69results about How to "Reduce breakage rate" patented technology

This utility model discloses a corn threshing roller and a corn threshing roller assembly, belonging to the technical field of small agricultural threshers, mainly used for corn threshing. The technical problem to be solved by this utility model is to provide a corn threshing roller, including a rotating shaft and a supporting mechanism. A first layer of threshing ribs is arranged on the supporting mechanism with the rotating shaft as the center, and a second layer of threshing ribs is arranged outside the first threshing ribs. The supporting mechanism includes end supports arranged at the ends of the rotating shaft, and the first layer of threshing ribs is arranged between the end supports. The inner side of the first layer of threshing ribs has space for material passage. A corn threshing roller assembly is also provided, including a first and a second threshing roller arranged in parallel, forming a threshing channel between them. The first threshing roller is the aforementioned corn threshing roller, and the second threshing roller includes a second rotating shaft, a second supporting mechanism, and auxiliary threshing ribs. This utility model can improve the threshing rate and threshing efficiency, reduce the breakage rate, and improve the threshing quality.

This utility model relates to the technical field of photovoltaic panel dismantling equipment, and discloses a photovoltaic panel edge-removing device, including a U-shaped block. A fixing block is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the U-shaped block, and a motor is fixedly connected inside the fixing block. A worm gear is fixedly installed at the output end of the motor. A U-shaped plate is rotatably connected to the outer wall of the worm gear, and the outer wall of the U-shaped plate is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the fixing block. A worm wheel is meshed with the tooth end of the worm gear, and a connecting rod is fixedly connected inside the worm wheel. The outer wall of the connecting rod is rotatably connected to the inside of the U-shaped plate. A clamping block is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the worm wheel, and a driving assembly is provided on the outer wall of the U-shaped block. In this utility model, through the mutual cooperation between the first hydraulic cylinder, U-shaped block, fixing block, motor, worm gear, U-shaped plate, worm wheel, connecting rod, and clamping block, dismantling efficiency is improved, continuous automated operation is achieved, and the recovery rate and integrity of key materials such as silicon wafers are significantly improved.

The application relates to the technical field of solid waste treatment, and discloses an intelligent control sorting system and sorting equipment for construction waste based on AI vision, which integrates material conveying, visual sensing, multi-stage driving sorting and a central main control module; a main controller constructs a window load entropy model based on visual data, reversely adjusts the frequency of a front-end vibrating material uniformizing device to realize full-line load balancing, and effectively prevents the phenomenon of overload congestion or idling of rear-end mechanical arms; a special electro-hydraulic mixed drive gripper is arranged at the sorting end, which can intelligently switch between servo electric power soft grabbing and hydraulic rigid heavy load locking modes according to the physical properties of materials; in addition, the system calculates visual touch feature residual errors by using physical feedback in the grabbing process, and iteratively corrects the weight parameters of the visual recognition algorithm online. The application effectively solves the problems that the traditional sorting line has large flux fluctuation and complex rigid and flexible materials are difficult to be considered, and significantly improves the overall sorting efficiency and purity of the system.

This application relates to the field of stone crusher technology, specifically disclosing a high-efficiency and energy-saving stone crusher crushing chamber structure, including a crushing chamber body, a power mechanism, and a return spring. The power mechanism includes a drive motor, belt, pulley, drive rod, eccentric wheel, and eccentric shaft. The power mechanism is arranged on the outer surface of the crushing chamber body, and the return spring is arranged in the inner cavity of the crushing chamber body. This invention uses protective components to buffer and intercept high-speed flying stone materials, preventing stone materials from flying out of the machine and effectively absorbing the impact energy of the stone materials. It can issue an alarm when a large-force splash occurs, facilitating maintenance by operators. The anti-clogging component can actively guide and assist the discharge of materials in the crushing chamber, disturbing the accumulated materials from different angles. Smooth discharge can also reduce the frequency of manual unclogging, improve the working environment, and enhance production safety and automation levels.

