Method, device and system for controlling the spread of forest fires

Abstract

The application provides a forest fire spreading control method, a control device and a forest fire prevention system. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring the maximum transverse wind volume, the crown angle range and the outside vegetation height of the fire prevention forest belt of a forest area, the crown angle range being the range of the angle between the crown of all the vegetation of the fire prevention forest belt and the ground, the outside vegetation height being the average height of the vegetation of the forest area, and the fire spreading direction being the direction of the fire spreading path of the fire approaching the forest area through the fire prevention forest belt; calculating the width of the fire prevention forest belt according to the crown angle range and the outside vegetation height; determining the target maximum fire spreading range according to the maximum transverse wind volume and the maximum fire spreading range table; and determining the width of the fire spreading path according to the target maximum fire spreading range, wherein the width of the fire spreading path is greater than the target maximum fire spreading range, thereby solving the problem that the forest fire prevention technology in the prior art is difficult to control the fire spreading of large-scale fires.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of forest fire prevention, and in particular to a method for controlling the spread of forest fire, a control device, a computer-readable storage medium, a processor, and a forest fire prevention system. Background Art

[0002] The hazards of fire are obvious, especially in forested areas where dense vegetation allows for rapid fire spread. Furthermore, long distances and poor roads mean that untimely firefighting equipment and transportation are often insufficient. Current firefighting and early warning technologies make it difficult to extinguish forest fires immediately. Existing forest fire prevention technologies lack effective prevention and control measures, and few patents address the control and spread of forest fires. The existing "Forest Fire Prevention Engineering Design Specifications" (2005) stipulates that "the width of firebreaks should be greater than 1.5 times the height of the tallest tree in the local mature forest." Such firebreak designs typically require firebreaks in tree and shrub land to be at least 40 to 60 meters wide. While effective in preventing fire spread, they occupy a significant area. This crude and simplistic design has led to desertification and ecological degradation within these areas, encroaching on large areas of land resources and causing patchy desertification. In addition, some fire prevention design patents tend to focus on the design of early warning devices or fire prevention software systems, remote sensing monitoring sensors, and some small fire-fighting tools. They can only deal with fire control in local areas such as homes and workplaces during the ignition stage, and cannot truly solve the problems of large-scale forest fires. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The main purpose of this application is to provide a method for controlling the spread of forest fires, a control device, a computer-readable storage medium, a processor and a forest fire prevention system, so as to at least solve the problem that forest fire prevention technologies in the prior art are difficult to control the spread of large fires.

[0004] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, according to one aspect of the present application, a method for controlling the spread of fire in a forest area is provided, comprising: obtaining the maximum lateral wind volume, the crown width inclination range and the outer vegetation height of the fire prevention belt in the forest area, the maximum lateral wind volume is the maximum wind volume in the direction of fire spread in a historical period of time, the crown width inclination range is the range of angles between the crown widths of all vegetation in the fire prevention belt and the ground, the outer vegetation height is the average height of vegetation in the forest area, the fire spread direction is the direction in which the fire passes through the fire prevention belt and approaches the fire spread road in the forest area, the forest area is divided into multiple partitions, the partitions are separated by the fire spread road and the fire prevention belt, and the fire prevention belt is located at Both sides of the fire spread prevention road; the width of the fire prevention belt is calculated according to the crown width inclination range and the outer vegetation height, the width of the fire prevention belt is the length of the target right-angled side corresponding to the minimum value of the crown width inclination range, and the target right-angled side is another right-angled side in the right triangle, the length of which is the right-angled side of the outer vegetation height; the target maximum fire spread amplitude is determined by looking up the maximum fire spread amplitude table according to the maximum lateral wind volume, and the maximum fire spread amplitude table is a comparison table of the wind volume in the fire spread direction and the maximum fire spread amplitude; the width of the fire spread road is determined according to the target maximum fire spread amplitude, and the width of the fire spread road is greater than the target maximum fire spread amplitude.

[0005] Optionally, before determining the maximum fire spread range by looking up the maximum fire spread range table according to the maximum lateral wind volume, the method includes: a generation step of generating a geometric simulation model based on the firebreak belt, wherein the size of the geometric simulation model is proportional to the size of the firebreak belt; a simulation step of simulating the fire spread of the firebreak belt using the geometric simulation model when the wind volume in the direction of fire spread is a predetermined wind volume, and obtaining the maximum fire spread range of the geometric simulation model; a calculation step of geometrically converting the maximum fire spread range of the geometric simulation model to obtain the maximum fire spread range of the firebreak belt; adjusting the predetermined wind volume, and repeating the generation step, the simulation step, and the calculation step in sequence until the maximum fire spread range table is obtained.

[0006] Optionally, the width of the fire prevention belt is calculated based on the crown width inclination range and the outer vegetation height, including: determining the minimum value of the crown width inclination range as the minimum crown width inclination; calculating the ratio of the outer vegetation height to the tangent value of the minimum crown width inclination to obtain the width of the fire prevention belt.

[0007] Optionally, the ratio of the outside vegetation height and the tangent value of the minimum crown width angle is calculated to obtain the width of the fire belt, comprising: calculating the ratio of the outside vegetation height and the tangent value of the minimum crown width angle to obtain a preliminary width value; determining the greater value between the preliminary width value and a minimum width threshold as the width of the fire belt.

[0008] Optionally, the ratio of the width of the fire spreading road and the target maximum fire spreading width is greater than or equal to 1.2.

[0009] Optionally, after the width of the fire spreading road is determined according to the target maximum fire spreading width, the method further comprises: arranging a plurality of rainwater collection pools in the forest area, the rainwater collection pools being located on both sides of the fire spreading road and being spaced apart by a predetermined distance; obtaining rainfall of the forest area, the rainfall being the average rainfall of the fire spreading direction in a historical time period; and determining the volume of the rainwater collection pool according to the rainfall.

[0010] According to another aspect of the present application, a device for controlling fire spreading in a forest area is provided, comprising: an obtaining unit configured to obtain the maximum lateral wind amount of a fire belt in a forest area, a crown width angle range and an outside vegetation height, the maximum lateral wind amount being the maximum wind amount of a fire spreading direction in a historical time period, the crown width angle range being the range of the angle between the crown of all vegetation in the fire belt and the ground, the outside vegetation height being the average height of the vegetation in the forest area, the fire spreading direction being the direction of fire approaching a fire spreading road of the forest area through the fire belt, the forest area being divided into a plurality of sub-areas, the sub-areas being separated by the fire spreading road and the fire belt, the fire belt being located on both sides of the fire spreading road; a first calculating unit configured to calculate the width of the fire belt according to the crown width angle range and the outside vegetation height, the width of the fire belt being the length of a target leg corresponding to the minimum value of the crown width angle range, the target leg being another leg of a right triangle other than the leg with the length of the outside vegetation height; a first determining unit configured to determine a target maximum fire spreading width according to the maximum lateral wind amount and a maximum fire spreading width table, the maximum fire spreading width table being a table for comparing the wind amount of the fire spreading direction with the maximum fire spreading width; and a second determining unit configured to determine the width of the fire spreading road according to the target maximum fire spreading width, the width of the fire spreading road being greater than the target maximum fire spreading width.

[0011] According to still another aspect of the present application, a computer readable storage medium is provided, the computer readable storage medium comprising a stored program, wherein the program, when executed, controls the device where the computer readable storage medium is located to perform any of the methods.

[0012] According to another aspect of the present application, a processor is provided, wherein the processor is configured to run a program, wherein the program executes any one of the methods described when the program is run.

[0013] According to another aspect of the present application, a forest fire prevention system is provided, comprising: one or more processors, a memory, and one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors, and the one or more programs include methods for executing any one of the methods described.

[0014] By applying the technical solution of the present application, in the above-mentioned method for controlling the spread of fire in the forest area, first, the maximum lateral wind volume, the crown width inclination angle range and the outer vegetation height of the fire prevention belt in the forest area are obtained, the above-mentioned maximum lateral wind volume is the maximum wind volume in the direction of fire spread in a historical period of time, the above-mentioned crown width inclination angle range is the range of angles between the crown width of all vegetation in the above-mentioned fire prevention belt and the ground, the above-mentioned outer vegetation height is the average height of vegetation in the above-mentioned forest area, the above-mentioned fire spread direction is the direction in which the fire passes through the above-mentioned fire prevention belt and approaches the fire spread road of the above-mentioned forest area, the above-mentioned forest area is divided into multiple zones, and the above-mentioned zones are separated by the above-mentioned fire spread roads and the above-mentioned fire prevention belts, and the above-mentioned fire prevention belts are located on both sides of the above-mentioned fire spread roads. side; then, the width of the fire prevention belt is calculated according to the above-mentioned crown width inclination angle range and the above-mentioned outer vegetation height, the width of the fire prevention belt is the length of the target right-angled side corresponding to the minimum value of the above-mentioned crown width inclination angle range, and the above-mentioned target right-angled side is another right-angled side in the right triangle, the length of which is the right-angled side of the above-mentioned outer vegetation height; then, according to the above-mentioned maximum lateral wind volume, the maximum fire spread range table is checked to determine the target maximum fire spread range, and the above-mentioned maximum fire spread range table is a comparison table of the wind volume in the above-mentioned fire spread direction and the maximum fire spread range; finally, the width of the above-mentioned fire spread road is determined according to the above-mentioned target maximum fire spread range, and the width of the above-mentioned fire spread road is greater than the above-mentioned target maximum fire spread range. This method divides a forest area into multiple zones and calculates the width of firebreaks and fire prevention roads between zones to ensure that a fire in one zone cannot spread across the firebreak road and reach the zone opposite the road. This effectively controls the spread of fire without the need to form large firebreaks. This method solves the problem of existing forest fire prevention technologies being unable to control the spread of large fires. It prevents fires from spreading over large mountainous areas and woodlands and being unable to be extinguished in a short period of time, effectively burning local areas while protecting the entire forest area from damage. This method also facilitates inspections and patrols, and facilitates future economic development and utilization of the forest area. Integrating with daily highway transportation hubs facilitates vehicle circulation and transportation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] The drawings that constitute part of this application are used to provide a further understanding of this application. The illustrative embodiments of this application and their descriptions are used to explain this application and do not constitute an improper limitation on this application. In the drawings:

[0016] Figure 1 The following is a hardware structure block diagram of a mobile terminal for executing a method for controlling the spread of forest fires provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0017] Figure 2 A schematic flow chart of a method for controlling the spread of forest fire according to an embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0018] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a forest area planning map provided according to an embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0019] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a fire spread prevention road provided according to an embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0020] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a fire monitoring and automatic fire extinguishing system according to an embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0021] Figure 6 The figure shows a structural block diagram of a device for controlling the spread of fire in a forest area provided according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features of the embodiments in this application can be combined with each other. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0023] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts should fall within the scope of protection of this application.

[0024] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present application and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequential order. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchanged where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present application described here. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any of their variations are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0025] As introduced in the background technology, the existing forest fire prevention technology is difficult to control the spread of large fires. To solve this technical problem, the embodiments of the present application provide a method for controlling the spread of forest fires, a control device, a computer-readable storage medium, a processor and a forest fire prevention system.

[0026] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0027] The method embodiments provided in the embodiments of the present application can be executed in a mobile terminal, a computer terminal or a similar computing device. Taking running on a mobile terminal as an example, Figure 1 This is a hardware structure block diagram of a mobile terminal for a method of controlling the spread of forest fires according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, the mobile terminal may include one or more ( Figure 1 Only one is shown) a processor 102 (the processor 102 may include but is not limited to a microprocessor MCU or a programmable logic device FPGA and other processing devices) and a memory 104 for storing data, wherein the mobile terminal may also include a transmission device 106 and an input and output device 108 for communication functions. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that Figure 1 The structure shown is only for illustration and does not limit the structure of the mobile terminal. Figure 1 More or fewer components than shown, or with Figure 1 Different configurations shown.

