A positioning and fixing fixture for mechanical processing and a fixing method thereof

Abstract

The present invention provides a positioning and fixing fixture for mechanical processing and a fixing method, including a workbench, two groups of clamping components are symmetrically and fixedly connected on the upper end surface of the workbench, a repair groove is opened on one side of the upper end surface of the workbench, a shaping component is arranged inside the repair groove, a hot-melt material is installed inside the repair groove, a heating plate is installed at the bottom of the repair groove, a hydraulic cylinder is installed on one side of the workbench, the clamping component includes a clamping roller, a meshing gear, a support seat and a threaded column, there are two groups of support seats, one end of the clamping roller is fixedly connected with a meshing gear, the clamping roller and the meshing gear are rotatably connected between the two groups of support seats, the meshing gear is fixedly connected with a connecting shaft on the side away from the clamping roller, a handle is slidably connected to one end of the connecting shaft, a friction layer is arranged on the outside of the connecting shaft, and a fixing rod is fixedly connected to one end of the threaded column. The present invention is simple to fix the workpiece and is suitable for fixing irregular workpieces.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of workpiece fixing, in particular to a positioning and fixing fixture for mechanical processing and a fixing method. Background Art

[0002] Metal parts have many advantages such as high strength, good toughness, and wear resistance, so they are widely used in machines. In order to ensure the size and precision of metal parts, people usually use machine tools to cut and grind metal blocks to process and shape metal parts. When cutting metal blocks, it is necessary to use fixtures to fix the metal blocks first to prevent the metal blocks from shifting and shaking, so that the machine tool processing can be accurate.

[0003] Existing metal processing positioning and fixing fixtures have many problems when used:

[0004] The existing positioning fixture can only stably clamp metal blocks with regular shapes. For some metal blocks with irregular shapes, a set of fixtures needs to be designed specifically, which seriously increases the processing cost.

[0005] When using a specific fixture to fix irregular metal blocks, the fixing operation is complicated and thus not universal. At the same time, the complicated clamping operation will also affect the processing efficiency.

[0006] Most existing clamps directly clamp the metal block, and the clamping plate or clamping head of the clamp is in direct contact with the metal block, which may cause a risk of damaging the metal block. Summary of the invention

[0007] 1. Technical issues to be resolved

[0008] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a positioning and fixing fixture for mechanical processing, comprising a workbench, two groups of clamping components are symmetrically fixedly connected on the upper end surface of the workbench, a repair groove is opened on one side of the upper end surface of the workbench, a shaping component is arranged inside the repair groove, a hot melt material is filled inside the repair groove, a heating plate is installed at the bottom of the repair groove, and a hydraulic cylinder is installed on one side of the workbench;

[0009] The clamping assembly includes a clamping roller, a meshing gear, a support seat and a threaded column. The support seat has two groups. One end of the clamping roller is fixedly connected to the meshing gear. The clamping roller and the meshing gear are rotatably connected between the two groups of support seats. The meshing gear is fixedly connected to a connecting shaft on the side away from the clamping roller. One end of the connecting shaft is slidably connected to a handle. A friction layer is arranged on the outside of the connecting shaft. One end of the threaded column is fixedly connected to a fixing rod. The other end of the threaded column is rotatably connected to an extrusion plate.

[0010] The shaping assembly includes an assembly plate, a push plate and several groups of clamping plates. The lower end surface of the assembly plate is provided with an assembly groove, a connecting component is installed inside the assembly groove, the push plate and the tops of several groups of the push plates are slidably connected inside the assembly groove, the upper end surface of the push plate is fixedly connected with a fixing column, and the several groups of the clamping plates are divided into two groups of equal number and are arranged on both sides of the push plate, and a group of limit plates are provided on both sides of the push plate;

[0011] The connecting component comprises an assembling rod, a gasket and a locking nut. The gasket is slidably connected to the outside of the assembling rod. There are two groups of locking nuts respectively fixedly connected to the two ends of the assembling rod.

[0012] As a further preference, the cross section of the clamping roller is a circle with a gradually increasing radius, and when the clamping rollers on two groups of the clamping assemblies are adjacent to each other at a point with the largest radius, the two groups of the clamping rollers are tangent to each other.

[0013] As a further preference, the meshing gears on the two groups of the clamping assemblies mesh with each other, and the meshing gears are rotatably connected to the outside of the support seat on the side away from the clamping roller with a threaded column.

