Direct drive bounded wave electromagnetic pulse simulation device pulse power supply

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of direct drive type bounded wave electromagnetic pulse simulation device pulse power source, to solve the problem that the volume and weight of pulse power source are increased due to the introduction of steepening section circuit in existing simulation device, which is not conducive to the miniaturization and modularization expansion of simulation device. Specifically includes power supply, trigger system, high-voltage nanosecond pulse generator, load cable, output switch and air path control system;The charging port of power supply is connected with trigger system and high-voltage nanosecond pulse generator respectively, for charging the capacitor in trigger system and high-voltage nanosecond pulse generator;Trigger system is connected with trigger electrode of high-voltage nanosecond pulse generator;The output end of high-voltage nanosecond pulse generator is connected with the input end of load cable;The output end of load cable is connected with the input end of output switch;The output end of output switch is connected with waveguide antenna in external bounded wave antenna system;Air path control system is connected with high-voltage nanosecond pulse generator and output switch respectively.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a bounded wave electromagnetic pulse simulation device, specifically to a pulse power source for a directly driven bounded wave electromagnetic pulse simulation device. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of large-scale integrated circuits, the threat posed by strong electromagnetic pulse (ESP) environments to information technology equipment has received widespread attention. Constructing ESP simulation devices and creating ESP radiation environments is crucial for improving the equipment's ESP defense capabilities. The waveguide antenna of a vertically polarized bounded-wave ESP simulation device typically consists of a front conical section, a parallel section, and a rear conical section. After a modulated high-voltage pulse is injected at the feed end of the front conical section using a pulsed power drive source, a relatively uniform vertically polarized ESP radiation environment is formed based on the characteristic impedance of the front conical section. Then, the waveguide functions of the parallel and rear conical sections are used for electromagnetic wave transmission. Without considering the distortion effect of the bounded-wave antenna on the radiation field, the output waveform parameters of the pulsed power drive source basically determine the shape of the radiation field waveform. In a vertically polarized bounded-wave ESP simulation device, to form a radiation field waveform conforming to the IEC-61000-2-9 standard, the pulse leading edge of the pulse fed to the antenna by the pulsed power source should be 2–3 ns, and the half-width at half-maximum (FWHM) should be 18–28 ns.

[0003] Due to limitations imposed by the discharge circuit inductance, when the pulse amplitude to be fed to the antenna is in the hundreds of kilovolt range, traditional pulse power sources typically employ a single- or two-stage pulse compression technique to generate fast-rising-edge pulses. Pulse compression usually requires the introduction of a steepening stage circuit, including a steepening capacitor and a steepening switch. The steepening capacitor can be composed of film capacitors, ceramic capacitors, or distributed capacitors. The introduction of the steepening stage circuit inevitably increases the size and weight of the pulse power source, hindering the miniaturization and modular expansion of the simulation device. Furthermore, to generate pulse waveforms that meet standard requirements, the circuit parameters of the steepening stage (capacitor values ​​and circuit inductance, etc.) and insulation thresholds need to be precisely calculated and adjusted based on on-site debugging results, making the design process complex and cumbersome. In addition, the effectiveness and stability of the pulse parameters fed to the antenna are constrained by the operating range of the steepening switch; therefore, the operating parameters and status of the steepening switch need to be verified on-site, which is detrimental to the rapid implementation of strong electromagnetic pulse (EMI) resistance testing. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a pulse power source for a direct-drive bounded wave electromagnetic pulse simulation device, in order to solve the technical problem that the introduction of steepening segment circuits in existing pulse power sources increases the size and weight of the pulse power source, which is not conducive to the miniaturization and modular expansion of the simulation device.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution provided by this invention is as follows:

[0006] A pulse power source for a direct-drive bounded wave electromagnetic pulse simulation device is characterized by including a power supply, a triggering system, a high-voltage nanosecond pulse generator, a load cable, an output switch, and a pneumatic control system.

[0007] The power supply is connected to the charging ports of the triggering system and the high-voltage nanosecond pulse generator respectively, and is used to charge the capacitors in the triggering system and the high-voltage nanosecond pulse generator.