This invention discloses a method and system for optimizing intelligent consolidation in cross-border e-commerce. It relates to the field of container consolidation transportation technology. The method includes: Step 1: acquiring basic data on the cargo and container environment; Step 2: establishing an adaptive weight model based on the basic data on the cargo and container environment, determining the weight dimensions, and quantitatively scoring the cargo to generate a priority list; Step 3: generating an optimal stacking scheme based on the priority list, designing storage units based on the optimal stacking scheme, numbering the storage units, and binding cargo information; Step 4: calculating the container's center of gravity coordinates in real time based on the cargo information associated with the storage unit number; a preset center of gravity offset threshold is set, and when the offset exceeds the threshold, the stacking method of high-priority cargo is automatically adjusted and the storage units are optimized. This invention can significantly improve the intelligence, efficiency, and safety of cross-border e-commerce consolidation transportation.

This invention relates to the technical field of coffee cherry peeling and degumming equipment, and discloses an integrated coffee cherry peeling and degumming machine. It includes a feeding hopper mechanism, with a support frame bolted to the bottom. A peeling mechanism is fixedly connected to the support frame, and a conveying pipe is bolted to the bottom of the peeling mechanism. A conveying screw is rotatably installed inside the conveying pipe, and one end of the conveying pipe is bolted to a sorting mechanism. A secondary peeling and pre-degumming mechanism is located below the sorting mechanism. This invention, by incorporating the peeling mechanism and the secondary peeling and pre-degumming mechanism, can completely peel the coffee cherries to form coffee beans. After the initial peeling, the sorting mechanism separates the green cherries, which are discharged from the green cherries outlet chute, resulting in better coffee bean quality. Furthermore, the degumming mechanism removes the gum from the outer surface of the coffee beans, making them less sticky. The integrated machine is compact and occupies less space.

This utility model relates to the technical field of battery cell flipping technology, and particularly to a battery cell flipping mechanism. A servo module of a battery cell pusher drives a battery cell pusher plate to push a row of battery cells on a battery cell support bar forward, tightly closing them together, and feeding them one by one to the flipping mechanism. The flipping mechanism includes a rotating part, a flexible suction cup, a vacuum generator, and a telescopic cylinder. The flexible suction cup is disposed on the surface of the rotating part, which provides flipping power through the telescopic cylinder. The vacuum generator controls the flexible suction cup to adsorb or release the battery cells. The battery cells, initially upright, are flipped by the flipping mechanism and then laid flat on a flat belt conveyor. This structure achieves intelligent control of the entire process from battery cell loading to flipping and conveying, maintaining an extremely low battery cell breakage rate while possessing extremely high battery cell flipping and conveying efficiency, and is compatible with the flexible production of battery cells of various specifications and sizes.

A sand core mold includes an upper core box and a lower core box integrally formed. The upper core box includes a first side and a second side opposite to each other in a first direction. The first side has a sand injection hole, and the second side is recessed to form a first sand mold groove. The lower core box includes a third side and a fourth side opposite to each other in the first direction. The third side is recessed to form a second sand mold groove. The second sand mold groove and the first sand mold groove form a cavity, which communicates with the sand injection hole. Along the first direction, the size of the cavity in the second direction gradually increases from the end closer to the first side to the end closer to the fourth side. The first direction is perpendicular to the second direction. In this application, by integrally forming the upper and lower core boxes, the number of core boxes is reduced, the mold design and manufacturing cycle is shortened, thereby reducing material and processing costs. The cavity forms a draft angle with a reverse slope, so demolding can be completed simply by separating the upper and lower core boxes, reducing the breakage rate of the sand core.

A kind of culture bottle automatic cleaning device, including sealed brush washing component, pre-washing component and conveying mechanism, it is characterized in that, sealed brush washing component includes bottle mouth sealing unit and brush washing unit, bottle mouth sealing unit is provided with conical sealing cover and film pressure sensor I, brush washing unit is provided with segmented brush roll, pre-washing component is provided with heating box, temperature sensor, electric heating tube and annular array nozzle, conveying mechanism includes chain plate conveyor with normal position I, turnover portion I, inverted portion, turnover portion II and normal position II in sequence from front to back, circular groove and clamping unit, circulating liquid supply component includes liquid mixing barrel, liquid collecting tank and three-stage filter, also include runway conveyor I, runway conveyor II, inner wall spray unit, outer wall spray unit, heat pump drying and dehumidifying integrated machine, elastic curtain, mechanical arm and power distribution control component, effectively solve the problems such as not using sealed brush washing component, not using pre-washing component and not using circulating liquid supply component.