[0014] As a further preference, the connecting shaft passes through the support seat and is fixedly connected to the meshing gear, the friction layer is inside the meshing gear, and the extrusion plate is inside the support seat and in pressure-free contact with the outside of the friction layer.

[0015] As a further preference, one end of the fixing column facing away from the push plate passes through the assembly plate, and a nut is externally connected to the end of the fixing column passing through the assembly plate.

[0016] As a further preference, the two groups of limit plates are symmetrical about the push plate, the two groups of limit plates are respectively located between a plurality of groups of clamping plates on both sides of the push plate, and the limit plates are slidably connected to the clamping plates.

[0017] As a further preference, the front end surfaces of the assembly plate, the push plate and the clamping plate are in the same horizontal plane, and the output end of the hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the rear end surface of the push plate through a hydraulic rod.

[0018] As a further preference, the push plate, the limit plate and the gasket have equal thickness, the length of the limit plate is equal to the width of the repair groove, the height of the limit plate is lower than the depth of the repair groove, and the gasket is aligned with the limit plate in the vertical direction.

[0019] As a further preference, the assembly rod penetrates the assembly slot and the tops of several groups of clamping plates inside the assembly slot.

[0020] As a further preferred embodiment, a method for fixing a workpiece with a positioning and fixing fixture for mechanical processing as mentioned above includes observing the structure of the workpiece, determining the surface of the workpiece to be processed, facing the processed surface of the workpiece upward and adjusting the positions of the two sets of limit plates so that the spacing between the two sets of limit plates is greater than or equal to the length of the workpiece, adding hot-melt material between the two sets of limit plates after the shaping component is assembled inside the repair groove, melting the hot-melt material through the heating plate, placing the workpiece between the two sets of limit plates, adjusting the position of the push plate inside the repair groove through the hydraulic cylinder so that the workpiece is clamped between the push plate and the inner wall of the repair groove, and taking out the workpiece and the hot-melt material together after the molten material is dried. The area on the outside of the workpiece wrapped with the hot-melt material will form a cube, and the cube is placed between the two sets of clamping rollers, and the connecting shaft is driven to rotate by the handle to rotate the meshing gear, so that the meshing gear rotates, and the two sets of meshing gears are meshed to make the two sets of clamping rollers rotate in opposite directions, so that the cube is clamped by the clamping rollers, and then the extrusion plate is pressed against the friction layer outside the connecting shaft by rotating the fixing rod, so that the positions of the two sets of clamping rollers are fixed, thereby completing the fixation of the workpiece.

[0021] (II) Beneficial effects

[0022] The present invention provides a positioning and fixing fixture for mechanical processing and a fixing method, which have the following beneficial effects:

[0023] The present invention provides a repair groove, a hydraulic cylinder and a shaping component, wherein the interior of the repair groove is filled with hot-melt material. Before the workpiece is fixed, the area to be clamped of the workpiece can be wrapped and shaped by the hot-melt material, so that the area on the outside of the workpiece wrapped with the hot-melt material will form a cube. The hot-melt material will fill the area on the outside of the workpiece that is originally unsuitable or inconvenient to clamp into a shape suitable for clamping. The cube formed on the outside of the workpiece allows the basic positioning of the workpiece to be completed by simply adjusting the position when clamping the workpiece.

[0024] The present invention drives the connecting shaft to rotate through the handle through the clamping assembly, and the connecting shaft drives the meshing gear to rotate. The meshing gears on the two groups of clamping assemblies mesh with each other, so that when one group of meshing gears rotates, the meshing gears on the other group of clamping assemblies rotate in the opposite direction to the first meshing gear. The clamping roller rotates with the meshing gear, and continuously changes the radius of the side adjacent to the workpiece. Finally, the two groups of clamping rollers will clamp the workpiece with the external shaping, and the clamping force of the points where the two groups of clamping rollers contact the workpiece is the same. Through the wrapping of hot-melt material, when the clamping roller clamps the workpiece, under the protection of the hot-melt material, the clamping force can be greater without damaging the surface of the workpiece. By observing the surface of the hot-melt material, it can be determined whether the clamping force is too large. Under the condition that the outside of the workpiece is wrapped with hot-melt material, it is more convenient to clamp the workpiece, and the workpiece can be quickly positioned and fixed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the positioning and fixing fixture for machining of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the clamping assembly of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the other side of the clamping assembly of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A magnified view of the structure;

[0029] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the shaping component of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembled structure of the shaping component of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the bottom structure of the assembly board of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the mechanical connection component structure of the present invention.