[0008] The triggering system is connected to the trigger electrode of the high-voltage nanosecond pulse generator and is used to generate a fast-leading high-voltage pulse, enabling the high-voltage nanosecond pulse generator to achieve trigger establishment.

[0009] The output terminal of the high-voltage nanosecond pulse generator is connected to the input terminal of the load cable. The high-voltage nanosecond pulse generator is used to generate high-voltage nanosecond pulses.

[0010] The output end of the load cable is connected to the input end of the output switch for transmitting the high-voltage nanosecond pulse;

[0011] The output terminal of the output switch is connected to the waveguide antenna in the external bounded wave antenna system. The output switch is used to steepen the leading edge of the high voltage nanosecond pulse so that the pulse waveform meets the requirements of the test environment.

[0012] The gas path control system is connected to the high-pressure nanosecond pulse generator and the output switch respectively, and is used to control the working gas pressure in the high-pressure nanosecond pulse generator and the output switch respectively.

[0013] Furthermore, the output switch includes a switch ground plate, an insulating cylinder, a grounding cover plate, a cathode cover plate, an anode electrode, an anode insulator, a cathode electrode, and an adjusting nut;

[0014] The insulating cylinder is filled with working gas;

[0015] The grounding cover and cathode cover are respectively installed on both ends of the insulating cylinder, and one side of the grounding cover is fixedly connected to the ground electrode of the analog device in the external bounded wave antenna system through the switch ground electrode.

[0016] The anode electrode is hemispherical and located inside the insulating cylinder; one end of the anode insulator is connected to the plane of the anode electrode, and the other end extends out of the grounding cover plate;

[0017] The output end of the load cable passes through the center of the anode insulator and is connected to the anode electrode;

[0018] The cathode electrode includes a hemispherical cathode electrode head and a cathode guide rod; the cathode cover plate has a through hole in the middle; the cathode electrode head is located inside the insulating cylinder and is opposite to the apex of the anode electrode; one end of the cathode guide rod is connected to the plane of the cathode electrode head, and the other end extends out of the through hole and is connected to the waveguide antenna in the external bounded wave antenna system.

[0019] The adjusting nut is fitted onto the side of the cathode cover plate away from the insulating cylinder and threaded onto the cathode guide rod, so that the adjusting nut can rotate around the cathode guide rod to adjust the position of the cathode electrode along its axis.

[0020] Furthermore, the central axes of both the anode and cathode electrodes are parallel to the front cone segment of the external bounded wave antenna system.

[0021] Furthermore, a guide groove is provided on the inner wall of the through hole along its axial direction;

[0022] The outer wall of the cathode guide rod is provided with protrusions;

[0023] The protrusion extends into the guide groove and is fitted with a clearance between the guide groove and the groove.

[0024] Furthermore, a retaining ring is provided on the side of the cathode cover away from the insulating cylinder;

[0025] The inner wall of the mounting ring is provided with an annular groove;

[0026] The outer wall of the adjusting nut is provided with an annular protrusion;

[0027] The adjusting nut is fitted inside the retaining ring, so that the annular protrusion engages with the annular groove.

[0028] A gap is provided between the outer wall of the annular protrusion and the inner wall of the annular groove.

[0029] Furthermore, the triggering system includes a signal generator, an electro-optic to photoelectric converter, an all-solid-state nanosecond pulse generator, and a trigger cable;

[0030] The output of the signal generator is connected to the input of the electro-optical-photoelectric converter;

[0031] The output terminal of the electro-optic-photoelectric converter is connected to the trigger terminal of the all-solid-state nanosecond pulse generator;

[0032] The output terminal of the all-solid-state nanosecond pulse generator is connected to the trigger electrode of the high-voltage nanosecond pulse generator via a trigger cable.

[0033] The power supply is connected to the charging port on the all-solid-state nanosecond pulse generator.

[0034] Furthermore, the all-solid-state nanosecond pulse generator is a Marx generator based on an avalanche transistor, with an output voltage amplitude of 6-12kV and a pulse leading edge of 8-10ns;

[0035] The high-voltage nanosecond pulse generator is a compact Marx generator based on a gas switch. Its main capacitor is a high-voltage ceramic capacitor, and the gas switch is a stainless steel ball switch. The output voltage amplitude is 75-300kV, the pulse leading edge is 3-5ns, and the half-width at half-maximum (WHM) is 26-28ns.

