be the high refractive index layer 64 furthest from, in the middle of, or lowest from the substrate 10. In some embodiments, the scratch-resistant layer is the thickest high refractive index layer 64 in the anti-reflective coating 60, and may also contain Si3N4, SiN x and SiO x N y One of them. The scratch-resistant layer may also have a physical thickness ranging from 50nm to 2000nm, from 50nm to 1000nm, from 50nm to 500nm, from 50nm to 400nm, from 50nm to 300nm, from 50nm to 200nm, from 50nm to 150nm, from 75nm to 175nm, from 100nm to 160nm and all thickness values ​​within the aforementioned range.

[0080] according to Figure 1C In one embodiment of the depicted display article 100, the anti-reflective coating 60 can be configured with the designs listed in Table 1A below. In this embodiment, the anti-reflective coating 60 has a total thickness of 260.5 nm and employs SiO2 with a thickness of 105.9 nm. x N y The scratch-resistant layer of the composition.

[0081] Table 1A

[0082]

[0083] according to Figure 1C In another embodiment of the depicted display article 100, the anti-reflective coating 60 may be configured with the designs listed in Table 1B below. In this embodiment, the anti-reflective coating 60 has a total thickness of 338.4 nm and employs SiN with a thickness of 158.5 nm. x The scratch-resistant layer of the composition.

[0084] Table 1B

[0085]

[0086] according to Figure 1C In another embodiment of the depicted display article 100, the anti-reflective coating 60 can be configured with the designs listed in Table 1C below. In this embodiment, the anti-reflective coating 60 has a total thickness of 301.48 nm and employs SiN with a thickness of 135.0 nm. x The scratch-resistant layer of the composition.

[0087] Table 1C

[0088]

[0089] according to Figure 1C In another embodiment of the depicted display article 100, the anti-reflective coating 60 can be configured with the designs listed in Table 1D below. In this embodiment, the anti-reflective coating 60 has a total thickness of 295.5 nm and employs SiN with a thickness of 128.0 nm. x The scratch-resistant layer of the composition.

[0090] Table 1D

[0091]

[0092] Now for reference Figure 1D The display article 100 is described as having the same characteristics as... Figure 1C The display articles 100 shown have the same features and properties, and the elements with the same number have substantially the same function, structure and properties (unless otherwise indicated in the following sections). Figure 1D The depicted display article 100 employs an anti-reflective coating 60, which, in conjunction with... Figure 1C The coating 60 used in the product 100 is the same as or substantially similar to that used in the product, and is disposed on the main surface 12 of the substrate 10 to further improve the anti-glare effect of the display product 100. However, Figure 1DThe depicted display article 100 employs a roughened surface region 30b defined by the main surface 12 of the substrate 10, and... Figure 1C The diffracted surface region 30a used in the exhibited article 100 is opposite. Therefore, Figure 1D The anti-reflective coating 60 of the display article 100 shown is applied to the roughened surface region 30b.

[0093] Refer again Figure 1D The roughened surface region 30b includes a plurality of structural features 20. In some aspects, the roughened surface region 30b is a surface having randomly or semi-randomly formed structural features 20, which are formed by various etching and / or sandblasting processes pointing to the main surface 12 of the substrate 10, as understood by those skilled in the art. According to some embodiments, most of the structural features 20 of the roughened surface region 30b have lateral etched feature dimensions (i.e., XY dimensions), which range from 1 μm to 125 μm, 1 μm to 100 μm, 1 μm to 75 μm, 1 μm to 50 μm, 1 μm to 40 μm, 1 μm to 30 μm, 5 μm to 125 μm, 5 μm to 100 μm, 5 μm to 75 μm, 5 μm to 60 μm, 5 μm to 50 μm, 5 μm to 40 μm, 5 μm to 30 μm, 10 μm to 60 μm, 10 μm to 100 μm and lateral dimensions within the aforementioned ranges.

[0094] exist Figure 1D In the embodiment of the display article 100 shown, the roughened surface region 30b has an average surface roughness (RMS) varying from 20 nm to 2000 nm. q According to another embodiment, the roughened surface region 30b has an average surface roughness (R0) over the following RMS variation. q ): All surface roughness values ​​from 10nm to 2500nm, 10nm to 2000nm, 10nm to 1500nm, 20nm to 2500nm, 20nm to 2000nm, 20nm to 1500nm, 50nm to 2500nm, 50nm to 2000nm, 50nm to 1500nm, 50nm to 1000nm, 50nm to 500nm, 50nm to 250nm, 100nm to 2500nm, 100nm to 2000nm, 100nm to 1500nm, 100nm to 1000nm, 100nm to 500nm, 100nm to 250nm and the ranges above.

[0095] exist Figure 1DIn some embodiments of the displayed display article 100, the roughened surface region 30b can be described such that the structural features 20 of the roughened surface region 30b have a first average height and a second average height. The first average height corresponds to the average height of the peaks of the roughened surface region 30b, and the second average height corresponds to the depth of the grooves between the peaks. In this configuration, the difference between the first average height and the second average height of the roughened surface region 30b can range from 10 nm to 500 nm, 10 nm to 250 nm, 25 nm to 500 nm, 25 nm to 250 nm, 50 nm to 500 nm, 50 nm to 250 nm, 50 nm to 150 nm, 100 nm to 200 nm, 120 nm to 200 nm, and all height differences between the aforementioned ranges.

[0096] Refer again Figure 1D The display article 100 shown in this configuration exhibits a first surface average specular (or average light-sensitive specular) reflectance (%R) of less than 1%, 0.9%, 0.8%, 0.7%, 0.6%, 0.5%, less than 0.4%, less than 0.3%, less than 0.2%, or even less than 0.1%, as measured at any angle of incidence from about 5° to 20° with respect to the normal. Furthermore, according to some embodiments, the first surface average specular (or average light-sensitive specular) reflectance (%R) of the display article 100 exhibits is less than 1%, 0.9%, 0.8%, 0.7%, 0.6%, 0.5%, less than 0.4%, less than 0.3%, less than 0.2%, or even less than 0.1%, as measured at wavelengths from 450 nm to 650 nm at an angle of incidence from about 5° to 20° with respect to the normal.

[0097] According to some implementation methods Figure 1D The displayed display 100 can also exhibit less than 5% flicker, such as at an incident angle of 0° to the normal, through pixel power deviation (PPD). 140 )Measured. In some implementations, Figure 1D The display article 100 shown in the exemplary form can exhibit flicker levels of less than 5%, 4.5%, 4%, 3.5%, 3%, 2.5%, 2%, 1.5%, 1%, or 0.5%, as measured by pixel power deviation (PPD) at an incident angle of 0° to the normal. 140 )Measured. In some respects, Figure 1D The flicker level exhibited by the display article 100 is from 5% to 0.1%, from 5% to 0.5%, from 5% to 1%, and all flicker levels within the aforementioned range.

[0098] Refer again Figure 1DThe display article 100, according to some embodiments, can exhibit a transmittance haze value of less than 40%. In some embodiments, Figure 1D The display article 100 shown in the exemplary form can exhibit transmittance haze levels of less than 40%, 35%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, or 5%. In some embodiments, Figure 1D The display article 100 can display transmittance haze levels ranging from 50% to 1%, 50% to 5%, 40% to 1%, 40% to 5%, 30% to 1%, 30% to 5%, 20% to 1%, 20% to 5%, and all transmittance haze values ​​within the aforementioned ranges.

[0099] Figure 1D The displayed display article 100 can also exhibit an image distinctiveness (DOI) level of 80% or less, as measured at an incident angle of 20° to the normal. In some embodiments, Figure 1D The display articles 100 shown in the exemplary form can display a DOI level of less than 99%, 95%, 90%, 85%, 80%, 75%, 70%, 65%, 60%, or 55%, if measured at an incident angle of 20° to the normal. In some aspects, Figure 1D The display article 100 displays DOI levels ranging from 99% to 40%, from 99% to 50%, from 95% to 40%, from 95% to 50%, from 90% to 40%, from 90% to 50%, from 85% to 40%, from 85% to 50%, from 80% to 40%, and from 80% to 50%, as well as all DOI levels within the aforementioned ranges.

[0100] Figure 1D The display article 100 may also be characterized by various color properties. In some embodiments, the display article 100 exhibits an ambient contrast ratio of up to 60, up to 50, or up to 40, as measured in 1000 lux. In some embodiments, the display article 100 exhibits an ambient contrast ratio of up to 15, up to 12.5, up to 10, up to 7.5, up to 5, or up to 2.5, as measured in 100 incident lux. Figure 1D The depicted display articles 100 can display a color gamut level of at least 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60 or even higher at a direct contrast ratio of 100 lux. In some embodiments, the display articles 100 can display a color gamut level of at least 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90 or even higher at a contrast ratio around 1000 lux.

[0101] According to some implementation plans Figure 1D The displayed display article 100 exhibits a high degree of color neutrality. In some aspects, the display article 100 exhibits a first surface reflection color of less than 0.5, 0.25, 0.1, or 0.05 at each incident angle of 6° and 20° to the normal. 2 +b* 2 In some embodiments, the display article 100 may exhibit a first surface reflection color of less than 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 at all incident angles from 0° to 60° with respect to the normal. 2 +b* 2 According to some embodiments, the display article 100 can exhibit a color transmittance of less than 2, 1.5, 1, 0.9, 0.8, 0.7, 0.6, or 0.5 on two surfaces (i.e., through the two main surfaces 12, 14 of the substrate 10 and an anti-reflective coating 60 disposed on one of the surfaces 12, 14) under 0° incident light with a 2° acceptance angle. 2 +b* 2 )).

[0102] refer to Figure 1C and Figure 1D The depicted display article 100 may exhibit a maximum hardness of 8 GPa or greater, as measured by a Glasswell indenter hardness test along an indentation depth of 50 nm or greater on the air-side surface 61 of the antireflective coating 60. In some embodiments, the display article 100 may exhibit a maximum hardness level of 8 GPa, 9 GPa, 10 GPa, 11 GPa, 12 GPa, 13 GPa, 14 GPa, 15 GPa, 16 GPa, 17 GPa, 18 GPa, 19 GPa, 20 GPa or higher, as measured by a Glasswell indenter hardness test along an indentation depth of 50 nm or greater, or 100 nm or greater.

[0103] Now for reference Figure 1E The display article 100 is described as having the same characteristics as... Figure 1C and Figure 1D The display articles 100 shown have the same properties, and the components with the same number have substantially the same function, structure and properties (unless otherwise indicated in the following sections). Figure 1E The depicted display article 100 employs an anti-reflective coating 60, which, in conjunction with... Figure 1C and Figure 1D The coating 60 used in the product 100 is the same as or substantially similar to that used in the product, and is disposed on the main surface 12 of the substrate 10 to further improve the anti-glare effect of the display product 100. Furthermore, Figure 1EThe depicted display article 100 employs a textured surface region 31 defined by the main surface 12 of the substrate 10. Therefore, Figure 1D The antireflective coating 60 of the displayed display article 100 is disposed on a textured surface region 31. More specifically, the textured surface region 31 includes a diffraction surface region 30a (see...). Figures 1A to 1C ), roughened surface region 30b (see Figure 1D Other textured or roughened main surfaces of the substrate 10 used in the display article 100 of this disclosure.

[0104] exist Figure 1E In the embodiment of the display article 100 shown, the textured surface region 31 has an average texture height (R0) ranging from 20 nm to 2000 nm. text According to another embodiment, the textured surface region 30b has an average texture height (R) within the following range. text ): All texture height values ​​from 10nm to 2500nm, 10nm to 2000nm, 10nm to 1500nm, 20nm to 2500nm, 20nm to 2000nm, 20nm to 1500nm, 50nm to 2500nm, 50nm to 2000nm, 50nm to 1500nm, 50nm to 1000nm, 50nm to 500nm, 50nm to 250nm, 100nm to 2500nm, 100nm to 2000nm, 100nm to 1500nm, 100nm to 1000nm, 100nm to 500nm, 100nm to 250nm, and the aforementioned ranges. Furthermore, for the textured surface region 31 including the roughened surface region 30b (e.g., produced by etching and / or sandblasting processes), R text The average surface roughness (R) of structural feature 20 in the roughened surface region 30b can be defined as the roughness of the surface. q ), and reported in root-mean-square (RMS) nanometers. For a textured surface region 31 comprising a diffracted surface region 30a as described in this disclosure, R text Defined as the average height difference between two heights or depths of a structural feature 20 (e.g., a pillar, a hole, etc.) associated with a diffracting surface region.

[0105] Refer again Figures 1A to 1EThe substrate 10 of the display article 100 may be configured with a multi-component glass composition having about 40 mol% to 80 mol% silicon dioxide and a balance of one or more other components, such as aluminum oxide, calcium oxide, sodium oxide, boron oxide, etc. In some embodiments, the overall composition of the substrate 10 is selected from the group consisting of aluminosilicate glass, borosilicate glass, and phosphosilicate glass. In other embodiments, the overall composition of the substrate 10 is selected from the group consisting of aluminosilicate glass, borosilicate glass, phosphosilicate glass, soda-lime glass, alkaline aluminosilicate glass, and alkaline aluminoborosilicate glass. In further embodiments, the substrate 10 is a glass-based substrate, including but not limited to glass-ceramic materials containing about 90% by weight or more of a glass component and a ceramic component. In other embodiments of the display article 100, the substrate 10 may be a polymer material having durability and mechanical properties suitable for the development and retention of the diffraction surface region 30a.