[0033] In the figure: 1 workbench, 2 repair groove, 3 clamping assembly, 31 clamping roller, 32 meshing gear, 33 connecting shaft, 34 support seat, 35 handle, 36 threaded column, 37 fixing rod, 38 friction layer, 39 extrusion plate, 4 shaping assembly, 41 assembly plate, 42 fixing column, 43 push plate, 44 splint, 45 connecting part, 451 assembly rod, 452 gasket, 453 locking nut, 46 limit plate, 47 assembly groove, 5 hydraulic cylinder. Implementation

[0034] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0035] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "multiple" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0036] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or mutual communication; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0037] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may include that the first and second features are in direct contact, or may include that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact through another feature between them. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" and "above" a second feature includes that the first feature is directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" and "below" a second feature includes that the first feature is directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0038] The disclosure below provides many different embodiments or examples to realize different structures of the present invention. In order to simplify the disclosure of the present invention, the parts and settings of specific examples are described below. Of course, they are only examples, and the purpose is not to limit the present invention. In addition, the present invention can repeat reference numbers and / or reference letters in different examples, and this repetition is for the purpose of simplicity and clarity, which itself does not indicate the relationship between the various embodiments and / or settings discussed. In addition, the present invention provides various specific examples of processes and materials, but those of ordinary skill in the art can be aware of the application of other processes and / or the use of other materials.

[0039] like Figure 1-8 As shown, this embodiment provides a positioning and fixing fixture for mechanical processing, including a workbench 1, two groups of clamping components 3 are symmetrically fixedly connected to the upper end surface of the workbench 1, a repair groove 2 is opened on one side of the upper end surface of the workbench 1, a shaping component 4 is arranged inside the repair groove 2, a hot-melt material is filled inside the repair groove 2, a heating plate is installed at the bottom of the repair groove 2, and a hydraulic cylinder 5 is installed on one side of the workbench 1;

[0040] The clamping assembly 3 includes a clamping roller 31, a meshing gear 32, a support seat 34 and a threaded column 36. There are two groups of support seats 34. One end of the clamping roller 31 is fixedly connected to the meshing gear 32. The clamping roller 31 and the meshing gear 32 are rotatably connected between the two groups of support seats 34. The side of the meshing gear 32 away from the clamping roller 31 is fixedly connected to a connecting shaft 33. One end of the connecting shaft 33 is slidably connected to a handle 35. A friction layer 38 is arranged on the outside of the connecting shaft 33. One end of the threaded column 36 is fixedly connected to a fixing rod 37. The other end of the threaded column 36 is rotatably connected to an extrusion plate 39.

[0041] The shaping component 4 includes an assembly plate 41, a push plate 43 and a plurality of groups of clamping plates 44. The lower end surface of the assembly plate 41 is provided with an assembly groove 47, and a connecting component 45 is installed inside the assembly groove 47. The push plate 43 and the tops of the plurality of groups of push plates 43 are slidably connected inside the assembly groove 47. The upper end surface of the push plate 43 is fixedly connected with a fixing column 42. The plurality of groups of clamping plates 44 are divided into two groups of equal number and are arranged on both sides of the push plate 43. A group of limit plates 46 are arranged on both sides of the push plate 43.

[0042] The connecting component 45 includes an assembly rod 451 , a gasket 452 and a locking nut 453 . The gasket 452 is slidably connected to the outside of the assembly rod 451 . There are two sets of locking nuts 453 which are fixedly connected to both ends of the assembly rod 451 .

[0043] Furthermore, the cross section of the clamping roller 31 is a circle with a gradually increasing radius. When the clamping rollers 31 on the two groups of clamping assemblies 3 are adjacent to each other at the maximum radius, the two groups of clamping rollers 31 are tangent to each other.

[0044] Specifically, the area of ​​the workpiece to be clamped is first wrapped and shaped with hot-melt material, so that the area on the outside of the workpiece wrapped with the hot-melt material will form a cube. The hot-melt material will fill the area on the outside of the workpiece that was originally unsuitable or inconvenient to clamp into a shape suitable for clamping. The cube formed on the outside of the workpiece will allow the basic positioning of the workpiece to be completed by simply adjusting the position when clamping the workpiece.