[0036] Furthermore, the output switch and the external bounded wave antenna system are integrated into one system.

[0037] Furthermore, the load cable is a high-voltage coaxial cable with a characteristic impedance of 50Ω;

[0038] The electric field non-uniformity coefficient between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode is less than 1.2;

[0039] Both the anode electrode and the cathode electrode are made of stainless steel or brass.

[0040] The adjustment range of the adjusting nut is 0 to 8 mm.

[0041] Furthermore, the working gas inside the high-voltage nanosecond pulse generator is nitrogen or sulfur hexafluoride gas, with a pressure of 0.1–0.5 MPa;

[0042] The working gas inside the output switch is nitrogen, with a pressure of 0.1–0.6 MPa;

[0043] The power source is a high-voltage DC power source.

[0044] The operating voltage of the triggering system is 1-2kV;

[0045] The operating voltage of the high-voltage nanosecond pulse generator is 5–20 kV.

[0046] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0047] 1. This invention utilizes a first-stage pulse compression technique to achieve fast leading edge and high-voltage pulse output, avoiding the introduction of a steepening circuit for the pulse power drive source in traditional electromagnetic pulse simulation devices. The high-voltage coaxial cable simultaneously serves to transmit the primary high voltage and drive the load antenna, simplifying the design process of the vertically polarized electromagnetic pulse simulation device, reducing the design difficulty of the pulse power source, and facilitating the miniaturization of the simulation device.

[0048] 2. This invention utilizes a fast-leading-edge high-voltage nanosecond pulse generator as the primary pulse power source, which broadens the working range of the output switch. The working parameters of the output switch (insulating gas pressure and electrode gap distance) can be flexibly adjusted within a wide range, and the consistency of the output pulse amplitude can be guaranteed throughout the entire working range of the output switch, thereby improving the effectiveness of waveform verification at the test site.

[0049] 3. This invention adopts a comprehensive design method of output switch and waveguide antenna load, so that the tilt angle of the switch output electrode and the tilt angle of the front cone section of the waveguide antenna are consistent, the overall structure is more continuous, and distortion-free pulse waveform feeding and transmission can be achieved. The inductance of the output switch circuit is reduced, and the leading edge of the radiated electric field waveform of the electromagnetic pulse simulation device can reach the sub-nanosecond level, which is conducive to the generation of electromagnetic pulse environment with faster leading edge and broadens the range of objects for strong electromagnetic pulse resistance test. Attached Figure Description

[0050] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a pulse power source embodiment of the present invention used in a vertically polarized bounded wave electromagnetic pulse simulation device;

[0051] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the output switch in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 3 This is an internal circuit diagram of the all-solid-state nanosecond pulse generator in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 4 This is an internal circuit diagram of the high-voltage nanosecond pulse generator in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 5 This is a measured electric field waveform diagram in the test space when driving a vertically polarized bounded wave antenna in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0055] Icon labels:

[0056] 1. Signal generator; 2. Electro-optic to photoelectric converter; 3. All-solid-state nanosecond pulse generator; 4. Trigger cable; 5. High-voltage nanosecond pulse generator; 6. Power supply; 7. Load cable; 8. Output switch; 8-1. Switch ground plate; 8-2. Load cable fixing cover; 8-3. Anode insulator; 8-4. Grounding cover; 8-5. Insulating cylinder; 8-6. Anode electrode; 8-7. Cathode electrode; 8-8. Cathode cover; 8-9. Adjusting nut; 9. Pneumatic control system; 10. Trigger system; 11. Waveguide antenna; 12. Matching resistor; 13. Analog device ground plate; 14. Bounded wave antenna system. Detailed Implementation

[0057] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0058] The direct-drive bounded-wave electromagnetic pulse simulation device pulse power source provided by this invention, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes a power supply 6, a triggering system 10, a high-voltage nanosecond pulse generator 5, a load cable 7, an output switch 8, and a pneumatic control system 9.

