A control device for an aluminum electrolysis crust breaking cylinder

Abstract

This invention provides a control device for a shell-breaking cylinder in aluminum electrolysis, relating to the field of aluminum electrolysis technology. The control device includes a gas supply device, a trough plate, a valve assembly box, an electrical control box, a main cylinder, and a hammer. This invention allows for the calculation of the required shell-breaking pressure based on experience. A microcomputer controller adjusts the initial working pressure of the main cylinder using a pressure regulating valve. Two sets of distance detection probes detect the piston position to determine if shell breaking is successful. When manual intervention, such as anode replacement, causes changes in the feeding interval and increases shell surface hardness, the microcomputer controller actively increases the working pressure of the main cylinder via the pressure regulating valve. If increasing the pressure still fails to break the shell, the microcomputer controller activates two sets of auxiliary cylinders. A push plate and a baffle transfer the pressure from the auxiliary cylinders to the hammer for shell breaking, thus achieving successful shell breaking.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of aluminum electrolysis technology, specifically to a control device for an aluminum electrolysis shell-breaking cylinder. Background Technology

[0002] The aluminum electrolysis cell shell-breaking system consists of a shell-breaking cylinder, hammer rod, hammer head, insulating materials, and compressed air pipelines. Its main function is to effectively open the feed port before each feeding, allowing alumina powder to smoothly enter the molten electrolyte for electrolysis. This is crucial for ensuring stable aluminum electrolysis production. Early shell-breaking cylinders, in order to smoothly open the feed port, typically had their working pressure set to the maximum pipeline pressure, resulting in high air consumption and insufficient energy efficiency. Therefore, published technical documents propose an improved shell-breaking cylinder, which includes a cylinder body, a piston shaft mounted within the cylinder body, a connector connected to the piston shaft, and a shell-breaking hammer head connected to the connector. A pressure sensor is installed on the inner wall of the front cylinder head, connected to the cell control machine via wires. Upper air inlets are located at the top and bottom of the cylinder body. The upper and lower air inlets are connected to the upper air inlet valve and the lower air inlet valve, respectively. The upper and lower air inlet valves are connected to the control valve assembly. The control valve assembly is connected to the main control valve and the air pressure switching valve. The main control valve and the air pressure switching valve are connected to the slot control machine via wires. A magnetic control lock is installed on the top of the cylinder. The working principle is that the shell-breaking cylinder is hydraulically and pneumatically driven with an initial pressure of 0.15 MPa. When striking the shell surface, the working pressure is 0.20 MPa-0.30 MPa. The maximum air pressure of the pipeline network is not used (the maximum pipeline pressure can reach 0.50 MPa). When encountering a hard shell surface that cannot be penetrated, the air pressure can be gradually increased in stages through the air pressure switching valve until the air pressure reaches the maximum value of the pipeline network. When the system stops blowing air, the piston shaft can be self-locked by the magnetic control lock set in the cylinder to prevent the shell-breaking hammer from sliding down.

[0003] In the improved lifting scheme, when encountering a hard shell, the hammer head is pressed against the upper surface of the shell. The working pressure of the shell-breaking cylinder is gradually increased through the air pressure switching valve, changing the shell-breaking action to a shell-pressing action. Relatively speaking, shell pressing has less impact force from the hammer head falling due to its own weight compared to shell breaking, but it requires more air supply. At this time, there are three situations: First, the shell surface is crushed under the maximum pressure, and subsequent work proceeds normally; second, the shell surface is partially sunken under the maximum pressure, but it is not completely broken, and the hammer head has already come into contact with the high-temperature electrolyte solution; third, the shell surface still cannot be broken under the maximum pressure. In the second case, the hammer head life is extremely short, and the hammer head is also prone to sticking, resulting in the feed hole being too large when breaking it open again, affecting the heat preservation effect of the shell surface. In the third case, manual intervention is required. Therefore, this technical solution has significant defects.

[0004] In addition, including the above-mentioned technologies and common technologies on the market, the air cut-off protection structure of the general shell-breaking cylinder is to use a permanent magnet to attract the piston plate to prevent the hammer from falling into the electrolyte liquid after the air and power are cut off. Each shell-breaking action requires a certain amount of pressure for the piston plate to break free from the attraction force of the permanent magnet, which is not energy-saving.

[0005] In conclusion, it is necessary to innovate the aluminum electrolysis shell-breaking cylinder system to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] (a) Technical problems to be solved

[0007] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a control device for aluminum electrolysis shell-breaking cylinders, which solves the problems of energy inefficient structures that use permanent magnets to adsorb piston discs for gas cut-off protection and defects in the control components of existing shell-breaking cylinders.

