Potato harvesting device and harvesting method

Abstract

The invention discloses a potato harvesting device and a harvesting method, comprising a seedling removing mechanism, a frame, a soil crushing mechanism, a digging mechanism, a separation and conveying mechanism, a potato collecting box and a lifting and collecting mechanism; the seedling removing mechanism is arranged at the front end of the frame; the separation and conveying mechanism is obliquely arranged at the lower middle part of the frame; wherein the front end of the separation and conveying mechanism is a low position end, and the rear end is a high position end; the soil crushing mechanism is arranged at the front end of the separation and conveying mechanism; the digging mechanism is arranged between the soil crushing mechanism and the separation and conveying mechanism; the lifting and collecting mechanism is vertically arranged at the rear end of the frame; the potato collecting box is arranged above the frame and placed at the front end of the lifting and collecting mechanism; the invention realizes the integration of seedling removing, digging, soil screening and collection by arranging the seedling removing mechanism, the soil crushing mechanism, the digging mechanism, the separation and conveying mechanism and the lifting and collecting mechanism, thereby reducing the potato breakage rate and greatly improving the potato collection efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and in particular relates to a potato harvesting device and a harvesting method. Background Art

[0002] As one of the main food crops, potato's output is second only to wheat, rice and corn. Potato can be eaten as both a vegetable and a food. Therefore, it is a dual-purpose crop. How to improve the level of mechanization in potato production is of great significance to promoting the process of potato becoming a staple food and ensuring food security.

[0003] In the prior art, potatoes are mostly harvested by manual digging with a pickaxe, and picked up and bagged by manual labor or by relying on a plow pulled by an ox. In addition, at present, a potato vine removing and collecting machine is also used to harvest potatoes, but the working process of the existing potato vine removing and collecting machine is prone to soil retention and gully blockage. Soil gully blockage not only hinders the transportation of potato-containing soil, but also greatly increases the traction resistance of the machine. At the same time, the mechanical parts are also prone to cuts and burying potatoes, resulting in poor operation quality and large losses. In the later stage, a large amount of manpower and material resources are relied on for bagging and transportation. Therefore, the existing potato vine removing and collecting machine has a single function, a low degree of automation, and is prone to damage to potatoes, resulting in poor potato harvest quality and low harvesting efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the technical problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a potato harvesting device and a harvesting method to solve the technical problems of poor harvesting quality and low harvesting efficiency in the prior art potato harvesting process.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] The present invention provides a potato harvesting device, comprising a seedling removal mechanism, a frame, a soil crushing mechanism, a digging mechanism, a separation and conveying mechanism, a potato collecting box and a lifting and collecting mechanism;

[0007] The seedling removal mechanism is arranged at the front end of the frame and is used to remove potato seedlings and ground weeds;

[0008] The separation and conveying mechanism is obliquely arranged at the lower middle part of the frame, and is used to screen the excavated potatoes and convey them to the lifting and collecting mechanism; wherein the front end of the separation and conveying mechanism is a low position end, and the rear end is a high position end;

[0009] The soil crushing mechanism is arranged at the front end of the separation and conveying mechanism, and is used to crush the land after the seedlings are removed and the weeds are removed;

[0010] The digging mechanism is arranged between the soil crushing mechanism and the separation and conveying mechanism, and is used to dig potatoes out of the crushed soil and convey them to the front end of the separation and conveying mechanism;

[0011] The lifting and collecting mechanism is vertically arranged at the rear of the frame, and is used to transport the potatoes after the soil screening process to the potato collecting box;

[0012] The potato collecting box is arranged above the vehicle frame and placed at the front end of the lifting and collecting mechanism, and is used for receiving and storing the potatoes transported by the lifting and collecting mechanism.

[0013] Furthermore, the seedling removing mechanism includes a front hood, a seedling removing baffle and a plurality of seedling removing blades; the front hood is arranged at the front end of the frame, the seedling removing baffle is vertically arranged at the front end of the front hood, and a plurality of seedling entry notches are evenly arranged at the lower end of the seedling removing baffle; a plurality of seedling removing blades are horizontally arranged in the front hood and are arranged in parallel up and down; wherein the blades on the upper and lower adjacent seedling removing blades are staggered.

[0014] Furthermore, the soil crushing mechanism comprises a deep-entrapment wheel, which is horizontally arranged below the frame; the deep-entrapment wheel comprises a plurality of deep-entrapment wheel blades, a deep-entrapment wheel axle, an L-shaped fixing member and a wheel axle mounting rod;

[0015] The sunken wheel axle is horizontally arranged below the frame through an axle mounting rod; an axial groove is arranged on one side of the sunken wheel axle, and an axial slide rail is arranged on the other side of the sunken wheel axle; wherein the axial groove and the axial slide rail are arranged horizontally and parallel, and are both arranged along the entire length of the sunken wheel axle;

[0016] A plurality of the deep-entrapment blades are evenly sleeved on the deep-entrapment wheel shaft, and the deep-entrapment blades are hollow disc-shaped structures; wherein, a fixing protrusion is provided on one side of the inner hole of the deep-entrapment blade, one end of the fixing protrusion is fixedly connected to one side of the inner hole of the deep-entrapment blade, and the other end is cooperatedly arranged in the axial groove; the L-shaped fixing part is provided between the deep-entrapment wheel shaft and the deep-entrapment blade, one end of the L-shaped fixing part is cooperatedly arranged in the axial slide rail, and the other end is connected to the other side of the inner hole of the deep-entrapment blade.