[0059] Triggering system 10 is used to generate fast-leading high-voltage pulses. Triggering system 10 includes a signal generator 1, an electro-optic-to-photoelectric converter 2, and an all-solid-state nanosecond pulse generator 3. The output terminal of signal generator 1 is connected to the input terminal of electro-optic-to-photoelectric converter 2, and the output terminal of electro-optic-to-photoelectric converter 2 is connected to the trigger port of all-solid-state nanosecond pulse generator 3. All-solid-state nanosecond pulse generator 3 includes a Marx circuit based on an avalanche transistor, employing... Figure 3 The base trigger circuit topology shown can effectively reduce the current density during the conduction of the avalanche transistor, improving the stability and reliability of the pulse generator circuit. The output terminal of the all-solid-state nanosecond pulse generator 3 is connected to the trigger electrode of the high-voltage nanosecond pulse generator 5 via the trigger cable 4; the output terminal of the high-voltage nanosecond pulse generator 5 is connected to the input terminal of the load cable 7.

[0060] Power supply 6 is connected to the charging ports of the all-solid-state nanosecond pulse generator 3 and the high-voltage nanosecond pulse generator 5 in the triggering system 10. Power supply 6 is a high-voltage DC charging power supply used to provide the operating voltage for the all-solid-state nanosecond pulse generator 3 and the high-voltage nanosecond pulse generator 5. The operating voltage of the all-solid-state nanosecond pulse generator 3 is 1-2kV, its output voltage amplitude is 6-12kV, and its pulse leading edge is 8-10ns. The operating voltage of the high-voltage nanosecond pulse generator 5 is 5-20kV. The high-voltage nanosecond pulse generator 5 is an insulated compact Marx generator based on a gas switch, in which the main capacitor is a high-voltage ceramic capacitor, and the switch is a stainless steel ball switch. Specifically, the first-stage switch is a trigger tube type switch, which is triggered and turned on under the action of the nanosecond pulse generated by the triggering system 10. The remaining stages of the switch are all self-breakdown type switches. The high-voltage nanosecond pulse generator 5 uses... Figure 4The circuit topology shown utilizes the distributed capacitance between the electrodes and ground to steepen the output pulse, resulting in an output voltage amplitude of 75–300 kV, a pulse leading edge of 3–5 ns, and a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 26–28 ns. The output terminal of the high-voltage nanosecond pulse generator 5 is connected to the input terminal of the load cable 7 to generate high-voltage nanosecond pulses. The load cable 7 is a high-voltage coaxial cable with a characteristic impedance of 50 Ω, capable of withstanding a voltage amplitude of not less than 300 kV under pulse voltages with a leading edge of 3–5 ns and a FWHM of 26–28 ns. The output terminal of the load cable 7 is connected to the input terminal of the output switch 8 to transmit the high-voltage nanosecond pulses.

[0061] Output switch 8 is used to steepen the leading edge of the pulse generated by the high-voltage nanosecond pulse generator, ensuring the pulse waveform meets the requirements of the necessary test environment, and driving the vertically polarized bounded wave antenna to form a standard electromagnetic pulse radiation field. The specific settings of output switch 8 are as follows:

[0062] like Figure 2As shown, the output switch 8 consists of a switch ground plate 8-1, a load cable fixing cover 8-2, an anode insulator 8-3, a grounding cover 8-4, an insulating cylinder 8-5, an anode electrode 8-6, a cathode electrode 8-7, a cathode cover 8-8, and an adjusting nut 8-9. The insulating cylinder 8-5 is filled with working gas and is insulated by high-pressure gas, with a maximum withstand gas pressure of not less than 1.0 MPa. The insulating cylinder 8-5 is made of plexiglass material, and its mechanical strength and insulation strength must be strictly verified. Grounding cover plate 8-4 and cathode cover plate 8-8 are respectively screwed onto both ends of insulating cylinder 8-5. Meanwhile, one side of grounding cover plate 8-4 is fixedly connected to the analog device ground electrode plate 13 in external bounded wave antenna system 14 via switch ground electrode plate 8-1; switch ground electrode plate 8-1 and analog device ground electrode plate 13 are connected by bolts; anode electrode 8-6 is hemispherical and located inside insulating cylinder 8-5; one end of anode insulator 8-3 is connected to the plane of anode electrode 8-6, and the other end extends out of grounding cover plate 8-4; load cable... The output end (i.e., its inner core) of electrode 7 passes through the anode insulator 8-3 and connects to the anode electrode 8-6; the cathode electrode 8-7 includes a hemispherical cathode electrode head and a cathode guide rod; a through hole is provided in the middle of the cathode cover plate 8-8; the cathode electrode head is located inside the insulating cylinder 8-5 and is opposite to the apex of the anode electrode 8-6; the cathode guide rod extends out of the through hole and connects to the waveguide antenna 11 in the external bounded wave antenna system 14; at the same time, a guide groove is provided on the inner wall of the through hole along its axial direction; a protrusion is provided on the outer wall of the cathode guide rod; the protrusion extends into the guide groove and is fitted with the guide groove with a clearance. Both the anode electrode 8-6 and the cathode electrode 8-7 are made of stainless steel or brass, and the non-uniformity coefficient between the electrodes is less than 1.2. It is worth noting that the cathode electrode head and the cathode guide rod are an integral structure. A retaining ring is provided on the side of the cathode cover plate 8-8 away from the insulating cylinder 8-5; an annular groove is provided on the inner wall of the retaining ring; an annular protrusion is provided on the outer wall of the adjusting nut 8-9; the adjusting nut 8-9 is fitted into the retaining ring, so that the annular protrusion and the annular groove engage, and the adjusting nut 8-9 is fitted outside the cathode guide rod; a gap is provided between the outer wall of the annular protrusion and the inner wall of the annular groove, so that the adjusting nut 8-9 can rotate around the cathode guide rod to adjust the position of the cathode electrode 8-7 along its axis, and the electrode gap distance between the anode electrode 8-6 and the cathode electrode head can be adjusted within the range of 0 to 8 mm.

[0063] To ensure the continuity of the bounded wave antenna system structure and impedance, the output switch 8 and the external bounded wave antenna system 14 are designed as a single unit. The output switch 8 is tilted, and the tilt angle is consistent with the angle between the front cone section of the waveguide antenna 11 and the ground plate 13. In other words, the central axes of the anode electrode 8-6 and the cathode electrode 8-7 are parallel to the front cone section in the external bounded wave antenna system 14.

[0064] The gas path control system 9 is used to control the working gas and pressure of the high-voltage nanosecond pulse generator and the output switch. The gas path control system 9 is connected to the gas path interfaces of the high-voltage nanosecond pulse generator 5 and the output switch 8. The working gas of the high-voltage nanosecond pulse generator 5 is nitrogen or sulfur hexafluoride, selected according to the working voltage, and the working gas pressure is adjustable within the range of 0.1–0.5 MPa. The working gas of the output switch 8 is nitrogen, and the working gas pressure is adjustable within the range of 0.1–0.6 MPa.

[0065] The matching resistor 12 at the end of the waveguide antenna 11 should be consistent with the characteristic impedance of the waveguide antenna.

[0066] In practical operation, this invention adjusts the pulse amplitude of the feed waveguide antenna by adjusting the operating voltage of the high-voltage nanosecond pulse generator 5, and adjusts the leading edge of the feed waveguide antenna by adjusting the operating state (electrode gap distance and working gas pressure) of the output switch 8, thus achieving flexible adjustment of the electric field waveform in the test space inside the final simulation device. After determining the gap distance using the precision thread on the cathode guide rod in the output switch 8, the gas pressure inside the output switch 8 is adjusted to a preset value by the gas path control system 9. The gas path control system 9 selects the type of working gas for the high-voltage nanosecond pulse generator 5 and presets its working gas pressure. After the power supply 6 charges the all-solid-state nanosecond pulse generator 3 and the high-voltage nanosecond pulse generator 5 to the preset working voltage, the signal generator 1 generates a TTL signal, which is fed into the trigger port of the all-solid-state nanosecond pulse generator 3 via the electro-optic-photoelectric converter 2, realizing the trigger establishment of the all-solid-state nanosecond pulse generator 3. The generated trigger pulse is loaded onto the trigger electrode of the first-stage switch of the high-voltage nanosecond pulse generator 5 through the trigger cable 4, causing the high-voltage nanosecond pulse generator 5 to be triggered, and then fed into the output switch 8 through the load cable 7. By steepening the output switch 8, the wavefront time of the input pulse is reduced, generating a pulse waveform conforming to the IEC-61000-2-9 standard, which drives the bounded wave antenna of the analog device to form a standard radiation field waveform. The leading edge of the excitation pulse waveform is mainly determined by the resistance and inductance of the output switch 8 in conducting the plasma channel.