[0008] (II) Technical Solution

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A control device for an aluminum electrolysis shell-breaking cylinder, comprising a gas supply device, a trough plate, a valve group box, an electrical control box, a main cylinder, and a hammer. The main cylinder is fixedly connected to the upper wall of the trough plate. The main cylinder is a double-headed cylinder. The lower end of the main cylinder extends through the trough plate and extends below it. A shell-breaking rod is fixedly connected to the end of the main cylinder's extending shaft via a connecting sleeve. The hammer is located at the end of the shell-breaking rod away from the connecting sleeve. A set of auxiliary cylinders is fixedly connected to the upper wall of the trough plate on both sides of the main cylinder. The extending shafts of both sets of auxiliary cylinders extend through the trough plate and extend below it. A linkage component for increasing the shell-breaking force of the main cylinder is provided between the ends of the extending shafts of the two sets of auxiliary cylinders and the shell-breaking rod. A locking box is fixedly connected to the end of the main cylinder away from the trough plate via a bracket. The upper end of the main cylinder extends through the lower and upper walls of the locking box and is slidably connected thereto. A locking plate is slidably connected to the inner wall of the locking box via a guide structure. The locking plate has a through hole running vertically through its inner wall. The upper end of the main cylinder extends through the inner wall of the through hole. A locking structure is provided between the locking plate and the through hole to lock the piston position of the main cylinder in the event of a gas shortage. An unlocking drive is provided on the outer wall of the locking box to drive the locking structure. A spring structure is provided between the locking box and the locking plate to drive the locking structure to engage. A distance detection structure is provided between the locking box and the main cylinder to detect the piston position of the main cylinder. The upper and lower walls of the valve assembly box are respectively provided with three sets of air inlet pipes and five sets of air supply pipes. The ends of the three sets of air inlet pipes away from the valve assembly box are all connected to the air supply device. The five sets of air supply pipes are respectively connected to the main cylinder, the auxiliary cylinder, and the unlocking drive. The valve assembly box contains a valve assembly for controlling the shell-breaking action. The electrical control box contains a microcomputer controller. An alarm structure is provided on the outer wall of the electrical control box to provide an alarm when an abnormality occurs. The alarm structure, valve assembly, and distance detection structure are all electrically connected to the electrical control box.

[0010] Preferably, the linkage assembly includes a baffle, a push plate, and a shoulder platform. The baffle is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the shell-breaking rod and is located at one end of the outer wall of the shell-breaking rod, close to the hammer head. The push plate is fixedly connected to the ends of the extension shafts of two sets of auxiliary cylinders through two sets of fixing sleeves. Both sets of fixing sleeves are fixedly connected to the upper wall of the baffle and are respectively close to the left and right ends. The shoulder platform is fixedly connected to the lower wall of the push plate. The frontal projection of the shoulder platform is an inverted cone shape that is larger at the top and smaller at the bottom. The top projection of the two sets of fixing sleeves is located within the projection range of the upper surface of the shoulder platform. The inner wall of the baffle and the shoulder platform is provided with a vertically penetrating clearance hole at the center. The inner diameter of the clearance hole is larger than the outer diameter of the connecting sleeve.

[0011] Preferably, the guide structure includes a guide sleeve and a guide post. The guide sleeve is fixedly connected to the right wall of the locking box, and the guide post is slidably connected to the inner wall of the guide sleeve. One end of the guide post facing the locking box penetrates the right wall of the locking box and extends into the interior of the locking box. The end of the guide post extending into the interior of the locking box is fixedly connected to the left wall of the locking plate. The locking plate is slidably connected to the locking box through the guide sleeve and the guide post.

[0012] Preferably, the locking structure includes a locking block and an annular groove. The locking block is fixedly connected to the left wall inside the through hole of the locking plate. The annular groove is provided on the outer wall of the shaft extending from the upper end of the main cylinder. When the piston of the main cylinder is at the end of the upper stroke, the annular groove is located inside the locking box and is aligned with the horizontal height of the locking block.

[0013] Preferably, the unlocking drive includes an unlocking cylinder, a tubular check valve, and an exhaust valve. The unlocking cylinder is fixedly connected to the right wall of the locking box. The extension shaft of the unlocking cylinder passes through the side wall of the locking box and extends into the interior of the locking box. The end of the extension shaft of the unlocking cylinder is fixedly connected to the right wall of the locking plate. The outer wall of the unlocking cylinder is provided with two sets of air ports, which are respectively connected to the left and right sides of the piston of the unlocking cylinder. The tubular check valve and the exhaust valve are fixedly connected to the air port on the right side of the piston of the unlocking cylinder in a vertically distributed manner. The exhaust valve is a normally closed electrically controlled valve that is closed when energized and opened when de-energized. The end of the tubular check valve away from the exhaust valve is connected to one of the five sets of air pipes. The control direction of the tubular check valve is to allow air to flow into the unlocking cylinder through the air pipe.