[0028] The memory 104 can be used to store computer programs, such as software programs and modules of application software, such as the computer program corresponding to the device information display method in the embodiment of the present invention. The processor 102 executes various functional applications and data processing by running the computer program stored in the memory 104, that is, implementing the above-mentioned method. The memory 104 may include a high-speed random access memory and may also include a non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic storage devices, flash memory, or other non-volatile solid-state memory. In some examples, the memory 104 may further include a memory remotely located relative to the processor 102, and these remote memories can be connected to the mobile terminal via a network. Examples of the above-mentioned networks include but are not limited to the Internet, corporate intranets, local area networks, mobile communication networks, and combinations thereof. The transmission device 106 is used to receive or send data via a network. Specific examples of the above-mentioned network may include a wireless network provided by the mobile terminal's communication provider. In one example, the transmission device 106 includes a network adapter (Network Interface Controller, abbreviated as NIC), which can be connected to other network devices via a base station to communicate with the Internet. In one example, the transmission device 106 may be a radio frequency (RF) module, which is used to communicate with the Internet wirelessly.

[0029] In this embodiment, a method for controlling the spread of forest fires running on a mobile terminal, a computer terminal or a similar computing device is provided. It should be noted that the steps shown in the flowchart of the accompanying drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions, and although a logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described can be executed in an order different from that shown here.

[0030] Figure 2 This is a flow chart of a method for controlling the spread of forest fire according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 2 As shown, the method includes the following steps:

[0031] Step S201, obtaining the maximum lateral wind volume, canopy inclination range, and outer vegetation height of the firebreak belt in the forest area, wherein the maximum lateral wind volume is the maximum wind volume in the direction of fire spread within a historical period of time, the canopy inclination range is the range of angles between the canopies of all vegetation in the firebreak belt and the ground, the outer vegetation height is the average height of vegetation in the forest area, the fire spread direction is the direction in which the fire passes through the firebreak belt and approaches the fire spread road in the forest area, the forest area is divided into multiple zones, and the zones are separated by the fire spread roads and the firebreak belts, and the firebreak belts are located on both sides of the fire spread roads;

[0032] Specifically, satellite remote sensing data or map software such as Ovi, big map, etc. are used to determine the size, shape, terrain, and topography of the planned forest area. According to the size of the forest area, the terrain and topography, and the natural ridges and barriers, the forest area is divided into zones for planning. Then, according to the divided zones, the direction of the forest fire spread prevention road is determined. The road distribution is combined with the terrain advantage to form a natural barrier. The forest fire spread prevention road also takes into account the transportation system design and long-term development. For the planned forest area, local meteorological data is monitored by a small meteorological monitoring station, mainly including wind grade, main wind direction, side wind direction, rainfall, and rainfall intensity. The position distribution and direction of the forest fire spread prevention road are determined by using the main wind direction and combining the terrain, slope, and other basic data of the region. The primary requirement is to ensure that the forest fire spread prevention road is perpendicular to the main wind direction as much as possible, with an angle between the main wind direction and the road of 90°±20°. Other conditions such as terrain and slope are also considered. Fire-resistant trees and shrubs are arranged on both sides of the planned forest fire spread prevention road, with a width ratio of 2:1. The constructed fire-resistant forest belt transitions from the outside to the inside of the road, from high to low, with an overall fire-resistant forest belt crown width forming an angle of 30° to 45° with the ground, i.e., the crown width angle range is 30° to 45°, and an angle of 135° to 160° with the fire-resistant road surface. The outermost vegetation height of the fire-resistant forest belt is similar to the vegetation height of the connection part of the forest area, but does not exceed the vegetation height of the forest area. The above forest fire spread prevention road and the above fire-resistant forest belt are separated and planned, and the maximum transverse wind of the forest fire-resistant forest belt, the crown width angle range, and the outermost vegetation height are obtained.

[0033] In step S202, the width of the fire-resistant forest belt is calculated according to the above crown width angle range and the above outermost vegetation height. The width of the fire-resistant forest belt is the length of the target right angle side corresponding to the minimum value of the above crown width angle range. The target right angle side is the other right angle side in the right triangle, which is the length of the straight angle side other than the straight angle side with the length of the above outermost vegetation height.

[0034] Specifically, the average height of the trees in the forest area is taken as the height h of the outermost vegetation of the fire-resistant forest belt, and the outermost vegetation of the fire-resistant forest belt is perpendicular to the ground at an angle of 90°. It is also known that the crown width of the fire-resistant forest belt forms an angle of 30° to 45° with the ground. In a right triangle, given one side length and two internal angles, the width w of the fire-resistant forest belt can be calculated.

[0035] In step S203, the target maximum fire spread range is determined according to the above maximum transverse wind by referring to the maximum fire spread range table. The maximum fire spread range table is a table that compares the wind speed in the direction of fire spread with the maximum fire spread range.

[0036] Specifically, a similar simulation experimental model was built based on the wind speed, topography, vegetation belt width and inclination, vegetation combustion parameter characteristics and time in the area. The wind speed, combustible material coefficient, slope and geometric similarity were considered as the core parameters. The similar experimental model built with simulation materials was used to adjust and control different wind volumes to calculate the maximum horizontal fire spread h generated by the similar model after combustion. max , and then convert according to the similarity ratio to obtain the H under the actual conditions of the forest belt design conditions max Determine the maximum fire spread amplitude under the wind volume in multiple fire spread directions, obtain the maximum fire spread amplitude table, and then use the maximum lateral wind volume of the firebreak to look up the table to determine the target maximum fire spread amplitude, that is, the maximum fire spread amplitude of the firebreak. It should be noted that the maximum fire spread amplitude is 5, and the width of the isolation belt must be at least 5m to prevent the fire from spreading beyond the isolation belt.

[0037] Step S204: determining the width of the fire spread prevention road according to the target maximum fire spread range, wherein the width of the fire spread prevention road is greater than the target maximum fire spread range.

[0038] Specifically, theoretically, the minimum width of the fire spread road satisfies W min = Maximum fire amplitude H of horizontal spread of forest fire max , that is, the critical barrier effect of the fire spreading road on the maximum fire intensity can be achieved. That is, by establishing a distance relationship between the maximum fire intensity caused by the spread of forest fire and the accessible combustibles, the effective width W of the forest fire spreading road can be obtained. min Therefore, the width W of the fire spread road is greater than the target maximum fire spread range H max .

[0039] In the above-mentioned method for controlling the spread of fire in forest areas, first, the maximum lateral wind volume, the crown width inclination range and the outer vegetation height of the fire prevention belt in the forest area are obtained, the above-mentioned maximum lateral wind volume is the maximum wind volume in the direction of fire spread in a historical period of time, the above-mentioned crown width inclination range is the range of angles between the crown widths of all vegetation in the above-mentioned fire prevention belt and the ground, the above-mentioned outer vegetation height is the average height of vegetation in the above-mentioned forest area, the above-mentioned fire spread direction is the direction in which the fire passes through the above-mentioned fire prevention belt and approaches the fire spread road in the above-mentioned forest area, the above-mentioned forest area is divided into multiple zones, and the above-mentioned zones are separated by the above-mentioned fire spread roads and the above-mentioned fire prevention belts, and the above-mentioned fire prevention belts are located on both sides of the above-mentioned fire spread roads; then, based on The width of the fire prevention belt is calculated based on the above-mentioned crown width inclination range and the above-mentioned outer vegetation height. The width of the fire prevention belt is the length of the target right-angled side corresponding to the minimum value of the above-mentioned crown width inclination range. The above-mentioned target right-angled side is another right-angled side in the right triangle, the length of which is the right-angled side of the above-mentioned outer vegetation height. Then, the target maximum fire spread range is determined by looking up the maximum fire spread range table based on the above-mentioned maximum lateral wind volume. The above-mentioned maximum fire spread range table is a comparison table of the wind volume in the above-mentioned fire spread direction and the maximum fire spread range. Finally, the width of the fire prevention road is determined based on the above-mentioned target maximum fire spread range. The width of the fire prevention road is greater than the above-mentioned target maximum fire spread range. This method divides a forest area into multiple zones and calculates the width of firebreaks and fire prevention roads between zones to ensure that a fire in one zone cannot spread across the firebreak road and reach the zone opposite the road. This effectively controls the spread of fire without the need to form large firebreaks. This method solves the problem of existing forest fire prevention technologies being unable to control the spread of large fires. It prevents fires from spreading over large mountainous areas and woodlands and being unable to be extinguished in a short period of time, effectively burning local areas while protecting the entire forest area from damage. This method also facilitates inspections and patrols, and facilitates future economic development and utilization of the forest area. Integrating with daily highway transportation hubs facilitates vehicle circulation and transportation.

[0040] In order to ensure the accuracy of the target maximum fire spread, in an optional solution, before step S203, the method includes:

[0041] Step S301 is used to execute a generation step, generating a geometric simulation model based on the firebreak forest belt, wherein the size of the geometric simulation model is proportional to the size of the firebreak forest belt;

[0042] Step S302 is for performing a simulation step, wherein, when the wind volume in the fire spread direction is a predetermined wind volume, the fire spread in the firebreak is simulated using the geometric simulation model to obtain a maximum fire spread amplitude of the geometric simulation model;

[0043] Step S303 is used to perform a calculation step, converting the maximum fire spread range of the geometric simulation model into a maximum fire spread range of the fire protection forest belt;

[0044] Step S304 is used to adjust the predetermined air volume, and repeat the generation step, the simulation step and the calculation step in sequence until the maximum fire spread range table is obtained.

[0045] In this embodiment, the terrain and slope of the site are obtained, and the wind conditions, width and inclination of the vegetation belt are determined. A similar simulation model is established for the terrain slope, which is reduced according to a certain calculation ratio to meet the similarity of wind conditions, slope conditions, vegetation combustion coefficient and geometric scale. In order to study the lateral flame extension characteristics of the protective belt during the combustion process after the tree and shrub belt is ignited, under the structural design of geometric inclination. Therefore, under the premise of ensuring the similarity of the geometric appearance of the fire protection belt, different wind volumes are designed, the maximum fire spread intensity under the similar model is calculated, and the similar model is ignited from the outer edge of the belt. Different wind volumes w1, w2, w3... are given laterally to obtain the lateral fire spread amplitude of the model. Through the ruler behind the model, the simulated belt with an angle of 30° to 45° under different wind volumes is accurately measured. At a certain wind speed of w i Under these conditions, the maximum horizontal fire spread amplitude h of the similar model is obtained. max , and then convert it into the maximum fire spread under actual conditions according to the similar simulation conversion ratio H max , we can get the maximum fire spread H under this condition max , forming a table of maximum fire spread.

[0046] In a specific implementation process, the above step S202 can be implemented by the following steps. In an optional solution, in order to suppress the intensity and spread of the fire, the above step S202 includes:

[0047] Step S2021, determining the minimum value of the crown width inclination angle range as the minimum crown width inclination angle;

[0048] Step S2022, calculate the ratio of the outer vegetation height to the tangent value of the minimum crown width angle to obtain the width of the fire prevention belt.

[0049] In this embodiment, the above-mentioned crown inclination angle range is 30° to 45°, and the minimum crown inclination angle α is 30°, which is the height h of the trees in the assumed forest area, which can be measured on site. Then the forest belt width w can be measured according to tanα=h / w. Such an inclination angle and forest belt width can effectively control the horizontal and vertical spread of fire during the spread of fire and can suppress the intensity and spread of fire.