[0067] like Figure 5 As shown, the electric field waveform leading edge (the time for the voltage amplitude to rise from 10% to 90% of the peak value) is 2.1 ns, the half width at half maximum (the duration from 50% of the peak value on the wavefront to 50% of the peak value on the wavefront) is 21.5 ns, and the radiation field amplitude is 103 kV / m.

[0068] This invention utilizes a high-voltage nanosecond pulse generator to discharge to a load cable to directly drive a vertically polarized bounded wave antenna containing an output switch. This enables the miniaturization of the pulse power source for a vertically polarized bounded wave electromagnetic pulse simulation device, while also facilitating control and allowing for flexible adjustment of the output pulse amplitude and leading edge.

[0069] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A pulse power source for a direct-drive bounded-wave electromagnetic pulse simulation device, characterized in that: It includes a power supply (6), a triggering system (10), a high-voltage nanosecond pulse generator (5), a load cable (7), an output switch (8), and a pneumatic control system (9); The power supply (6) is connected to the charging ports of the triggering system (10) and the high-voltage nanosecond pulse generator (5) respectively, and is used to charge the capacitors in the triggering system (10) and the high-voltage nanosecond pulse generator (5); The triggering system (10) is connected to the trigger electrode of the high-voltage nanosecond pulse generator (5) to generate a fast-leading high-voltage pulse, so that the high-voltage nanosecond pulse generator (5) can achieve trigger establishment. The output end of the high-voltage nanosecond pulse generator (5) is connected to the input end of the load cable (7), and the high-voltage nanosecond pulse generator (5) is used to generate high-voltage nanosecond pulses; The output end of the load cable (7) is connected to the input end of the output switch (8) for transmitting the high-voltage nanosecond pulse; The output terminal of the output switch (8) is connected to the waveguide antenna (11) in the external bounded wave antenna system. The output switch (8) is used to steepen the leading edge of the high voltage nanosecond pulse so that the pulse waveform meets the requirements of the test environment. The gas path control system (9) is connected to the high-pressure nanosecond pulse generator (5) and the output switch (8) respectively, and is used to control the working gas pressure in the high-pressure nanosecond pulse generator (5) and the output switch (8) respectively.

2. The pulse power source of the direct-drive bounded-wave electromagnetic pulse simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The output switch (8) includes a switch ground plate (8-1), an insulating cylinder (8-5), a grounding cover plate (8-4), a cathode cover plate (8-8), an anode electrode (8-6), an anode insulator (8-3), a cathode electrode (8-7), and an adjusting nut (8-9); The insulating cylinder (8-5) is filled with working gas; The grounding cover plate (8-4) and the cathode cover plate (8-8) are respectively installed on both ends of the insulating cylinder (8-5), and at the same time, one side of the grounding cover plate (8-4) is fixedly connected to the analog device ground electrode plate (13) in the external bounded wave antenna system (14) through the switch ground electrode plate (8-1); The anode electrode (8-6) is hemispherical and located inside the insulating cylinder (8-5); one end of the anode insulator (8-3) is connected to the plane of the anode electrode (8-6), and the other end extends out of the grounding cover plate (8-4); The output end of the load cable (7) passes through the center of the anode insulator (8-3) and is connected to the anode electrode (8-6); The cathode electrode (8-7) includes a hemispherical cathode electrode head and a cathode guide rod; the cathode cover plate (8-8) has a through hole in the middle; the cathode electrode head is located inside the insulating cylinder (8-5) and is opposite to the vertex of the anode electrode (8-6); one end of the cathode guide rod is connected to the plane of the cathode electrode head, and the other end extends out of the through hole and is connected to the waveguide antenna (11) in the external bounded wave antenna system (14); The adjusting nut (8-9) is fitted onto the side of the cathode cover plate (8-8) away from the insulating cylinder (8-5) and threaded onto the cathode guide rod, so that the adjusting nut (8-9) can rotate around the cathode guide rod to adjust the position of the cathode electrode (8-7) along its axis.