[0017] Furthermore, the excavation mechanism includes two excavation shovels; the two excavation shovels are symmetrically arranged below the frame, and the symmetry axes of the two excavation shovels coincide with the longitudinal center axis of the frame;

[0018] The digging shovel is an arc-shaped plate structure, one end of the digging shovel is arranged close to the ground, and the other end is connected to the vehicle frame.

[0019] Furthermore, the separation and conveying mechanism includes a first separation mechanism and a second separation mechanism; the first separation mechanism is inclined and the second separation mechanism is horizontally arranged; wherein the lower end of the first separation mechanism is connected to the outlet end of the excavation mechanism, the upper end of the first separation mechanism is connected to one end of the second separation mechanism, and the other end of the second separation mechanism is connected to the lower end of the lifting and collection mechanism.

[0020] Furthermore, the first separation mechanism comprises a first driving wheel shaft, two first conveyor belts, a first driven wheel shaft and a plurality of first separation bars;

[0021] The first driving wheel shaft is arranged in parallel with the first driven wheel shaft, and the installation height of the first driving wheel shaft is higher than the installation height of the first driven wheel shaft; wherein the first driving wheel shaft is arranged away from one end of the excavating mechanism, and the first driven wheel shaft is arranged close to one end of the excavating mechanism;

[0022] Two first conveyor belts are arranged in parallel with each other and are inclined between the first driving wheel shaft and the first driven wheel shaft; one end of the first conveyor belt is connected to the first driving wheel shaft, and the other end of the first conveyor belt is connected to the first driven wheel shaft; a plurality of first separation bars are arranged in parallel with each other between the two first conveyor belts, and a falling gap for the required separated objects to fall is provided between adjacent first separation bars.

[0023] Furthermore, the second separation mechanism comprises a second driving wheel shaft, two second conveyor belts, a second driven wheel shaft and a plurality of second separation bars; the second driving wheel shaft and the second driven wheel shaft are arranged horizontally and parallel; wherein the second driving wheel shaft is arranged close to one end of the first driving wheel shaft, and the second driven wheel shaft is arranged close to one end of the lifting and collecting mechanism;

[0024] Two second conveyor belts are arranged in parallel at intervals and horizontally between the second driving wheel shaft and the second driven wheel shaft, one end of the second conveyor belt is connected to the second driving wheel shaft, and the other end of the second conveyor belt is connected to the second driven wheel shaft; a plurality of second separation bars are arranged in parallel at intervals between the two second conveyor belts, and a falling gap for the required separated objects to fall is provided between the connected second separation bars.

[0025] Furthermore, the lifting and collecting mechanism includes a first pulley, a second pulley, two conveyor belts, a screen and a plurality of trapezoidal potato boxes;

[0026] The first belt pulley and the second belt pulley are arranged in parallel up and down, and two conveyor belts are arranged in parallel and spaced apart between the first belt pulley and the second belt pulley; wherein the upper end of the conveyor belt is connected to the first belt pulley, and the lower end of the conveyor belt is connected to the second belt pulley;

[0027] A plurality of trapezoidal potato boxes are evenly distributed between two conveyor belts, wherein the trapezoidal potato boxes are trapezoidal box-shaped structures with an open top and a closed bottom; the bottom of the trapezoidal potato boxes is rotatably connected to the conveyor belt; the screen is obliquely arranged in the potato collecting box and is arranged near the rear end of the potato collecting box; wherein the upper end of the screen is arranged near one side of the trapezoidal potato box for receiving potatoes that fall after the trapezoidal potato box is turned over; the lower end of the screen extends toward the front bottom of the potato collecting box.

[0028] Furthermore, it also includes an external transport conveyor belt; the external transport conveyor belt is obliquely arranged at the front end of the potato collecting box, and is used to transport the potatoes in the potato collecting box to external transportation equipment.

[0029] The present invention also provides a potato harvesting method, using the potato harvesting device;

[0030] Wherein, the harvesting method comprises the following steps:

[0031] Use the seedling removal mechanism to remove potato seedlings and ground weeds;

[0032] Use the soil crushing mechanism to crush the land after removing the seedlings and weeds;

[0033] Using the digging mechanism, digging the potatoes out from the crushed soil and conveying them to the separation and conveying mechanism;

[0034] The excavated potatoes are screened by the separation and conveying mechanism, and then conveyed to the lifting and collecting mechanism;

[0035] The lifting and collecting mechanism is used to transport the potatoes after the soil screening process to a potato collecting box for storage.

[0036] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0037] The present invention provides a potato harvesting device and a harvesting method. By arranging a seedling removal mechanism, a soil crushing mechanism, a digging mechanism, a separation and conveying mechanism and a lifting and collecting mechanism, the seedling removal, digging, soil screening and collection are integrated, the potato breakage rate is reduced and the potato collection efficiency is greatly improved; wherein, by arranging the seedling removal mechanism, the seedling grass can be prevented from winding around the machine to cause traction resistance; by arranging the soil crushing mechanism, large soil blocks can be broken and soil retention and gully blockage can be prevented; by arranging the separation and conveying mechanism, the potato breakage rate can be reduced and the soil can be effectively separated; by arranging the lifting and collecting mechanism, the potato pieces can be returned to the basket, avoiding the phenomenon of manual picking and re-burying; the device has a simple structure and is easy to operate, which greatly saves labor costs and can complete the potato collection work of large farms.