[0014] Preferably, the elastic structure includes four sets of springs, and the left wall of the locking plate and the outer side of the guide structure are provided with four sets of mounting holes. The four sets of springs are slidably connected to the inner sidewalls of the four sets of mounting holes, and the ends of the four sets of springs away from the locking plate abut against the inner left wall of the locking box.

[0015] Preferably, the distance detection structure includes two sets of distance detection probes, which are respectively fixedly connected to the upper wall of the main cylinder and the rear wall of the upper extension shaft of the main cylinder, and the two sets of distance detection probes are vertically corresponding.

[0016] Preferably, the valve assembly includes a pressure regulating valve, a first reversing valve, a second reversing valve, and a solenoid valve. The pressure regulating valve, the first reversing valve, the second reversing valve, and the solenoid valve are all fixedly connected to the inner rear wall of the valve assembly box. The pressure regulating valve, the second reversing valve, and the solenoid valve are respectively connected to the ends of the three sets of air inlet pipes away from the air supply device. The end of the first reversing valve away from the pressure regulating valve, the end of the second reversing valve, and the end of the solenoid valve away from the air inlet pipe are respectively connected to the five sets of air supply pipes.

[0017] Preferably, the alarm structure includes an alarm light, a buzzer, and a wireless communication device. The alarm light is fixedly connected to the upper wall of the electrical control box via a support rod, and the buzzer and the wireless communication device are fixedly connected to the front wall of the electrical control box in sequence from left to right.

[0018] (III) Beneficial Effects

[0019] This invention provides a control device for a shell-breaking cylinder in aluminum electrolysis. It has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] 1. Compared with existing technologies, this control device for the aluminum electrolysis shell-breaking cylinder uses a microcomputer controller to acquire temperature and feeding interval information from the aluminum electrolysis cell. Based on experience, it can calculate the required working pressure for shell breaking. The microcomputer controller controls the pressure regulating valve to adjust the initial working pressure of the main cylinder. Two sets of distance detection probes detect the piston position to determine whether shell breaking is successful. When manual intervention such as anode replacement causes changes in the feeding interval and increases the shell surface hardness, the microcomputer controller actively increases the working pressure of the main cylinder through the pressure regulating valve. If increasing the pressure still fails to break the shell surface, the microcomputer controller activates two sets of auxiliary cylinders. The pressure from the auxiliary cylinders is transmitted to the hammer head through a push plate and baffle to break the shell, thus achieving successful shell breaking and avoiding hammer head jamming, adhesion, and wear. The two sets of auxiliary cylinders greatly improve the shell breaking success rate and solve the problem of needing manual intervention if shell breaking fails on the first attempt, as in previous technologies.

[0021] 2. Compared with existing technologies, the control device for the aluminum electrolysis shell-breaking cylinder uses a double-headed cylinder as the main cylinder. During daily operation, a certain pressure is introduced into the unlocking cylinder, and the locking plate is popped open at the connection between the locking plate and the ring groove through the extension shaft. When a power or air supply failure occurs, the exhaust valve is de-energized and exhausts air, expelling the compressed air between the piston disc and the tubular check valve in the unlocking cylinder. The synchronous spring quickly resets, causing the locking plate to move to the right, so that the locking block engages with the ring groove, forming a physical locking structure. During daily operation, the pressure in the unlocking cylinder is maintained by the tubular check valve, which does not require continuous air supply, making it very energy-efficient. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 For the present invention Figure 1 A magnified view of a section at point A in the middle;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a side view of the connection structure between the upper end of the main cylinder protruding shaft and the locking box of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the valve assembly box of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the electrical control box structure of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the locking cylinder structure of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 7 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the internal structure of the locking box of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 8 This is a partial sectional view of the top surface of the locking plate of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional view of the push plate and shoulder connection structure of the present invention.

[0031] The components are as follows: 1. Groove plate; 2. Valve assembly box; 3. Electrical control box; 4. Main cylinder; 5. Auxiliary cylinder; 6. Connecting sleeve; 7. Shell-breaking rod; 8. Baffle; 9. Fixing sleeve; 10. Push plate; 11. Clearance hole; 12. Support rod; 13. Alarm light; 14. Bracket; 15. Locking box; 16. Unlocking cylinder; 17. Pressure regulating valve; 18. First reversing valve; 19. Second reversing valve; 20. Solenoid valve; 21. Buzzer; 22. Wireless communication device; 23. Pipe-type check valve; 24. Exhaust valve; 25. Locking plate; 26. Annular groove; 27. Spring; 28. Guide sleeve; 29. ​​Guide post; 30. Mounting hole; 31. Locking block; 32. Shoulder platform; 33. Distance detection probe. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] Example:

[0034] like Figures 1 to 9As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a control device for a shell-breaking cylinder in aluminum electrolysis, including a gas supply device, a tank plate 1, a valve group box 2, an electrical control box 3, a main cylinder 4, and a hammer. The main cylinder 4 is fixedly connected to the upper wall of the tank plate 1. The main cylinder 4 is a double-headed cylinder. The lower end of the main cylinder 4 extends through the tank plate 1 and extends below the tank plate 1. The end of the extension shaft of the main cylinder 4 is fixedly connected to a shell-breaking rod 7 through a connecting sleeve 6. The hammer is located at the end of the shell-breaking rod 7 away from the connecting sleeve 6. The electrical control box 3 is equipped with a microcomputer controller. The electrolysis cell is also equipped with a temperature sensor for detecting temperature and a time controller for recording the time of two feedings. It is consistent with the features of the prior art. When there is no human intervention, the temperature is constant, and the feeding amount is accurately controlled, the thickness of the shell surface formed is consistent. The pressure required to break the shell surface can be obtained through simple testing. The initial pressure is input into the microcomputer controller in the electrical control box 3. The microcomputer controller, in combination with the time controller, works with the feeding equipment to break the shell and feed the material.

[0035] A set of auxiliary cylinders 5 are fixedly connected to the upper wall of the slot plate 1 on both sides of the main cylinder 4. The extension shafts of the two sets of auxiliary cylinders 5 pass through the slot plate 1 and extend to the lower side of the slot plate 1. The upper and lower walls of the valve assembly box 2 are respectively provided with three sets of air inlet pipes and five sets of air supply pipes. The ends of the three sets of air inlet pipes away from the valve assembly box 2 are all connected to the air supply device. The five sets of air supply pipes are respectively connected to the main cylinder 4, the auxiliary cylinders 5 and the unlocking drive. The valve assembly box 2 is provided with a valve assembly for controlling the shell-breaking action. The valve assembly includes a pressure regulating valve 17, a first reversing valve 18, a second reversing valve 19 and a solenoid valve 20. The pressure regulating valve 17, the first reversing valve 18, the second reversing valve 19 and the solenoid valve 20 are all fixedly connected to the inner rear wall of the valve assembly box 2. The pressure regulating valve 17, the second reversing valve 19 and the solenoid valve 20 are respectively connected to the ends of the three sets of air inlet pipes away from the air supply device. The first reversing valve 18 and the solenoid valve 20 are respectively connected to the rear wall of the valve assembly box 2. The end of the pressure regulating valve 17 away from the air intake pipe is connected to the first reversing valve 18 away from the pressure regulating valve 17, the second reversing valve 19 and the end of the solenoid valve 20 away from the air intake pipe are respectively connected to five sets of air pipes. The pressure regulating valve 17 adjusts the working pressure of the main cylinder 4 according to the control signal of the microcomputer controller. The first reversing valve 18 is used to control the descent and ascent of the piston of the main cylinder 4. The piston movement of the main cylinder 4 drives the shell-breaking rod 7 and the hammer head to move through the connecting sleeve 6, forming the shell-breaking and return movement. When the pressure of the main cylinder 4 is insufficient to break the shell surface, the pistons in the two sets of auxiliary cylinders 5 are controlled to descend and rise through the second reversing valve 19. The piston movement of the auxiliary cylinders 5 transmits the pressure to the baffle 8 and the shell-breaking rod 7 through the fixed sleeve 9, the push plate 10 and the shoulder 32. The working pressure of the main cylinder 4 and the two sets of auxiliary cylinders 5 are superimposed to quickly break the shell and avoid the hammer head from getting stuck.

[0036] A linkage assembly for increasing the shell-piercing force of the main cylinder 4 is provided between the extension shaft ends of the two sets of auxiliary cylinders 5 and the shell-piercing rod 7. The linkage assembly includes a baffle 8, a push plate 10, and a shoulder platform 32. The baffle 8 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the shell-piercing rod 7 and is located on the outer wall of the shell-piercing rod 7 near the hammer head. The push plate 10 is fixedly connected to the extension shaft ends of the two sets of auxiliary cylinders 5 through two sets of fixing sleeves 9. Both sets of fixing sleeves 9 are fixedly connected to the upper wall of the baffle 8 and are respectively close to the left and right ends. The shoulder platform 32 is fixedly connected to the push plate 10. The lower wall, the shoulder platform 32, is an inverted cone shape with a larger top and a smaller bottom when viewed from the front. The two sets of fixed sleeves 9 are located within the projection range of the upper surface of the shoulder platform 32 when viewed from above. The baffle 8 and the inner wall of the shoulder platform 32 are provided with a vertically penetrating clearance hole 11. The inner diameter of the clearance hole 11 is larger than the outer diameter of the connecting sleeve 6. When the auxiliary cylinder 5 is activated, the working pressure is transmitted to the baffle 8 through the push plate 10 and the shoulder platform 32. The inverted cone shape of the shoulder platform 32 allows the working pressure of the auxiliary cylinder 5 to be transmitted to the baffle 8 well, avoiding pressure loss.