[0045] It should be noted that the hot-melt material can be any one of polyethylene and polypropylene, and the hot-melt material can also be other materials with a melting point greater than 80° C. and a Shore hardness greater than 40.

[0046] Furthermore, the meshing gears 32 on the two groups of clamping assemblies 3 are meshed with each other, and the support seat 34 on the side of the meshing gear 32 away from the clamping roller 31 is rotatably connected to the outside of the threaded column 36 .

[0047] See also Figure 1 When clamping the workpiece after external shaping, the connecting shaft 33 is driven to rotate by the handle 35, and the connecting shaft 33 will drive the meshing gear 32 to rotate. The meshing gears 32 on the two groups of clamping components 3 are meshed with each other, so that when one group of meshing gears 32 rotates, the meshing gears 32 on the other group of clamping components 3 rotate in the opposite direction to the first meshing gear 32, and the clamping roller 31 rotates with the meshing gear 32, constantly changing the radius of the side adjacent to the workpiece, and finally the two groups of clamping rollers 31 will clamp the workpiece with external shaping, and the clamping force of the points where the two groups of clamping rollers 31 contact the workpiece is the same. Through the wrapping of the hot-melt material, when the clamping roller 31 clamps the workpiece, under the protection of the hot-melt material, the clamping force can be greater without damaging the surface of the workpiece, and by observing the surface of the hot-melt material, it can be judged whether the clamping force is too large, and under the condition that the outside of the workpiece is wrapped with hot-melt material, it will be more convenient to clamp the workpiece, and the workpiece can be quickly positioned and fixed.

[0048] It should be noted that the two sides adjacent to the workpiece and the clamping assembly 3 are specifically the two sides adjacent to the push plate 43 and the inner wall of the repair groove 2 where the workpiece is wrapped with hot-melt material on the outside. The hot-melt material in some areas of the workpiece on these two sides is thinner, and can withstand a greater clamping force, while ensuring that the hot-melt material will not break easily. Observing the surface of the hot-melt material is specifically to determine whether there are cracks on the surface of the hot-melt material, so as to determine the approximate range of the clamping force on the workpiece.

[0049] Furthermore, the connecting shaft 33 passes through the support seat 34 and is fixedly connected to the meshing gear 32 , the friction layer 38 is inside the meshing gear 32 , and the extrusion plate 39 is inside the support seat 34 and in non-pressure contact with the outside of the friction layer 38 .

[0050] Specifically, the extrusion plate 39 is pressed against the outside of the friction layer 38 to fix the position of the connecting shaft 33, thereby fixing the position of the clamping roller 31 and maintaining the clamping roller 31 to stably clamp the workpiece.

[0051] It should be noted that the threaded column 36 is provided with threads on the outside, and the position of the threaded column 36 inside the support seat 34 can be changed by rotating it, so that the pressure of the extrusion plate 39 on the friction layer 38 changes, thereby completing the locking or loosening of the connecting shaft 33.

[0052] See also Figure 5 and 6 One end of the fixing column 42 away from the push plate 43 penetrates the assembly plate 41 , and one end of the fixing column 42 penetrating the assembly plate 41 is externally connected with a nut.

[0053] Specifically, the push plate 43 is fixedly connected to the assembly plate 41 through the fixing column 42 and the nut.

[0054] See also Figure 6 The two groups of limit plates 46 are symmetrical about the push plate 43 , and the two groups of limit plates 46 are respectively located between the groups of clamping plates 44 on both sides of the push plate 43 , and the limit plates 46 are slidably connected to the clamping plates 44 .

[0055] Furthermore, the front ends of the assembly plate 41 , the push plate 43 and the clamping plate 44 are on the same horizontal plane, and the output end of the hydraulic cylinder 5 is fixedly connected to the rear end of the push plate 43 via a hydraulic rod.

[0056] Furthermore, the push plate 43, the limiting plate 46 and the gasket 452 have equal thickness, the length of the limiting plate 46 is equal to the width of the repair groove 2, and the height of the limiting plate 46 is lower than the depth of the repair groove 2, and the gasket 452 is aligned with the limiting plate 46 in the vertical direction.

