An ecological waterway bank protection and wave absorbing device and its assembly method

Abstract

The present invention discloses an ecological waterway revetment and wave-breaking device and its assembly method, belonging to the technical field of inland river slope protection engineering. The device comprises a support mechanism and a grating mechanism, the support mechanism comprising upright posts, a center beam, a top beam, and a bottom plate. One end of the upright post is embedded in a cup-shaped foundation on the bottom plate, and the other end is provided with a first mortise and tenon groove. The two ends of the center beam are placed on the corbels of the upright posts, forming a water-permeable hole with the bottom plate. The first tenons at the two ends of the top beam extend into the first mortise and tenon grooves, connecting to the upright posts. Adjacent bottom plates are connected to each other via second tenons and second mortise and tenon grooves. The grating mechanism comprises grating bars arranged parallel to each other between the center beam and the top beam. One end of the grating bar extends into a groove provided in the center beam, and the other end is connected to the top beam via a detachable assembly. The device can achieve water circulation between the riverside and the landside while reducing the energy of ship waves.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to an ecological waterway bank protection and wave absorbing device and an assembly method thereof, belonging to the technical field of inland river bank protection engineering. Background Art

[0002] With the deepening of inland waterway navigation, most rivers in my country have become navigable. For example, the construction of the deep-water channel at the mouth of the Yangtze River has made ship transportation more large-scale, standardized and professional. The waves stirred up by ships during navigation have caused more and more erosion and scouring of the slopes on both sides of the river, resulting in a large amount of slope damage, soil erosion, and serious impact on the water ecology of the river.

[0003] Traditional channel slope protection usually adopts mortar-laid blocks, reinforced concrete or adds special blocks (I-shaped blocks, twist blocks) and other hard structures on the surface of the bank. Although the degree of bank damage has been alleviated, this is not in line with the concept of ecological protection. It separates the river channel from the land side, and the river side and the road side of the wave-breaking structure cannot exchange water, which destroys the living space of organisms.

[0004] Some scholars have proposed a cast-in-place concrete vertical wave-breaking wall structure, with its top elevation at or below the designed high water level. This reduces the impact of ship waves and allows for the planting of aquatic plants on the landward side of the structure to enhance the ecological benefits of the slope protection. However, most existing wave-breaking wall structures have significant drawbacks. For example, the vertical wave-breaking wall directly bears the impact of ship waves, resulting in significant stress. Resisting the impact of ship waves relies entirely on the strength of the connection between the columns and the base plate, as well as the strength of the columns. To achieve the goal of resisting ship waves and protecting the ecological revetment behind, a large reinforced concrete structure is required, which requires high material consumption and high investment, making it uneconomical. The wave-breaking structure is relatively simple and does not fully utilize the principles of hydraulic wave-breaking, relying solely on the columns to reflect ship waves and dissipate energy. The structure is located underwater, requiring dry land conditions for pouring and construction, and the construction period is significantly affected by water flow and meteorological conditions. Therefore, the field of ecological waterway revetment and wave-breaking structure engineering urgently needs a new type of prefabricated, assembled, easy-to-construct, material-reduced, reasonably priced, wave-breaking structure with prefabricated components that can be connected into a whole. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an ecological waterway bank protection and wave absorbing device and an assembly method thereof, which can realize water circulation between the river side and the land side while reducing the energy of ship waves.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] In the first aspect, the present invention provides an ecological waterway bank protection and wave breaking device, including a supporting mechanism and a grille mechanism, wherein the supporting mechanism includes a column, a middle beam, a top beam and a bottom plate, one end of the column is buried in the cup-shaped foundation on the bottom plate, and a first mortise and tenon is reserved at the other end, the two ends of the middle beam are placed on the corbels of the column, and form a water-permeable hole with the bottom plate, the first tenons at both ends of the top beam extend into the first mortise and tenon and are connected to the column, and adjacent bottom plates are connected to each other by second tenons and second mortise and tenon; the grille mechanism includes grille bars arranged in parallel between the middle beam and the top beam, and the grille bars are arranged in at least one row, one end of the grille bar extends into the groove reserved on the middle beam, and the other end is connected to the top beam through a disassembly component.

[0008] In combination with the first aspect, further, the disassembly assembly includes a positioning plate, a grooved pressure block and bolts matching the positioning plate, bolt sleeves matching the bolts are evenly spaced at the bottom of the top beam, the positioning plate is provided with positioning holes matching the grille bars, the grille bars extend into the positioning holes, and the bolts pass through the grooved pressure block and the positioning plate in turn and are tightened with the bolt sleeves.

[0009] In combination with the first aspect, further, the grille bars are arranged in two rows staggered front and back.

[0010] In combination with the first aspect, further, the row spacing of the grid bars is 1 to 2 times the thickness or diameter of the grid bars, and the spacing between the grid bars in each row of grid bars is 0.1 to 0.4 times the thickness or diameter of the grid bars.

[0011] In combination with the first aspect, further, the cross-sectional shape of the grille bar is any one of circular, square, rectangular or semicircular, and the cross-sectional size of the grille bar is 100 to 200 mm.

[0012] In combination with the first aspect, further, the size of the groove is 3 to 6 mm larger than the cross-sectional size of the grille bar.

[0013] In combination with the first aspect, further, the elevation of the top surface of the center beam is lower than or equal to the designed low water level of the waterway.

[0014] In combination with the first aspect, further, the ends of the center beam are provided with reserved steel bars.