[0050] In a specific implementation process, the above step S2022 can be implemented by the following steps. In an optional solution, in order to suppress the intensity and spread of the fire, the above step S2022 includes:

[0051] Step S20221, calculating the ratio of the outer vegetation height to the tangent value of the minimum crown width inclination angle to obtain a preparation width value;

[0052] Step S20222: The larger value of the above-mentioned preparation width value and the minimum width threshold is determined as the width of the above-mentioned fire prevention belt.

[0053] In this embodiment, the minimum width threshold is 20m. If the calculated width of the fire-prevention forest belts on both sides of the fire-prevention road is less than 20m, the width of 20m shall be taken as the standard. In principle, it shall be at least ≧20m to further suppress the intensity and spread of the fire. Of course, the minimum width threshold is not limited to 20m and can be adjusted according to actual conditions.

[0054] Furthermore, in an optional solution, the ratio of the width of the fire spread prevention road to the target maximum fire spread range is greater than or equal to 1.2.

[0055] In this embodiment, in actual application, a certain margin is reserved, that is, the width of the fire spread road W min It should be at least the maximum fire spread H of the fire spreading horizontally max 1.2 times of W min =1.2H max Under the inclination design conditions of the external vegetation strip, the closer to the inside of the road, the lower the vegetation, and the smaller the maximum lateral spread of the fire. In this way, the road width design obtained under multiple guarantee conditions can effectively block the spread of forest fire. In addition, considering that the main road of the first-level fire prevention road meets the dual-lane design, and the width of the dual-lane is usually between 6m and 15m, the calculated road width must meet the above conditions, and the larger one can be taken, so as to effectively block the fire from spreading to the vegetation strip on the other side of the road.

[0056] In order to further suppress the spread of fire, in an optional solution, after the above step S204, the above method further includes:

[0057] Step S401: distributing a plurality of rainwater collection pools in the forest area, wherein the rainwater collection pools are located on both sides of the fire prevention road and are spaced apart by a predetermined distance;

[0058] Step S402: Obtain the rainfall in the forest area, where the rainfall is the average rainfall in the direction of the fire spread over a historical period of time.

[0059] Step S403: determining the volume of the rainwater collection pool according to the rainfall.

[0060] In this embodiment, after determining the width of the fire prevention road and the width of the fire prevention forest belt, the volume of the underground rainwater collection tanks on both sides of the fire prevention road is calculated. The size of the underground rainwater collection tanks can be designed based on the average annual rainfall, maximum rainfall intensity, and road surface catchment area obtained from regional meteorological data over the past ten years. To prevent the designed underground rainwater collection tanks from being insufficient for practical use, underground rainwater collection tanks are designed at regular intervals on both sides of the fire prevention road to supply water to firefighting equipment. For example, if every three automatic identification fire extinguishing systems share one underground rainwater collection tank, the spacing between underground rainwater collection tanks is controlled at approximately 60 meters and the tops are covered with natural topsoil. Automatic fire extinguishing systems can then be installed at equal intervals of 20 meters, with a fire extinguishing coverage radius of 10 meters. This allows full utilization of the water collected in the underground rainwater collection tanks to spray water into the fire prevention belt, extinguishing fires that have spread to the fire prevention belt at the road edge or wetting the shrub fire prevention belt, significantly reducing the fire intensity and preventing the fire from spreading further beyond the fire prevention road and into other adjacent areas.

[0061] In order to enable those skilled in the art to more clearly understand the technical solution of the present application, the implementation process of the method for controlling the spread of forest fires in the present application will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0062] This embodiment relates to a specific method for controlling the spread of forest fire, including the following steps:

[0063] Step S1: After using remote sensing image data to determine the scope of the forest area to be controlled, investigate the topography of the forest area, determine the direction and distribution of the roads, and then determine the main wind direction of the forest area. According to the main wind direction, topography, and natural barriers of the forest area, determine the direction of the roads and the location planning, such as Figure 3 The fire spreading road should be kept perpendicular to the main wind direction as much as possible, and the fire spreading road should be set up to meet the downward direction of the ridge (leeward side) or the upward direction of the valley (windward side).

[0064] Step S2: Construct a fire prevention road in the forest area. The width of the fire prevention road is calculated based on a mathematical model established based on parameters such as the width of the fire prevention forest belt, the inclination angle, the wind speed, the main wind direction, the combustibles, the plant density, and the moisture content. The minimum width of the fire prevention road is W. min is the maximum horizontal spread of fire H maxSolution 1: According to the fire prevention forest belt designed by the present invention, the closer to the road, the lower the vegetation. The maximum horizontal fire spread caused by the vegetation on both sides of the road does not exceed 5m. However, considering the other uses of the fire prevention road, one is to meet fire rescue or road transportation, and the other is to meet the collection of clean rainwater falling on the road surface. The width of the double lane for large vehicles is selected to be between 7 and 15m. Therefore, if the calculated minimum width of the fire prevention road W is min <7m, the road width design shall be carried out in accordance with the double lane width in the transport highway design specification, and the materials and processes used in the construction of the road shall refer to GB50092 "Asphalt Pavement Construction and Acceptance Standards" to ensure smooth road transportation and rainwater collection; if W min ≧7m, road width reference W min Execute. Option 2: If rainwater collection is not considered, there is no need to build a rainwater collection pool in the subsequent steps. The highway can also be constructed with other materials such as gravel, stone, cement concrete or other materials, as long as it meets the normal driving requirements of vehicles. Option 3: If rainwater collection is not considered, and road transportation issues are not considered, it is only necessary to clear the vegetation of the fire spread road of the calculated width, spray herbicides, and simply cover the road surface with fine crushed stone or sand. Regardless of which option is used, the direction of the fire spread road should be as perpendicular to the main wind direction as possible. The first-level fire spread main road is a two-lane road with a maximum slope of ≦25°. The second-level fire spread road is a single lane, and the fire vegetation belts and road widths on both sides are calculated based on the first level; there is no automatic monitoring and identification system on both sides of the second-level fire spread road.

[0065] Step S3: Assuming that the height h of the trees in the forest area can be measured on site, the width w of the forest belt can be measured according to tanα=h / w, and the terrain and slope of the site can be obtained. According to the wind conditions, the width and inclination of the vegetation forest belt. A similar simulation model is established for the terrain slope, which is reduced according to a certain calculation ratio to meet the similarity of wind, slope conditions, vegetation combustion coefficient and geometric scale. In order to study the lateral flame extension characteristics of the protective forest belt during the combustion process after the tree and shrub belt is ignited, under the structural design of geometric inclination. Therefore, under the premise of ensuring the similarity of the geometric appearance of the fire protection belt, different wind volume sizes are designed to measure the maximum fire spread intensity under the similar model. The similar model is ignited from the outer edge of the forest belt, and different wind volumes w1, w2, w3... are given laterally to obtain the lateral fire spread amplitude of the model. Through the ruler behind the model, we can accurately measure the simulated forest belt with an angle of 30° to 45° under different wind volumes. Under a certain wind speed wi, the maximum lateral fire spread amplitude h of the similar model is obtained. max , and then convert it into H under actual conditions according to the similar simulation conversion ratio max , we can get the maximum fire intensity H under this condition max .

[0066] Step S4: Construct drainage ditches on both sides of the fire-spreading road. The drainage ditch capacity should be calculated based on the highway surface catchment area, runoff coefficient, rainfall duration, rainfall intensity, and road surface roughness. For details, please refer to the "Highway Drainage Design Specification JTGT D33-2012". It is best to use resin concrete drainage ditches with a grate cover on the top of the drainage ditch to intercept debris. This type of drainage ditch is easy to install and facilitates rainwater collection.

[0067] Step S5: Figure 4 As shown, underground rainwater collection tanks are constructed on both sides of the drainage ditch. A set of underground rainwater collection tanks are designed on both sides of the fire prevention road to store road surface rainwater. The underground rainwater collection tanks are located side by side below the surface on both sides of the road drainage ditch. The top of the tank is covered with approximately 50 cm of topsoil, which is covered with herbaceous shrubs and other green vegetation. The tank size is generally 4 meters long, 1.5 meters wide, and 2 meters high, with a length-width-height ratio of 8:3:4. However, due to regional variations in rainfall, topography, and other factors, the tank size can be adjusted appropriately. Materials such as cement or high-density PP can be used for construction. Regardless of the material used, it must be resistant to pressure, corrosion, soaking, and penetration. A water inlet is reserved at the top of the underground rainwater collection tank, which connects to the side of the drainage ditch. A rainwater filter is installed at the inlet of the rainwater collection tank to filter out debris from the drainage ditch before it flows into the tank through the inlet. When the underground rainwater collection tanks are full, the excess water will be drained away along the drainage ditch. Furthermore, the spacing between underground rainwater collection tanks is controlled at 60m, and they are evenly distributed underground on both sides of the fire-prevention road drainage ditch. It is worth noting that due to the undulating terrain of the forest road, the water collection area at the top of the slope is small, and no rainwater collection tanks are installed on both sides.

[0068] Step S6: Finally, plant fire-resistant vegetation belts on both sides. The fire-resistant vegetation belts are distributed on both sides of the fire-prevention road. The fire-resistant vegetation belts are composed of an inner shrub belt and an outer tree belt. The ratio of the width of the fire-prevention shrub belt to the width of the tree belt is 1:2. The low fire-resistant shrubs close to the innermost side of the fire-prevention road are no more than 1m in height. From the inside to the outside, the plant height gradually increases and forms an angle of 30° to 45° with the ground. The spacing between plants in the shrub belt is preferably kept at 1m, and the maximum does not exceed 1.5m. The horizontal spacing between shrubs is staggered alternately. Controlling the spacing between plants at 1m to 1.5m can not only ensure the good growth of shrubs, but also effectively suppress the growth of weeds at the bottom. The types of shrubs used include fire-resistant vegetation such as elm, walnut, wormwood, marsh willow, Chinese wolfberry, thorny old tooth, warm wood strips, and red yew. The tree belts connect to the shrub belts. The vertical spacing of the trees parallel to the road is controlled at 3 to 4 meters, and the horizontal spacing perpendicular to the road is controlled at 4 to 5 meters. Plants are distributed in an alternating pattern. Like the shrub belts, the tree belts gradually increase in height from the inside out, with the plant height increasing at an angle of 30 to 45 degrees to the ground. The vegetation in the tree belts includes fire-resistant species such as Robinia pseudoacacia, Populus cathayana, Salix matsudana, Pittosporum tobira, Holly, Ligustrum lucidum, Myrica rubra, Phoebe nanmu, Coral tree, Camellia oleifera, and Coleus chinensis. The firebreaks formed by the trees and shrubs are angled at 30 to 45 degrees to the road surface. This design is both aesthetically pleasing and scientifically designed, effectively preventing the spread of forest fires.

[0069] Step S7: Figure 5 As shown, the fire monitoring and automatic fire extinguishing system is connected to the underground rainwater collection tanks. Each underground water storage tank can simultaneously supply water to three fire extinguishing systems. The automatic fire extinguishing system is capable of identifying smoke, temperature, light radiation, and carbon and nitrogen gas concentrations exceeding normal levels. The system receives physical and chemical signals generated by the spread of fire through detectors, converts them into electrical signals, and inputs them into the fire alarm controller, which triggers the automatic sprinkler fire extinguishing system. The nozzles of this fire extinguishing system can rotate 180 degrees to spray water, covering a spray radius of 10 meters. The three sprinkler fire extinguishing systems cover a range of 60 meters, which meets the water supply requirements of the 60-meter spacing between the underground rainwater tanks mentioned above. This also solves the problem of insufficient catchment area required for rainwater collection in the underground rainwater collection tanks.

[0070] It should be noted that the steps shown in the flowcharts of the accompanying drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions, and that, although a logical order is shown in the flowcharts, in some cases, the steps shown or described can be executed in an order different from that shown here.