[0057] Specifically, after the assembly plate 41 is removed from the upper end surface of the push plate 43 , the positions of the limit plates 46 on both sides of the push plate 43 can be manually adjusted.

[0058] Furthermore, the assembly rod 451 penetrates the assembly groove 47 and the tops of the plurality of groups of clamping plates 44 inside the assembly groove 47 .

[0059] Specifically, the connecting component 45 can enable the assembling plate 41 , the pushing plate 43 and the plurality of clamping plates 44 to form an integrated structure that is slidably connected to the limiting plate 46 .

[0060] The present embodiment also provides a method for fixing a workpiece with the positioning and fixing fixture for machining, comprising observing the structure of the workpiece, determining the surface of the workpiece that needs to be machined, placing the machined surface of the workpiece upward and adjusting the positions of the two sets of limit plates 46 so that the spacing between the two sets of limit plates 46 is greater than or equal to the length of the workpiece, adding hot-melt material between the two sets of limit plates 46 after the shaping component 4 is assembled inside the repair groove 2, melting the hot-melt material through the heating plate, placing the workpiece between the two sets of limit plates 46, and adjusting the position of the push plate 43 inside the repair groove 2 through the hydraulic cylinder 5 so that the workpiece is clamped between the push plate 43 and the repair groove 2. Between the inner walls of the composite groove 2, after the molten material is dried, the workpiece and the hot-melt material are taken out together. The area outside the workpiece wrapped with the hot-melt material will form a cube. The cube is placed between the two sets of clamping rollers 31, and the connecting shaft 33 is driven to rotate by the handle 35, so that the meshing gear 32 rotates. The two sets of meshing gears 32 are engaged to make the two sets of clamping rollers 31 rotate in opposite directions, so that the cube is clamped by the clamping rollers 31, and then the fixing rod 37 is rotated to make the extrusion plate 39 press the friction layer 38 outside the connecting shaft 33, so that the positions of the two sets of clamping rollers 31 are fixed, thereby completing the fixation of the workpiece.

[0061] It should be noted that the process of adjusting the positions of the two groups of limit plates 46 so that the spacing between the two groups of limit plates 46 is greater than or equal to the length of the workpiece includes: removing the nut to separate the assembly plate 41 from the push plate 43, then removing the connecting component 45 to take out all the clamps 44 and the limit plates 46, aligning the center line of the workpiece with the center line of the push plate 43, placing a group of limit plates 46 on each side of the push plate 43 so that the workpiece is between the two groups of limit plates 46, and then placing the clamp 44 between the limit plate 46 and the push plate 43 and on the side of the limit plate 46 away from the push plate 43, fixing the push plate 43 and the clamp 44 by the connecting component 45, and then placing the push plate 43 and the top of several groups of clamps 44 into the assembly groove 47, and fixing the assembly plate 41 and the push plate 43 with nuts.

[0062] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A positioning fixture for machining, characterized in that: The workbench (1) comprises two groups of clamping components (3) symmetrically fixedly connected to the upper end surface of the workbench (1), a repair groove (2) is provided on one side of the upper end surface of the workbench (1), a shaping component (4) is arranged inside the repair groove (2), a hot-melt material is filled inside the repair groove (2), a heating plate is installed at the bottom of the repair groove (2), and a hydraulic cylinder (5) is installed on one side of the workbench (1); The clamping assembly (3) comprises a clamping roller (31), a meshing gear (32), a support seat (34) and a threaded column (36); the support seat (34) comprises two groups; one end of the clamping roller (31) is fixedly connected to the meshing gear (32); the clamping roller (31) and the meshing gear (32) are rotatably connected between the two groups of support seats (34); a connecting shaft (33) is fixedly connected to the side of the meshing gear (32) facing away from the clamping roller (31); a handle (35) is slidably connected to one end of the connecting shaft (33); a friction layer (38) is provided on the outside of the connecting shaft (33); one end of the threaded column (36) is fixedly connected to a fixing rod (37); and the other end of the threaded column (36) is rotatably connected to an extrusion plate (39); The shaping component (4) comprises an assembly plate (41), a push plate (43) and a plurality of groups of clamping plates (44); an assembly groove (47) is provided on the lower end surface of the assembly plate (41); a connecting component (45) is installed inside the assembly groove (47); the push plate (43) and the tops of the plurality of groups of push plates (43) are slidably connected inside the assembly groove (47); a fixing column (42) is fixedly connected to the upper end surface of the push plate (43); the plurality of groups of clamping plates (44) are divided into two groups of equal number and are arranged on both sides of the push plate (43); and a group of limit plates (46) are provided on both sides of the push plate (43); The connecting component (45) comprises an assembly rod (451), a gasket (452) and a locking nut (453); the gasket (452) is slidably connected to the outside of the assembly rod (451); and there are two sets of locking nuts (453) which are respectively fixedly connected to the two ends of the assembly rod (451).