[0038] Furthermore, by providing an axial groove and an axial slide rail on the deep wheel axle, the radial positioning of the deep wheel blade is achieved by utilizing the cooperation between the axial groove and the fixing protrusion on the deep wheel blade; the deep wheel blade is fixed by utilizing an L-shaped fixing member provided in the axial slide rail to achieve axial positioning of the deep wheel blade; and by adjusting the installation spacing of the deep wheel blade on the deep wheel axle, the soil breaking and harvesting of potatoes at different planting spacings can be achieved, thereby avoiding damage to the potatoes. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the potato harvesting device described in the embodiment;

[0040] Figure 2 A top view of a potato harvesting device according to an embodiment;

[0041] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the seedling removal mechanism in the embodiment;

[0042] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the soil crushing mechanism in the embodiment;

[0043] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the local structure of the sunken axle in the embodiment;

[0044] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the structure of the L-shaped fixing member in the embodiment;

[0045] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the digging shovel in the embodiment;

[0046] Figure 8 It is a structural schematic diagram of the separation and conveying mechanism in the embodiment;

[0047] Fig. 9 It is a structural schematic diagram of the lifting and collecting mechanism in the embodiment;

[0048] Fig.10 It is a structural schematic diagram of the steering walking mechanism in the embodiment.

[0049] Among them, 1 is a seedling removal mechanism; 2 is a steering travel mechanism; 3 is a vehicle frame; 4 is a separation and conveying mechanism; 5 is an operating cab; 6 is an external transport conveyor belt; 7 is a potato collection box; 8 is a lifting and collecting mechanism; 9 is a crawler travel mechanism; 10 is an excavating shovel; 11 is a deep-seated wheel; 12 is a seedling removal baffle; 13 is a front gear box; 14 is a front power box; 15 is a seedling removal blade; 16 is a hydraulic push rod; 17 is a wheel body; 18 is a wheel sleeve; 19 is a steering knuckle arm; 20 is a cross arm; 21 is a front axle; 22 is a universal shaft; 23 is a steering gear; 24 is a steering tie rod; 25 is a deep-seated wheel blade; 26 is a first separation grid bar; 27 is a vehicle mirror; 28 is a horizontal separation and conveying device; 29 is a first driving wheel axle; 30 is a second driving wheel axle; 31 is an adjustable baffle conveyor belt; 32 is a screen; 33 is a potato inverting baffle; 34 is a trapezoidal potato box; 35 is a driving gear; 36 is a deep-seated wheel axle; 37 is an L-shaped fixing piece; 38 is an axial groove; 39 is an axial slide rail. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects solved by the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail in the following specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0051] Example

[0052] As attached Figure 1-2 As shown, this embodiment provides a potato harvesting device, including a seedling removing mechanism 1, a steering traveling mechanism 2, a frame 3, a soil crushing mechanism, a digging mechanism, a separation and conveying mechanism 4, a control cab 5, an external transport conveyor belt 6, a potato collecting box 7, a lifting and collecting mechanism 8, a crawler traveling mechanism 9 and a monitoring device.

[0053] The frame 3 is arranged horizontally, and includes a front frame and a rear frame; wherein the rear end of the front frame is rotatably connected to the front end of the rear frame; the seedling removal mechanism 1 is arranged at the front end of the front frame, and the steering walking mechanism 2 is arranged at the front end of the front frame and is located at the rear side of the seedling removal mechanism 1; the separation and conveying mechanism 4 is arranged obliquely at the rear end of the front frame and extends to the rear end of the rear frame; the soil crushing mechanism is arranged at the front end of the separation and conveying mechanism 4, and the digging mechanism is arranged between the soil crushing mechanism and the separation and conveying mechanism 4; the control cab 5 is arranged above the rear end of the front frame, and the potato collection box 7 is arranged Above the front end of the rear frame; wherein, reversing mirrors 27 are also arranged on both sides of the control cab 5; the reversing mirrors 27 are installed on both sides of the front frame and are arranged close to the control cab 5; the lifting and collecting mechanism 8 is vertically arranged above the tail end of the rear frame and is placed at the rear end of the potato collecting box 7; the external transport conveyor belt 6 is obliquely arranged at the front end of the potato collecting box 7; the crawler walking mechanism 9 is arranged on both sides of the bottom of the rear frame; the monitoring equipment is installed on the separation and conveying mechanism, the lifting and collecting mechanism and the left and right sides of the vehicle body, and is used to obtain video information around the separation and conveying mechanism, the lifting and collecting mechanism and the left and right sides of the vehicle body.

[0054] In this embodiment, the seedling removal mechanism 1 is used to remove potato seedlings and ground weeds; the soil crushing mechanism is used to crush the land after seedling removal and weeding; the digging mechanism is used to dig potatoes out of the crushed land and transport them to the front end of the separation and conveying mechanism 4; the separation and conveying mechanism is used to screen the excavated potatoes and transport them to the lifting and collecting mechanism 8; the lifting and collecting mechanism 8 is used to transport the potatoes after the soil screening process to the potato collecting box 7; the potato collecting box 7 is used to receive and store the potatoes transported by the lifting and collecting mechanism 8; the external transport conveyor belt 6 is used to transport the potatoes in the potato collecting box 7 to external transportation equipment; the steering walking mechanism 2 and the crawler walking mechanism 9 are used to drive the harvesting device to move and turn.