[0071] The embodiments of the present application also provide a device for controlling the spread of fire in a forest area. It should be noted that the device for controlling the spread of fire in a forest area of ​​the embodiments of the present application can be used to execute the method for controlling the spread of fire in a forest area provided in the embodiments of the present application. The device is used to implement the above-mentioned embodiments and preferred implementation modes, and those that have been explained will not be repeated here. As used below, the term "module" can be a combination of software and / or hardware that implements a predetermined function. Although the devices described in the following embodiments are preferably implemented in software, implementation in hardware, or a combination of software and hardware, is also possible and conceivable.

[0072] The following is an introduction to the forest fire spread control device provided in the embodiment of the present application.

[0073] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of a device for controlling the spread of forest fire according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 6 As shown, the device includes:

[0074] The first acquisition unit 10 is used to obtain the maximum lateral wind volume, canopy inclination range, and outer vegetation height of the firebreak belt in the forest area, wherein the maximum lateral wind volume is the maximum wind volume in the direction of fire spread within a historical period of time, the canopy inclination range is the range of angles between the canopies of all vegetation in the firebreak belt and the ground, the outer vegetation height is the average height of vegetation in the forest area, the fire spread direction is the direction in which the fire passes through the firebreak belt and approaches the fire spread road in the forest area, and the forest area is divided into multiple zones, which are separated by the fire spread roads and the firebreak belts, and the firebreak belts are located on both sides of the fire spread roads;

[0075] Specifically, using satellite remote sensing data or mapping software such as Aowei and Big Map, the size, shape, topography, and geomorphic features of the planned forest area are first determined. Based on the size of the forest area, the topography, topography, and natural ridges and barriers, the forest area is zoned. The directions of fire prevention roads in the forest area are then determined based on the divided areas. Road distribution is optimized to integrate the terrain's advantages to form a natural barrier. Fire prevention roads also take into account the design of transportation systems and long-term development. Small meteorological monitoring stations are used to monitor local meteorological data in the planned forest area, primarily to obtain wind force level, prevailing wind direction, crosswind direction, rainfall, and rainfall intensity. The prevailing wind direction is combined with basic data such as the area's topography and slope to determine the location, distribution, and direction of fire prevention roads in the forest area. First, ensure that the fire prevention roads in the forest area are as perpendicular to the main wind direction as possible, and the angle between the main wind direction and the road is between 90°±20°. Taking into account other ancillary conditions such as terrain and slope, firebreaks composed of fire-resistant trees and shrubs are laid out on both sides of the planned fire prevention roads, with a width ratio of 2:1. The constructed firebreaks transition from high to low from the outside of the road to the inside of the road. The overall crown width of the firebreak forms an angle α of 30° to 45° with the ground, that is, the crown width inclination range is 30° to 45°, and the angle with the fire prevention road surface is 135° to 160°. The height of the vegetation on the outermost side of the firebreak is similar to the height of the vegetation in the connecting part of the forest area, but does not exceed the height of the vegetation in the forest area. Once the separation planning of the fire prevention roads and the firebreaks is completed, the maximum lateral wind volume, crown width inclination range, and outer vegetation height of the firebreaks in the forest area can be obtained.

[0076] A first calculation unit 20 is configured to calculate the width of the firebreak belt based on the canopy inclination range and the outer vegetation height, wherein the width of the firebreak belt is the length of a target right-angled side corresponding to the minimum value of the canopy inclination range, wherein the target right-angled side is the other right-angled side of a right triangle, the length of which is equal to the right-angled side of the outer vegetation height.

[0077] Specifically, the average height of the trees in the forest area is taken as the height h of the outermost vegetation of the firebreak belt, and the outermost vegetation of the firebreak belt is perpendicular to the ground at an angle of 90°. It is also known that the crown width of the firebreak belt is at an angle α of 30° to 45° to the ground. In a right-angled triangle, once the length of one side and two internal angles are known, the width w of the firebreak belt can be converted.

[0078] A first determining unit 30 is configured to determine a target maximum fire spread range by looking up a maximum fire spread range table according to the maximum lateral wind volume, wherein the maximum fire spread range table is a comparison table between wind volume in the fire spread direction and maximum fire spread range;

[0079] Specifically, a similar simulation experimental model was built based on the wind speed, topography, vegetation belt width and inclination, vegetation combustion parameter characteristics and time in the area. The wind speed, combustible material coefficient, slope and geometric similarity were considered as the core parameters. The similar experimental model built with simulation materials was used to adjust and control different wind volumes to calculate the maximum horizontal fire spread h generated by the similar model after combustion. max , and then convert according to the similarity ratio to obtain the H under the design conditions of the forest belt under actual conditions. max Determine the maximum fire spread amplitude under the wind volume in multiple fire spread directions, obtain the maximum fire spread amplitude table, and then use the maximum lateral wind volume of the firebreak to look up the table to determine the target maximum fire spread amplitude, that is, the maximum fire spread amplitude of the firebreak. It should be noted that the maximum fire spread amplitude is 5, and the width of the isolation belt must be at least 5m to prevent the fire from spreading beyond the isolation belt.

[0080] The second determining unit 40 is configured to determine the width of the fire spread prevention road according to the target maximum fire spread range, wherein the width of the fire spread prevention road is greater than the target maximum fire spread range.

[0081] Specifically, theoretically, the minimum width of the fire spread road satisfies W min = Maximum fire amplitude H of horizontal spread of forest fire max , that is, the critical barrier effect of the fire spreading road on the maximum fire intensity can be achieved. That is, by establishing a distance relationship between the maximum fire intensity caused by the spread of forest fire and the accessible combustibles, the effective width W of the forest fire spreading road can be obtained. min Therefore, the width W of the fire prevention road is greater than the target maximum fire spread H max .

[0082] In the control device for the spread of fire in the forest area, the acquisition unit acquires the maximum lateral wind volume, the crown width inclination range and the outer vegetation height of the fire prevention belt in the forest area, the maximum lateral wind volume is the maximum wind volume in the direction of fire spread in a historical period of time, the crown width inclination range is the range of angles between the crown widths of all vegetation in the fire prevention belt and the ground, the outer vegetation height is the average height of vegetation in the forest area, the fire spread direction is the direction of the fire passing through the fire prevention belt and approaching the fire spread road in the forest area, the forest area is divided into multiple partitions, the partitions are separated by the fire spread roads and the fire prevention belts, and the fire prevention belts are located on both sides of the fire spread roads; the calculation unit calculates the fire spread direction according to the above. The width of the fire prevention belt is calculated based on the crown width inclination range and the outer vegetation height. The width of the fire prevention belt is the length of the target right-angled side corresponding to the minimum value of the crown width inclination range. The target right-angled side is another right-angled side in the right triangle, the length of which is the right-angled side of the outer vegetation height. The first determination unit determines the target maximum fire spread range by looking up the maximum fire spread range table according to the maximum lateral wind volume. The maximum fire spread range table is a comparison table of the wind volume in the fire spread direction and the maximum fire spread range. The second determination unit determines the width of the fire prevention road according to the target maximum fire spread range. The width of the fire prevention road is greater than the target maximum fire spread range. The device divides the forest area into multiple zones and calculates the width of the firebreak belts and fire prevention roads between the zones to ensure that the fire in one zone cannot spread across the firebreak road and affect the zone on the opposite side. This effectively controls the spread of fire without forming a large firebreak. This solves the problem of the existing forest fire prevention technology being difficult to control the spread of large fires. It prevents the spread of fires in large mountainous areas and woodlands and prevents them from being extinguished in a short time. It helps to burn local areas while protecting the entire forest area from damage, facilitates inspections and patrols, and facilitates future economic development and utilization of the forest area. In combination with daily highway transportation hubs, it facilitates vehicle circulation and transportation.

[0083] In order to ensure the accuracy of the target maximum fire spread, in an optional solution, the above-mentioned device further includes:

[0084] a generating unit configured to execute the generating step, before determining a target maximum fire spread range by looking up a maximum fire spread range table according to the maximum lateral wind volume, generating a geometrically scaled simulation model based on the firebreak, wherein a size of the geometrically scaled simulation model is proportional to a size of the firebreak;

[0085] a simulation unit configured to execute a simulation step, wherein, when the wind volume in the fire spreading direction is a predetermined wind volume, the geometrically proportional simulation model is used to simulate the fire spreading in the fireproof forest belt, and obtain a maximum fire spreading amplitude of the geometrically proportional simulation model;

[0086] The first calculation unit is configured to perform a calculation step to convert the maximum fire spread range of the geometric simulation model into a maximum fire spread range of the fire prevention forest belt;

[0087] The adjustment unit is used to adjust the above-mentioned predetermined air volume and repeat the above-mentioned generation step, the above-mentioned simulation step and the above-mentioned calculation step in sequence until the above-mentioned maximum fire spread range table is obtained.

[0088] In this embodiment, the terrain and slope of the site are obtained, and the wind conditions, width and inclination of the vegetation belt are determined. A similar simulation model is established for the terrain slope, which is reduced according to a certain calculation ratio to meet the similarity of wind conditions, slope conditions, vegetation combustion coefficient and geometric scale. In order to study the lateral flame extension characteristics of the protective belt during the combustion process after the tree and shrub belt is ignited, under the structural design of geometric inclination. Therefore, under the premise of ensuring the similarity of the geometric appearance of the fire protection belt, different wind volumes are designed, the maximum fire spread intensity under the similar model is calculated, and the similar model is ignited from the outer edge of the belt. Different wind volumes w1, w2, w3... are given laterally to obtain the lateral fire spread amplitude of the model. Through the ruler behind the model, the simulated belt with an angle of 30° to 45° under different wind volumes is accurately measured. At a certain wind speed of w i Under these conditions, the maximum horizontal fire spread amplitude h of the similar model is obtained. max , and then convert it into the maximum fire spread under actual conditions according to the similar simulation conversion ratio H max , we can get the maximum fire spread H under this condition max , forming a table of maximum fire spread.

[0089] In a specific implementation, the first calculation unit may be implemented by the following modules. In an optional solution, in order to suppress the intensity and spread of the fire, the first calculation unit includes:

[0090] a determination module, configured to determine the minimum value of the crown width inclination angle range as the minimum crown width inclination angle;

[0091] The calculation module is used to calculate the ratio of the height of the outer vegetation to the tangent value of the minimum crown inclination angle to obtain the width of the fire prevention belt.

[0092] In this embodiment, the above-mentioned crown inclination angle range is 30° to 45°, and the minimum crown inclination angle α is 30°, which is the height h of the trees in the assumed forest area, which can be measured on site. Then the forest belt width w can be measured according to tanα=h / w. Such an inclination angle and forest belt width can effectively control the horizontal and vertical spread of fire during the spread of fire and can suppress the intensity and spread of fire.

[0093] In a specific implementation, the calculation module can be implemented by the following submodules. In an optional solution, in order to suppress the intensity and spread of the fire, the calculation module includes:

[0094] A calculation submodule is used to calculate the ratio of the outer vegetation height to the tangent value of the minimum crown width inclination angle to obtain a preparation width value;

[0095] The determination submodule is used to determine the larger value of the above-mentioned preparation width value and the minimum width threshold as the width of the above-mentioned fire prevention belt.

[0096] In this embodiment, the minimum width threshold is 20m. If the calculated width of the fire-prevention forest belts on both sides of the fire-prevention road is less than 20m, the width of 20m shall be taken as the standard. In principle, it shall be at least ≧20m to further suppress the intensity and spread of the fire. Of course, the minimum width threshold is not limited to 20m and can be adjusted according to actual conditions.

[0097] Furthermore, in an optional solution, the ratio of the width of the fire spread prevention road to the target maximum fire spread range is greater than or equal to 1.2.