[0037] The end of the main cylinder 4 furthest from the slot plate 1 is fixedly connected to the locking box 15 via a bracket 14. The upper end of the main cylinder 4 extends through the lower and upper walls of the locking box 15 and is slidably connected thereto. A locking plate 25 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the locking box 15 via a guide structure. The guide structure includes a guide sleeve 28 and a guide post 29. The guide sleeve 28 is fixedly connected to the right wall of the locking box 15, and the guide post 29 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the guide sleeve 28. The end of the guide post 29 facing the locking box 15 penetrates the right wall of the locking box 15 and extends into the locking box 15. The guide post 29 extends into the locking box 15 and is fixedly connected to the left wall of the locking plate 25. The locking plate 25 is slidably connected to the locking box 15 through the guide sleeve 28 and the guide post 29. Through the slidable connection between the guide post 29 and the guide sleeve 28, the locking plate 25 can move left and right inside the locking box 15. The guide post 29 and the guide sleeve 28 can be anti-rotated by setting a special structure such as a flat square or a keyway to prevent the end face of the locking plate 25 from flipping horizontally. This structure is a common technology on the market and will not be described in detail here.

[0038] The inner wall of the locking plate 25 is provided with a through hole that runs vertically through the main cylinder 4. The upper end of the main cylinder 4 extends through the inner wall of the through hole. A locking structure is provided between the locking plate 25 and the through hole for locking the piston position of the main cylinder 4 in the case of power failure. The locking structure includes a locking block 31 and an annular groove 26. The locking block 31 is fixedly connected to the inner left wall of the through hole on the locking plate 25. The annular groove 26 is provided on the outer wall of the upper end of the main cylinder 4. When the piston of the main cylinder 4 is at the end of the upper stroke, the annular groove 26 is located inside the locking box 15 and is horizontally aligned with the locking block 31. The thickness of the locking block 31 is less than the width of the annular groove 26. When the piston of the main cylinder 4 is at the end of the upper stroke, the locking plate 25 moves to the right and drives the locking block 31 into the annular groove 26. By locking the locking block 31 into the annular groove 26, the piston of the main cylinder 4 can no longer move, which can prevent the hammer from falling into the electrolyte liquid by its own weight after power failure and power failure.

[0039] The outer wall of the locking box 15 is provided with an unlocking drive for driving the locking structure. A spring structure for driving the locking structure to engage is provided between the locking box 15 and the locking plate 25. The unlocking drive includes an unlocking cylinder 16, a tubular one-way valve 23, and an exhaust valve 24. The unlocking cylinder 16 is fixedly connected to the right wall of the locking box 15. The extension shaft of the unlocking cylinder 16 passes through the side wall of the locking box 15 and extends into the interior of the locking box 15. The end of the extension shaft of the unlocking cylinder 16 is fixedly connected to the right wall of the locking plate 25. The outer wall of the unlocking cylinder 16 is provided with two sets of air ports, which respectively communicate with the left and right sides of the piston of the unlocking cylinder 16. The tubular one-way valve 23 and the exhaust valve 24... 4. The components are sequentially and fixedly connected to the air port on the right side of the piston of the unlocking cylinder 16, arranged vertically. The exhaust valve 24 is a normally closed electrically controlled valve that closes when energized and opens when de-energized. The end of the tubular check valve 23 away from the exhaust valve 24 is connected to one of the five sets of air pipes. The tubular check valve 23 controls the direction to allow air to flow into the unlocking cylinder 16 through the air pipes. The elastic structure includes four sets of springs 27. The left wall of the locking plate 25, located outside the guide structure, has four sets of mounting holes 30. The four sets of springs 27 are slidably connected to the inner walls of the four sets of mounting holes 30. The ends of the four sets of springs 27 away from the locking plate 25 abut against the inner left wall of the locking box 15. The set of air ports of the unlocking cylinder 16 facing the locking box 15 are sealed by plugs. In daily use, the microcomputer controller controls the solenoid valve 20 to open, and the air supply device supplies compressed air through the inner cavity of the pipe-type check valve 23 and the exhaust valve 24 into the space between the piston and the right air port of the unlocking cylinder 16. The pressure of the compressed air pushes the piston of the unlocking cylinder 16 to move to the left. The extension shaft of the unlocking cylinder 16 drives the locking plate 25 to move to the left along the guide structure and squeezes the spring 27. The locking block 31 is disengaged from the annular groove 26. At this time, the extension shaft at the upper end of the main cylinder 4 can move freely up and down without being restricted by the locking block 31. No additional working pressure is required during the shell-breaking action. After the locking structure is opened, the solenoid valve 20 closes. The compressed air in the unlocking cylinder 16 is controlled by the tubular check valve 23 and the normally closed exhaust valve 24, and is kept in the unlocking cylinder 16, so that the locking structure remains in the open state. When a power failure or air failure occurs, the exhaust valve 24 is de-energized and opens. The compressed air in the unlocking cylinder 16 is discharged from the outlet of the exhaust valve 24. Simultaneously, the spring 27 loses the constraint of the compressed air and quickly pushes the locking plate 25 to the right, causing the locking block 31 to extend into the annular groove 26 and lock the upper end of the main cylinder 4 to prevent the hammer from falling. When the power and air supply are restored, the unlocking action can be repeated to open the locking structure.