[0055] As attached Figure 3As shown, the seedling removing mechanism 1 includes a front hood, a seedling removing baffle 12, a front gear box 13, a front power box 14 and a plurality of seedling removing blades 15; the front hood is arranged at the front end of the front frame, the seedling removing baffle 12 is vertically arranged at the front end of the front hood, and the lower end of the seedling removing baffle 12 is evenly provided with a plurality of seedling entry notches; a plurality of seedling removing blades 15 are horizontally arranged in the front hood and are arranged in parallel up and down; wherein the blades on the upper and lower adjacent seedling removing blades 15 are arranged alternately; the front gear box 13 and the front power box 14 are both arranged on the side of the front hood, the output end of the front gear box 13 is connected to the power input end of the seedling removing blade 15, and the input end of the front gear box 13 is connected to the output end of the front power box 14.

[0056] In this embodiment, considering that potatoes are generally planted according to a preset row spacing, the seedling removing mechanism 1 is arranged at the front end of the frame 3, and the overall width of the seedling removing mechanism 1 is determined according to the width requirement of harvesting two rows of potatoes at a time; the seedling removing baffle 12 is made of a rubber material with good elasticity to ensure that it can restore its shape after the force applied to the seedling removing baffle 12 is removed; by providing the seedling removing baffle 12, it is possible to effectively prevent subsequent mechanisms from being blocked, thereby ensuring the reliable operation of the harvesting device.

[0057] In this embodiment, the seedling removing blades 15 are arranged in three rows in an alternating manner; wherein, the seedling removing blades 15 are fixed to the front cover of the vehicle through a blade mounting box; and according to the height of potatoes to be harvested, the installation height of the seedling removing blades 15 is set to completely chop the potato seedlings, which is beneficial for subsequent mechanisms to effectively separate the seedlings and potatoes; wherein, the seedling removing blades 15 are made of 45# steel.

[0058] As attached Figure 4-6 As shown, the soil crushing mechanism includes a sinking wheel 11; the sinking wheel 11 is horizontally arranged at the lower front end of the front frame 3, and the sinking wheel 11 includes a plurality of sinking wheel blades 25, a sinking wheel axle 36, an L-shaped fixing part 37 and a wheel axle mounting rod.

[0059] The sunken wheel axle 36 is horizontally arranged below the front frame through the wheel axle mounting rod; an axial groove 38 is arranged on one side of the sunken wheel axle 36, and an axial slide rail 39 is arranged on the other side of the sunken wheel axle 36; wherein the axial groove 38 and the axial slide rail 39 are arranged horizontally and parallel, and are both arranged along the entire length of the sunken wheel axle 36;

[0060] A plurality of the deep-entrapment blades 25 are evenly sleeved on the deep-entrapment wheel shaft 36, and the deep-entrapment blades 25 are hollow disc-shaped structures; wherein, a fixing protrusion is provided on one side of the inner hole of the deep-entrapment blade 25, one end of the fixing protrusion is fixedly connected to one side of the inner hole of the deep-entrapment blade 25, and the other end is cooperatedly arranged in the axial groove 38; the L-shaped fixing member 37 is provided between the deep-entrapment wheel shaft 36 and the deep-entrapment blade 25, one end of the L-shaped fixing member 37 is cooperatedly arranged in the axial slide rail 39, and the other end is connected to the other side of the inner hole of the deep-entrapment blade 25.

[0061] In this embodiment, the wheel axle mounting rod is rotatably arranged between the front frame, and a hydraulic push rod 16 is arranged between the wheel axle mounting rod and the front frame; one end of the hydraulic push rod 16 is connected to the mounting beam on the front frame, and the other end of the hydraulic push rod 16 is connected to the wheel axle mounting rod, so that the deep-entrapped wheel 11 forms an adjustable mechanism; a driving gear 35 is also arranged at the end of the deep-entrapped wheel axle 36, and the driving gear 35 is used to be connected to a power mechanism that drives the deep-entrapped wheel axle 36 to rotate through a chain, so as to provide rotational power for the deep-entrapped wheel axle 36.

[0062] In this embodiment, an axial groove 38 is provided on one side of the deep wheel shaft 36, and an axial slide rail 39 is provided on the other side of the deep wheel shaft 36; the deep wheel blade 25 is fixed on the deep wheel shaft through the fixing protrusion in the center, so as to realize radial fixation of the deep wheel blade; bolt holes are provided on both sides of the axial slide rail 36, and the L-shaped fixing piece is fixed in the bolt holes by bolts; wherein the L-shaped fixing piece includes a horizontal base and a vertical mounting seat; wherein the bolts are connected with the threaded holes on the horizontal base through the bolt holes on the axial slide rail 36, so that the L-shaped fixing piece is fixedly connected to the deep wheel shaft 36; the vertical mounting seat and the deep wheel blade 25 are fixedly connected together by another bolt, so that the L-shaped fixing piece is fixed to the deep wheel blade, so as to realize axial fixation of the deep wheel blade 25; the number and installation spacing of the deep impeller 25 are adjusted according to the planting spacing of potatoes.