[0098] In this embodiment, in actual application, a certain margin is reserved, that is, the width of the fire spread road W min It should be at least the maximum fire spread H of the fire spreading horizontally max 1.2 times of W min =1.2H max Under the inclination design conditions of the external vegetation strip, the closer to the inside of the road, the lower the vegetation, and the smaller the maximum lateral spread of the fire. In this way, the road width design obtained under multiple guarantee conditions can effectively block the spread of forest fire. In addition, considering that the main road of the first-level fire prevention road meets the dual-lane design, and the width of the dual-lane is usually between 6m and 15m, the calculated road width must meet the above conditions, and the larger one can be taken, so as to effectively block the fire from spreading to the vegetation strip on the other side of the road.

[0099] In order to further suppress the spread of fire, in an optional solution, the above device also includes:

[0100] a third determining unit configured to, after determining the width of the fire spread prevention road according to the target maximum fire spread range, distribute a plurality of rainwater collection pools in the forest area, the rainwater collection pools being located on both sides of the fire spread prevention road and spaced a predetermined distance apart;

[0101] The second acquisition unit is used to obtain the rainfall in the forest area, where the rainfall is the average rainfall in the direction of the fire spread over a historical period of time;

[0102] A fourth determining unit is configured to determine the volume of the rainwater collection pool according to the rainfall.

[0103] In the embodiment, after the width of the fire spreading road and the width of the fire spreading forest belt are determined, the volume of the underground rainwater collection pool on both sides of the fire spreading road is calculated. The size of the underground rainwater collection pool can be designed by referring to the meteorological data of the region to obtain the average annual rainfall in the past ten years, the maximum rainfall intensity, and the road surface catchment area, so as to prevent the designed underground rainwater collection pool from not meeting the actual application. An underground rainwater collection pool is designed at a certain distance interval on both sides of the fire spreading road to supply water for the fire extinguishing equipment. For example, one underground rainwater collection pool is shared by three sets of automatic identification fire extinguishing systems, and the distance between the underground rainwater collection pools is controlled at about 60 m. The top of the underground rainwater collection pool is covered with natural soil, and then the automatic fire extinguishing system can be arranged at an equal interval of 20 m. The fire extinguishing coverage radius is 10 m, which can fully utilize the water collected by the underground rainwater collection pool to spray water to the fire belt, extinguish the fire spreading to the edge of the road, and greatly reduce the fire intensity of the shrub fire belt, so as to prevent the fire from further spreading beyond the fire road and burning to other adjacent areas.

[0104] The above-mentioned forest fire spreading control device includes a processor and a memory. The first acquisition unit, the first calculation unit, the first determination unit, the second determination unit, and the like are stored in the memory as program units, and the corresponding functions are realized by the processor executing the program units stored in the memory. The above-mentioned modules are located in the same processor; or the modules are located in different processors in any combination.

[0105] The processor includes a core, and the core calls the corresponding program unit from the memory. The core can be one or more, and the core parameters are adjusted.

[0106] The memory can include a non-permanent memory in a computer readable medium, a random access memory (RAM), and / or a non-volatile memory such as a read-only memory (ROM) or a flash memory (flash RAM). The memory includes at least one memory chip.

[0107] The embodiment of the present application provides a computer readable storage medium. The computer readable storage medium includes a stored program. When the program runs, the device where the computer readable storage medium is located executes the forest fire spreading control method.

[0108] Specifically, the forest fire spreading control method includes:

[0109] Step S201, obtaining the maximum lateral wind volume, canopy inclination range, and outer vegetation height of the firebreak belt in the forest area, wherein the maximum lateral wind volume is the maximum wind volume in the direction of fire spread within a historical period of time, the canopy inclination range is the range of angles between the canopies of all vegetation in the firebreak belt and the ground, the outer vegetation height is the average height of vegetation in the forest area, the fire spread direction is the direction in which the fire passes through the firebreak belt and approaches the fire spread road in the forest area, the forest area is divided into multiple zones, and the zones are separated by the fire spread roads and the firebreak belts, and the firebreak belts are located on both sides of the fire spread roads;

[0110] Specifically, using satellite remote sensing data or mapping software such as Aowei and Big Map, the size, shape, topography, and geomorphic features of the planned forest area are first determined. Based on the size of the forest area, the topography, topography, and natural ridges and barriers, the forest area is zoned. The directions of fire prevention roads in the forest area are then determined based on the divided areas. Road distribution is optimized to integrate the terrain's advantages to form a natural barrier. Fire prevention roads also take into account the design of transportation systems and long-term development. Small meteorological monitoring stations are used to monitor local meteorological data in the planned forest area, primarily to obtain wind force level, prevailing wind direction, crosswind direction, rainfall, and rainfall intensity. The prevailing wind direction is combined with basic data such as the area's topography and slope to determine the location, distribution, and direction of fire prevention roads in the forest area. First, ensure that the fire prevention roads in the forest area are as perpendicular to the main wind direction as possible, and the angle between the main wind direction and the road is between 90°±20°. Taking into account other ancillary conditions such as terrain and slope, firebreaks composed of fire-resistant trees and shrubs are laid out on both sides of the planned fire prevention roads, with a width ratio of 2:1. The constructed firebreaks transition from high to low from the outside of the road to the inside of the road. The overall crown width of the firebreak forms an angle α of 30° to 45° with the ground, that is, the crown width inclination range is 30° to 45°, and the angle with the fire prevention road surface is 135° to 160°. The height of the vegetation on the outermost side of the firebreak is similar to the height of the vegetation in the connecting part of the forest area, but does not exceed the height of the vegetation in the forest area. Once the separation planning of the fire prevention roads and the firebreaks is completed, the maximum lateral wind volume, crown width inclination range, and outer vegetation height of the firebreaks in the forest area can be obtained.

[0111] Step S202: Calculate the width of the firebreak based on the canopy inclination range and the outer vegetation height. The width of the firebreak is the length of the target right-angled side corresponding to the minimum value of the canopy inclination range. The target right-angled side is the other right-angled side of the right triangle whose length is equal to the right-angled side of the outer vegetation height.

[0112] Specifically, the average height of trees in the forest area is taken as the height h of the vegetation on the outermost side of the fireproof forest belt, and the vegetation on the outermost side of the fireproof forest belt is perpendicular to the ground at an angle of 90°, and the crown width of the fireproof forest belt is at an angle of 30° to 45° with the ground, and in a right triangle, one side length and two internal angles are known, and the width w of the fireproof forest belt can be converted.

[0113] In step S203, the target maximum fire spread range is determined according to the maximum transverse wind amount and the maximum fire spread range table. The maximum fire spread range table is a table of wind amount and maximum fire spread range in the fire spread direction.

[0114] Specifically, by means of the wind speed, terrain, vegetation belt width and inclination angle, vegetation burning parameter characteristics and time in the region, a similar simulation experiment model is built, mainly considering wind speed, combustible material coefficient, slope and geometric similarity, and the maximum transverse fire spread range h of the similar model after burning is measured by adjusting and controlling the wind amount of the similar experiment model built by simulation materials. max According to the similar ratio conversion, the H of the forest belt under the design condition under the actual condition can be obtained. max The maximum fire spread range under multiple wind amounts in the fire spread direction is determined to obtain the maximum fire spread range table, and then the target maximum fire spread range of the fireproof forest belt is determined according to the maximum transverse wind amount of the fireproof forest belt. It is necessary to point out that the maximum fire spread range is 5, and the isolation belt width is at least 5m to prevent the fire from spreading over the isolation belt.

[0115] In step S204, the width of the fireproof spread road is determined according to the target maximum fire spread range. The width of the fireproof spread road is greater than the target maximum fire spread range.

[0116] Specifically, theoretically, the minimum width of the fireproof spread road meets W min = the maximum fire spread range H max of the forest fire transverse spread, that is, the critical blocking effect of the fireproof spread road to the maximum fire can be achieved. That is, the distance relationship between the maximum fire spread range generated by the forest fire spread and the accessible combustible material is established, and the effective width W min of the forest fire spread road is obtained. max Therefore, the width W of the fireproof spread road is greater than the target maximum fire spread range H max .

[0117] Optionally, before the above-mentioned step S203, the above-mentioned method includes: step S301, for executing the generation step, generating a geometric simulation model according to the above-mentioned fire prevention belt, and the size of the above-mentioned geometric simulation model is proportional to the size of the above-mentioned fire prevention belt; step S302, for executing the simulation step, when the wind volume in the above-mentioned fire spread direction is a predetermined wind volume, using the above-mentioned geometric simulation model to simulate the fire spread of the above-mentioned fire prevention belt, and obtaining the maximum fire spread amplitude of the above-mentioned geometric simulation model; step S303, for executing the calculation step, performing geometric conversion on the maximum fire spread amplitude of the above-mentioned geometric simulation model to obtain the maximum fire spread amplitude of the above-mentioned fire prevention belt; step S304, for executing the adjustment of the above-mentioned predetermined wind volume, and repeating the above-mentioned generation step, the above-mentioned simulation step and the above-mentioned calculation step in sequence until the above-mentioned maximum fire spread amplitude table is obtained.

[0118] Optionally, the above-mentioned step S202 includes: step S2021, determining the minimum value of the above-mentioned crown width inclination angle range as the minimum crown width inclination angle; step S2022, calculating the ratio of the above-mentioned outer vegetation height to the tangent value of the above-mentioned minimum crown width inclination angle to obtain the width of the above-mentioned fire prevention forest belt.

[0119] Optionally, the above-mentioned step S2022 includes: step S20221, calculating the ratio of the above-mentioned outer vegetation height to the tangent value of the above-mentioned minimum crown inclination angle to obtain the preparation width value; step S20222, determining the larger value of the above-mentioned preparation width value and the minimum width threshold as the width of the above-mentioned fire prevention forest belt.

[0120] Optionally, further, in an optional scheme, the ratio of the width of the above-mentioned fire spread road to the above-mentioned target maximum fire spread range is greater than or equal to 1.2.

[0121] In this embodiment, in actual application, a certain margin is reserved, that is, the width of the fire spread road W min It should be at least the maximum fire spread H of the fire spreading horizontally max 1.2 times of W min =1.2H max Under the inclination design conditions of the external vegetation strip, the closer to the inside of the road, the lower the vegetation, and the smaller the maximum lateral spread of the fire. In this way, the road width design obtained under multiple guarantee conditions can effectively block the spread of forest fire. In addition, considering that the main road of the first-level fire prevention road meets the dual-lane design, and the width of the dual-lane is usually between 6m and 15m, the calculated road width must meet the above conditions, and the larger one can be taken, so as to effectively block the fire from spreading to the vegetation strip on the other side of the road.

[0122] After the above step S204, the above method also includes: step S401, setting up and distributing multiple rainwater collection pools in the above forest area, and the above rainwater collection pools are located on both sides of the above fire spread road and are separated by a predetermined distance; step S402, obtaining the rainfall in the above forest area, and the above rainfall is the average rainfall in the direction of the fire spread within a historical time period; step S403, determining the volume of the above rainwater collection pool based on the above rainfall.

[0123] An embodiment of the present invention provides a processor, which is used to run a program, wherein the program executes the above-mentioned method for controlling the spread of forest fire when running.