[0106] exist Figures 1A to 1E In one embodiment of the depicted display article 100, the substrate 10 has an integral composition comprising an alkaline aluminosilicate glass comprising alumina, at least one alkali metal, and in some embodiments greater than 50 mol% SiO2, in other embodiments at least 58 mol% SiO2, and in still other embodiments at least 60 mol% SiO2, wherein the ratio (Al2O3 (mol%) + B2O3 (mol%)) / ∑alkali metal modifier (mol%) > 1, wherein the modifier is an alkali metal oxide. In a particular embodiment, the glass comprises, is essentially composed of, or consists of: about 58 mol% to about 72 mol% of SiO2; about 9 mol% to about 17 mol% of Al2O3; about 2 mol% to about 12 mol% of B2O3; about 8 mol% to about 16 mol% of Na2O; and 0 mol% to about 4 mol% of K2O, wherein the ratio (Al2O3 (mol%) + B2O3 (mol%)) / ∑ alkali metal modifier (mol%) > 1, wherein the modifier is an alkali metal oxide.

[0107] In another embodiment of the display article 100, such as Figures 1A to 1EAs shown, the substrate 10 has an integral composition comprising an alkaline aluminosilicate glass comprising, essentially comprising, or consisting of: about 61 mol% to about 75 mol% SiO2; about 7 mol% to about 15 mol% Al2O3; 0 mol% to about 12 mol% B2O3; about 9 mol% to about 21 mol% Na2O; 0 mol% to about 4 mol% K2O; 0 mol% to about 7 mol% MgO; and 0 mol% to about 3 mol% CaO.

[0108] In yet another embodiment, the substrate 10 has an integral composition comprising an alkaline aluminosilicate glass containing, substantially comprising, or consisting of: about 60 mol% to about 70 mol% SiO2; about 6 mol% to about 14 mol% Al2O3; 0 mol% to about 15 mol% B2O3; 0 mol% to about 15 mol% Li2O; 0 mol% to about 20 mol% Na2O; 0 mol% to about 10 mol% K2O; 0 mol% to about 8 mol% MgO; 0 mol% to about 10 mol% CaO; 0 mol% to about 5 mol% ZrO2; 0 mol% to about 1 mol% SnO2; 0 mol% to about 1 mol% CeO2; less than about 50 ppm As2O3; and less than about 50 ppm Sb₂O₃; wherein 12 mol% ≦ Li₂O + Na₂O + K₂O ≦ 20 mol% and 0 mol% ≦ MgO + Ca ≦ 10 mol%.

[0109] In yet another embodiment, the substrate 10 has an integral composition comprising an alkaline aluminosilicate glass, which comprises, is essentially composed of, or is composed of: about 64 mol% to about 68 mol% SiO2; about 12 mol% to about 16 mol% Na2O; about 8 mol% to about 12 mol% Al2O3; 0 mol% to about 3 mol% B2O3; 2 mol% to about 5 mol% K2O; 4 mol% to about 6 mol% MgO; and 0 mol% MgO. CaO of approximately 1 mol% to 5 mol%, wherein: 66 mol% ≤ SiO2+B2O3+CaO ≤ 69 mol%; Na2O+K2O+B2O3+MgO+CaO+SrO > 10 mol%; 5 mol% ≤ MgO+CaO+SrO ≤ 8 mol%; (Na2O+B2O3)—Al2O3 ≤ 2 mol%; 2 mol% ≤ Na2O—Al2O3 ≤ 6 mol%; and 4 mol% ≤ (Na2O+K2O)—Al2O3 ≤ 10 mol%.

[0110] In other embodiments, the substrate 10 has an integral composition comprising SiO2, Al2O3, P2O5, and at least one alkali metal oxide (R2O), wherein 0.75 > [(P2O5(mol%) + R2O(mol%)) / M2O3(mol%)] ≤ 1.2, and M2O3 ═ Al2O3 + B2O3. In some embodiments, [(P2O5(mol%) + R2O(mol%)) / M2O3(mol%)] = 1, and in some embodiments, the glass does not contain B2O3, and M2O 3═ Al2O3. In some embodiments, the substrate 10 comprises: about 40 mol% to about 70 mol% SiO2; 0 mol% to about 28 mol% B2O3; about 0 mol% to about 28 mol% Al2O3; about 1 mol% to about 14 mol% P2O5; and about 12 mol% to about 16 mol% R2O. In some embodiments, the glass substrate comprises: about 40 mol% to about 64 mol% SiO2; 0 mol% to about 8 mol% B2O3; about 16 mol% to about 28 mol% Al2O3; about 2 mol% to about 12 mol% P2O5; and about 12 mol% to about 16 mol% R2O. The substrate 10 may further comprise at least one alkaline earth metal oxide, such as, but not limited to, MgO or CaO.

[0111] In some embodiments, the substrate 10 has a substantially lithium-free overall composition; that is, the glass contains less than 1 mol% Li₂O, and in other embodiments less than 0.1 mol% Li₂O, and in still other embodiments 0.01 mol% Li₂O, and in yet another embodiment 0 mol% Li₂O. In some embodiments, such glass is free of at least one of arsenic, antimony, and barium; that is, the glass contains less than 1 mol% As₂O₃, Sb₂O₃, and / or BaO, and in other embodiments less than 0.1 mol% As₂O₃, Sb₂O₃, and / or BaO, and in yet another embodiment 0 mol% As₂O₃, Sb₂O₃, and / or BaO.

[0112] exist Figures 1A to 1E In other embodiments of the depicted display article 100, the substrate 10 has an integral composition comprising, essentially composed of, or composed of glass components, such as... Eagle glass glass Glass 2, Glass 3 Glass 4 or Glass 5.

[0113] According to other implementation methods Figures 1A to 1E The substrate 10 of the depicted display article 100 may have an ion-exchangeable glass composition strengthened by chemical or thermal means known in the art. In one embodiment, the substrate 10 is chemically strengthened by ion exchange. In this process, metal ions at or near the main surface 12 and / or main surface 14 of the substrate 10 are exchanged for larger metal ions having the same valence as the metal ions in the glass substrate. The exchange is typically performed by contacting the substrate 10 with an ion exchange medium, such as, for example, a molten salt bath containing larger metal ions. The metal ions are typically monovalent metal ions, such as, for example, alkali metal ions. In a non-limiting example, the chemical strengthening of the substrate 10 containing sodium ions by ion exchange is accomplished by immersing the substrate 10 in an ion exchange bath containing a molten potassium salt such as potassium nitrate (KNO3) or the like. In a particular embodiment, the ions and larger ions in the surface layer of the substrate 10 are monovalent alkali metal cations, such as Li + (when present in glass), Na + K + 、Rb + and Cs + Alternatively, the monovalent cations in the surface layer of substrate 10 can be monovalent cations other than alkali metal cations, such as Ag. + Or a similar alternative.

[0114] exist Figures 1A to 1E In these embodiments of the depicted display article 100, during the ion exchange process, larger metal ions replace smaller metal ions, creating a compressive stress region 50 under compressive stress in the substrate 10, extending to a certain depth 52 (referred to as "layer depth") with an autonomous surface 12. It should also be understood that an autonomous surface 14, substantially equivalent to the compressive stress region 50, extending to a certain depth (not within the compressive stress region 50) can be formed in the glass substrate. Figures 1A to 1E The compressive stress region is shown in the diagram. More specifically, this compressive stress at the main surface 14 of the glass substrate is balanced by tensile stress (also known as “central tension”) within the glass substrate. In some embodiments, when enhanced by ion exchange, the main surface 12 of the substrate 10 described herein has a compressive stress of at least 350 MPa, and the region under compressive stress extends to a depth 52 of at least 15 μm below the main surface 12, i.e., the layer depth.

[0115] Ion exchange processes are typically performed by immersing a substrate 10 in a molten salt bath containing larger ions to be exchanged with smaller ions in the glass. Those skilled in the art will understand that the parameters of the ion exchange process are typically determined by the glass composition, the desired layer depth, and the compressive stress of the glass as a result of the strengthening operation. These parameters include, but are not limited to, the bath composition and temperature, immersion time, the number of immersions of the glass in the salt bath (or multiple baths), the use of various salt baths, additional steps such as annealing, washing, and the like. For example, ion exchange of alkali metal glasses can be achieved by immersion in at least one molten salt containing salts such as, but not limited to, nitrates, sulfates, and chlorides of larger alkali metal ions. The temperature of the molten salt bath is typically in the range of about 380°C to up to about 450°C, and the immersion time ranges from about 15 minutes to up to about 16 hours. However, temperatures and immersion times different from those described above may also be used. When this type of ion exchange treatment is used together with a substrate 10 having an alkaline aluminosilicate glass composition, a compressive stress region 50 is generated, which has a depth 52 (layer depth) ranging from about 10 μm to at least 50 μm, a compressive stress ranging from about 200 MPa to at most about 800 MPa, and a center tension of less than about 100 MPa.

[0116] According to some implementation methods, since it can be used to create Figures 1A to 1E The etching process of the diffracted surface region 30a, roughened surface region 30b, and textured surface region 31 of the displayed display article 100 can remove alkali metal ions from the substrate 10 that would otherwise be replaced by larger alkali metal ions during the ion exchange process. Therefore, the compressive stress region 50 is preferably developed in the display article 100 after the formation and development of the diffracted surface region 30a, roughened surface region 30b, and textured surface region 31. In other embodiments, the compressive stress region 50 of depth 52 can be developed in the substrate 10 before the development of the diffracted surface region 30a, roughened surface region 30b, and textured surface region 31. This depth 52 is sufficient to compensate for some loss of layer depth in region 50 associated with the various processes associated with the formation of these regions, as summarized below. Alternatively, the diffracted surface region 30a, roughened surface region 30b, and textured surface region 31 can be created by an additive or coating process instead of a substrate etching process. In this case, it may be necessary to develop the compressive stress region 50 before this additive or coating process.

[0117] according to Figures 1A to 1EAnother embodiment of the depicted display article 100 may further include an easy-to-clean (ETC) coating (not shown) disposed over the diffracted surface region 30a, the roughened surface region 30b, and the textured surface region 31. In most embodiments, the ETC coating is deposited over regions 30a, 30b, and 31 such that the surface morphology of the ETC coating generally reflects the underlying morphology of regions 30a, 30b, and 31. In one embodiment, the display article 100 further includes a stain-resistant fluorine-based ETC coating disposed over at least a portion of regions 30a, 30b, and 31. In an embodiment, the ETC coating comprises at least one amphiphilic substance having a fluorine-termining group to provide regions 30a, 30b, and 31 with amphiphilicity (i.e., hydrophobic and oleophobic, lacking affinity for oil and water), thereby minimizing the wetting of the surface by water and / or oil. The polarity of the fluorine-termining groups in the ETC coating is less than that of the surface with -OH-termining groups, and therefore hydrogen (i.e., van der Waals) bonding between particles and liquid is minimized. Bonding and adhesion are minimized for fingerprint oil and debris associated with fingerprints. Therefore, the mass transport of fingerprint oil and debris from the human finger to the ETC coating is minimized. In one embodiment, the ETC coating is formed by exchanging the hydrogen found in the terminating OH groups on the diffraction surface region 30a of the display article 100 with a fluorine-based portion, such as, for example, a fluorinated monomer (e.g., fluorosilane), to form a glass with terminal fluorinated groups.

[0118] In another implementation, Figures 1A to 1E The depicted display article 100 has an ETC coating comprising a self-assembled monolayer of fluorine-terminated molecular chains. In yet another embodiment, the ETC coating comprises a thin fluoropolymer coating, and in still another embodiment, the ETC coating comprises silica soot particles treated to have fluorocarbon side groups attached to the soot particles. Such ETC coatings can be applied to the diffracted surface region 30a of the display article 100 by dip coating, vapor coating, spraying, roller application, or other suitable methods known in the art. After the ETC coating has been applied, it can be “cured” at a temperature ranging from about 25°C to up to about 150°C, and in another embodiment, at a temperature ranging from about 40°C to up to about 100°C. The curing time can range from about 1 hour to up to about 4 hours, and curing can be carried out in an atmosphere containing 40% to 95% moisture. After curing, the display article 100 with the ETC coating can be rinsed with a solvent before use to remove any unbonded coating.

[0119] Refer again Figures 1A to 1CThe depicted display article 100 is configured such that the diffracted surface region 30a includes a plurality of structural features 20 having first partial structural features 22a, 22a' and second partial structural features 22b, 22b'. Furthermore, the first partial structural features 22a (e.g., pillars) and 22a' (e.g., holes) may be defined by a pitch 42a of less than 125 μm, and the second partial structural features 22b, 22b' may be defined by a pitch 42b that is substantially the same as or different from the pitch 42a (see [link to documentation]). Figure 1A The second structural features 22b, 22b' (e.g., ligaments, platform) may be defined by a pitch 42b less than 125 μm, and the pitch 42a may be substantially the same as or different from the pitch 42b. Furthermore, as used herein, the pitch 42a of the first structural features 22a, 22a' and the pitch 42b of the second structural features 22b, 22b' are the pitch values ​​of these features, as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. Therefore, the pitch 42a of the first structural features 22a, 22a' and / or the pitch 42b of the second structural features 22b, 22b' may be less than 125 μm, 110 μm, 100 μm, 90 μm, 80 μm, 70 μm, 60 μm, 50 μm, 40 μm, 30 μm, 20 μm, and all pitch values ​​between these upper thresholds of pitch values. In the implementation, the pitches 42a and 42b may have a lower threshold, for example, the pitch value may be greater than about 2 micrometers, greater than 5 micrometers, or greater than 10 micrometers.