[0063] In this embodiment, the radius of the sinking wheel blade is designed according to the planting depth of potatoes to ensure that the diameter of the sinking wheel blade is not too small to be completely buried in the soil; the material of the sinking wheel blade is selected from Q235 steel; a hydraulic push rod 16 is arranged between the front frame and the axle mounting rod, so that the sinking wheel can be adjusted along the circular motion trajectory. The depth of the sinking wheel into the soil is ensured to be always in a tensioned state. A rib plate is arranged in the middle of the axle mounting rod to effectively prevent the device from being subjected to excessive force and to play a supporting role; the device is small in size, and the selected materials are not only small but also light, which can effectively cooperate with the machine to perform its functions without increasing the weight of the machine body.

[0064] As attached Figure 7 As shown, the excavation mechanism includes two excavation shovels 10; the two excavation shovels 10 are symmetrically arranged below the frame 3, and the symmetry axes of the two excavation shovels 10 coincide with the longitudinal center axis of the frame 3; the excavation shovel 10 is an arc-shaped plate structure, one end of the excavation shovel 10 is arranged close to the ground, and the other end is rotatably connected to the frame 3; the angle can be freely adjusted according to local planting needs.

[0065] In this embodiment, the excavation mechanism adopts two parallel excavation shovels 10 on the left and right. The shape of the excavation shovel is designed similar to a bent rectangular parallelepiped, forming a preset angle with the ground; wherein the two excavation shovels 10 are welded to shafts with gears at both ends, and are respectively connected to the anti-reverse gear structures in the two side baffles on the front frame; the excavation shovel 10 is used to dig up potatoes, and then transport the dug potatoes, weeds, small stones and other debris to the separation and conveying mechanism to complete the preliminary separation; wherein, the excavation shovel is made of a wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant alloy steel material in consideration of the large force it bears and the stones in the soil during operation.

[0066] As attached Figure 8 As shown, the separation and conveying mechanism includes a first separation mechanism and a second separation mechanism; the first separation mechanism is inclined and the second separation mechanism is horizontally arranged; wherein the lower end of the first separation mechanism is connected to the outlet end of the excavation mechanism, the upper end of the first separation mechanism is connected to one end of the second separation mechanism, and the other end of the second separation mechanism is connected to the lower end of the lifting and collecting mechanism 8.

[0067] In this embodiment, the first separation mechanism includes a first driving wheel shaft 30, two first conveyor belts, a first driven wheel shaft and a plurality of first separation bars 26; the first driving wheel shaft is arranged in parallel with the first driven wheel shaft, and the installation height of the first driving wheel shaft 30 is higher than the installation height of the first driven wheel shaft; wherein, the first driving wheel shaft 30 is arranged away from one end of the excavation mechanism, and the first driven wheel shaft is arranged close to one end of the excavation mechanism; the two first conveyor belts are arranged in parallel at intervals, and are obliquely arranged between the first driving wheel shaft and the first driven wheel shaft; one end of the first conveyor belt is connected to the first driving wheel shaft, and the other end of the first conveyor belt is connected to the first driven wheel shaft; a plurality of first separation bars 26 are arranged in parallel and at intervals between the two first conveyor belts, and a falling gap for the required separation objects to fall is provided between adjacent first separation bars 26.

[0068] In this embodiment, the second separation mechanism adopts a horizontal separation and conveying device 28, including a second driving wheel shaft 29, two second conveyor belts, a second driven wheel shaft and a plurality of second separation bars; the second driving wheel shaft and the second driven wheel shaft are arranged horizontally and parallel; wherein, the second driving wheel shaft is arranged close to one end of the first driving wheel shaft 30, and the second driven wheel shaft is arranged close to one end of the lifting and collecting mechanism 8; the two second conveyor belts are arranged in parallel at intervals and horizontally between the second driving wheel shaft and the second driven wheel shaft, one end of the second conveyor belt is connected to the second driving wheel shaft, and the other end of the second conveyor belt is connected to the second driven wheel shaft; a plurality of second separation bars are arranged in parallel and at intervals between the two second conveyor belts, and a falling gap for the required separated objects to fall is provided between the connected second separation bars.

[0069] In this embodiment, there are two first separation mechanisms, which are arranged in parallel and separated by an intermediate baffle so as to be able to work independently; the first separation mechanism is arranged in an inclined manner with the front lower and the rear higher; the front end of the first separation mechanism is connected to the outlet end of the excavation mechanism, and the rear end of the first separation mechanism is connected to the second separation mechanism; the second separation mechanism is horizontally arranged at the bottom of the rear frame, one end of the second separation mechanism is connected to the outlet end of the first separation mechanism, and the other end of the second separation mechanism is connected to the inlet end of the lifting and collecting mechanism 8.