[0124] Specifically, methods for controlling the spread of forest fires include:

[0125] Step S201, obtaining the maximum lateral wind volume, canopy inclination range, and outer vegetation height of the firebreak belt in the forest area, wherein the maximum lateral wind volume is the maximum wind volume in the direction of fire spread within a historical period of time, the canopy inclination range is the range of angles between the canopies of all vegetation in the firebreak belt and the ground, the outer vegetation height is the average height of vegetation in the forest area, the fire spread direction is the direction in which the fire passes through the firebreak belt and approaches the fire spread road in the forest area, the forest area is divided into multiple zones, and the zones are separated by the fire spread roads and the firebreak belts, and the firebreak belts are located on both sides of the fire spread roads;

[0126] Specifically, using satellite remote sensing data or mapping software such as Aowei and Big Map, the size, shape, topography, and geomorphic features of the planned forest area are first determined. Based on the size of the forest area, the topography, topography, and natural ridges and barriers, the forest area is zoned. The directions of fire prevention roads in the forest area are then determined based on the divided areas. Road distribution is optimized to integrate the terrain's advantages to form a natural barrier. Fire prevention roads also take into account the design of transportation systems and long-term development. Small meteorological monitoring stations are used to monitor local meteorological data in the planned forest area, primarily to obtain wind force level, prevailing wind direction, crosswind direction, rainfall, and rainfall intensity. The prevailing wind direction is combined with basic data such as the area's topography and slope to determine the location, distribution, and direction of fire prevention roads in the forest area. First, ensure that the fire prevention roads in the forest area are as perpendicular to the main wind direction as possible, and the angle between the main wind direction and the road is between 90°±20°. Taking into account other ancillary conditions such as terrain and slope, firebreaks composed of fire-resistant trees and shrubs are laid out on both sides of the planned fire prevention roads, with a width ratio of 2:1. The constructed firebreaks transition from high to low from the outside of the road to the inside of the road. The overall crown width of the firebreak forms an angle α of 30° to 45° with the ground, that is, the crown width inclination range is 30° to 45°, and the angle with the fire prevention road surface is 135° to 160°. The height of the vegetation on the outermost side of the firebreak is similar to the height of the vegetation in the connecting part of the forest area, but does not exceed the height of the vegetation in the forest area. Once the separation planning of the fire prevention roads and the firebreaks is completed, the maximum lateral wind volume, crown width inclination range, and outer vegetation height of the firebreaks in the forest area can be obtained.

[0127] Step S202: Calculate the width of the firebreak based on the canopy inclination range and the outer vegetation height. The width of the firebreak is the length of the target right-angled side corresponding to the minimum value of the canopy inclination range. The target right-angled side is the other right-angled side of the right triangle whose length is equal to the right-angled side of the outer vegetation height.

[0128] Specifically, the average height of the trees in the forest area is taken as the height h of the outermost vegetation of the firebreak belt, and the outermost vegetation of the firebreak belt is perpendicular to the ground at an angle of 90°. It is also known that the crown width of the firebreak belt is at an angle α of 30° to 45° to the ground. In a right-angled triangle, once the length of one side and two internal angles are known, the width w of the firebreak belt can be converted.

[0129] Step S203: determining a target maximum fire spread range based on the maximum lateral air volume by looking up a maximum fire spread range table, wherein the maximum fire spread range table is a comparison table of air volume in the fire spread direction and maximum fire spread range;

[0130] Specifically, a similar simulation experimental model was built based on the wind speed, topography, vegetation belt width and inclination, vegetation combustion parameter characteristics and time in the area. The wind speed, combustible material coefficient, slope and geometric similarity were considered as the core parameters. The similar experimental model built with simulation materials was used to adjust and control different wind volumes to calculate the maximum horizontal fire spread h generated by the similar model after combustion. max , and then convert according to the similarity ratio to obtain the H under the design conditions of the forest belt under actual conditions. max Determine the maximum fire spread amplitude under the wind volume in multiple fire spread directions, obtain the maximum fire spread amplitude table, and then use the maximum lateral wind volume of the firebreak to look up the table to determine the target maximum fire spread amplitude, that is, the maximum fire spread amplitude of the firebreak. It should be noted that the maximum fire spread amplitude is 5, and the width of the isolation belt must be at least 5m to prevent the fire from spreading beyond the isolation belt.

[0131] Step S204: determining the width of the fire spread prevention road according to the target maximum fire spread range, wherein the width of the fire spread prevention road is greater than the target maximum fire spread range.

[0132] Specifically, theoretically, the minimum width of the fire spread road satisfies W min = Maximum fire amplitude H of horizontal spread of forest fire max , that is, the critical barrier effect of the fire spreading road on the maximum fire intensity can be achieved. That is, by establishing a distance relationship between the maximum fire intensity caused by the spread of forest fire and the accessible combustibles, the effective width W of the forest fire spreading road can be obtained. min Therefore, the width W of the fire prevention road is greater than the target maximum fire spread H max .

[0133] Optionally, before the above-mentioned step S203, the above-mentioned method includes: step S301, for executing the generation step, generating a geometric simulation model according to the above-mentioned fire prevention belt, and the size of the above-mentioned geometric simulation model is proportional to the size of the above-mentioned fire prevention belt; step S302, for executing the simulation step, when the wind volume in the above-mentioned fire spread direction is a predetermined wind volume, using the above-mentioned geometric simulation model to simulate the fire spread of the above-mentioned fire prevention belt, and obtaining the maximum fire spread amplitude of the above-mentioned geometric simulation model; step S303, for executing the calculation step, performing geometric conversion on the maximum fire spread amplitude of the above-mentioned geometric simulation model to obtain the maximum fire spread amplitude of the above-mentioned fire prevention belt; step S304, for executing the adjustment of the above-mentioned predetermined wind volume, and repeating the above-mentioned generation step, the above-mentioned simulation step and the above-mentioned calculation step in sequence until the above-mentioned maximum fire spread amplitude table is obtained.

[0134] Optionally, the above-mentioned step S202 includes: step S2021, determining the minimum value of the above-mentioned crown width inclination angle range as the minimum crown width inclination angle; step S2022, calculating the ratio of the above-mentioned outer vegetation height to the tangent value of the above-mentioned minimum crown width inclination angle to obtain the width of the above-mentioned fire prevention forest belt.

[0135] Optionally, the above-mentioned step S2022 includes: step S20221, calculating the ratio of the above-mentioned outer vegetation height to the tangent value of the above-mentioned minimum crown inclination angle to obtain the preparation width value; step S20222, determining the larger value of the above-mentioned preparation width value and the minimum width threshold as the width of the above-mentioned fire prevention forest belt.

[0136] Optionally, further, in an optional scheme, the ratio of the width of the above-mentioned fire spread road to the above-mentioned target maximum fire spread range is greater than or equal to 1.2.

[0137] In this embodiment, in actual application, a certain margin is reserved, that is, the width of the fire spread road W min It should be at least the maximum fire spread H of the fire spreading horizontally max 1.2 times of W min =1.2H max Under the inclination design conditions of the external vegetation strip, the closer to the inside of the road, the lower the vegetation, and the smaller the maximum lateral spread of the fire. In this way, the road width design obtained under multiple guarantee conditions can effectively block the spread of forest fire. In addition, considering that the main road of the first-level fire prevention road meets the dual-lane design, and the width of the dual-lane is usually between 6m and 15m, the calculated road width must meet the above conditions, and the larger one can be taken, so as to effectively block the fire from spreading to the vegetation strip on the other side of the road.

[0138] After the above step S204, the above method also includes: step S401, setting up and distributing multiple rainwater collection pools in the above forest area, and the above rainwater collection pools are located on both sides of the above fire spread road and are separated by a predetermined distance; step S402, obtaining the rainfall in the above forest area, and the above rainfall is the average rainfall in the direction of the fire spread within a historical time period; step S403, determining the volume of the above rainwater collection pool based on the above rainfall.

[0139] An embodiment of the present invention provides a forest fire prevention system. The device includes a processor, a memory, and a program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the program, at least the following steps are performed:

[0140] Step S201, obtaining the maximum lateral wind volume, canopy inclination range, and outer vegetation height of the firebreak belt in the forest area, wherein the maximum lateral wind volume is the maximum wind volume in the direction of fire spread within a historical period of time, the canopy inclination range is the range of angles between the canopies of all vegetation in the firebreak belt and the ground, the outer vegetation height is the average height of vegetation in the forest area, the fire spread direction is the direction in which the fire passes through the firebreak belt and approaches the fire spread road in the forest area, the forest area is divided into multiple zones, and the zones are separated by the fire spread roads and the firebreak belts, and the firebreak belts are located on both sides of the fire spread roads;

[0141] Specifically, using satellite remote sensing data or mapping software such as Aowei and Big Map, the size, shape, topography, and geomorphic features of the planned forest area are first determined. Based on the size of the forest area, the topography, topography, and natural ridges and barriers, the forest area is zoned. The directions of fire prevention roads in the forest area are then determined based on the divided areas. Road distribution is optimized to integrate the terrain's advantages to form a natural barrier. Fire prevention roads also take into account the design of transportation systems and long-term development. Small meteorological monitoring stations are used to monitor local meteorological data in the planned forest area, primarily to obtain wind force level, prevailing wind direction, crosswind direction, rainfall, and rainfall intensity. The prevailing wind direction is combined with basic data such as the area's topography and slope to determine the location, distribution, and direction of fire prevention roads in the forest area. First, ensure that the fire prevention roads in the forest area are as perpendicular to the main wind direction as possible, and the angle between the main wind direction and the road is between 90°±20°. Taking into account other ancillary conditions such as terrain and slope, firebreaks composed of fire-resistant trees and shrubs are laid out on both sides of the planned fire prevention roads, with a width ratio of 2:1. The constructed firebreaks transition from high to low from the outside of the road to the inside of the road. The overall crown width of the firebreak forms an angle α of 30° to 45° with the ground, that is, the crown width inclination range is 30° to 45°, and the angle with the fire prevention road surface is 135° to 160°. The height of the vegetation on the outermost side of the firebreak is similar to the height of the vegetation in the connecting part of the forest area, but does not exceed the height of the vegetation in the forest area. Once the separation planning of the fire prevention roads and the firebreaks is completed, the maximum lateral wind volume, crown width inclination range, and outer vegetation height of the firebreaks in the forest area can be obtained.

[0142] Step S202: Calculate the width of the firebreak based on the canopy inclination range and the outer vegetation height. The width of the firebreak is the length of the target right-angled side corresponding to the minimum value of the canopy inclination range. The target right-angled side is the other right-angled side of the right triangle whose length is equal to the right-angled side of the outer vegetation height.

[0143] Specifically, the average height of trees in the forest area is taken as the height h of the vegetation on the outermost side of the fireproof forest belt, and the vegetation on the outermost side of the fireproof forest belt is perpendicular to the ground at an angle of 90°, and the crown width of the fireproof forest belt is at an angle of 30° to 45° with the ground, and in a right triangle, one side length and two internal angles are known, and the width w of the fireproof forest belt can be converted.

[0144] In step S203, the target maximum fire spread range is determined according to the maximum transverse wind amount and the maximum fire spread range table. The maximum fire spread range table is a table of wind amount and maximum fire spread range in the fire spread direction.

[0145] Specifically, by means of the wind speed, terrain, vegetation belt width and inclination angle, vegetation burning parameter characteristics and time in the region, a similar simulation experiment model is built, mainly considering wind speed, combustible material coefficient, slope and geometric similarity, and the maximum transverse fire spread range h of the similar model after burning is measured by adjusting and controlling the wind amount of the similar experiment model built by simulation materials. max According to the similar ratio conversion, the H of the forest belt under the design conditions under the actual conditions can be obtained. max The maximum fire spread range under multiple wind amounts in the fire spread direction is determined to obtain the maximum fire spread range table, and then the target maximum fire spread range of the fireproof forest belt is determined according to the maximum transverse wind amount of the fireproof forest belt. It is necessary to point out that the maximum fire spread range is 5, and the isolation belt width is at least 5m to prevent the fire from spreading over the isolation belt.

[0146] In step S204, the width of the fireproof spread road is determined according to the target maximum fire spread range. The width of the fireproof spread road is greater than the target maximum fire spread range.