[0120] Refer again Figures 1A to 1C The depicted display article 100 is configured such that the fill fraction of the first partial structural features 22a, 22a' (e.g., pillars or holes) or the second partial structural features 22b, 22b' (e.g., ligaments or platforms) is from about 30% to 70%, while the fill fraction of another part (i.e., 22a, 22a' or 22b, 22b') is 100% minus the fill fraction of the first part 22a, 22a' or the second part 22b, 22b'. Therefore, the first partial structural features 22a, 22a' or the second partial structural features 22b, 22b' of the diffracted surface region 30a can be arranged in a fill fraction configuration from about 30% to 70%, from about 35% to 65%, from about 40% to 60%, or from about 40% to 55%. For example, the first portions 22a, 22a' or the second portions 22b, 22b' can be configured within the diffraction surface region 30a such that they have fill fractions of 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, and all fill fractions between the aforementioned values.

[0121] Still referencing Figures 1A to 1CThe depicted display article 100 has a diffracted surface region 30a assembled within the main surface 12 of a substrate 10 such that each of the plurality of structural features 20 (e.g., first portions 22a, 22a' and second portions 22b, 22b') has a diameter 32a, 32b of less than 100 μm. Furthermore, as used herein, the diameter 32a of the first portion structural features 22a, 22a' and the diameter 32b of the second portion structural features 22b, 22b' represent the effective diameter or longest width dimension of these features at their full width-height maximum (FWHM), as commonly understood by those skilled in the art. Therefore, the pitch 32a of the first structural features 22a, 22a' and / or the diameter 32b of the second structural features 22b, 22b' can be less than 100μm, 90μm, 80μm, 70μm, 60μm, 50μm, 40μm, 30μm, 20μm, 10μm and all diameter values ​​smaller than the aforementioned diameters.

[0122] according to Figures 1A to 1C In some embodiments of the depicted display article 100, the diffraction surface region 30a is configured such that each of the structural features 20 has an aspect ratio greater than 10. Unless otherwise indicated, the aspect ratio of each of the structural features 20 (e.g., first partial structural features 22a, 22a' and second partial structural features 22b, 22b') is given by dividing the average diameter 32a, 32b by the respective average height 24a, 24b. In some embodiments, the aspect ratio of the structural features 20 of the diffraction surface region 30a is greater than 10, greater than 20, greater than 50, or greater than 100. For example, the first partial structural features 22a, 22a' having an average diameter 32a of 20 μm and an average height 24a of 0.2 μm corresponds to an aspect ratio of 100. More generally, the diffraction surface region 30a with such aspect ratios is characterized by being substantially flat or planar, as observed under ambient illumination, at least without any magnification aids.

[0123] according to Figures 1A to 1CIn some embodiments of the displayed display article, the structural feature 20 of the diffractive surface region 30a can be configured according to a period 47 to achieve anti-glare properties. In some embodiments of the display article 100, the structural feature 20 of the diffractive surface region 30a is configured with a period 47, which ranges from 1 μm to 200 μm, from 5 μm to 200 μm, from 5 μm to 150 μm, from 5 μm to 100 μm, from 5 μm to 50 μm, from 5 μm to 30 μm, from 20 μm to 150 μm, from 20 μm to 100 μm, from 10 μm to 30 μm, from 10 μm to 20 μm, and all period values ​​between the aforementioned ranges. For example, structural feature 20 can be configured with a relatively large period 47 on the order of about 100 μm (e.g., from about 70 μm to 200 μm) for end-use applications of display article 100, such as in applications with specific DOI targets, where the display article 100 benefits from maximizing a scattered light component close to 0.3°. Such DOI targets may require a scattered light component at or close to 0.3° with respect to the specular reflection direction, which can be enhanced by a relatively large structural feature 20. For end-use applications of display article 100 with less stringent DOI requirements, a smaller structural feature 20 with a period 47 ranging from about 5 μm to 30 μm may be desirable, and according to some embodiments, the period 47 is semi-randomized to minimize color and / or moiré artifacts. The level and type of feature randomization in the XY dimensions may be important for achieving low PPD while also minimizing other display artifacts such as moiré or banding. In other words, conventional, perfectly ordered grating-like structures are not preferred for the articles of manufacture disclosed herein. Structural features 20, ranging from approximately 5 μm to 30 μm, can influence the DOI and can be designed to achieve DOI values, for example, below 90 or below 80; therefore, it is not necessary to have large structural features 20 to have any influence on the DOI. The randomization of structural features 20 at period 47 can be characterized by variations in nearest neighbor distances within a distribution range, which can be limited to 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, or 1.5 times the minimum or average distance. These smaller periods 47 can still effectively suppress specular reflections, but it is believed that further reduction of artifacts, such as flicker (i.e., as seen through PPD), is needed in display shield applications. 140 (Measured). In some implementations, the period 47 can be configured to range from 5 μm to 30 μm, from 10 μm to 30 μm, and from 10 μm to 20 μm, which can reduce the DOI to less than 90 or even less than 80 while still maintaining the desired low flicker level.

[0124] Now for reference Figure 2 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of the diffraction anti-glare structure is provided. For example... Figure 2The schematic diagram illustrates the principle of diffraction in surface region 30a. The optical modeling calculations were performed using a commercial software suite. It was carried out. The kit employs rigorous coupled-wave analysis to find solutions to Maxwell's equation, which controls the optical performance of the diffraction grating. This is done within the context of developing the diffraction surface region 30a. The software can be applied to, for example Figure 2 The linear rectangular diffraction anti-glare structure shown. Note that... Figure 2 The rectangular nature of the exhibited diffraction anti-glare structure deviates from structural feature 20 of the diffraction surface region 30a, because structural feature 20 can include pillars, holes, platforms, polygons, and other discrete non-rectangular shapes. However, in Figure 2 The calculations performed on the illustrated diagram demonstrate the trend and provide useful data in defining the structural feature 20 of the diffracted surface region 30a, consistent with the principles of this disclosure. It is worth noting that, as... Figure 2 The modeled diffraction anti-glare structure exhibits a 20 μm period and is integrated within the surface of a glass substrate with a refractive index of 1.518 at 550 nm. Furthermore, as shown... Figure 2 As shown, incident light at a wavelength of 550 nm is directed at the diffraction anti-glare structure at an incident angle of 20 degrees. To obtain optimal anti-glare properties, it is usually necessary to suppress zero-order reflected light (i.e., specular light).

[0125] Now for reference Figure 3A and Figure 3B The diffraction efficiencies for reflection and transmission are provided respectively. Figure 2 A plot of the structural depth of the depicted diffraction anti-glare structure. These plots are from... Software development. For example... Figure 3A The demonstrated diffraction anti-glare structure has a period of 20 μm, and the structure depth ranges from 0 μm to 0.5 μm. Furthermore, as shown... Figure 3A The diagram shows plots from the zeroth to the fifth order (i.e., m = 0 to 5). Notably, the zeroth-order curve represents the amplitude of specular reflectance and, as shown, is suppressed to near 0% at a structural depth of 0.14 μm to 0.15 μm. Furthermore, compared to flat glass with a structural depth of approximately 0.12 μm to 0.17 μm, corresponding to about 1 / 4 of the wavelength of light in air, the specular reflectance is suppressed by a factor of 10. A second minimum of specular reflectance is observed at a structural depth of 3 / 4 of the wavelength. Figure 3B What is shown provides a connection with Figure 2 and Figure 3AThe amplitude of the transmission diffraction order of the same structure is shown. For display applications, it may be necessary to maximize the zeroth order, i.e., specular transmittance. At a structural depth of approximately 0.15 μm, the specular transmittance is 78% greater than that of flat glass, which is also the optimal depth for minimizing specular reflectivity. In a preferred embodiment, the total transmittance (considering all angles) remains close to the value of flat glass, and most of the scattered light in the transmission is within 10 or 5 degrees of the specular direction.

[0126] Now for reference Figures 4A to 4C The diffraction efficiencies for reflection at 15%, 30%, and 70% fill fractions are provided as... Figure 2 A plot of the structural depth as a function of the depicted diffraction anti-glare structure. It is noteworthy that diffraction structures with fill fractions of 15%, 30%, and 70% do not allow the zero-order (specular) reflectivity to decrease to zero. This suggests that for simple bimodal height, single-material structures like these, a better fill fraction is closer to 50%, or in the range of 35% to 65%, such as... Figure 2 The model and depiction.

[0127] Now for reference Figure 5 It provides the diffraction efficiency of reflection at different incident light wavelengths as... Figure 2 A plot depicting the structural depth of the diffraction-resistant anti-glare surface as a function. Specifically, this plot illustrates the effect of the incident light wavelength, particularly at the zeroth order, on specular reflection suppression. Although the optimal structural depth varies with wavelength, as... Figure 5 As shown, a single structure depth close to the first quarter-wavelength minimum (arrow) can successfully achieve a 10-fold reduction in specular reflectivity across all visible light wavelengths from 450 nm to 650 nm. This demonstrates that using methods such as... Figure 2 The modeled basic diffraction anti-glare structure with dual-mode surface height distribution is feasible for broadband suppression of specular reflectivity in the visible light range.

[0128] Refer again Figures 2 to 5 These figures generally provide guidance for configuring display articles 100 to maximize specular transmittance while minimizing specular reflectance. Furthermore, these figures illustrate how the depth of the diffraction anti-glare structure (e.g., as a general basis for the diffraction surface region 30a) affects specular reflectance. As previously noted, Figure 2 The modeled linear diffraction anti-glare structure and Figures 1A to 1C The diffraction surface region 30a of the displayed display article 100 differs because the latter contains multiple structural features 20 arranged in an ordered or semi-ordered array, such as pillars, holes, polygons, and other discrete features. However, given that Figures 2 to 5The modeling of the basic diffraction structure shown has the height or depth of the structural feature 20 of the diffraction surface region 30a preferably maintained within the range of 50nm to 250nm, 75nm to 225nm, 100nm to 200nm, 120nm to 190nm, or 140nm to 190nm.

[0129] More generally, once the desired structure of surface region 30a is defined, the two-dimensional array structural feature 20 of diffracting surface region 30a can be fabricated using a variety of processes, such as optical flat printing (mask), inkjet printing, laser patterning, and / or screen printing. The choice of process depends on the resolution of structural feature 20 (e.g., in terms of diameter and / or pitch) and the technical capabilities of a given process. In some embodiments, once the structural parameters of surface region 30a (e.g., pillars or holes, average height, pitch, diameter, period, etc.) are defined, the design can be converted into a computer-aided design (CAD) file, and this CAD file can then be used in conjunction with any of the aforementioned processes to transfer the design to substrate 10 to create 'dedicated' diffracting surface region 30a.

[0130] Now for reference Figure 6 It provides a means of manufacturing display products (i.e., Figures 1A to 1C A schematic flowchart of a method 200 for display article 100 shown and described. Method 200 includes: step 202 of masking a substrate 10 including a thickness 13 and a main surface 12 with a mask; step 204 of forming a diffraction surface region 30a within or on the main surface 12 of the substrate 10; and step 206 of removing the mask from the substrate 10. The final result of method 200 is display article 100, such as... Figure 1A and Figure 1B As depicted. In Figure 6 In other embodiments of the illustrated method 200, steps 202 and 206 involving masks are not used; instead, step 204 is performed to form a roughened surface region 30b within or on the main surface 12 of the substrate 10. The final result of this embodiment of method 200 is, for example, as follows: Figure 1D The depicted display product 100.

[0131] In some implementations... Figure 6 The method 200 shown further includes: forming an anti-glare coating 60 over the diffraction surface region 30a or the roughened surface region 30b to define the display article 100 (see [link]). Figure 1C and Figure 1DStep 208. In the previous embodiment, the diffracted surface region 30a includes a plurality of structural features 20, which include a plurality of different heights distributed in a multi-mode pattern. Furthermore, the multi-mode distribution further includes first partial structural features 22a, 22a' at a first average height 24a and second partial structural features 22b, 22b' at a second average height 24b. Additionally, the substrate 10 manufactured according to method 200 exhibits the characteristics of passing through a PPD at an incident angle of 0° with the normal. 140 The measured scintillation was less than 4%, the DOI was less than 80% at an incident angle of 20° to the normal, and the transmittance haze was less than 20% at an incident angle of 0° to the normal.