[0040] A distance detection structure for detecting the position of the piston of the main cylinder 4 is provided between the locking box 15 and the main cylinder 4. The distance detection structure includes two sets of distance detection probes 33. The two sets of distance detection probes 33 are fixedly connected to the upper wall of the main cylinder 4 and the rear wall of the upper extension shaft of the main cylinder 4, respectively. The two sets of distance detection probes 33 are vertically aligned. The position of the piston of the main cylinder 4, i.e. the position of the hammer head, can be detected in real time through the two sets of distance detection probes 33. The microcomputer controller can determine whether the shell breaking is successful through this distance information, and thus select whether to activate the auxiliary cylinder 5.

[0041] The outer wall of the electrical control box 3 is equipped with an alarm structure that provides an alarm indication when an abnormality occurs. The alarm structure, valve assembly, and distance detection structure are all electrically connected to the electrical control box 3. The alarm structure includes an alarm light 13, a buzzer 21, and a wireless communication device 22. The alarm light 13 is fixedly connected to the upper wall of the electrical control box 3 via a support rod 12. The buzzer 21 and the wireless communication device 22 are fixedly connected to the front wall of the electrical control box 3 in sequence from left to right. When the microcomputer controller determines that the main cylinder 4 has failed to break the shell based on the distance information fed back by the distance detection structure, it immediately controls the auxiliary cylinder 5 to participate through the second reversing valve 19. When the auxiliary cylinder 5 participates in the shell breaking process, if the distance detection structure still indicates that the shell breaking is unsuccessful within a certain period of time, the microcomputer controller immediately controls the extension shafts of the main cylinder 4 and the auxiliary cylinder 5 to retract to prevent the hammer head from sticking. Simultaneously, the alarm light 13 and the buzzer 21 are activated to sound an alarm. Since the electrolytic aluminum workshop is large and noisy, on-site operators may not be able to observe the alarm light 13 or hear the alarm prompt of the buzzer 21 in time. At this time, the alarm text message can be sent to the mobile phone, work computer, etc. of the staff through the wireless communication device 22 with the alarm text message preset, so as to improve the warning effect.

[0042] Working Principle: When there is no human intervention, the temperature is constant, and the feeding amount is precisely controlled, the shell thickness is consistent. A simple test can determine the pressure required to break the shell. The initial pressure is input into the microcomputer controller in the electrical control box 3. The microcomputer controller, in conjunction with the time controller and the feeding equipment, performs shell breaking and feeding. The pressure regulating valve 17 adjusts the working pressure of the main cylinder 4 according to the control signal from the microcomputer controller. The first reversing valve 18 controls the descent and ascent of the piston in the main cylinder 4. The piston movement of the main cylinder 4 drives the shell-breaking rod 7 and the hammer head through the connecting sleeve 6, forming the shell-breaking and return action. Two sets of distance detection probes 33 can detect the position of the piston in the main cylinder 4, i.e., the position of the hammer head, in real time. The microcomputer controller can determine whether shell breaking is successful based on this distance information, and thus choose whether to activate the auxiliary cylinder 5. When the pressure of the main cylinder 4 is insufficient to break the shell, the second reversing valve 19 controls the descent and ascent of the pistons in the two sets of auxiliary cylinders 5. The piston movement of the auxiliary cylinders 5 transmits pressure through the fixed sleeve 9, the push plate 10, and the shoulder 32. The shell is quickly broken by the combined working pressure of the main cylinder 4 and the two sets of auxiliary cylinders 5 on the baffle 8 and the shell-breaking rod 7, which can prevent the hammer head from getting stuck. When the auxiliary cylinder 5 is activated, the working pressure is transmitted to the baffle 8 through the push plate 10 and the shoulder platform 32. The inverted cone shape of the shoulder platform 32 ensures that the working pressure of the auxiliary cylinder 5 can be effectively transmitted to the baffle 8, avoiding pressure loss. When the microcomputer controller determines that the main cylinder 4 has failed to break the shell by using the distance information fed back by the distance detection structure, it immediately controls the auxiliary cylinder 5 to participate in the shell breaking through the second reversing valve 19. If the detection structure still indicates that the shell breaking was unsuccessful within a certain period of time after the shell breaking process, the microcomputer controller immediately controls the main cylinder 4 and auxiliary cylinder 5 to retract their extension shafts to prevent the hammer head from sticking. Simultaneously, the alarm light 13 and buzzer 21 are activated to sound an alarm. Since the electrolytic aluminum workshop is large and noisy, on-site operators may not be able to see the alarm light 13 or hear the alarm prompt of the buzzer 21 in time. At this time, the wireless communication device 22 with a preset alarm message can send alarm text messages to the staff's mobile phones, work computers, etc. to improve the warning effect.