[0147] Specifically, theoretically, the minimum width of the fireproof spread road meets W min = the maximum fire spread range H max of the forest fire transverse spread, that is, the critical blocking effect of the fireproof spread road to the maximum fire can be achieved. That is, the distance relationship between the maximum fire spread range generated by the forest fire spread and the accessible combustible material is established, and the effective width W min of the forest fire spread road is obtained. max Therefore, the width W of the fireproof spread road is greater than the target maximum fire spread range H max .

[0148] Optionally, before the above-mentioned step S203, the above-mentioned method includes: step S301, for executing the generation step, generating a geometric simulation model according to the above-mentioned fire prevention belt, and the size of the above-mentioned geometric simulation model is proportional to the size of the above-mentioned fire prevention belt; step S302, for executing the simulation step, when the wind volume in the above-mentioned fire spread direction is a predetermined wind volume, using the above-mentioned geometric simulation model to simulate the fire spread of the above-mentioned fire prevention belt, and obtaining the maximum fire spread amplitude of the above-mentioned geometric simulation model; step S303, for executing the calculation step, performing geometric conversion on the maximum fire spread amplitude of the above-mentioned geometric simulation model to obtain the maximum fire spread amplitude of the above-mentioned fire prevention belt; step S304, for executing the adjustment of the above-mentioned predetermined wind volume, and repeating the above-mentioned generation step, the above-mentioned simulation step and the above-mentioned calculation step in sequence until the above-mentioned maximum fire spread amplitude table is obtained.

[0149] Optionally, the above-mentioned step S202 includes: step S2021, determining the minimum value of the above-mentioned crown width inclination angle range as the minimum crown width inclination angle; step S2022, calculating the ratio of the above-mentioned outer vegetation height to the tangent value of the above-mentioned minimum crown width inclination angle to obtain the width of the above-mentioned fire prevention forest belt.

[0150] Optionally, the above-mentioned step S2022 includes: step S20221, calculating the ratio of the above-mentioned outer vegetation height to the tangent value of the above-mentioned minimum crown inclination angle to obtain the preparation width value; step S20222, determining the larger value of the above-mentioned preparation width value and the minimum width threshold as the width of the above-mentioned fire prevention forest belt.

[0151] Optionally, further, in an optional scheme, the ratio of the width of the above-mentioned fire spread road to the above-mentioned target maximum fire spread range is greater than or equal to 1.2.

[0152] In this embodiment, in actual application, a certain margin is reserved, that is, the width of the fire spread road W min It should be at least the maximum fire spread H of the fire spreading horizontally max 1.2 times of W min =1.2H max Under the inclination design conditions of the external vegetation strip, the closer to the inside of the road, the lower the vegetation, and the smaller the maximum lateral spread of the fire. In this way, the road width design obtained under multiple guarantee conditions can effectively block the spread of forest fire. In addition, considering that the main road of the first-level fire prevention road meets the dual-lane design, and the width of the dual-lane is usually between 6m and 15m, the calculated road width must meet the above conditions, and the larger one can be taken, so as to effectively block the fire from spreading to the vegetation strip on the other side of the road.

[0153] After the above step S204, the above method also includes: step S401, setting up and distributing multiple rainwater collection pools in the above forest area, and the above rainwater collection pools are located on both sides of the above fire spread road and are separated by a predetermined distance; step S402, obtaining the rainfall in the above forest area, and the above rainfall is the average rainfall in the direction of the fire spread within a historical time period; step S403, determining the volume of the above rainwater collection pool based on the above rainfall.

[0154] The present application also provides a computer program product, which, when executed on a data processing device, is adapted to execute a program for initializing at least the following method steps:

[0155] Step S201, obtaining the maximum lateral wind volume, canopy inclination range, and outer vegetation height of the firebreak belt in the forest area, wherein the maximum lateral wind volume is the maximum wind volume in the direction of fire spread within a historical period of time, the canopy inclination range is the range of angles between the canopies of all vegetation in the firebreak belt and the ground, the outer vegetation height is the average height of vegetation in the forest area, the fire spread direction is the direction in which the fire passes through the firebreak belt and approaches the fire spread road in the forest area, the forest area is divided into multiple zones, and the zones are separated by the fire spread roads and the firebreak belts, and the firebreak belts are located on both sides of the fire spread roads;

[0156] Specifically, using satellite remote sensing data or mapping software such as Aowei and Big Map, the size, shape, topography, and geomorphic features of the planned forest area are first determined. Based on the size of the forest area, the topography, topography, and natural ridges and barriers, the forest area is zoned. The directions of fire prevention roads in the forest area are then determined based on the divided areas. Road distribution is optimized to integrate the terrain's advantages to form a natural barrier. Fire prevention roads also take into account the design of transportation systems and long-term development. Small meteorological monitoring stations are used to monitor local meteorological data in the planned forest area, primarily to obtain wind force level, prevailing wind direction, crosswind direction, rainfall, and rainfall intensity. The prevailing wind direction is combined with basic data such as the area's topography and slope to determine the location, distribution, and direction of fire prevention roads in the forest area. First, ensure that the fire prevention roads in the forest area are as perpendicular to the main wind direction as possible, and the angle between the main wind direction and the road is between 90°±20°. Taking into account other ancillary conditions such as terrain and slope, firebreaks composed of fire-resistant trees and shrubs are laid out on both sides of the planned fire prevention roads, with a width ratio of 2:1. The constructed firebreaks transition from high to low from the outside of the road to the inside of the road. The overall crown width of the firebreak forms an angle α of 30° to 45° with the ground, that is, the crown width inclination range is 30° to 45°, and the angle with the fire prevention road surface is 135° to 160°. The height of the vegetation on the outermost side of the firebreak is similar to the height of the vegetation in the connecting part of the forest area, but does not exceed the height of the vegetation in the forest area. Once the separation planning of the fire prevention roads and the firebreaks is completed, the maximum lateral wind volume, crown width inclination range, and outer vegetation height of the firebreaks in the forest area can be obtained.

[0157] Step S202: Calculate the width of the firebreak based on the canopy inclination range and the outer vegetation height. The width of the firebreak is the length of the target right-angled side corresponding to the minimum value of the canopy inclination range. The target right-angled side is the other right-angled side of the right triangle whose length is equal to the right-angled side of the outer vegetation height.

[0158] Specifically, the average height of the trees in the forest area is taken as the height h of the outermost vegetation of the firebreak belt, and the outermost vegetation of the firebreak belt is perpendicular to the ground at an angle of 90°. It is also known that the crown width of the firebreak belt is at an angle α of 30° to 45° to the ground. In a right-angled triangle, once the length of one side and two internal angles are known, the width w of the firebreak belt can be converted.

[0159] Step S203: determining a target maximum fire spread range based on the maximum lateral air volume by looking up a maximum fire spread range table, wherein the maximum fire spread range table is a comparison table of air volume in the fire spread direction and maximum fire spread range;

[0160] Specifically, a similar simulation experimental model was built based on the wind speed, topography, vegetation belt width and inclination, vegetation combustion parameter characteristics and time in the area. The wind speed, combustible material coefficient, slope and geometric similarity were considered as the core parameters. The similar experimental model built with simulation materials was used to adjust and control different wind volumes to calculate the maximum horizontal fire spread h generated by the similar model after combustion. max , and then convert according to the similarity ratio to obtain the H under the design conditions of the forest belt under actual conditions. max Determine the maximum fire spread amplitude under the wind volume in multiple fire spread directions, obtain the maximum fire spread amplitude table, and then use the maximum lateral wind volume of the firebreak to look up the table to determine the target maximum fire spread amplitude, that is, the maximum fire spread amplitude of the firebreak. It should be noted that the maximum fire spread amplitude is 5, and the width of the isolation belt must be at least 5m to prevent the fire from spreading beyond the isolation belt.

[0161] Step S204: determining the width of the fire spread prevention road according to the target maximum fire spread range, wherein the width of the fire spread prevention road is greater than the target maximum fire spread range.

[0162] Specifically, theoretically, the minimum width of the fire spread road satisfies W min = Maximum fire amplitude H of horizontal spread of forest fire max , that is, the critical barrier effect of the fire spreading road on the maximum fire intensity can be achieved. That is, by establishing a distance relationship between the maximum fire intensity caused by the spread of forest fire and the accessible combustibles, the effective width W of the forest fire spreading road can be obtained. min Therefore, the width W of the fire prevention road is greater than the target maximum fire spread H max .

[0163] Optionally, before the above-mentioned step S203, the above-mentioned method includes: step S301, for executing the generation step, generating a geometric simulation model according to the above-mentioned fire prevention belt, and the size of the above-mentioned geometric simulation model is proportional to the size of the above-mentioned fire prevention belt; step S302, for executing the simulation step, when the wind volume in the above-mentioned fire spread direction is a predetermined wind volume, using the above-mentioned geometric simulation model to simulate the fire spread of the above-mentioned fire prevention belt, and obtaining the maximum fire spread amplitude of the above-mentioned geometric simulation model; step S303, for executing the calculation step, performing geometric conversion on the maximum fire spread amplitude of the above-mentioned geometric simulation model to obtain the maximum fire spread amplitude of the above-mentioned fire prevention belt; step S304, for executing the adjustment of the above-mentioned predetermined wind volume, and repeating the above-mentioned generation step, the above-mentioned simulation step and the above-mentioned calculation step in sequence until the above-mentioned maximum fire spread amplitude table is obtained.

[0164] Optionally, the above-mentioned step S202 includes: step S2021, determining the minimum value of the above-mentioned crown width inclination angle range as the minimum crown width inclination angle; step S2022, calculating the ratio of the above-mentioned outer vegetation height to the tangent value of the above-mentioned minimum crown width inclination angle to obtain the width of the above-mentioned fire prevention forest belt.

[0165] Optionally, the above-mentioned step S2022 includes: step S20221, calculating the ratio of the above-mentioned outer vegetation height to the tangent value of the above-mentioned minimum crown inclination angle to obtain the preparation width value; step S20222, determining the larger value of the above-mentioned preparation width value and the minimum width threshold as the width of the above-mentioned fire prevention forest belt.

[0166] Optionally, further, in an optional scheme, the ratio of the width of the above-mentioned fire spread road to the above-mentioned target maximum fire spread range is greater than or equal to 1.2.

[0167] In this embodiment, in actual application, a certain margin is reserved, that is, the width of the fire spread road W min It should be at least the maximum fire spread H of the fire spreading horizontally max 1.2 times of W min =1.2H max Under the inclination design conditions of the external vegetation strip, the closer to the inside of the road, the lower the vegetation, and the smaller the maximum lateral spread of the fire. In this way, the road width design obtained under multiple guarantee conditions can effectively block the spread of forest fire. In addition, considering that the main road of the first-level fire prevention road meets the dual-lane design, and the width of the dual-lane is usually between 6m and 15m, the calculated road width must meet the above conditions, and the larger one can be taken, so as to effectively block the fire from spreading to the vegetation strip on the other side of the road.

[0168] After the above step S204, the above method also includes: step S401, setting up and distributing multiple rainwater collection pools in the above forest area, and the above rainwater collection pools are located on both sides of the above fire spread road and are separated by a predetermined distance; step S402, obtaining the rainfall in the above forest area, and the above rainfall is the average rainfall in the direction of the fire spread within a historical time period; step S403, determining the volume of the above rainwater collection pool based on the above rainfall.

[0169] Obviously, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the various modules or steps of the present invention described above can be implemented using a general-purpose computing device, can be centralized on a single computing device, or can be distributed across a network of multiple computing devices. They can be implemented using program code executable by the computing device, and thus, can be stored in a storage device and executed by the computing device. In some cases, the steps shown or described herein can be performed in a different order than that shown, or can be fabricated as separate integrated circuit modules, or multiple modules or steps can be fabricated as a single integrated circuit module. Thus, the present invention is not limited to any particular combination of hardware and software.