2. A positioning and fixing fixture for machining according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross section of the clamping roller (31) is a circle with a gradually increasing radius, and when the clamping rollers (31) on the two groups of the clamping assemblies (3) are adjacent to each other at the maximum radius, the two groups of the clamping rollers (31) are tangent to each other.

3. A positioning and fixing fixture for machining according to claim 1, characterized in that: The meshing gears (32) on the two groups of the clamping assemblies (3) mesh with each other, and the support seat (34) on the side of the meshing gear (32) facing away from the clamping roller (31) is externally rotatably connected to a threaded column (36).

4. A positioning and fixing fixture for machining according to claim 3, characterized in that: The connecting shaft (33) passes through the support seat (34) and is fixedly connected to the meshing gear (32); the friction layer (38) is inside the meshing gear (32); and the extrusion plate (39) is inside the support seat (34) and in non-pressure contact with the outside of the friction layer (38).

5. The positioning and fixing fixture for machining according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the fixing column (42) facing away from the push plate (43) passes through the assembly plate (41), and one end of the fixing column (42) passing through the assembly plate (41) is externally connected to a nut.

6. A positioning and fixing fixture for machining according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two groups of limit plates (46) are symmetrical about the push plate (43), and the two groups of limit plates (46) are respectively located between a plurality of groups of clamping plates (44) on both sides of the push plate (43), and the limit plates (46) are slidably connected to the clamping plates (44).

7. A positioning and fixing fixture for machining according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front end surfaces of the assembly plate (41), the push plate (43) and the clamping plate (44) are on the same horizontal plane, and the output end of the hydraulic cylinder (5) is fixedly connected to the rear end surface of the push plate (43) via a hydraulic rod.

8. The positioning and fixing fixture for machining according to claim 1, characterized in that: The push plate (43), the limiting plate (46) and the gasket (452) have equal thickness, the length of the limiting plate (46) is equal to the width of the repair groove (2), the height of the limiting plate (46) is lower than the depth of the repair groove (2), and the gasket (452) is aligned with the limiting plate (46) in the vertical direction.

9. A positioning and fixing fixture for machining according to claim 1, characterized in that: The assembly rod (451) penetrates the assembly groove (47) and the tops of the plurality of groups of clamping plates (44) inside the assembly groove (47).

10. A method for fixing a workpiece using a positioning fixture for machining according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The method comprises observing the structure of the workpiece, determining the surface of the workpiece to be processed, placing the processed surface of the workpiece upward and adjusting the positions of the two sets of limit plates (46) so that the spacing between the two sets of limit plates (46) is greater than or equal to the length of the workpiece, adding hot melt material between the two sets of limit plates (46) after the shaping component (4) is assembled inside the repair groove (2), melting the hot melt material through a heating plate, placing the workpiece between the two sets of limit plates (46), adjusting the position of the push plate (43) inside the repair groove (2) through a hydraulic cylinder (5) so that the workpiece is clamped between the push plate (43) and the inner wall of the repair groove (2), and placing the workpiece between the push plate (43) and the inner wall of the repair groove (2) after the molten material is dried. The workpiece and the hot-melt material are taken out together. The area outside the workpiece that is wrapped with the hot-melt material forms a cube. The cube is placed between the two sets of clamping rollers (31). The handle (35) is used to drive the connecting shaft (33) to rotate, thereby rotating the meshing gear (32). The two sets of meshing gears (32) are meshed to make the two sets of clamping rollers (31) rotate in opposite directions, so that the cube is clamped by the clamping rollers (31). Then, the fixing rod (37) is rotated to make the extrusion plate (39) press the friction layer (38) outside the connecting shaft (33), so that the positions of the two sets of clamping rollers (31) are fixed, thereby completing the fixation of the workpiece.

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