[0132] according to Figure 6 The depicted manufacturing of display article 100 (see Figures 1A to 1C In some embodiments of method 200 (as described previously), step 202 of masking substrate 10 may include one or more of screen printing masking, inkjet printing masking, and photoresist masking. In some embodiments, step 204 of forming the diffraction surface region 30a includes etching the main surface 12 of substrate 10 through a mask to form the diffraction surface region 30a, wherein each structural feature is a hole at a depth from 50 nm to 250 nm. Step 204 may be performed, for example, by etching substrate 10 containing a glass composition using an HF / HNO3 etchant. In embodiments, the wet etching solution used in step 204 may consist of a combination of hydrofluoric acid (HF, 49 w / w%) and nitric acid (HNO3, 69 w / w%) with 0.1 v / v% to 5 v / v% of HF and 0.1 v / v% to 5 v / v% of HNO3. Typical concentrations used to achieve etch depths from 100 nm to 250 nm are 0.1 v / v% HF / 1 v / v% HNO3 to 0.5 v / v% HF / 1 v / v% HNO3 solutions. For example, the etching in step 204 can be performed using an immersion or spray etching process from room temperature to approximately 45°C. In other embodiments, step 204, forming the diffracted surface region 30a, may include depositing a film on the main surface 12 of the substrate 10 through a mask (e.g., by sputtering, evaporation, or chemical vapor deposition) to form the diffracted surface region 30a, wherein each structural feature is a hole at a depth from 50 nm to 250 nm. The diffracted surface region 30a may also be formed by masking combined with 'dry etching', plasma-based etching, reactive ion etching, or other vacuum-based etching methods. In some embodiments, such a film may be deposited together with a liquid silicon dioxide layer or other oxide layer through a mask, followed by mask removal and stripping.

[0133] The articles 100 disclosed herein (e.g., such as...) Figures 1C to 1EThe following (as shown) can be incorporated into an article of apparatus, such as an article of apparatus having a display (or a display device article) (e.g., consumer electronic products, including mobile phones, tablet computers, computers, navigation systems, wearable devices (e.g., watches) and the like), augmented reality displays, head-up displays, glass-based displays, building installation articles, transportation installation articles (e.g., automobiles, trains, airplanes, ships, etc.), electrical installation articles, or any article of apparatus benefiting from a certain transparency, scratch resistance, abrasion resistance, or a combination thereof. Exemplary article of apparatus incorporated into any of the articles disclosed herein (e.g., with...) Figures 1C to 1E The depicted product is 100% identical to the one shown. Figure 18A and Figure 18B In China. Specifically, Figure 18A and Figure 18B A consumer electronic device 1800 is shown, comprising: a housing 1802 having a front surface 1804, a back surface 1806, and a side surface 1808; electronic components (not shown) at least partially or entirely located within the housing and including at least a controller, memory, and a display 1810 located on or adjacent to the front surface of the housing; and a shield substrate 1812 located on or above the front surface of the housing such that it is positioned above the display. In some embodiments, the shield substrate 1812 may include any of the articles of manufacture disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a portion of the housing or at least one of the shield glass comprises articles of manufacture disclosed herein.

[0134] Example

[0135] The following examples illustrate the various features and advantages provided in this disclosure, and are in no way intended to limit the invention and the appended claims.

[0136] Example 1

[0137] General Reference Figures 7A to 7D The diffractive surface region structure exhibited by these images is developed using a photomask / optical lithography process. In this case, a photosensitive polymer (i.e., photoresist) is exposed and developed to form a three-dimensional relief image on a substrate (e.g., substrate 10). Generally, an ideal photoresist image has a precise shape in the substrate plane with a designed or intended pattern, where vertical walls penetrate the thickness of the resist (<3 μm for spin-coated resists, <20 μm for dry film resists, and <15 μm for screen-coated photoresists). During exposure, the final resist pattern is binary, with portions of the substrate covered by resist while other portions remain completely uncovered. Figure 6The typical sequence of steps in the photolithography process described in Method 200 is as follows: substrate preparation (cleaning and dehydration, followed by the application of an adhesion promoter such as hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) to a spin-coated resist), photoresist spin coating, pre-baking, exposure and development (i.e., step 202), followed by a wet etching process to transfer the binary image onto the glass (i.e., step 204). The final step is to strip the resist after the resist pattern has been transferred to the underlying layer (i.e., step 206). In some cases, post-baking and post-exposure baking steps are required to ensure resist adhesion during the wet etching process.

[0138] Now for reference Figures 7A to 7D Optical micrographs of the diffracted surface regions of an aluminosilicate glass substrate prepared according to this example are provided, wherein the preferred etching depth of the holes is in the range of 100 nm to 250 nm. These diffracted surface regions are prepared by a photomask process followed by an etching process. More specifically, for preparing... Figures 7A to 7D The wet etching solution for the sample consisted of hydrofluoric acid (HF, 49 w / w%) and nitric acid (HNO3, 69 w / w%), with 0.1 v / v% to 5 v / v% HF and 0.1 v / v% to 5 v / v% HNO3. In this example, the concentrations used to achieve etching depths from 100 nm to 250 nm ranged from 0.1 v / v% HF / 1 v / v% HNO3 to 0.5 v / v% HF / 1 v / v% HNO3. Figure 7A and Figure 7B The structural features of a two-dimensional (2D) ordered array of diffracted surface regions at two spatial frequencies are shown: (a) a structural feature with a diameter of 12 μm and a pitch of 17 μm. Figure 7A (a) (referred to as the "12-17" array); and (b) a structural feature with a diameter of 25 μm and a pitch of 50 μm (referred to as the "25-50" array). The surfaces of the ordered arrays are designed using hexagonal or square filling arrays, with the fill fraction varying from 20% to 50%. Furthermore, Figure 7C and Figure 7D 2D array structural features of diffracted surface regions with random filling structures at two spatial frequencies: (a) 50 μm structural feature diameter with a minimum pitch of 60 μm ( Figure 7C (a) (referred to as the “50-60” array); and (b) a 12 μm structural feature diameter with a minimum pitch of 14 μm (referred to as the “12-14” array).

[0139] Now for reference Figure 8 Based on this example, a plot of the etch depth as a function of the etch time for two structural features forming the diffracted surface region is provided. In this example, structural features with diameters of 12 μm and 50 μm are etched, and the resulting etch depth is plotted (e.g., with...). Figure 7D and Figure 7C (The structure shown is consistent). In this example, the substrate is a glass composition and etched using a 49 vol% HF stock solution. The etching depth was measured using a stylus-based profilometer (Z depth resolution setting <5 μm, <200 μm scan, 3 regions under 3 mg force) or a Bruker ContourGT-X white light interferometer (20x or 50x objectives, narrow-band green light, single-field image). Figure 8 It is evident that larger structural features (i.e., structural features with a diameter of approximately 50 μm) are etched faster over a longer period of time compared to smaller structural features (i.e., structural features with a diameter of approximately 12 μm). This allows the same etchant and a mask to be used to tailor the diffracted surface region to features of different sizes at different depths or heights.

[0140] Now for reference Figure 9A and Figure 9B The above provides Figure 7C and Figure 7D The image depicts the structural features of diffracted surface regions with different sizes and fill fractions as a function of etch depth. (Example: A plot of DOIs representing the structural features of diffracted surface regions with different sizes and fill fractions.) Figure 9A The diagram shows the 50-60 array structure features as a function of etch depth at 36% and 50% fill fractions (see also...). Figure 7C The DOI level of ). Similarly, such as Figure 9B The 12-14 array structure features shown as a function of etch depth at 20% and 50% fill fractions are illustrated (see also: Figure 7D DOI level. For example, from Figure 9A and Figure 9B It is evident that the structural features of both arrays indicate the observation of minimum DOI at etch depths ranging from approximately 150 nm to 180 nm, as previously summarized. Figures 2 to 5 The modeling presented typically predicts or otherwise suggests.

[0141] Now for reference Figure 10A and Figure 10B Based on this example, measured PPDs with structural features having different sizes and fill fractions are provided. 140 And a plot of haze as a function of etching depth. (e.g.) Figure 10A and Figure 10B The diagram shows 50-60 array structure features at 36% and 50% fill fractions (see also: Figure 7C It exhibits minimal PPD at low etching depths of less than 0.2 μm. 140 And haze value. Regarding... Figure 10C and Figure 10DBased on this example, measured PPDs with structural features having different sizes and fill fractions are provided. 140 And a plot of haze as a function of etching depth. (e.g.) Figure 10C and Figure 10D 12-17 array structure features at 20% and 50% fill fractions (see also...) Figure 7A It also exhibits minimal PPD at low etching depths of less than 0.2 μm. 140 and haze value. More generally, Figures 10A to 10D This indicates that the array of these structural features at periods of 60 μm and 17 μm respectively displays PPD. 140 Haze increases as a function of etching depth. Furthermore, with increasing etching depth, samples with larger spatial frequencies (i.e., 50-60 arrays) show improved PPD. 140 The impact is even greater (see Figure 10A Furthermore, as the etching depth increases, samples with higher frequencies (i.e., the 12-17 array) have a greater impact on haze (see [reference]). Figure 10D ).

[0142] Example 2

[0143] Based on this example, arrays of structural features (i.e., holes) were developed on glass substrates with depths of 0.15 μm, 0.2 μm, and 0.23 μm (samples 950, 951, and 952, respectively), using methods consistent with the principles of this disclosure. Table 2 below lists the optical properties measured on these samples, including PPD. 140 (%, as measured in display units at 0°), haze (%, as measured in transmittance units at 0°), DOI (coupling, %, as measured in reflectance units at 20°), and specular reflectance Rs (coupling, %, as measured in reflectance units at 20°). As can be clearly seen from Table 2, the sample (950) with an etch depth of 0.15 μm exhibits DOI < 80% and PPD < 80%. 140 The saturation is <2% and the haze is <5%, consistent with the fundamentally disclosed diffractive surface region. Other samples with depths of 0.2 μm and 0.23 μm did not exhibit this combination of optical properties. This illustrates the optimal depth range for achieving the desired combination of properties, which may vary for different preferred applications.

[0144] Table 2

[0145]

[0146] Now for reference Figure 11AThis provides an optical image and surface height distribution bar of the diffracted surface region with the optimal combination of optical properties from Table 2 (Sample 950). More specifically, the structural features of this sample (Sample 950) have a depth of approximately 150 nm, a fill fraction of 50%, a feature diameter / size of 12 μm, and a minimum pitch of 14 μm. Now refer to... Figure 11B In this example, spectral plots of the samples from Table 2 are provided. More specifically, Figure 11B The drawing shows the reflectivity amplitude of samples 950-952 relative to the reflection angle. (As shown in the original text...) Figure 11B It is clearly observed that sample 950 exhibits a lower specular reflectance compared to samples 951 and 952. Note that the Rhopoint IQ Gloss Haze & DOI Meter report states that for a flat glass with a refractive index of 1.567 and no back surface reflectance illuminated at a 20° incident angle, the Rs values ​​listed in Table 2, in gloss units (GU), are normalized to a maximum value of 100. This type of glass is known to have a first surface absolute reflectance (%R) of 4.91%. Therefore, the Rs values ​​reported by the Rhopoint IQ Meter can be converted to absolute specular reflectance (%R) values ​​by multiplying by a factor of 4.91 / 100. Thus, sample 950, with an Rs amplitude of approximately 6 at 0°, corresponds to a first surface absolute specular reflectance (%R) value of 6 / 100 * 4.91% = ~0.295%.

[0147] Example 3

[0148] According to this example, samples with an array of structural features defining diffractive surface regions were fabricated using screen printing and etching, thereby creating pillars on a glass surface. The target pillar size / diameter on the screen-printed pattern was 75 μm, which expanded to approximately 100 μm after being wetted with etchant on the glass. Furthermore, the target pitch of these samples was 125 μm, in a hexagonal pattern, and the target fill fraction was 55% (the actual fill fraction was closer to 56%). The screen-printed pattern was created using ink on a clean glass surface. Table 3 lists the samples fabricated according to this example, reflecting various etching times that resulted in different etching depths (i.e., pillar heights) and the associated optical properties (scintillation, haze, DOI, and Rs). Additionally, as previously noted, the first surface absolute specular reflectance (Rs, in gloss units (GU)) can be converted to the first surface absolute specular reflectance (%R) by multiplying them by a factor of 4.91 / 100. As can be clearly seen from Table 3, the optimal etching depth range in terms of optical property measurements corresponds to about 1 / 4 of the wavelength of light in air, that is, the etching depth of the sample is 0.141 μm to 0.172 μm.

[0149] Table 3

[0150]

[0151] Now for reference Figure 12 In this example, an angular spectrum plot of a sample (C17-T10a-75H-E60-Bare-C) with an etching depth of approximately 0.172 μm is provided, where the plot depicts the reflectivity amplitude against the reflection angle. (As from...) Figure 12 As clearly seen in Table 3, for structural features, the optimal etching depth for obtaining low DOI and low Rs is in the range of 120 nm to 180 nm, while other etching depths do not exhibit this combination of optical properties.

[0152] Now for reference Figure 13A and Figure 13B Optical images of the diffracted surface region and structural features of the sample (C17-T10a-75H-E60-Bare-C) with an etching depth of 0.172 μm, as depicted in Figure 3 and Table 12, are provided, as observed before and after ink removal as part of the screen printing and etching process. As previously noted, in this example description, the target size / diameter of such structures is approximately 75 μm; however, the actual size range of the screen-printed features (i.e., the mask) varies considerably upon ink expansion after drying. Figure 13A The specific features described range from 101 μm to 110 μm. Furthermore, as from... Figure 13B It is clearly visible that the area around these ink rings was etched, thus forming the pillars in this example.