3. The pulse power source of the direct-drive bounded-wave electromagnetic pulse simulation device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The central axes of both the anode electrode (8-6) and the cathode electrode (8-7) are parallel to the front cone section of the external bounded wave antenna system.

4. The pulse power source of the direct-drive bounded-wave electromagnetic pulse simulation device according to claim 3, characterized in that: A guide groove is provided on the inner wall of the through hole along its axial direction; The outer wall of the cathode guide rod is provided with protrusions; The protrusion extends into the guide groove and is fitted with a clearance between the guide groove and the groove.

5. The pulse power source of the direct-drive bounded-wave electromagnetic pulse simulation device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The cathode cover plate (8-8) is provided with a retaining ring on the side away from the insulating cylinder (8-5); The inner wall of the mounting ring is provided with an annular groove; The outer wall of the adjusting nut (8-9) is provided with an annular protrusion; The adjusting nut (8-9) is fitted inside the retaining ring, so that the annular protrusion engages with the annular groove. A gap is provided between the outer wall of the annular protrusion and the inner wall of the annular groove.

6. The pulse power source of the direct-drive bounded-wave electromagnetic pulse simulation device according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that: The triggering system (10) includes a signal generator (1), an electro-optic-photoelectric converter (2), an all-solid-state nanosecond pulse generator (3), and a trigger cable (4); The output terminal of the signal generator (1) is connected to the input terminal of the electro-optic-photoelectric converter (2); The output terminal of the electro-optic-photoelectric converter (2) is connected to the trigger terminal of the all-solid-state nanosecond pulse generator (3); The output terminal of the all-solid-state nanosecond pulse generator (3) is connected to the trigger electrode of the high-voltage nanosecond pulse generator (5) via a trigger cable (4); The power supply (6) is connected to the charging port on the all-solid-state nanosecond pulse generator (3).

7. The pulse power source of the direct-drive bounded-wave electromagnetic pulse simulation device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The all-solid-state nanosecond pulse generator (3) is a Marx generator based on an avalanche transistor, with an output voltage amplitude of 6 to 12 kV and a pulse leading edge of 8 to 10 ns. The high-voltage nanosecond pulse generator (5) is a compact Marx generator based on a gas switch. Its main capacitor is a high-voltage ceramic capacitor, the gas switch is a stainless steel ball switch, the output voltage amplitude is 75-300kV, the pulse leading edge is 3-5ns, and the half-width at half-maximum is 26-28ns.

8. The pulse power source of the direct-drive bounded-wave electromagnetic pulse simulation device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The output switch (8) and the external bounded wave antenna system are integrated into one system.

9. The pulse power source of the direct-drive bounded-wave electromagnetic pulse simulation device according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The load cable (7) is a high-voltage coaxial cable with a characteristic impedance of 50Ω; The electric field non-uniformity coefficient between the anode electrode (8-6) and the cathode electrode (8-7) is less than 1.2; Both the anode electrode (8-6) and the cathode electrode (8-7) are made of stainless steel or brass; The adjustment range of the adjusting nut (8-9) is 0-8mm.

10. The pulse power source of the direct-drive bounded-wave electromagnetic pulse simulation device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The working gas inside the high-voltage nanosecond pulse generator (5) is nitrogen or sulfur hexafluoride gas, and its pressure is 0.1 to 0.5 MPa; The working gas inside the output switch (8) is nitrogen, with a pressure of 0.1 to 0.6 MPa; The power supply (6) is a DC power supply; The operating voltage of the triggering system (10) is 1-2kV; The operating voltage of the high-voltage nanosecond pulse generator (5) is 5-20kV.

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