The utility model provides a double -spring single -action probe belongs to probe technical field. Double -spring single -action probe, including probe main part, probe main part includes first plunger, cylinder and second plunger, first plunger is connected with the upper end of cylinder and inserts into the cylinder, second plunger installs in the cylinder, and the cylinder includes inner chamber and first through -hole, and the second plunger is located the inner chamber bottom of cylinder and can pass through first through -hole and extend, with cylinder center as the axle between first plunger with second plunger is connected through first spring and second spring, the outer diameter of first spring is less than the inner diameter of second spring, one end of first spring is connected with first plunger, and the other end of first spring is connected with second plunger, one end of second spring is connected with first plunger, and the other end of second spring is connected with second plunger. The utility model has the advantages of prolonging the life.

The invention relates to a grouper crossbreeding method. The method comprises the four steps of parent breeding, temperature-sensitive domestication, artificial spawning and insemination, incubation and fry breeding, specifically, cold water-based clear water stone spots and hot water-based brown spot stone spots are selected as parents, the clear water stone spots are used as female parents, the brown spot stone spots are used as male parents, and the middle water temperature is adapted through gradient temperature-sensitive domestication; stress-resistant feed containing hilsa herring egg source peptide and haematococcus pluvialis astaxanthin ester and a temperature-sensitive blender are matched, a reproductive care agent is supplemented to strengthen sperm and egg performance, and normative spawning induction, insemination and graded cultivation processes are adopted. According to the method, the problems of poor water temperature adaptation and low hatching rate of grouper hybrid sperms and eggs in different temperature areas are solved, the wide-temperature property of filial generations is improved, the method adapts to the water temperature of 18-28 DEG C, the hatching rate, the fry survival rate, the adult fish survival rate and the average weight of single fish are remarkably improved, and technical support is provided for industrial application.

This invention relates to the field of flood control manhole cover technology, and proposes an anti-clogging manhole cover for flood control emergency use in municipal engineering. The cover includes: a cover body with several vertically extending drainage windows; several flaps that open and close within the drainage windows, each flap having an upward-lifting portion. When the flap is open, the upward-lifting portion rotates to the top of the cover body and is tilted. Moving objects on the road press down on the flaps, causing them to close; a filter cover located below the upward-lifting portion, with an anti-clogging channel inside. When the flap is open, the upper part of the filter cover passes through the drainage windows and rotates to the top of the cover body, while the lower part of the filter cover is located inside the drainage windows or below the cover body; and an actuating element that drives the flaps to rotate and open. This technical solution solves the problem in the prior art where manhole covers in motor vehicle lanes cannot effectively participate in drainage during flood control emergencies, thus affecting traffic flow.

The utility model relates to a kind of aluminium foil paper bending correction devices, it includes mounting bracket, first correction member and second correction member;First correction member and second correction member are spaced and oppositely set on the top surface of mounting bracket, and the passage for aluminium foil paper is formed between first correction member and second correction member, and first correction member and second correction member are used to fold correction to aluminium foil paper edge;First correction member includes first mounting seat and first bending component;First mounting seat is installed in mounting bracket;First bending component is installed in first mounting seat, and the side surface opposite with second correction member forms first correction angle with mounting bracket;Second correction member includes second mounting seat and second bending component;Second mounting seat is installed in mounting bracket;Second bending component is installed in second mounting seat, and the side surface opposite with first correction member forms second correction angle with mounting bracket.The utility model can realize to the edge of aluminium foil paper in transport to fold upwards.

The utility model relates to the zucchini seed processing technical field, specifically disclose a kind of impurity removal device for zucchini seed processing, including base, the upper portion of base is provided with auxiliary impurity removal mechanism, the auxiliary impurity removal mechanism includes jar body, the upper end of jar body is provided with lid, the upper end of lid is penetrated and is rotatably connected with multiple rotating shafts, the lower end of multiple rotating shafts is all fixedly connected with rubber roller, the outer wall of multiple rotating shafts is all fixedly connected with driven gear, the upper end of lid is installed motor, the output of motor is fixedly connected with the driving gear meshing connection of multiple driven gears, the lower end of jar body is connected with the discharge pipe of butterfly valve, by the flexible friction design of rubber roller and jar body inner wall, effectively peel the pulp and light impurities on seed surface, rubber roller and the rubber bump of jar wall adopt non-rigid contact mode, reduce seed epidermis friction damage, breakage rate is lower than traditional rigid structure, protect seed germination activity.