[0153] Now for reference Figure 14 This provides a plot of the DOI as a function of etch depth for the structural features detailed above in Table 3, as presented in this example. As previously noted, considering the reduction in DOI, the preferred etch depth is approximately 1 / 4 of the light wavelength, between 0.1 μm and 0.2 μm. Furthermore, with respect to DOI, a second preferred etch depth is located at approximately 3 / 4 of the light wavelength, between 0.4 μm and 0.5 μm. The 3 / 4 wavelength etch depth is due to the higher PPD as shown in Table 3. 140 The effects shown on transmitted light and the relatively small impact on DOI relative to samples with a 1 / 4 wavelength etching depth may be less desirable. These results are generally consistent with the previously described diffraction anti-glare optical model.

[0154] Example 4

[0155] Although the diffractive surface regions of the display articles of this disclosure employ structural features with a multi-mode distribution of surface height (e.g., a bi-mode distribution of surface height), the implementation of such diffractive surface regions employs spatial randomization of features in the XY dimension. In this example, two XY pattern randomizations are employed for the diffractive surface regions—a “hard sphere” distribution and a “Poisson disk” distribution. The former hard sphere pattern design targets structural features with an approximate 50% fill fraction, and samples with structural features having diameters of 12 μm and 50 μm are prepared according to this pattern. The latter Poisson disk pattern design targets structural features with an approximate 36% fill fraction. Each of these XY randomization schemes can also target diffractive surface regions with structural features having different fill fractions, feature depths, and anti-glare coating combinations. Furthermore, as is evident from this example and as previously noted, the level and type of feature randomization in the XY dimension can be very important for achieving low PPD while minimizing other display artifacts such as moiré patterns or banding.

[0156] XY pattern randomization can be defined in different ways. One method is hexagonal percentage. Figure 15 The definition of hexagonal percentage (H) is shown. Hexagonal percentage is a measure used to locally quantify how close a pattern is to a hexagonal lattice. For each point in the pattern, the hexagonal percentage (H) at that point is calculated using the angles of its six nearest neighbors relative to any axis. The average hexagonal percentage (H) can be defined by equation (1) as follows:

[0157]

[0158] Where k = 1 to 6 are the six nearest neighbor structural features for a given structural feature, and α k This represents the angle between each of the six nearest-neighbor structural features and an arbitrary axis. Therefore, in the context of the diffraction surface region of a display article of this disclosure, the spatial distribution of the plurality of structural features may have a hexagonal percentage (H) ranging from 0.4 to 1.0 according to embodiments of this disclosure. Figure 15 As shown, variable a k Representing the six nearest neighbor angles. For a hexagonal lattice, all six angles differ by 60 degrees (π / 3 radians), therefore the refractive indices of the six addends differ by 2π radians, and all six complex numbers in the summation are identical. H is one in this case. The average hexagonal percentage (H) of the pattern can be used as a global measure of deviation from a perfect hexagonal lattice, which is useful when the pattern is uniform. A perfect hexagonal lattice has an average hexagonal percentage (H) of 1.0. A completely random, stationary Passon distribution of points has an average hexagonal percentage (H) of approximately 0.36 or 36%. Therefore, according to... Figure 1A and Figure 1BIn the depicted embodiment of the display article 100, the features of the plurality of structural features 20 may be characterized by a non-random spatial distribution. This results in H ranging from 0.4 to 0.95, from 0.4 to 0.9, from 0.4 to 0.8, from 0.36 to 0.9, from 0.36 to 0.8, from 0.36 to 0.7, and all average hexagonal percentage (H) values ​​and ranges between the aforementioned ranges.

[0159] Further regarding the hard ball randomization pattern, this pattern is used to form Figure 7C and Figure 7D The structural features of the diffracted surface region are depicted. These patterns were generated using the molecular dynamics simulation tool (LAMMPS). Initially, representative "molecular" gases were placed on a two-dimensional hexagonal lattice to fix the fill fraction at 50%. The gases were then heated and randomized in two dimensions. The molecules were given a repulsive hard-sphere potential to maintain a minimum specified spacing. Figure 7C The exemplary pattern in the image has an average hexagonal percentage (H) of 49% (see also...) Figure 15 This indicates a large deviation from the regular dot matrix. The "12-14" and "50-60" arrays have the same pattern geometry: the 50-60 pattern is simply a 12-14 pattern magnified by a total factor of 50 / 12. This magnification does not affect the fill fraction, hexagonal percentage, or feature distribution function (except for obvious axial magnification), but it does affect the optical properties of the texture. The nearest neighbor distance (defined as the center-to-center distance of features in XY space) distribution of the 12 / 14 pattern is shown in... Figure 16A The periodic diagram of this 12 / 14 pattern is shown in... Figure 16B In the middle. Replacing spatial frequency, Figure 16B The X-axis is converted into the scattering angle from the mirror in degrees for a light wavelength of 0.55 μm.

[0160] Switch to another 50 / 60 array (see Figure 9A and Figure 10A It exhibits a larger nearest neighbor distance distribution and a lower fill fraction (36%). The structural features of these samples were configured as a Passon disk pattern, generated using a "dart throwing" algorithm. This algorithm ensures an absolute minimum feature spacing (60 μm in this example), but is not very effective with fill space. The average hexagonal percentage (H) is lower, at 41%. The nearest neighbor distance distribution of the 50 / 60 Passon disk pattern is shown in... Figure 17A The periodic diagram of the 50 / 60 Passon disk pattern is shown in... Figure 17B In the middle. Replacing spatial frequency, Figure 17BThe X-axis is converted into the scattering angle from the mirror in degrees for a light wavelength of 0.55 μm.

[0161] Example 5A

[0162] In this example (sample denoted as "Example 5A"), the reinforced glass substrate was fabricated to have a roughened surface region having a transmittance haze of approximately 15% and an average surface roughness (R0) in the range of 100 nm to 300 nm. q The roughened surface region is characterized by a lateral etching depth ranging from 5 μm to 30 μm. In this example, the roughened surface region is prepared using a two-step HF etching process. Next, the roughened surface region is coated with a five-layer AR coating consistent with the embodiment of the antireflective coating 60 previously described in Table 1B of this disclosure.

[0163] In terms of mechanical properties, the display article of this example (Example 5A) is characterized by a maximum hardness of 11.8 GPa at an indentation depth greater than 100 nm (specifically, at 140 nm-160 nm), a total AR coating thickness of less than 500 nm (specifically, 338.4 nm), and a percentage of high-refractive-index material greater than 35% (specifically, 53.7%). Regarding the substrate surface morphology of the display article, the display article of this example is characterized by a radial average surface roughness power spectral density (PSD) of 80.2 nm (S). a ), 96.4nm (S q The average lateral feature size is approximately 4 μm, as measured and calculated using the watershed algorithm, which is already understood by those skilled in the art.

[0164] The optical properties of the display article in this example were measured and are given in Table 4A below.

[0165] Table 4A – Measured Optical Properties of Example 5A

[0166]

[0167] Now for reference Figure 19 This provides a plot of the elastic modulus and hardness (GPa) of a display article according to this example (Example 5A) against the indentation depth (nm). Figure 19 The apparent hardness and modulus shown were measured using the Glass indenter hardness test, and the maximum hardness of 11.8 GPa was observed at an indentation depth of 140 nm to 160 nm.

[0168] Example 5B

[0169] In this example (sample denoted as "Example 5B"), the reinforced glass substrate was fabricated to have a roughened surface region with a transmittance haze of approximately 30% and an average surface roughness (R0) in the range of 100 nm to 300 nm. q The roughened surface region is characterized by a lateral etching depth ranging from 5 μm to 30 μm. In this example, the roughened surface region is prepared using a process including an HF etching step followed by a sandblasting step. Next, the roughened surface region is coated with a five-layer AR coating consistent with the embodiment of the antireflective coating 60 previously described in Table 1B of this disclosure.

[0170] In terms of mechanical properties, the display article of this example (Example 5B) is characterized by a maximum hardness of 11.8 GPa at an indentation depth greater than 100 nm (specifically, at 140 nm-160 nm), a total AR coating thickness of less than 500 nm (specifically, 338.4 nm), and a percentage of high-refractive-index material greater than 35% (specifically, 53.7%). Regarding the substrate surface morphology of the display article, the display article of this example is characterized by a radial average surface roughness power spectral density (PSD) of 239.6 nm (S). a ), 306.1nm (S q The average lateral feature size is approximately 8 μm, as measured and calculated using a watershed algorithm already understood by those skilled in the art.

[0171] Similarly, in this example, comparative control samples were prepared using bare reinforced glass substrates (referred to as "Comparative Example 5A"); reinforced glass substrates with only roughened surface areas (referred to as "Comparative Example 5B"); and bare reinforced glass substrates and the aforementioned anti-reflective coating (referred to as "Comparative Example 5C").

[0172] The optical properties of the display products of this example (Example 5B and Comparative Example 5C) were measured and are given in Tables 4B and 4B1 below, respectively.

[0173] Table 4B – Measured Optical Properties of Example 5B

[0174]

[0175] Table 4B1 – Measured optical properties of Comparative Example 5C

[0176]

[0177] Now for reference Figure 20AThis provides plots of the specular reflectance (%R) of the first surface of a display article according to this example (Example 5B) and comparative display articles (Comparative Examples 5A-5C) against visible and near-infrared (IR) wavelengths (nm). Figure 20A It is evident that the specular reflectance of the example of the reinforced glass substrate having a roughened surface region and a 5-layer AR coating disposed on the roughened surface region is approximately an order of magnitude lower than that of the comparative sample having bare reinforced glass and the same 5-layer AR coating.

[0178] Now for reference Figure 20B and Figure 20C The illustration depicts schematic diagrams of a display article according to embodiments of the present disclosure and a comparative method for measuring the specular reflectance of the display article, and these schematic diagrams can be used to explain... Figure 20A The data and results. For example... Figure 20B and Figure 20C As shown, the beam is at an angle θ relative to the sample normal. s Incident light is incident on a contrast bare glass (left side) with a 5-layer AR coating (e.g., Comparative Example 5C) and a display article of this disclosure (right side) with a roughened surface area and the same 5-layer AR coating (e.g., Example 5B). Specular reflectivity is defined as the reflectivity of a 2-degree cone facing the incident plane and conjugate with the incident beam (see [reference]). Figure 20B and Figure 20C The reflected light power is divided by the incident power. For the comparative sample (e.g., Comparative Example 5C), the total reflectance (approximately 0.7%) is measured within a 2-degree cone and is equal to the specular reflectance. For the display article according to this disclosure having a roughened surface region and a 5-layer AR coating (e.g., Example 5B), light is scattered into an angular continuum (shown as...). Figure 2 The light intensity falls within approximately + / -15° of the specular reflection direction (in a cone-shaped region). In this case, the detector captures only a portion of the total reflected light because the remainder falls outside the detector's field of view. It is assumed that the total reflectance (integrated over all angles) of the display article surface (e.g., Example 5B) is the same as that of the substrate surface of the comparative sample (e.g., Comparative Example 5C). This means that the specular reflectance of the surface of the example (e.g., Example 5B) is determined by R... DXC *η is given, where η is the fraction of the reflected light power within the detector cone divided by the total reflected light. Furthermore, η can be calculated by measuring the specular reflectivity of an anti-reflective surface without an AR coating (e.g., Comparative Example 5B) (with the same AG treatment as Example 5B) and the specular reflectivity of a bare reinforced glass substrate surface (e.g., Comparative Example 5A), such that η = R AG / R GG R DXC *(R AG / R GG The calculated value of ) is in Figure 20AThe short / long dashes shown are for the sample used in this example (Example 5B, the calculated one), and indicate that they are in good agreement with the measurements in this example (Example 5B, the measured one).

[0179] Example 5C

[0180] In this example (sample designated "Example 5C"), the reinforced glass substrate was fabricated to have a roughened surface region with a transmittance haze of approximately 30% and an average surface roughness (R0) in the range of 100 nm to 300 nm. q The roughened surface region is characterized by a lateral etching depth ranging from 5 μm to 30 μm. In this example, the roughened surface region is prepared using a process including an HF etching step followed by a sandblasting step. Next, the roughened surface region is coated with a five-layer AR coating consistent with the embodiment of the antireflective coating 60 previously described in Table 1B of this disclosure.

[0181] In terms of mechanical properties, the display article of this example (Example 5C) is characterized by a maximum hardness of 11.8 GPa at an indentation depth greater than 100 nm (specifically, at 140 nm-160 nm), a total AR coating thickness of less than 500 nm (specifically, 338.4 nm), and a percentage of high-refractive-index material greater than 35% (specifically, 53.7%). Regarding the substrate surface morphology of the display article, the display article of this example is characterized by a radial average surface roughness power spectral density (PSD) of 165.8 nm (S). a ), 207.5nm (S q The average lateral feature size is approximately 6 μm, as measured and calculated using a watershed algorithm already understood by those skilled in the art.

[0182] The optical properties of the display article in this example were measured and are given in Table 4C below.