[0043] In daily use, the microcomputer controller opens the solenoid valve 20, and the compressed air supplied by the air supply device enters the unlocking cylinder 16 between the piston and the right air port through the inner cavity of the tubular check valve 23 and the exhaust valve 24. The pressure of the compressed air pushes the piston of the unlocking cylinder 16 to move to the left. The extension shaft of the unlocking cylinder 16 drives the locking plate 25 to move to the left along the guide structure and squeezes the spring 27. The locking block 31 exits from the annular groove 26. At this time, the extension shaft at the upper end of the main cylinder 4 can move freely up and down without being restricted by the locking block 31. No additional working pressure is required during the shell-breaking action. After the locking structure is opened, the solenoid valve 20 closes. The compressed air in the unlocking cylinder 16 is controlled by the tubular check valve 23 and the normally closed exhaust valve 24, and is kept in the unlocking cylinder 16, so that the locking structure remains in the open state. When a power failure or air failure occurs, the exhaust valve 24 closes. When the power is turned on, compressed air in the unlocking cylinder 16 is discharged from the outlet of the exhaust valve 24. Simultaneously, the spring 27 loses the constraint of the compressed air and quickly pushes the locking plate 25 to the right, causing the locking block 31 to extend into the annular groove 26 and lock the upper end of the main cylinder 4 to prevent the hammer from falling. When the power and air supply are restored, the unlocking action can be repeated to open the locking structure. Through the sliding connection between the guide post 29 and the guide sleeve 28, the locking plate 25 can move left and right inside the locking box 15. The guide post 29 and the guide sleeve 28 can be anti-rotation by setting special structures such as flat squares or keyways. When the piston of the main cylinder 4 is at the end of the upper stroke, the locking plate 25 moves to the right and causes the locking block 31 to enter the annular groove 26. The locking block 31 locks into the annular groove 26, making it impossible for the piston of the main cylinder 4 to move further, which can prevent the hammer from falling into the electrolyte liquid by its own weight after the power and air supply are cut off.