This utility model discloses a glassware grinding machine. It includes a frame, a worktable, a clamping mechanism, a grinding head mechanism, a cooling system, and a control system. The worktable is located at the front end of the frame, used to support the glassware, and can move along the X and Y axes to control grinding parameters. The clamping mechanism is located on the worktable, used to hold the glassware to be ground, ensuring its stability during processing. The grinding head mechanism is arranged side-by-side at the rear end of the frame, with grinding wheels, one of which is a coarse grinding wheel for rough grinding, and the other is a fine grinding wheel for fine grinding. The cooling system includes coolant nozzles that spray coolant to cool the ground area of ​​the glassware. The control system is located in the electrical control cabinet and also has a human-machine interface for operation and display. During glassware grinding, roughing and finishing are performed in steps, continuously grinding in sequence, improving the accuracy of the grinding and reducing the breakage rate of the glassware.

This invention belongs to the field of optical cable technology and relates to a butterfly-shaped optical cable with anti-excessive twisting and its manufacturing method. It includes an optical fiber, an inner protective sleeve surrounding the optical fiber, and an outer protective sleeve surrounding the inner protective sleeve. The outer protective sleeve has two strip-shaped cavities, and an anti-twist strip is fixedly connected to each cavity. The anti-twist strip consists of a connecting part, four first buffer parts, and four second buffer parts. One side of each second buffer part is connected to an adjacent first buffer part, and the other side is connected to the outer protective sleeve. All four first buffer parts on the same anti-twist strip are connected to the connecting part. This invention uses cavities in the outer protective sleeve and anti-twist strips within these cavities. The arrangement of the four first buffer parts improves the bending resistance of the anti-twist strip, and the deformation of the anti-twist strip buffers the optical cable under pressure, thus protecting the optical cable. Furthermore, the inner and outer protective sleeves are not fixedly connected, reducing the probability of damage to the optical fiber due to excessive twisting.

A degreasing device for Trichosanthes kirilowii seeds includes a housing and a baking device, the baking device being disposed inside the housing. The device further includes: an upper conical disc connected to the housing, the upper conical disc being vertically arranged with its tip pointing upwards, a feed inlet at the tip of the upper conical disc, a first elastic pad fixedly disposed on the inner conical surface of the upper conical disc; a lower conical disc disposed below the upper conical disc, the lower conical disc being coaxial and in the same direction as the upper conical disc, a second elastic pad fixedly disposed on the outer conical surface of the lower conical disc, the upper end face of the second elastic pad being conical, the cone half-angle of the lower end face of the first elastic pad being smaller than the cone half-angle of the second elastic pad, and a gap existing between the lower end face of the first elastic pad and the upper end face of the second elastic pad; and a vibration mechanism, the actuating end of which is fixedly connected to the lower end of the lower conical disc. This device provides good degreasing effect.

This utility model relates to the field of food processing equipment technology, specifically disclosing a conveying device for producing egg yolk pastries, solving the problems of low efficiency and high cost of robotic arms in loading trays. The device includes a main conveyor belt, a vertical rotating positioning turntable, a packaging tray conveyor belt, and a synchronous drive control system. Multiple workstations are set along the edge of the turntable, each with a controllable material discharge port integrated at its bottom. The main conveyor belt continuously feeds the egg yolk pastries into the uniformly rotating turntable workstations. When a workstation reaches a preset material discharge angle, the material discharge port opens instantaneously, and the egg yolk pastry falls vertically. The tray conveyor belt moves synchronously and uniformly with the turntable, allowing empty trays to dynamically receive the egg yolk pastries at the material discharge point. This solution achieves stop-and-go operation through the coordinated control of continuous rotation, parameterized triggering, and dynamic material discharge, achieving a packaging speed of 300 pieces / minute, which is 5 times more efficient than traditional robotic arms, with a product damage rate of <0.1%. It is suitable for the automated packaging of fragile pastries such as egg yolk pastries.