[0170] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiments of the present application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present application can adopt the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment in combination with software and hardware. Moreover, the present application can adopt the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to magnetic disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) that contain computer-usable program code.

[0171] The present application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the methods, devices (systems), and computer program products according to the embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that each process and / or box in the flowchart and / or block diagram, as well as the combination of the processes and / or boxes in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing device to produce a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device generate instructions for implementing the steps in the process. Figure 1 a process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in a block or multiple blocks.

[0172] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising an instruction device, which implements the process Figure 1 a process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0173] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operational steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing the instructions executed on the computer or other programmable device for implementing the process.Figure 1 one or more processes and / or blocks Figure 1 the function(s) specified in the flow block or blocks.

[0174] In a typical configuration, a computing device includes one or more processors (CPUs), input / output interfaces, network interfaces, and memory.

[0175] The memory can include non-persistent memory and / or volatile memory, such as random access memory (RAM) and / or cache memory, non-volatile memory, such as read-only memory (ROM), EPROM, and / or flash memory, etc. The memory is an example of computer readable media.

[0176] Computer readable media includes permanent and non-permanent, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information such as computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data. Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase change memory (PRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), other types of random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology, compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), digital versatile disc (DVD), or other optical storage, magnetic cassette, magnetic tape magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transmission medium that can be used to store information accessible to a computing device. According to the definition herein, computer readable media does not include transitory media, such as modulated data signals and carrier waves.

[0177] It should also be noted that the terms "comprising", "containing", or any other variant thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not only include those elements, but can also include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article or apparatus. Without more limitations, the element defined by the statement "comprising a" does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article or apparatus that includes the element.

[0178] From the above description, it can be seen that the above-mentioned embodiments of the present application achieve the following technical effects:

[0179] 1) In the above-mentioned forest fire spread control method of the present application, first, the maximum lateral wind volume, canopy inclination range, and outer vegetation height of the firebreak belt in the forest area are obtained, wherein the maximum lateral wind volume is the maximum wind volume in the direction of fire spread within a historical period of time, the canopy inclination range is the range of angles between the canopies of all vegetation in the firebreak belt and the ground, the outer vegetation height is the average height of vegetation in the forest area, and the fire spread direction is the direction in which the fire passes through the firebreak belt and approaches the fire spread road in the forest area. The forest area is divided into multiple zones, and the zones are separated by the fire spread roads and the firebreak belts, and the firebreak belts are located on both sides of the fire spread roads. Then, the width of the fire prevention belt is calculated based on the above-mentioned crown width inclination angle range and the above-mentioned outer vegetation height. The width of the fire prevention belt is the length of the target right-angled side corresponding to the minimum value of the above-mentioned crown width inclination angle range. The above-mentioned target right-angled side is another right-angled side in the right triangle, the length of which is the right-angled side of the above-mentioned outer vegetation height. Afterwards, the target maximum fire spread range is determined by looking up the maximum fire spread range table based on the above-mentioned maximum lateral wind volume. The above-mentioned maximum fire spread range table is a comparison table of the wind volume in the above-mentioned fire spread direction and the maximum fire spread range. Finally, the width of the fire prevention road is determined based on the above-mentioned target maximum fire spread range. The width of the fire prevention road is greater than the above-mentioned target maximum fire spread range. This method divides a forest area into multiple zones and calculates the width of firebreaks and fire prevention roads between zones to ensure that a fire in one zone cannot spread across the firebreak road and reach the zone opposite the road. This effectively controls the spread of fire without the need to form large firebreaks. This method solves the problem of existing forest fire prevention technologies being unable to control the spread of large fires. It prevents fires from spreading over large mountainous areas and woodlands and being unable to be extinguished in a short period of time, effectively burning local areas while protecting the entire forest area from damage. This method also facilitates inspections and patrols, and facilitates future economic development and utilization of the forest area. Integrating with daily highway transportation hubs facilitates vehicle circulation and transportation.

[0180] 2) In the control device for the spread of fire in a forest area of ​​the present application, an acquisition unit acquires the maximum lateral wind volume, the crown width inclination angle range and the outer vegetation height of the fire prevention belt in the forest area, the above-mentioned maximum lateral wind volume is the maximum wind volume in the direction of fire spread in a historical period of time, the above-mentioned crown width inclination angle range is the range of angles between the crown widths of all vegetation in the above-mentioned fire prevention belt and the ground, the above-mentioned outer vegetation height is the average height of vegetation in the above-mentioned forest area, the above-mentioned fire spread direction is the direction in which the fire passes through the above-mentioned fire prevention belt and approaches the fire prevention spread road of the above-mentioned forest area, the above-mentioned forest area is divided into multiple partitions, and the above-mentioned partitions are separated by the above-mentioned fire prevention spread roads and the above-mentioned fire prevention belts, and the above-mentioned fire prevention belts are located on both sides of the above-mentioned fire prevention spread roads; a calculation unit The width of the fire prevention belt is calculated based on the above-mentioned crown width inclination range and the above-mentioned outer vegetation height. The width of the fire prevention belt is the length of the target right-angled side corresponding to the minimum value of the above-mentioned crown width inclination range. The above-mentioned target right-angled side is another right-angled side in the right triangle, the length of which is the right-angled side of the above-mentioned outer vegetation height; the first determination unit determines the target maximum fire spread amplitude by looking up the maximum fire spread amplitude table based on the above-mentioned maximum lateral wind volume, and the above-mentioned maximum fire spread amplitude table is a comparison table of the wind volume in the above-mentioned fire spread direction and the maximum fire spread amplitude; the second determination unit determines the width of the fire prevention road based on the above-mentioned target maximum fire spread amplitude, and the width of the fire prevention road is greater than the above-mentioned target maximum fire spread amplitude. The device divides the forest area into multiple zones and calculates the width of the firebreak belts and fire prevention roads between the zones to ensure that the fire in one zone cannot spread across the firebreak road and affect the zone on the opposite side. This effectively controls the spread of fire without forming a large firebreak. This solves the problem of the existing forest fire prevention technology being difficult to control the spread of large fires. It prevents the spread of fires in large mountainous areas and woodlands and prevents them from being extinguished in a short time. It helps to burn local areas while protecting the entire forest area from damage, facilitates inspections and patrols, and facilitates future economic development and utilization of the forest area. In combination with daily highway transportation hubs, it facilitates vehicle circulation and transportation.

[0181] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and variations are possible for those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for controlling the spread of forest fire, characterized in that: include: Obtain the maximum lateral wind volume, canopy inclination range, and outer vegetation height of the firebreak belt in the forest area, where the maximum lateral wind volume is the maximum wind volume in the direction of fire spread within a historical period of time, the canopy inclination range is the range of angles between the canopies of all vegetation in the firebreak belt and the ground, the outer vegetation height is the average height of vegetation in the forest area, and the fire spread direction is the direction in which the fire passes through the firebreak belt and approaches a fire spread road in the forest area. The forest area is divided into multiple zones, which are separated by the fire spread roads and the firebreak belts, and the firebreak belts are located on both sides of the fire spread roads. The width of the firebreak is calculated based on the canopy inclination range and the outer vegetation height, wherein the width of the firebreak is the length of the target right-angled side corresponding to the minimum value of the canopy inclination range, and the target right-angled side is the other right-angled side of the right triangle, the length of which is equal to the right-angled side of the outer vegetation height. Determine the target maximum fire spread range by looking up a maximum fire spread range table according to the maximum lateral wind volume, wherein the maximum fire spread range table is a comparison table between the wind volume in the fire spread direction and the maximum fire spread range; determining a width of the fire spread prevention road according to the target maximum fire spread range, wherein the width of the fire spread prevention road is greater than the target maximum fire spread range; The width of the firebreak forest belt is calculated based on the canopy inclination range and the height of the outer vegetation, including: Determining the minimum value of the crown width inclination angle range as the minimum crown width inclination angle; The ratio of the outer vegetation height to the tangent value of the minimum crown width angle is calculated to obtain the width of the fire prevention belt.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Before determining the maximum fire spread range by looking up the maximum fire spread range table according to the maximum lateral air volume, the method includes: a generating step of generating a geometric simulation model based on the firebreak forest belt, wherein the size of the geometric simulation model is proportional to the size of the firebreak forest belt; a simulation step, wherein the geometrically proportional simulation model is used to simulate the fire spread in the firebreak forest belt when the wind volume in the fire spread direction is a predetermined wind volume, and a maximum fire spread amplitude of the geometrically proportional simulation model is obtained; a calculation step of geometrically converting the maximum fire spread of the geometric simulation model to obtain the maximum fire spread of the firebreak forest belt; The predetermined air volume is adjusted, and the generating step, the simulating step, and the calculating step are repeated in sequence until the maximum fire spread range table is obtained.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Calculating the ratio of the outer vegetation height to the tangent value of the minimum crown width inclination angle to obtain the width of the firebreak belt includes: Calculating the ratio of the outer vegetation height to the tangent value of the minimum crown width inclination angle to obtain a preparation width value; The larger value of the reserve width value and the minimum width threshold is determined as the width of the fire prevention belt.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein The ratio of the width of the fire spread prevention road to the target maximum fire spread range is greater than or equal to 1.

2.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that After determining the width of the fire spread prevention road according to the target maximum fire spread amplitude, the method further includes: Distributing a plurality of rainwater collection pools in the forest area, the rainwater collection pools being located on both sides of the fire spread prevention road and spaced at a predetermined distance; Obtaining rainfall in the forest area, where the rainfall is an average rainfall in the direction of fire spread over a historical period of time; The volume of the rainwater collection pool is determined according to the rainfall.

6. A device for controlling the spread of fire in forest areas, characterized in that: include: an acquisition unit, configured to acquire a maximum lateral wind volume, a canopy inclination range, and an outer vegetation height of a firebreak belt in a forest area, wherein the maximum lateral wind volume is the maximum wind volume in the direction of fire spread within a historical period of time, the canopy inclination range is the range of angles between the canopies of all vegetation in the firebreak belt and the ground, the outer vegetation height is the average height of vegetation in the forest area, the fire spread direction is the direction in which the fire passes through the firebreak belt and approaches a fire spread road in the forest area, the forest area is divided into a plurality of zones, the zones are separated by the fire spread roads and the firebreak belts, and the firebreak belts are located on both sides of the fire spread roads; A first calculation unit is configured to calculate the width of the firebreak belt according to the crown width inclination angle range and the outer vegetation height, wherein the width of the firebreak belt is the length of a target right-angled side corresponding to the minimum value of the crown width inclination angle range, and the target right-angled side is another right-angled side of a right triangle other than the right-angled side having a length equal to the outer vegetation height; a first determining unit, configured to determine a target maximum fire spread range by looking up a maximum fire spread range table according to the maximum lateral wind volume, wherein the maximum fire spread range table is a comparison table between the wind volume in the fire spread direction and the maximum fire spread range; a second determining unit, configured to determine a width of the fire spread prevention road according to the target maximum fire spread range, wherein the width of the fire spread prevention road is greater than the target maximum fire spread range; The first calculation unit includes: a determination module, configured to determine the minimum value of the crown width inclination angle range as the minimum crown width inclination angle; The calculation module is used to calculate the ratio of the outer vegetation height to the tangent value of the minimum crown width inclination angle to obtain the width of the fire prevention belt.

7. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that The computer-readable storage medium includes a stored program, wherein when the program is executed, the device where the computer-readable storage medium is located is controlled to execute the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

8. A processor, characterized in that: The processor is configured to run a program, wherein the program executes the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 when running.

9. A forest fire prevention system, characterized in that: include: One or more processors, a memory, and one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors, and the one or more programs include instructions for executing the method of any one of claims 1 to 5.

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