[0183] Table 4C – Measured optical properties of Example 5C

[0184]

[0185] Now for reference Figure 21 The diagram provides a plot of the total surface reflectance (T%) versus wavelength (nm) of the display articles in the aforementioned examples (Examples 5A-5C). As previously noted, one main surface of the reinforced glass substrate includes a roughened surface region and a five-layer multilayer AR coating disposed on the roughened surface region; while the other main surface of the glass substrate is bare. The bare glass substrate has a reflectance of approximately 4%, thereby limiting the maximum transmittance of these samples to approximately 96%. Figure 21The results show that the average visible light transmittance levels obtained for each of the samples are: 94.28% (Example 5A); 93.65% (Example 5B); and 93.72% (Example 5C). The transmittance levels are greater than 93% at an infrared (IR) wavelength of 850 nm and greater than 92% at 940 nm.

[0186] Now for reference Figures 22A to 22C Examples (Example 5A) are provided for various incident angles (6°, 20°, 45°, and 60°). Figure 22A Example 5B, Figure 22B ; and Example 5C, Figure 22C A plot of the specular reflectance (R%) of the first surface of a particle against wavelength (nm). Figure 22A In Example 5A, for all angles from 0 to 20 degrees, the reflectivity remains below 0.4% across the entire wavelength range from 425 nm to 950 nm. For all angles from 0 to 45 degrees, the reflectivity remains below 1.1% across the entire wavelength range from 425 nm to 950 nm. Figure 22B In Example 5B, for all angles from 0 to 20 degrees, the reflectivity remains below 0.06% across the entire wavelength range from 425 nm to 950 nm. For all angles from 0 to 45 degrees, the reflectivity remains below 0.3% across the entire wavelength range from 425 nm to 950 nm. As for... Figure 22C For Example 5C, the reflectivity remains below 0.06% for all angles from 0 to 20 degrees across the entire wavelength range from 425 nm to 950 nm. For all angles from 0 to 45 degrees, the reflectivity remains below 0.3% across the entire wavelength range from 425 nm to 950 nm.

[0187] Now for reference Figure 23 This paper provides plots of the di-surface specular reflectance (R%) versus wavelength (nm) for the aforementioned examples (Examples 5A-5C) and a comparative example (Comparative Example 5C) with a bare reinforced glass substrate and a 5-layer AR coating at an incident angle of 6°. Each of the samples from the aforementioned examples (Examples 5A-5C) has a 5-layer AR coating and a roughened surface region on one side, while the other side is bare glass. The di-surface specular reflectance of the examples (Examples 5A-5C) is more than a factor of 3 lower than that of the comparative example (Comparative Example 5C) with only a 5-layer AR coating; the di-surface reflectance of the comparative example is approximately 4% due to the flat back surface. The reduced specular reflectance of the flat back surface of the examples (Examples 5A-5C) is caused by the redistribution of the angles of transmitted and reflected light, such as... Figure 20B and Figure 20CAs shown. Due to the redistribution of the angle of backscattered light, it is believed that the perception of embedded reflectivity from the stacked layers of the 5-layer AR coating will be significantly reduced in the case of one of the examples (Examples 5A-5C) when used together with the roughened surface region, compared to a bare glass substrate with 5 layers of AR coating (Comparative Example 5C).

[0188] Further details regarding the optical properties and measurement results reported in the aforementioned examples, such as Figure 20A , Figure 21 , Figures 22A to 22C and Figure 23 As shown in Tables 4A-4C, reflectance and transmittance values ​​are reported as polarimetric averages. That is, the average value combines the s-polarization and p-polarization values ​​into a single average. The mean light transmittance (Y), L*, a*, and b* values ​​were calculated from the measured sample data using known methods according to CIE 1964 standards with a 10° observer and a D65 light source. These values ​​are weighted based on the human eye's response to visible light. Specular reflectance was measured using an Agilent Cary 5000UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer within an angular range of + / -1 degree. The first surface reflectance value was obtained by coupling the back surface of the glass sample to the light absorber using refractive index matching oil. Furthermore, transmitted haze was measured using a BYK Gardner Haze-Gard. The uncoupled (two-surface) DOI was measured using a Rhopoint IQ gloss meter. The coupled DOI was estimated from the uncoupled DOI values ​​using a relationship derived from historical data. Total transmittance was measured using a Perkin-Elmer Lambda 950 spectrophotometer.

[0189] Similarly, regarding the optical properties in the aforementioned examples, the contrast ratio (CR) for a white display can be defined by the following formula (2):

[0190]

[0191] Where L whitescreen and L blackscreen These are the brightness levels of the white and black screens, respectively, and L ambientlight It is the luminance of ambient light reflected from the display. According to this definition, the highest CR can be found in the absence of external (ambient) light. In addition, the CR ratio and color gamut associated with the display and its associated shielding glass were measured under two different lighting conditions, as follows: 1) Ambient CR (ACR): CR measurement under uniform diffuse (omnidirectional) D65 white light illumination; and 2) Direct CR (DCR): CR measurement under directional / collimated white light illumination.

[0192] ACR (Ambient Contrast Ratio) Measurement

[0193] The diffuse illumination-based system used for these measurements of the display products disclosed herein and the aforementioned examples of display products mainly consists of an integrating sphere-based illumination source equipped with D65 LED light transmitted through optical fibers. ACR measurements are performed using NISTIR 6738, a method / procedure developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NISTIR) for measuring the ACR of displays. Measurements are performed by coupling the untreated side of the test (glass) sample to the OLED display using refractive index matching oil. The brightness of the display remains at 380 Cd / m² throughout all contrast ratio and color gamut measurements. 2 The luminance of the sample / display unit was measured using an Instrument Systems CAS140D spectroradiometer equipped with a TOP 200 optical probe.

[0194] DCR (Direct Contrast Ratio) Measurement

[0195] In DCR measurements, a collimated (D65) LED light source was used as the illumination source. Now refer to... Figure 24 A schematic diagram of an optical apparatus for measuring the DCR of display articles in this disclosure and the foregoing examples is provided. Figure 24 As depicted, each test specimen was coupled to the surface of the OLED display via refractive index matching oil. Similarly... Figure 24 As depicted, the angle of incidence (AOI) was set to 10°, and the luminance of the display and external light source was detected by placing the spectroradiometer in the direction of specular reflection (-10°). The intensity of the external light source was controlled by controlling the current to the LED source and / or by placing an appropriate neutral density (ND) filter in the optical path. Prior to DCR measurements, the illuminance intensity (in lux) for each illumination condition was measured by replacing the test specimen with an illuminance meter (model A58U-223 from Konica Minolta). Similar to the ACR setup, the luminance of the sample / display unit was measured using a CAS140D spectroradiometer equipped with a TOP 200 optical probe (InstrumentSystems). The collection (cone) angle of the TOP 200 optical probe was set to 1 degree. When the display was coupled to the test specimen, the luminance of the display was measured with black and white images loaded on the display, respectively. Contrast ratio was calculated by dividing the luminance of the white screen by the luminance of the black screen. The same procedure was followed when illuminating the test specimens at various illuminance intensities using a calibrated light source / ND filter device.

[0196] Color Gamut Area (CGA) Measurement

[0197] Besides contrast ratio (CR) measurements, color performance under external illumination is a crucial property of the display articles of this disclosure. Color performance can be defined as the range of colors produced by a particular display device. The color information of a given display is represented by specifying the chromaticity coordinates of red / blue / green (RGB) in the CIE 1976 color space diagram. The area within the triangle is proportional to the available colors under a given display illumination condition. The total area of ​​the CIE 1976 diagram represents the full range of colors visible to the human eye. Therefore, the available colors of a given display can be estimated by measuring the area of ​​the triangle in the color space. Considering this principle, the color gamut area (CGA) of the display under variable illuminance was measured in the aforementioned example. The color gamut area (CGA) can be obtained by measuring the chromaticity coordinates of red (u'R, v'R), green (u'G, v'G), and blue (u'B, v'B) in the color space (CIE 1976(u', v')) under variable illuminance. Here, the CGA can be calculated by measuring the CIE(u',v') coordinates of the RGB color triangle of a display that has coupled test specimens and emits red, green, and blue images. The RGB triangle area (CGA) is proportional to the number of colors emitted through the display / test specimen unit. The triangle area is measured using the Hellmann formula given by the following procedure (3):

[0198]

[0199] a, b, and c can be found using the following equations (3A), (3B), and (3C), respectively:

[0200]

[0201]

[0202]

[0203] The same procedure is applied to measure the CGA under various light intensities and illumination conditions. CGA under diffuse illumination is measured using a calibrated integrating sphere, while a DCR device is used to measure CGA under direct / collimated illumination. The maximum CGA can be found in the presence of external illumination. Therefore, for better understanding, the CGA at any given illuminance is expressed as a percentage relative to its original value without any external illuminance.

[0204] As outlined herein, a first aspect of this disclosure relates to a display article. The display article includes: a substrate having a thickness and a main surface; and the main surface defining a diffraction surface region. The diffraction surface region includes a plurality of structural features, the plurality of structural features including a plurality of different heights distributed in a multi-mode pattern. Furthermore, the substrate exhibits the characteristic of passing through a pixel power deviation (PPD) at an incident angle of 0° with respect to the normal. 140 The measurements include a flicker of less than 4%, an image distinctness (DOI) of less than 80% at an angle of incidence of 20° to the normal, and a transmittance haze of less than 20% at an angle of incidence of 0° to the normal.

[0205] According to the second aspect, the first aspect is provided, wherein the plurality of structural features further include a first portion structural feature having a first average height and a second portion structural feature having a second average height.

[0206] According to the third aspect, the second aspect is provided, wherein the first average height and the second average height have a difference from 50 nm to 250 nm.

[0207] According to the fourth aspect, the second aspect is provided, wherein the first average height and the second average height have a difference from 120 nm to 200 nm.

[0208] According to the fifth aspect, any one of the second to fourth aspects is provided, wherein the diffracted surface region further includes a first planar region corresponding to the first average height and a second planar region corresponding to the second average height. Furthermore, each of the first planar region and the second planar region includes a root-mean-square (RMS) height variation of less than 50 nm.

[0209] According to the sixth aspect, the fifth aspect is provided, wherein the first planar region and the second planar region have a total surface area that is at least 50% of the total surface area of ​​the diffraction surface region.

[0210] According to the seventh aspect, any one of the first to sixth aspects is provided, wherein the substrate comprises a glass composition.

[0211] According to the eighth aspect, any one of the first to seventh aspects is provided, wherein the substrate further exhibits the properties of passing through PPD at an incident angle of 0° with the normal. 140 The measured flicker rate was less than 2%.

[0212] According to the ninth aspect, any one of the first to eighth aspects is provided, wherein the substrate further exhibits a transmittance haze of less than 5% at an incident angle of 0° with respect to the normal.

[0213] According to the tenth aspect, any one of the first to the ninth aspects is provided, wherein the substrate further exhibits a first surface absolute specular reflectance (%R) of less than 1% at an incident angle of 20° with respect to the normal.

[0214] According to the eleventh aspect, any one of the first to tenth aspects is provided, further comprising: an anti-reflective coating disposed on the main surface of the substrate. The anti-reflective coating comprises a plurality of alternating high-refractive-index layers and low-refractive-index layers. Each of the low-refractive-index layers contains a refractive index less than or equal to about 1.8, and each of the high-refractive-index layers contains a refractive index greater than 1.8. Furthermore, the article exhibits a first surface absolute specular reflectance (%R) of less than 0.1% at an incident angle of 20° with respect to the normal.

[0215] The twelfth aspect of this disclosure relates to a display article. The display article includes: a substrate having a thickness and a main surface; and the main surface defining a diffraction surface region. The diffraction surface region includes a plurality of structural features, the plurality of structural features including a pitch of less than 125 μm and a fill fraction from 30% to 70%, each structural feature including a diameter of less than 100 μm. Furthermore, the substrate exhibits flicker of less than 4% as measured by pixel power deviation (PPD) at an incident angle of 0° with respect to the normal, image distinctness (DOI) of less than 80% at an incident angle of 20° with respect to the normal, and transmittance haze of less than 20% at an incident angle of 0° with respect to the normal.

[0216] According to the thirteenth aspect, a twelfth aspect is provided, wherein the substrate comprises a glass composition.

[0217] According to the fourteenth aspect, the twelfth or thirteenth aspect is provided, wherein the substrate further exhibits the properties of passing through PPD at an incident angle of 0° with the normal. 140 The measured flicker rate was less than 2%.

[0218] According to the fifteenth aspect, any one of the twelfth to the fourteenth aspects is provided, wherein the substrate further exhibits a transmittance haze of less than 5% at an incident angle of 0° with respect to the normal.

[0219] According to the sixteenth aspect, any one of the twelfth to the fifteenth aspects is provided, wherein the substrate further exhibits a first surface absolute specular reflectance (%R) of less than 1% at an incident angle of 20° with respect to the normal.

[0220] According to the seventeenth aspect, any one of the twelfth to the sixteenth aspects is provided, wherein a first portion of the plurality of structural features comprises a column having a first average height from 50 nm to 250 nm.

[0221] According to the eighteenth aspect, the seventeenth aspect is provided, wherein the plurality of structural features further comprises a plurality of heights distributed in a multimodal manner. The multimodal distribution further comprises a first portion of structural features at a first average height and a second portion of structural features at a second average height. Furthermore, the first portion of the distribution has a first fill fraction ranging from 30% to 70%, and the second portion of the distribution has a second fill fraction of 100% minus the first fill fraction.

[0222] According to the nineteenth aspect, any one of the twelfth to the sixteenth aspects is provided, wherein a first portion of the plurality of structural features includes a hole having a first average depth from 50 nm to 250 nm.