[0070] In this embodiment, both the first separation mechanism and the second separation mechanism adopt a shaking separation and conveying device; the two-stage shaking separation and conveying device is installed after the excavation mechanism and connected to the outlet end of the excavation mechanism; wherein the shaking separation and conveying device adopts a cam-type shaker and separation bars, and the separation bars are arranged at a reasonable gap distance to form a soil leakage gap; it has two main functions: one is that the separation device selects a suitable gap size of the separation bars during the rising process of the potatoes, and shakes to separate the soil and weeds under the drive of the cam, and the first separation mechanism part with a low front and a high back is used as a primary lifting mechanism; the second separation mechanism is used as a secondary lifting mechanism to transfer the excavated potatoes to the lifting and collecting mechanism 8.

[0071] As attached Fig. 9As shown, the lifting and collecting mechanism 8 includes a first pulley, a second pulley, two conveyor belts, a screen 32 and a plurality of trapezoidal potato boxes 34; the first pulley and the second pulley are arranged in parallel up and down, and the two conveyor belts are arranged in parallel and spaced between the first pulley and the second pulley; wherein the upper end of the conveyor belt is connected to the first pulley, and the lower end of the conveyor belt is connected to the second pulley; a plurality of trapezoidal potato boxes 34 are evenly distributed between the two conveyor belts, and the trapezoidal potato boxes 34 are trapezoidal box-shaped structures with an open top and a closed bottom; the bottom of the trapezoidal potato boxes 34 is rotatably connected to the conveyor belts; the screen 32 is obliquely arranged in the potato collecting box 7 and is arranged near the rear end of the potato collecting box 7; wherein the upper end of the screen 32 is arranged near one side of the trapezoidal potato box to receive potatoes that fall from the trapezoidal potato box 34 after being turned over; the lower end of the screen 32 extends to the front end bottom of the potato collecting box 7.

[0072] In this embodiment, the inlet end of the lifting and collecting mechanism 8 is connected to the end of the second separation mechanism, wherein an engine is installed at the bottom of the end of the rear frame, which is directly connected to the first and second pulleys through a transmission shaft to drive the conveyor belt to work, and the trapezoidal potato box is installed on the conveyor belt. After lifting to a preset height, under the action of a potato pouring baffle 33 parallel to the screen, the potatoes are automatically poured out, and the potatoes are conveyed to the potato collection box through a screen 32 composed of separation bars with a low front and a high rear; wherein the potato pouring baffle 32 is horizontally arranged at the upper end of the tail of the potato collection box 7; one end of the potato pouring baffle 32 is connected to the upper end of the tail of the potato collection box 7, and the other end of the potato pouring baffle 32 extends to one side of the trapezoidal potato box.

[0073] In this embodiment, the lifting and collecting device is used to receive the potatoes from the horizontal separation and conveying device and lift them for a second time; wherein, the trapezoidal potato box is a rotatable trapezoidal potato box that prevents automatic rollover; during the slow lifting process of the trapezoidal potato box, under the action of the potato dumping baffle 32, the trapezoidal potato box can be automatically flipped, and after the potatoes are completely dumped, the trapezoidal potato box returns to its original state during the lifting process; the dumped potatoes pass through the screen 32, and the screen 32 selects separation bars of a suitable distance to form a soil leakage gap, so as to separate the potatoes and the soil again; a soil discharge plate with a higher left and a lower right is arranged directly below the screen 32 and the separation and conveying device, and the separated soil is sent to the outside of the vehicle body under the action of the slope and the shaking of the vehicle body.

[0074] In this embodiment, the external transport conveyor belt 6 adopts an adjustable baffle conveyor belt 31; the adjustable baffle conveyor belt 31 includes a horizontal conveying section and an inclined conveying section; wherein, the horizontal conveying section is arranged at the front bottom of the potato collecting box 7 and is placed at the lower end of the screen 32; one end of the inclined conveying section is connected to the outlet end of the horizontal conveying section, and the other end of the inclined conveying section extends upward to the outside of the potato collecting box 7; the potatoes passing through the screen 32 are sent to the horizontal conveying section of the adjustable baffle conveyor belt 31; the adjustable baffle conveyor belt 31 is provided with a partition, and the height can be adjusted by hydraulic push rods on both sides to adapt to different types of collection vehicles, and the material is PVC; the adjustable baffle conveyor belt 31 has good belt elasticity, is not easy to deform, and has the characteristics of wear resistance, smash resistance, low noise, energy saving and environmental protection, so as to effectively avoid damage to potatoes when they fall.

[0075] As attached Fig.10 As shown, the steering travel mechanism 2 includes two wheel bodies 17, a wheel sleeve 18, a steering knuckle arm 19, a cross arm 20, a front axle 21, a universal shaft 22, a steering gear 23 and a steering tie rod 24; the front axle 21 is horizontally arranged below the front end of the front frame and is placed at the rear end of the rice seedling removal mechanism 1; the two wheel bodies 17 are respectively arranged at both ends of the front axle 21, and the wheel bodies 17 and the front axle 21 are connected by the wheel sleeve 18; the steering knuckle arm 19 is arranged on the outside of the wheel sleeve 18, one end of the steering knuckle arm 19 is connected to the wheel sleeve 18, and the other end is connected to the output end of the steering gear 23 through the steering tie rod 24; the cross arm 20 and the universal shaft 22 are both arranged in the middle of the front axle 21 for connecting to the rear frame.