The application relates to the technical field of injection molding equipment, in particular to a target machine body plate lower shell structure forming die, which comprises a workbench, the upper end of the workbench is fixedly connected with a female die, the inner side of the female die is provided with a trimming mechanism for processing plastic plates, the trimming mechanism comprises a moving assembly for moving the processed plates, the trimming mechanism further comprises a trimming assembly for processing the edges of the plates and the inner wall, the upper end of the workbench is provided with a mechanical arm, the output shaft of the mechanical arm is provided with a stripping mechanism of a processing die, a flexible polishing strip adjusts the adhesion force through a fourth electric push rod, the granular protrusions and bubble residues generated due to the uneven melting of recycled materials on the inner wall of the shell are removed in a targeted manner, and the problem that the inner wall is not completely processed in the prior art is solved; the detection position can be adjusted through a CCD camera along with the extension and retraction of a second electric push rod, and the real-time monitoring of defects such as scratches and depressions on the outer side of the recycled plastic shell is avoided.

The utility model discloses an active carbon dehydration technology field's centrifugal spin -dryer for active carbon dehydration, including drive base, the top of drive base is installed with centrifugal dehydration jar, and the both sides of drive base still are provided with drainage component respectively, and drainage component includes support box frame, and the top of support box frame is connected with filter part, and the top side of centrifugal dehydration jar is connected with sealing cover, and the inside of centrifugal dehydration jar is provided with centrifugal filter, and the power transmission connection between drive base and centrifugal dehydration jar and the centrifugal filter structure of the inside careful design of centrifugal dehydration jar, can rapidly and efficiently complete the dehydration treatment after active carbon water washing, and the tacit cooperation of the drive base of electrified operation with first connecting disc and second connecting disc, accurate drive centrifugal cylinder body carries out high -speed rotation, and under the action of the powerful centrifugal force of active carbon granule, the free water remaining in its inside and surface can be effectively spun out, realizes the non - destructive dehydration of active carbon granule.

The application relates to a fuel tank protection plate and a vehicle, wherein the fuel tank protection plate comprises a plate body, the plate body comprises a fuel tank mounting portion, the plate body is partially provided with a reinforcing layer and forms a reinforcing area, and the reinforcing area comprises a front side area located at two ends of the fuel tank mounting portion. The fuel tank protection plate can avoid the problems of large weight and high cost while ensuring the protection level.

This utility model relates to the technical field of persimmon processing equipment, and particularly to a rotary conveying mechanism for persimmon processing. The rotary conveying mechanism includes a turntable and a turntable drive device that drives the turntable. Multiple support components are spaced apart along the circumference of the upper end of the turntable. Each support component includes a mounting strip, a connecting block, and support claws. The mounting strip is mounted on the turntable, and the connecting block is mounted in the middle of the mounting strip. A first connecting post is provided on the connecting block. Support claws are mounted at both ends of the mounting strip, and a second connecting post is provided at the end of the support claw near the connecting block. A buffer spring connects the first and second connecting posts. The two support claws together form a placement groove for placing persimmons. A clearance groove is correspondingly provided at the lower end of the placement groove, and the clearance groove is located on the turntable. Under the action of the buffer spring, this utility model can keep the persimmons in a fixed position during rotation, thereby reducing the breakage rate during persimmon transfer and ensuring the quality of the persimmons.

This invention provides a method for preparing an emulsion-gel fracturing fluid and a solid proppant, as well as their applications. The method for preparing the emulsion-gel fracturing fluid includes: uniformly mixing epoxy resin, diluent, emulsifier, pH adjuster, and defoamer to obtain a mixture; adding water to the mixture while stirring to obtain an oil-in-water emulsion; adding a curing agent to the emulsion; heating and stirring; allowing sedimentation; ensuring the epoxy resin and curing agent are fully mixed and initially cured; then adding gel for crosslinking to obtain the emulsion-gel fracturing fluid; or adding a curing agent to the emulsion; stirring thoroughly; adding gels of different concentrations; stirring; and crosslinking to obtain the emulsion-gel fracturing fluid. The emulsion-gel fracturing fluid is heated to a curing temperature to generate a proppant. The emulsion-gel fracturing fluid of this invention has adjustable viscosity, low filtration loss, and can generate a solid proppant in situ under formation conditions, making it suitable for oil and gas field development. The generated proppant has high mechanical strength, good conductivity, and adjustable particle size.