[0223] According to the twentieth aspect, the nineteenth aspect is provided, wherein the plurality of structural features further comprises a plurality of depths exhibiting a multimodal distribution. The multimodal distribution further comprises a first portion of structural features at a first average depth and a second portion of structural features at a second average depth. Furthermore, the first portion of the distribution has a first fill fraction ranging from 30% to 70%, and the second portion of the distribution has a second fill fraction of 100% minus the first fill fraction.

[0224] According to aspect 21, any one of aspects 12 through 20 is provided, wherein the fill fraction is from 40% to 55%.

[0225] According to the twenty-second aspect, any one of the twelfth to the twenty-first aspects is provided, wherein each structural feature further includes an aspect ratio of more than 10.

[0226] According to the twenty-third aspect, any one of the twelfth to the twenty-second aspects is provided, wherein the plurality of structural features further comprises a period from 5 μm to 100 μm.

[0227] According to the twenty-fourth aspect, any one of the twelfth to the sixteenth aspects is provided, further comprising: an anti-reflective coating disposed on the main surface of the substrate. The anti-reflective coating comprises a plurality of alternating high-refractive-index layers and low-refractive-index layers. Each of the low-refractive-index layers contains a refractive index less than or equal to about 1.8 and substantially the same as or greater than a refractive index of the substrate. Each of the high-refractive-index layers contains a refractive index greater than 1.8. Furthermore, the article exhibits a first surface absolute specular reflectance (%R) of less than 0.1% at an incident angle of 20° with respect to the normal.

[0228] The twenty-fifth aspect of this disclosure relates to a display article. The display article includes: a substrate having a thickness and a main surface; and the main surface defining a diffraction surface region. The diffraction surface region includes a plurality of structural features, the plurality of structural features having a pitch of less than 125 μm and a fill fraction from 30% to 70%. Furthermore, each structural feature includes a height or depth from 50 nm to 250 nm.

[0229] According to the twenty-sixth aspect, the twenty-fifth aspect is provided, wherein the plurality of structural features further include a non-random spatial distribution.

[0230] According to the twenty-seventh aspect, the twenty-fifth aspect or the twenty-sixth aspect is provided, wherein the substrate exhibits the characteristic of exhibiting pixel power deviation (PPD) at an incident angle of 0° with respect to the normal. 140 The measurements include a flicker of less than 4%, an image distinctness (DOI) of less than 80% at an angle of incidence of 20° to the normal, and a transmittance haze of less than 20% at an angle of incidence of 0° to the normal.

[0231] According to aspect twenty-eight, any one of aspects twenty-five to twenty-seven is provided, wherein the non-random spatial distribution of the plurality of structural features comprises an average hexagonal percentage (H) ranging from greater than 0.4 to less than 1.0, wherein the hexagonal percentage (H) of one of the structural features is given by equation (1):

[0232]

[0233] Where k = 1 to 6 are the six nearest neighbor structural features for a given structural feature, and α k This represents the angle between each of the six nearest-neighbor structural features and an arbitrary axis.

[0234] According to the twenty-ninth aspect, any one of the twenty-fifth to twenty-eighth aspects is provided, wherein a first portion of the plurality of structural features comprises a column having a first average height from 50 nm to 250 nm.

[0235] According to the thirtieth aspect, the twenty-ninth aspect is provided, wherein the height of each column is from 120 nm to 180 nm.

[0236] According to the thirty-first aspect, any one of the twenty-fifth to twenty-eighth aspects is provided, wherein a first portion of the plurality of structural features includes a hole having a first average depth from 50 nm to 250 nm.

[0237] According to the thirty-second aspect, the thirty-first aspect is provided, wherein the depth of each aperture is from 120 nm to 180 nm.

[0238] According to aspect thirty-third, any one of aspects twenty-fifth to thirty-second is provided, further comprising: an anti-reflective coating disposed on the main surface of the substrate. The anti-reflective coating comprises a plurality of alternating high-refractive-index layers and low-refractive-index layers. Each of the low-refractive-index layers contains a refractive index less than or equal to about 1.8 and substantially the same as or greater than a refractive index of the substrate. Each of the high-refractive-index layers contains a refractive index greater than 1.8. Furthermore, the article exhibits a first surface absolute specular reflectance (%Rs) of less than 0.1% at an incident angle of 20° to the normal.

[0239] The thirty-fourth aspect of this disclosure relates to a method of manufacturing a display article. The method includes: masking a substrate including a thickness and a main surface with a mask; forming a diffraction surface region within the main surface of the substrate; and removing the mask from the substrate. The diffraction surface region includes a plurality of structural features, the plurality of structural features including a plurality of different heights distributed in a multi-mode pattern. The multi-mode distribution further includes a first portion of structural features at a first average height and a second portion of structural features at a second average height. Furthermore, the substrate exhibits the characteristic of exhibiting pixel power deviation (PPD) at an incident angle of 0° with respect to the normal. 140 The measurements include a flicker of less than 4%, an image distinctness (DOI) of less than 80% at an angle of incidence of 20° to the normal, and a transmittance haze of less than 20% at an angle of incidence of 0° to the normal.

[0240] According to aspect thirty-five, aspect thirty-four is provided, wherein the masking step includes one or more of screen printing masking, inkjet printing masking, and photoresist masking.

[0241] According to the thirty-sixth aspect, the thirty-fourth aspect or the thirty-fifth aspect is provided, wherein the forming step includes etching the main surface of the substrate through the mask to form the diffraction surface region, and wherein each structural feature is a hole comprising a depth from 50 nm to 250 nm.

[0242] According to the thirty-seventh aspect, the thirty-fourth aspect or the thirty-fifth aspect is provided, wherein the forming step includes depositing a film on the main surface of the substrate through the mask to form the diffraction surface region, and wherein each structural feature is a pillar comprising a height from 50 nm to 250 nm.

[0243] The thirty-eighth aspect of this disclosure relates to a display article. The display article includes: a substrate having a thickness and a main surface; a textured surface region defined by the main surface; and an anti-reflective coating disposed on the textured surface region defined by the main surface of the substrate. The textured surface region includes a plurality of structural features and an average texture height (Rm) ranging from 50 nm to 300 nm. text The substrate exhibits the characteristic of passing through pixel power deviation (PPD) at an incident angle of 0° to the normal. 140 The antireflective coating measures less than 5% scintillation and less than 40% transmittance haze at an incident angle of 0° to the normal. The antireflective coating comprises multiple alternating high-refractive-index and low-refractive-index layers. Each of the low-refractive-index layers contains a refractive index less than or equal to about 1.8, and each of the high-refractive-index layers contains a refractive index greater than 1.8. Furthermore, the article exhibits a first surface-average specular reflectance (%R) of less than 0.3% at any incident angle of about 5° to 20° to the normal at wavelengths from 450 nm to 650 nm.

[0244] According to the thirty-ninth aspect, the thirty-eighth aspect is provided, wherein the coated article exhibits a maximum hardness of 8 GPa or greater as measured by a Glass indenter hardness test along an indentation depth of 50 nm or greater on an air-side surface of the antireflective coating.

[0245] According to aspect 40, aspect 38 is provided, wherein the plurality of structural features further include a first average height and a second average height.

[0246] According to the forty-first aspect, the forty-fifth aspect is provided, wherein the first average height and the second average height have a difference from 50 nm to 250 nm.

[0247] According to the forty-second aspect, the forty-third aspect is provided, wherein the first average height and the second average height have a difference from 120 nm to 200 nm.

[0248] According to aspect 43, any one of aspects 38 to 42 is provided, wherein the average light-sensitive specular reflectance (%R) of the first surface is less than 0.1% at any angle of incidence of about 5° to 20° with respect to the normal at wavelengths from about 450 nm to 650 nm.

[0249] According to aspect 44, any one of aspects 38 to 43 is provided, wherein the flickering occurs at an incident angle of 0° to the normal via pixel power deviation (PPD). 140 The measured value is less than 3%.

[0250] According to aspect 45, any one of aspects 38 to 44 is provided, wherein the substrate comprises a glass substrate or a glass-ceramic substrate.

[0251] According to aspect 46, any one of aspects 38 to 45 is provided, wherein the substrate further exhibits an image distinctiveness (DOI) of less than 85% at an incident angle of 20° to the normal.

[0252] According to aspect 47, any one of aspects 38 to 46 is provided, wherein the transmittance haze is less than 30% at an incident angle of 0° with respect to the normal.

[0253] The forty-eighth aspect of this disclosure relates to a consumer electronic product. The consumer electronic product includes: a housing comprising a front surface, a back surface, and side surfaces; electronic components at least partially located within the housing, the electronic components including a controller, a memory, and a display located on or adjacent to the front surface of the housing; and a protective substrate disposed on the display. At least a portion of the housing or the protective substrate comprises the article of any one of aspects thirty-eight to forty-seven.

[0254] The forty-ninth aspect of this disclosure relates to a display article. The display article includes: a substrate having a thickness and a main surface; a textured surface region defined by the main surface; and an anti-reflective coating disposed on the textured surface region defined by the main surface of the substrate. The textured surface region includes a plurality of structural features and an average texture height (Rm) ranging from 50 nm to 300 nm. text The substrate exhibits the characteristic of passing through pixel power deviation (PPD) at an incident angle of 0° to the normal. 140The antireflective coating measures less than 5% scintillation and less than 40% transmittance haze at an incident angle of 0° to the normal. The antireflective coating comprises a total bulk thickness from 200 nm to 500 nm and multiple alternating high-refractive-index and low-refractive-index layers, wherein the antireflective coating comprises a total of three (3) to nine (9) layers. Each of the low-refractive-index layers contains a refractive index less than or equal to about 1.8, and each of the high-refractive-index layers contains a refractive index greater than 1.8. Each high-refractive-index layer contains Si3N4, SiN... x and SiO x N y One of them. In addition, the article exhibits a first surface average specular reflectance (%R) of less than 0.3% at any incident angle of about 5° to 20° with respect to the normal at wavelengths from 450 nm to 650 nm.

[0255] According to the fiftieth aspect, the forty-ninth aspect is provided, wherein one of the low refractive index layers is disposed directly on the textured region defined by the main surface of the substrate.

[0256] According to aspect 51, the forty-ninth or fiftieth aspect is provided, wherein each low refractive index layer comprises SiO2 or SiO2. x .

[0257] According to aspect 52, any one of aspects 49 to 51 is provided, wherein the antireflective coating further comprises a scratch-resistant layer, the scratch-resistant layer being the thickest of the high refractive index layer, wherein the scratch-resistant layer comprises Si3N4, SiN x and SiO x N y One of them has a solid thickness ranging from 50 nm to 200 nm, and further wherein the range of the plurality of alternating high refractive index layers and low refractive index layers is three (3) to six (6) layers.

[0258] According to the 53rd aspect, the 52nd aspect is provided, wherein the total bulk thickness of the antireflective coating is from 200 nm to 350 nm and the total bulk thickness of the scratch-resistant layer is from about 75 nm to 175 nm.

[0259] According to the 54th aspect, the 52nd aspect is provided, wherein the total bulk thickness of the antireflective coating is from 250 nm to 340 nm and the total bulk thickness of the scratch-resistant layer is from 100 nm to 160 nm.

[0260] According to aspect 55, any one of aspects 49 to 54 is provided, wherein the plurality of structural features further includes a first average height and a second average height.

[0261] According to aspect 56, any one of aspects 49 to 55 is provided, wherein the coated article exhibits a maximum hardness of 8 GPa or greater as measured by a Glass indenter hardness test along an indentation depth of 50 nm or greater on an air-side surface of the antireflective coating.

[0262] According to aspect 57, aspect 55 or aspect 56 is provided, wherein the first average height and the second average height have a difference from 120 nm to 200 nm.

[0263] According to aspect 58, any one of aspects 49 to 57 is provided, wherein the average specular reflectance (%R) of the first surface is less than 0.1% at any angle of incidence of about 5° to 20° with respect to the normal at wavelengths from about 450 nm to 650 nm.

[0264] According to aspect 59, any one of aspects 49 to 58 is provided, wherein the flickering occurs at an angle of incidence of 0° to the normal via pixel power deviation (PPD). 140 The measured value is less than 3%.

[0265] According to the sixtieth aspect, any one of the forty-ninth to fifty-ninth aspects is provided, wherein the substrate comprises a glass substrate or a glass-ceramic substrate.

[0266] According to aspect sixty-one, any one of aspects forty-nine to sixty-six is ​​provided, wherein the substrate further exhibits an image distinctiveness (DOI) of less than 80% at an incident angle of 20° to the normal.

[0267] According to aspect sixty-two, any one of aspects forty-nine to sixty-one is provided, wherein the transmittance haze is less than 30% at an incident angle of 0° with respect to the normal.

[0268] The sixty-third aspect of this disclosure relates to a consumer electronic product. The consumer electronic product includes: a housing comprising a front surface, a back surface, and side surfaces; electronic components at least partially located within the housing, the electronic components including a controller, a memory, and a display located on or adjacent to the front surface of the housing; and a protective substrate disposed on the display. At least a portion of the housing or the protective substrate comprises the article of any one of aspects forty-nine to sixty-two.