[0076] Working principle and usage

[0077] When the potato harvesting device is used to harvest potatoes, the potato seedlings and ground weeds are firstly removed by the seedling removal mechanism 1; the land after the seedling removal and weeding is crushed by the soil crushing mechanism; the potatoes are dug out from the crushed land by the digging mechanism and transported to the separation and transportation mechanism 4; the excavated potatoes are screened by the separation and transportation mechanism 4 and transported to the lifting and collection mechanism 8; the potatoes after the soil screening are transported to the potato collection box 7 for storage by the lifting and collection mechanism 8;

[0078] The specific usage process is as follows:

[0079] The potato harvesting device described in this embodiment relies on the engine to provide motive power. When working, the upper and lower blades of the seedling removal mechanism are relatively moved to remove weeds and seedlings. After that, the deep-sinking wheel is used to crush large clods of soil to prevent soil from being trapped. According to the local potato planting depth, the soil penetration depth is adjusted by the extension and retraction of the hydraulic push rod. Then, the excavated potatoes and clods of soil are sent to the separation and conveying mechanism by using a digging shovel. During the rising process of the first separation mechanism, a suitable screen size is selected, and the screen shakes under the drive of the cam, and soil and weeds continuously fall through the screen to complete the preliminary cleaning of the potatoes. After the preliminary cleaning, the potatoes are sent to the second separation mechanism, and the second separation mechanism sends the potatoes to the lifting and collecting mechanism, and the potatoes are sent to the potato collection box under the rotation of the lifting and collecting mechanism. After the potato collection box is full, the potatoes are loaded onto a truck by using a conveyor belt.

[0080] The potato harvesting device and method described in the present invention can meet the requirements of potato harvesting operations in multiple links; its seedling removal design can prevent seedlings and grass from entangled in the machine and causing traction resistance; its depth-adjustable deep-sinking wheel soil crushing design can prevent soil retention and gully clogging while breaking up large soil blocks; its shaking separation and transportation design can effectively separate potatoes from soil while reducing the potato breakage rate; the lifting and collecting device located at the rear of the vehicle can return the potato pieces to the basket to avoid manual picking and re-burying; the present invention is provided with a seedling removal mechanism, a soil crushing mechanism, a digging mechanism, a separation and transportation mechanism, and a lifting and collecting mechanism; it realizes the integration of seedling removal, digging, soil screening, and collection, reduces the potato breakage rate, and greatly improves the potato collection efficiency; it greatly saves labor costs, and can complete the potato collection work in large farms.

[0081] The above embodiment is only one of the implementation methods that can realize the technical solution of the present invention. The scope of protection claimed by the present invention is not limited only to this embodiment, but also includes changes, replacements and other implementation methods that can be easily thought of by any technician familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A potato harvesting device, characterized in that: It comprises a seedling removal mechanism (1), a frame (3), a soil crushing mechanism, a digging mechanism, a separation and conveying mechanism (4), a potato collection box (7) and a lifting and collecting mechanism (8); The seedling removal mechanism (1) is arranged at the front end of the vehicle frame (3) and is used to remove potato seedlings and ground weeds; The separation and conveying mechanism (4) is obliquely arranged at the lower middle part of the frame (3) and is used to screen the excavated potatoes and convey them to the lifting and collecting mechanism (8); wherein the front end of the separation and conveying mechanism (4) is a low position end and the rear end is a high position end; The soil crushing mechanism is arranged at the front end of the separation and conveying mechanism (4) and is used to crush the land after the seedlings and weeds are removed; The digging mechanism is arranged between the soil crushing mechanism and the separation and conveying mechanism (4), and is used to dig potatoes out of the crushed soil and convey them to the front end of the separation and conveying mechanism (4); The lifting and collecting mechanism (8) is vertically arranged at the rear of the frame (3) and is used to transport the potatoes after the soil screening process to the potato collecting box (7); The potato collection box (7) is arranged above the vehicle frame (3) and placed at the front end of the lifting and collecting mechanism (8), and is used to receive and store the potatoes transported by the lifting and collecting mechanism (8); The seedling removing mechanism (1) comprises a vehicle front cover, a seedling removing baffle (12) and a plurality of seedling removing blades (15); the vehicle front cover is arranged at the front end of the vehicle frame (3); the seedling removing baffle (12) is arranged vertically at the front end of the vehicle front cover; the lower end of the seedling removing baffle (12) is evenly provided with a plurality of seedling entry notches; a plurality of seedling removing blades (15) are horizontally arranged in the vehicle front cover and are arranged in parallel up and down; wherein the blades on the seedling removing blades (15) adjacent to each other up and down are arranged in a staggered manner; The soil crushing mechanism comprises a sinking wheel (11), and the sinking wheel (11) is horizontally arranged below the vehicle frame (3); the sinking wheel (11) comprises a plurality of sinking wheel blades (25), a sinking wheel axle (36), an L-shaped fixing member (37) and a wheel axle mounting rod; The sunken wheel axle (36) is horizontally arranged below the vehicle frame (3) through an axle mounting rod; an axial groove (38) is arranged on one side of the sunken wheel axle (36), and an axial slide rail (39) is arranged on the other side of the sunken wheel axle (36); wherein the axial groove (38) and the axial slide rail (39) are arranged horizontally and parallel to each other, and are both arranged along the entire length of the sunken wheel axle (36); A plurality of the sinking wheel blades (25) are evenly sleeved on the sinking wheel shaft (36), and the sinking wheel blade (25) is a hollow disc-shaped structure; wherein, a fixing protrusion is provided on one side of the inner hole of the sinking wheel blade (25), one end of the fixing protrusion is fixedly connected to one side of the inner hole of the sinking wheel blade (25), and the other end is cooperatively arranged in the axial groove (38); the L-shaped fixing member (37) is arranged between the sinking wheel shaft (36) and the sinking wheel blade (25), one end of the L-shaped fixing member (37) is cooperatively arranged in the axial slide rail (39), and the other end is connected to the other side of the inner hole of the sinking wheel blade (25).