The application discloses a kind of distributed power energy storage devices, it is related to secondary battery technical field, including box, several hollow supports are evenly installed equidistantly in the box, several partition seats are evenly installed equidistantly in the side end surface of hollow support, cabinet is slidably installed in the top of partition seat, limit valve is embedded and installed in the bottom of cabinet side end surface, the end of limit valve is installed with spout, sliding plate is slidably installed in the inside of partition seat, the heat emitted in the process of the present application is driving force, forcibly realizes internal and external interactive heat exchange and internal circulation heat exchange, can effectively remove the heat generated in the process of device operation in time, realize the recycling of energy conversion and utilization, while realizing the efficiency of the base, improve the synchronism and high efficiency of heat exchange work, while prolonging the effective service life of battery, improve the popularization of device, flexible meet the multiple needs of user side cost reduction, power grid side stability and energy side low carbon.

This utility model discloses a belt conveyor chute device, including a rectangular shell. A feed inlet is located on the upper side of one side of the rectangular shell, and an arc-shaped chute-like discharge outlet is located at the bottom of the rectangular shell. An opening extends from the upper sidewall of the other side of the rectangular shell to the top, and a pair of grooves are provided on the inner wall of one side of the opening, through which a connecting frame slides. A flexible buffer device is provided inside the rectangular shell on the side corresponding to the feed inlet and adjacent to the connecting frame. The flexible buffer device includes multiple parallel, stacked arc-shaped metal plates. Advantages: As coke falls through the rectangular shell, some of the coke impacts the metal plates on the flexible buffer device. The multiple stacked metal plates deform due to their toughness, achieving a buffering effect. Simultaneously, the arc-shaped discharge outlet also provides a buffering effect, reducing damage to the sidewall of the rectangular shell and lowering the coke breakage rate.

This utility model relates to the technical field of auxiliary equipment for ceramic production, specifically a damage-prevention support structure for stacking ceramic tile blanks. It includes a support pad body, which is a composite frame-type hollow structure composed of outer frame beams, inner reinforcing beams, a central support column, an annular buffer pad, and detachable corner protectors. The outer frame beams form a rectangular outer frame, and the inner reinforcing beams are arranged in a "well" shape inside the outer frame beams. The central support column is vertically fixed above the intersection of the "well" shapes. The annular buffer pad is embedded around the top of the central support column, and the detachable corner protectors are installed at the four outer corners of the outer frame beams. This damage-prevention support structure for stacking ceramic tile blanks can guide pressure to the stronger edges and cross-support areas, significantly reducing the breakage rate. It is also simple in structure, lightweight, durable, and easy to reuse.

This utility model discloses an anti-breakage mounting bracket for automotive wheel speed harnesses, including a harness mechanism, a speed measuring mechanism, and a wiring adjustment mechanism. The harness mechanism includes a cable holder and three through holes on the front side of the cable holder. The speed measuring mechanism includes a wheel speed sensor detachably connected to the cable holder and a harness connected to the wheel speed sensor. The harness wire passes through multiple through holes. In this utility model, after the wheel speed sensor is connected to the cable holder, the harness wire is passed through multiple through holes. Here, the wire is positioned against the outside of two wiring wheels. Then, the operator rotates the threaded rod according to the length of the harness, and the two wiring wheels move back to back against the bottom of the inner cavity of the cable holder. This stretches the harness inside the cable holder, increasing its length within the cable holder, effectively improving the cable holder's protection of the harness and reducing the probability of harness breakage.

The utility model relates to dry rice flour cutting technical field discloses dry rice flour anti -crushing flexible support cutting frame, including work table, the top left and right sides of work table all are fixedly connected with connecting seat, the top of two connecting seats all is provided with clamping mechanism, the inside of two clamping mechanisms all is provided with replacement mechanism, two replacement mechanisms are used for conveniently cleaning and replacement flexible support, the top rear side of work table is provided with cutting mechanism, the top rear side left and right ends of work table all are provided with dump mechanism, dump mechanism is used to push to clamping mechanism and empties, the replacement mechanism includes a plurality of rubber pads. In the utility model, through rubber pad and connecting column fixed, connecting column is inserted into the clamping slot after round hole, screw fastening, when disassembling, unscrew the screw and pull out the clamping plate, remove the connecting column and rubber pad, realize the flexible buffer when dry rice flour cutting, can quickly disassemble and clean or replace the rubber pad, improve work efficiency.