[0269] The sixty-fourth aspect of this disclosure relates to a display article. The display article includes: a substrate having a thickness and a main surface; a roughened surface region defined by the main surface; and an anti-reflective coating disposed on the roughened surface region of the main surface of the substrate. The roughened surface region includes a plurality of structural features and an average surface roughness (R0) varying from 20 nm to 2000 nm in average texture height root-mean-square (RMS). q The substrate exhibits the characteristic of passing through pixel power deviation (PPD) at an incident angle of 0° to the normal. 140 The antireflective coating measures less than 5% scintillation and less than 40% transmittance haze at an incident angle of 0° to the normal. The antireflective coating comprises a total bulk thickness from 200 nm to 500 nm and multiple alternating high-refractive-index and low-refractive-index layers, wherein the antireflective coating has a total of three (3) to nine (9) layers. Each of the low-refractive-index layers contains a refractive index less than or equal to about 1.8, and each of the high-refractive-index layers contains a refractive index greater than 1.8. Each high-refractive-index layer contains Si3N4, SiN... x and SiO x N y One of them. In addition, the article exhibits a first surface average specular reflectance (%R) of less than 1% at any incident angle of about 5° to 20° with respect to the normal at wavelengths from 450 nm to 650 nm.

[0270] According to aspect sixty-five, aspect sixty-four is provided, wherein one of the low refractive index layers is disposed directly on the roughened surface region defined by the main surface of the substrate.

[0271] According to aspect sixty-six, aspect sixty-four or aspect sixty-fifth are provided, wherein each low refractive index layer comprises SiO2 or SiO2. x .

[0272] According to aspect sixty-seven, any one of aspects sixty-four to sixty-six is ​​provided, wherein the substrate comprises a glass substrate or a glass-ceramic substrate.

[0273] According to aspect sixty-eight, any one of aspects sixty-four to sixty-seven is provided, wherein the roughened surface region comprises an average surface roughness (R0) varying from 50 nm to 250 nm in average texture height root-mean-square (RMS). q ).

[0274] According to aspect sixty-nine, any one of aspects sixty-four to sixty-eight is provided, wherein the average light-sensitive specular reflectance (%R) of the first surface is less than 0.1% at any angle of incidence of about 5° to 20° with respect to the normal at wavelengths from about 450 nm to 650 nm.

[0275] According to the seventieth aspect, any one of the sixty-fourth to sixty-ninth aspects is provided, wherein the substrate further exhibits an image distinctiveness (DOI) of less than 80% at an incident angle of 20° with respect to the normal.

[0276] According to aspect seventy-one, any one of aspects sixty-four to seventy is provided, wherein the article exhibits a first surface reflection color (√(a*)) of <0.5 at each incident angle of 6° and 20° with respect to the normal. 2 +b* 2 )).

[0277] According to aspect seventy-two, any one of aspects sixty-four to seventy is provided, wherein the article exhibits a surface-transmitted color (√(a*)) <1 at an incident angle of 0° using a 2-degree receiving angle. 2 +b* 2 )).

[0278] The seventy-third aspect of this disclosure relates to a consumer electronic product. The consumer electronic product includes: a housing comprising a front surface, a back surface, and side surfaces; electronic components at least partially located within the housing, the electronic components including a controller, a memory, and a display located on or adjacent to the front surface of the housing; and a protective substrate disposed on the display. At least a portion of the housing or the protective substrate comprises the article of any one of aspects sixty-four to seventy-two. Many variations and modifications may be made to the above embodiments of this disclosure without substantially departing from the spirit and principles of this disclosure. All such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of this disclosure and are protected by the following claims.

Claims

1. A display article comprising: A substrate, the substrate comprising a thickness and a main surface; A textured surface region, the textured surface region being defined by the main surface; and An anti-reflective coating is disposed on the textured surface region defined by the main surface of the substrate. The textured surface region comprises multiple structural features and an average texture height ranging from 50 nm to 300 nm, and the multiple structural features include multiple different heights in a multi-mode distribution, each mode in the multi-mode distribution being characterized by a peak surface height with respect to the area fraction of the textured surface region. The substrate exhibits less than 5% flicker and less than 40% transmittance haze at an incident angle of 0° with respect to the normal. The less than 5% flicker was measured at an incident angle of 0° with respect to the normal using pixel power deviation at a pixel density of 140 pixels per inch. The anti-reflective coating comprises multiple alternating high-refractive-index layers and low-refractive-index layers. Each of the low-refractive-index layers contains a refractive index less than or equal to 1.8, and each of the high-refractive-index layers contains a refractive index greater than 1.

8. Furthermore, the display article exhibits a first surface average specular reflectivity of less than 0.3% at any incident angle of 5° to 20° with respect to the normal at wavelengths from 450 nm to 650 nm.

2. The display article of claim 1, wherein the display article exhibits a maximum hardness of 8 GPa or greater, the maximum hardness of 8 GPa or greater being measured by a Glass indenter hardness test along an indentation depth of 50 nm or greater on the air-side surface of the antireflective coating.

3. The display article of claim 1, wherein the plurality of structural features further comprises a first average height and a second average height.

4. The display article of claim 3, wherein the first average height and the second average height have a difference from 50 nm to 250 nm.

5. The display article of claim 3, wherein the first average height and the second average height have a difference from 120 nm to 200 nm.

6. The display article of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the average specular reflectivity of the first surface is less than 0.1% at any angle of incidence of 5° to 20° with respect to the normal at a wavelength from 450 nm to 650 nm.

7. The display article of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the flicker is less than 3%, and the flicker of less than 3% is measured by pixel power deviation at a pixel density of 140 pixels per inch at an incident angle of 0° with respect to the normal.

8. The display article according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein the substrate comprises a glass substrate or a glass-ceramic substrate.

9. The display article of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the substrate further exhibits an image sharpness of less than 85% at an incident angle of 20° to the normal.

10. The display article of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the transmittance haze is less than 30% at an incident angle of 0° with respect to the normal.

11. A consumer electronic product comprising: An outer casing, the outer casing comprising a front surface, a back surface, and side surfaces; An electronic component, at least partially located within the housing, the electronic component including a controller, memory, and a display, the display being located on or adjacent to the front surface of the housing; and A protective substrate, which is mounted on the display. The housing or at least one portion of the shield substrate comprises a display article as claimed in any one of claims 1-5.

12. A display article comprising: A substrate, the substrate comprising a thickness and a main surface; A textured surface region, the textured surface region being defined by the main surface; and An anti-reflective coating is disposed on the textured surface region defined by the main surface of the substrate. The textured surface region includes multiple structural features and an average texture height ranging from 50 nm to 300 nm, and the multiple structural features include multiple different heights in a multi-mode distribution, each mode in the multi-mode distribution being characterized by a peak surface height with respect to the area fraction of the textured surface region. The substrate exhibits less than 5% flicker and less than 40% transmittance haze at an incident angle of 0° with respect to the normal. The less than 5% flicker was measured at an incident angle of 0° with respect to the normal using pixel power deviation at a pixel density of 140 pixels per inch. The anti-reflective coating comprises a total bulk thickness of 200 nm to 500 nm and multiple alternating high-refractive-index and low-refractive-index layers, wherein the anti-reflective coating comprises a total of three to nine layers. Each of the low-refractive-index layers contains a refractive index less than or equal to 1.8, and each of the high-refractive-index layers contains a refractive index greater than 1.

8. Each high-refractive-index layer contains Si3N4 and SiN x and SiO x N y One of them, and Furthermore, the display article exhibits a first surface average specular reflectivity of less than 0.3% at any incident angle of 5° to 20° with respect to the normal at wavelengths from 450 nm to 650 nm.

13. The display article of claim 12, wherein one of the low refractive index layers is disposed directly on the textured surface region defined by the main surface of the substrate.

14. The display article of claim 12 or claim 13, wherein each low-refractive-index layer comprises SiO2 or SiO2. x .

15. The display article of claim 12 or claim 13, wherein the antireflective coating further comprises a scratch-resistant layer, the scratch-resistant layer being the thickest of the high refractive index layers, wherein the scratch-resistant layer comprises Si3N4, SiN x and SiO x N y One of them has a solid thickness ranging from 50 nm to 200 nm, and further, the range of the plurality of alternating high refractive index layers and low refractive index layers is three to six layers.

16. The display article of claim 15, wherein the total bulk thickness of the antireflective coating is from 200 nm to 350 nm and the total bulk thickness of the scratch-resistant layer is from 75 nm to 175 nm.

17. The display article of claim 15, wherein the total bulk thickness of the antireflective coating is from 250 nm to 340 nm and the total bulk thickness of the scratch-resistant layer is from 100 nm to 160 nm.

18. The display article of claim 12, wherein the plurality of structural features further comprises a first average height and a second average height.

19. The display article of claim 12, wherein the display article exhibits a maximum hardness of 8 GPa or greater, the maximum hardness of 8 GPa or greater being measured by a Glass indenter hardness test along an indentation depth of 50 nm or greater on the air-side surface of the antireflective coating.

20. The display article of claim 18, wherein the first average height and the second average height have a difference from 120 nm to 200 nm.

21. The display article of claim 12 or claim 13, wherein the average specular reflectivity of the first surface is less than 0.1% at any angle of incidence from 5° to 20° with respect to the normal at a wavelength from 450 nm to 650 nm.

22. The display article of claim 12 or claim 13, wherein the flicker is less than 3%, and the flicker of less than 3% is measured by pixel power deviation at a pixel density of 140 pixels per inch at an incident angle of 0° to the normal.

23. The display article of claim 12 or claim 13, wherein the substrate comprises a glass substrate or a glass-ceramic substrate.

24. The display article of claim 12 or claim 13, wherein the substrate further exhibits an image sharpness of less than 80% at an incident angle of 20° to the normal.

25. The display article of claim 12 or claim 13, wherein the transmittance haze is less than 30% at an incident angle of 0° with respect to the normal.

26. A consumer electronic product comprising: An outer casing, the outer casing comprising a front surface, a back surface, and side surfaces; An electronic component, at least partially located within the housing, the electronic component including a controller, memory, and a display, the display being located on or adjacent to the front surface of the housing; and A protective substrate, which is mounted on the display. The housing or at least a portion of the shield substrate comprises a display article as claimed in claim 12 or claim 13.

27. A display article comprising: A substrate, the substrate comprising a thickness and a main surface; A roughened surface region, the roughened surface region being defined by the main surface; and An anti-reflective coating is disposed on the roughened surface region of the main surface of the substrate. The roughened surface region comprises multiple structural features and an average surface roughness varying from 20 nm to 2000 nm in average texture height (root mean square). The structural features include a first average height and a second average height. The first average height corresponds to the average height of the peaks in the roughened surface region, and the second average height corresponds to the depth of the grooves between the peaks. The difference between the first and second average heights of the roughened surface region is in the range of 10 nm to 500 nm. The substrate exhibits less than 5% flicker and less than 40% transmittance haze at an incident angle of 0° with respect to the normal. The less than 5% flicker was measured at an incident angle of 0° with respect to the normal using pixel power deviation at a pixel density of 140 pixels per inch. The antireflective coating comprises a total bulk thickness of 200 nm to 500 nm and multiple alternating high-refractive-index and low-refractive-index layers, wherein the antireflective coating has a total of three to nine layers. Each of the low-refractive-index layers contains a refractive index less than or equal to 1.8, and each of the high-refractive-index layers contains a refractive index greater than 1.

8. Each high-refractive-index layer contains Si3N4 and SiN x and SiO x N y One of them, and Furthermore, the display article described therein exhibits a first surface average specular reflectivity of less than 1% at any incident angle of 5° to 20° with respect to the normal at wavelengths from 450 nm to 650 nm.

28. The display article of claim 27, wherein one of the low refractive index layers is disposed directly on the roughened surface region defined by the main surface of the substrate.

29. The display article of claim 27 or claim 28, wherein each low-refractive-index layer comprises SiO2 or SiO2. x .

30. The display article of claim 27 or claim 28, wherein the substrate comprises a glass substrate or a glass-ceramic substrate.

31. The display article of claim 27 or claim 28, wherein the roughened surface region comprises an average surface roughness varying from 50 nm to 250 nm in average texture height root mean square.

32. The display article of claim 27 or claim 28, wherein the average specular reflectivity of the first surface is less than 0.1% at any angle of incidence of 5° to 20° with respect to the normal at a wavelength from 450 nm to 650 nm.

33. The display article of claim 27 or claim 28, wherein the substrate further exhibits an image sharpness of less than 80% at an incident angle of 20° to the normal.

34. The display article of claim 27 or claim 28, wherein the display article exhibits a first surface reflection color √(a*) of < 0.5 at each incident angle of 6° and 20° with respect to the normal. 2 +b* 2 ).

35. The display article of claim 27 or claim 28, wherein the display article exhibits a di-surface transmissive color √(a*) at a 0° incident angle using a 2-degree acceptance angle. 2 +b* 2 The transmissive color of the two surfaces refers to the transmissive color that passes through the main surface of the substrate and the anti-reflective coating.

36. A consumer electronic product comprising: An outer casing, the outer casing comprising a front surface, a back surface, and side surfaces; An electronic component, at least partially located within the housing, the electronic component including a controller, memory, and a display, the display being located on or adjacent to the front surface of the housing; and A protective substrate, which is mounted on the display. The housing or at least a portion of the shield substrate comprises a display article as claimed in claim 27 or claim 28.

Images