2. A potato harvesting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The excavation mechanism comprises two excavation shovels (10); the two excavation shovels (10) are symmetrically arranged below the vehicle frame (3), and the symmetry axes of the two excavation shovels (10) coincide with the longitudinal center axis of the vehicle frame (3); The digging shovel (10) is an arc-shaped plate-shaped structure; one end of the digging shovel (10) is arranged close to the ground, and the other end is connected to the vehicle frame (3).

3. A potato harvesting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The separation and conveying mechanism (4) comprises a first separation mechanism and a second separation mechanism; the first separation mechanism is arranged at an angle, and the second separation mechanism is arranged horizontally; wherein the lower end of the first separation mechanism is connected to the outlet end of the excavation mechanism, the upper end of the first separation mechanism is connected to one end of the second separation mechanism, and the other end of the second separation mechanism is connected to the lower end of the lifting and collecting mechanism (8).

4. A potato harvesting device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first separation mechanism comprises a first driving wheel shaft (30), two first conveyor belts, a first driven wheel shaft and a plurality of first separation bars (26); The first driving wheel shaft is arranged in parallel with the first driven wheel shaft, and the installation height of the first driving wheel shaft (30) is higher than the installation height of the first driven wheel shaft; wherein the first driving wheel shaft (30) is arranged away from one end of the excavating mechanism, and the first driven wheel shaft is arranged close to one end of the excavating mechanism; Two first conveyor belts are arranged in parallel and at intervals, and are arranged obliquely between the first driving wheel shaft and the first driven wheel shaft; one end of the first conveyor belt is connected to the first driving wheel shaft, and the other end of the first conveyor belt is connected to the first driven wheel shaft; a plurality of first separation bars (26) are arranged in parallel and at intervals between the two first conveyor belts, and a falling gap is provided between adjacent first separation bars (26) for the required separated objects to fall.

5. A potato harvesting device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The second separation mechanism comprises a second driving wheel shaft (29), two second conveyor belts, a second driven wheel shaft and a plurality of second separation bars; the second driving wheel shaft and the second driven wheel shaft are arranged horizontally and parallel; wherein the second driving wheel shaft is arranged close to one end of the first driving wheel shaft (30), and the second driven wheel shaft is arranged close to one end of the lifting and collecting mechanism (8); Two second conveyor belts are arranged in parallel at intervals and horizontally between the second driving wheel shaft and the second driven wheel shaft, one end of the second conveyor belt is connected to the second driving wheel shaft, and the other end of the second conveyor belt is connected to the second driven wheel shaft; a plurality of second separation bars are arranged in parallel at intervals between the two second conveyor belts, and a falling gap for the required separated objects to fall is provided between the connected second separation bars.

6. A potato harvesting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lifting and collecting mechanism (8) comprises a first belt wheel, a second belt wheel, two conveyor belts, a screen (32) and a plurality of trapezoidal potato boxes (34); The first belt pulley and the second belt pulley are arranged in parallel up and down, and two conveyor belts are arranged in parallel and spaced apart between the first belt pulley and the second belt pulley; wherein the upper end of the conveyor belt is connected to the first belt pulley, and the lower end of the conveyor belt is connected to the second belt pulley; A plurality of trapezoidal potato boxes (34) are evenly distributed between two conveyor belts, wherein the trapezoidal potato boxes (34) are trapezoidal box-shaped structures with an open top and a closed bottom; the bottom of the trapezoidal potato boxes (34) is rotatably connected to the conveyor belt; the screen (32) is obliquely arranged in the potato collecting box (7) and is arranged near the rear end of the potato collecting box (7); wherein the upper end of the screen (32) is arranged near one side of the trapezoidal potato box (34) for receiving potatoes that fall from the trapezoidal potato box (34) after being turned over; and the lower end of the screen (32) extends toward the front bottom of the potato collecting box (7).

7. A potato harvesting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also comprises an external transport conveyor belt (6); the external transport conveyor belt (6) is obliquely arranged at the front end of the potato collecting box (7) and is used to transport the potatoes in the potato collecting box (7) to external transport equipment.

8. A potato harvesting method, characterized in that: Utilizing a potato harvesting device as described in any one of claims 1 to 7; Wherein, the harvesting method comprises the following steps: The potato seedlings and ground weeds are removed by using the seedling removal mechanism (1); Use the soil crushing mechanism to crush the land after removing the seedlings and weeds; Using the digging mechanism, the potatoes are dug out from the crushed soil and transported to the separation and transportation mechanism (4); The excavated potatoes are screened by the separation and conveying mechanism (4) and then conveyed to the lifting and collecting mechanism (8); The lifting and collecting mechanism (8) is used to transport the potatoes that have been processed by soil screening to a potato collecting box (7) for storage.

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