[0044] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A control device for aluminum electrolytic crust breaking air cylinder, comprising air supply device, tank plate (1), valve group box (2), electric control box (3), main air cylinder (4) and hammer head, the main air cylinder (4) is fixedly connected on the wall of the tank plate (1), the main air cylinder (4) is a double-head air cylinder, characterized in that: The lower end of the main cylinder (4) extends through the slot plate (1) and extends below the slot plate (1), the end of the main cylinder (4) is fixedly connected with the shell breaking rod (7) through the connecting sleeve (6), the hammer head is arranged at the end of the shell breaking rod (7) away from the connecting sleeve (6), a group of auxiliary cylinders (5) are fixedly connected to the upper wall of the slot plate (1) and located on the left and right sides of the main cylinder (4), the extending shafts of the two groups of auxiliary cylinders (5) extend through the slot plate (1) and extend to the lower side of the slot plate (1), and the linkage assembly for increasing the shell breaking force of the main cylinder (4) is arranged between the end of the extending shaft of the two groups of auxiliary cylinders (5) and the shell breaking rod (7). The end of the main cylinder (4) away from the slot plate (1) is fixedly connected with the locking box (15) through the support (14), the upper end of the main cylinder (4) extends through the lower wall and the upper wall of the locking box (15) and is slidably connected therewith, the inner wall of the locking box (15) is slidably connected with the locking plate (25) through a guide structure, the inner wall of the locking plate (25) is provided with a through hole penetrating from top to bottom, the upper end of the main cylinder (4) extends through the inner wall of the through hole, the locking structure for locking the piston position of the main cylinder (4) in the cut-off state is arranged between the locking plate (25) and the through hole, the outer wall of the locking box (15) is provided with an unlocking drive for driving the locking structure, the elastic structure for driving the locking structure to be locked is arranged between the locking box (15) and the locking plate (25), the distance detection structure for detecting the piston position of the main cylinder (4) is arranged between the locking box (15) and the main cylinder (4), the upper wall and the lower wall of the valve group box (2) are respectively provided with three groups of air inlet pipes and five groups of gas pipes, the ends of the three groups of air inlet pipes away from the valve group box (2) are connected with the gas supply device, the five groups of gas pipes are respectively connected with the main cylinder (4), the auxiliary cylinder (5) and the unlocking drive, the valve group box (2) is provided with the valve assembly for controlling the shell breaking action, the microcomputer controller is arranged in the electric control box (3), the alarm structure for alarming when an abnormality occurs is arranged on the outer wall of the electric control box (3), and the alarm structure, the valve assembly and the distance detection structure are electrically connected with the electric control box (3); The linkage assembly comprises a baffle (8), a push plate (10) and a shoulder (32), the baffle (8) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the shell breaking rod (7), the baffle (8) is located at the end of the outer wall of the shell breaking rod (7) and close to the hammer head, the push plate (10) is fixedly connected with the end of the extending shaft of the two groups of auxiliary cylinders (5) through the two groups of fixing sleeves (9), the two groups of fixing sleeves (9) are fixedly connected to the upper wall of the baffle (8) and respectively close to the left and right ends, the shoulder (32) is fixedly connected to the lower wall of the push plate (10), the shoulder (32) is projected in an upside-down taper shape with the upper part being larger and the lower part being smaller, the two groups of fixing sleeves (9) are projected below the upper surface projection range of the shoulder (32), the baffle (8) and the shoulder (32) are provided with a clearance hole (11) penetrating from top to bottom at the central position of the inner wall, and the inner diameter of the clearance hole (11) is larger than the outer diameter of the connecting sleeve (6). The locking structure includes a clamping block (31) and a ring groove (26), the clamping block (31) is fixedly connected to the left wall inside the through hole of the locking plate (25), and the ring groove (26) is arranged on the outer wall of the main cylinder (4) extending out of the shaft at the upper end, when the piston of the main cylinder (4) is located at the upper stroke end, the ring groove (26) is located inside the locking box (15) and is horizontally aligned with the clamping block (31); The unlocking drive includes an unlocking cylinder (16), a tubular check valve (23) and an exhaust valve (24), the unlocking cylinder (16) is fixedly connected to the right wall of the locking box (15), the unlocking cylinder (16) extends through the side wall of the locking box (15) and extends into the locking box (15), the end of the unlocking cylinder (16) extending out of the shaft is fixedly connected to the right wall of the locking plate (25), two groups of air ports are arranged on the outer wall of the unlocking cylinder (16), the two groups of air ports are respectively communicated with the left and right sides of the unlocking cylinder (16) piston, the tubular check valve (23) and the exhaust valve (24) are fixedly connected in sequence on the air port on the right side of the piston of the unlocking cylinder (16) in the up-down distribution, the exhaust valve (24) is a normally closed electric control valve which is closed when powered and opened when powered off, the end of the tubular check valve (23) away from the exhaust valve (24) is communicated with one of the five groups of gas pipes, and the control direction of the tubular check valve (23) is to allow the gas pipe to ventilate into the unlocking cylinder (16); The elastic structure includes four groups of springs (27), the left wall of the locking plate (25) and outside the guiding structure is provided with four groups of mounting holes (30), the four groups of springs (27) are respectively slidably connected to the inner wall of the four groups of mounting holes (30), and the ends of the four groups of springs (27) away from the locking plate (25) are all abutted against the left inner wall of the locking box (15); The distance detection structure includes two groups of distance detection probes (33), the two groups of distance detection probes (33) are respectively fixedly connected to the upper wall of the main cylinder (4) and the rear wall of the main cylinder (4) extending out of the shaft at the upper end, and the two groups of distance detection probes (33) correspond to each other in the up-down direction; The valve assembly includes a pressure regulating valve (17), a first reversing valve (18), a second reversing valve (19) and an electromagnetic valve (20), the pressure regulating valve (17), the first reversing valve (18), the second reversing valve (19) and the electromagnetic valve (20) are all fixedly connected to the inner rear wall of the valve group box (2), the pressure regulating valve (17), the second reversing valve (19) and the electromagnetic valve (20) are respectively communicated with the ends of the three groups of air inlet pipes away from the gas supply device, the first reversing valve (18) is connected to the end of the pressure regulating valve (17) away from the air inlet pipe, and the end of the first reversing valve (18) away from the pressure regulating valve (17), the second reversing valve (19) and the electromagnetic valve (20) away from the air inlet pipe are respectively connected to the five groups of gas pipes. Said alarm structure includes alarm lamp (13), buzzer (21), wireless communication device (22), the alarm lamp (13) is fixedly connected on the upper wall of electric control box (3) through support rod (12), the buzzer (21), wireless communication device (22) are fixedly connected in order from left to right in succession on the front wall of electric control box (3).

2. A control device for a crust breaking gas cylinder for aluminum electrolysis according to claim 1, characterized in that: Said guiding structure includes guiding sleeve (28), guide column (29), the guiding sleeve (28) is fixedly connected on the right wall of locking box (15), the guide column (29) is slidingly connected on the inner side wall of guiding sleeve (28), one end of the guide column (29) towards locking box (15) penetrates the right wall of locking box (15) and extends into the inside of locking box (15), the end of the guide column (29) extending into the inside of locking box (15) is fixedly connected with the left wall of locking plate (25), the locking plate (25) is slidingly connected with locking box (15) through guiding sleeve (28), guide column (29).

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