[0015] In a second aspect, the present invention provides an assembly method of the ecological waterway bank protection and wave absorbing device as described in any one of the first aspects, comprising:

[0016] Level the revetment where the ecological waterway revetment and wave-breaking device is located, and perform corresponding foundation treatment;

[0017] Align the second tenons and second mortise grooves of adjacent bottom plates one by one and tightly splice them together;

[0018] The columns are embedded in the cup-shaped foundation on the bottom plate, the axis position of the columns is corrected by the theodolite, fixed with ropes, and concrete is poured in the gap between the columns and the cup-shaped foundation;

[0019] Lap the ends of the center beam on the corbels and pour concrete at the connection between the center beam and the column;

[0020] Insert one end of the grille bar into the groove in sequence, adjust the position of the grille bar so that it is vertical, and insert the other end of the grille bar through the positioning hole on the positioning plate for positioning;

[0021] Insert the first tenons at both ends of the top beam into the first tenon grooves, place the positioning plate at the bottom of the top beam, place the grooved pressing block at the bottom of the positioning plate, and tighten the bolts through the grooved pressing block and the positioning plate and the bolt sleeve in sequence;

[0022] High-strength self-compacting grouting material is poured at the joints of each component to ensure reliable assembly connections.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] On the one hand, the present invention achieves the reduction of ship wave energy through grille bars. The grille bars are high in strength, and the use of circular or semicircular grille bars can also increase the water-blocking area, increase the reflection and energy consumption of ship waves; the use of double rows of grille bars staggered front and back allows ship waves to pass through the gaps in the front grille bars and enter the space between the rear grille bars and the front grille bars for energy dissipation. The wave-facing surface of the grille bars also reflects the ship waves to a certain extent, reducing the energy of the ship waves entering the rear. The ship waves repeatedly dissipate energy through the gaps between the grille bars. After the water flow bypasses the grille bars, it will reflect and form a wake, which promotes convection and diffusion, and is accompanied by water-gas exchange, which promotes the dissipation of water disturbance energy and reduces the mechanical energy of the ship waves, thereby reducing or offsetting the impact damage to the aquatic plants in the rear.

[0025] On the other hand, the water in the river channel and on the land side of the structure can circulate through the permeable holes, promoting the circulation of nutrients required by fish, plankton and aquatic plants during the water circulation process, and promoting biodiversity and the growth of aquatic plants. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an ecological waterway bank protection and wave absorption device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the grid bars in the ecological waterway bank protection and wave absorption device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the columns and bottom plate of the ecological waterway bank protection and wave absorption device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a front view of an ecological waterway bank protection and wave absorption device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of a positioning plate in an ecological waterway bank protection and wave absorption device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of disassembling components in the ecological waterway bank protection and wave absorption device provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] In the figure: 1-column, 2-middle beam, 3-top beam, 4-bottom plate, 5-grating bar, 6-cup-shaped foundation, 7-corbel, 8-first tenon, 9-second tenon, 10-first tenon groove, 11-second tenon groove, 12-groove, 13-positioning plate, 14-groove-shaped pressure block, 15-bolt, 16-bolt sleeve, 17-positioning hole, 18-reserved steel bar, 19-water-permeable hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The technical solution of this patent is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific implementation methods.

[0034] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, where the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements with the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. In the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the technical features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0035] Example 1:

[0036] This embodiment provides an ecological waterway bank protection and wave absorbing device, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes a support mechanism and a grid mechanism. The support mechanism includes a column 1, a middle beam 2, a top beam 3 and a bottom plate 4. Figure 3 As shown, one end of the column 1 is embedded in the cup-shaped foundation 6 on the bottom plate 4, and the other end is reserved with a first mortise and tenon groove 10; Figure 4 As shown, both ends of the middle beam 2 are placed on the corbels 7 of the columns 1 and form a water-permeable hole 19 with the bottom plate 4. The elevation of the top surface of the middle beam 2 is lower than or equal to the designed low water level of the channel. Figure 2 As shown, the ends of the middle beam 2 are provided with reserved steel bars 18; Figure 1 As shown, the first tenons 8 at both ends of the top beam 3 extend into the first tenon groove 10 and are connected to the column 1, and the adjacent bottom plates 4 are connected to each other through the second tenons 9 and the second tenon groove 11. Figure 2As shown, the grille mechanism includes grille bars 5 arranged parallel to the middle beam 2 and the top beam 3. The grille bars 5 are arranged in at least one row. One end of the grille bar 5 extends into the groove 12 reserved on the middle beam 2, and the other end is connected to the top beam 3 through a disassembly component. Figure 4 As shown, the disassembly assembly includes a positioning plate 13, a grooved pressing block 14 matching the positioning plate 13, and a bolt 15. Figure 6 As shown, bolt sleeves 16 matching the bolts 15 are arranged at equal intervals at the bottom of the top beam 3. Figure 5 As shown, the positioning plate 13 is provided with positioning holes 17 that match the grille bars 5. The grille bars 5 extend into the positioning holes 17. The bolts 15 pass through the grooved pressing blocks 14 and the positioning plate 13 and are tightened with the bolt sleeves 16 in sequence. Figure 2 As shown, the grille bars 5 are staggered in two rows front to back, the row spacing of the grille bars 5 is 1 to 2 times the thickness or diameter of the grille bars 5, and the spacing between the grille bars 5 in each row of the grille bars 5 is 0.1 to 0.4 times the thickness or diameter of the grille bars 5; the cross-sectional shape of the grille bars 5 is any one of circular, square, rectangular or semicircular, and the cross-sectional size of the grille bars 5 is 100 to 200 mm; the size of the groove 12 is 3 to 6 mm larger than the cross-sectional size of the grille bar 5.

[0037] In this embodiment, the grille bars can reduce the energy of ship waves. Double rows of grille bars are arranged in a staggered manner, so that the ship waves repeatedly dissipate energy through the gaps between the grille bars. After the water flows around the grille bars, it will be reflected and form a wake, which promotes convection and diffusion, and is accompanied by water-gas exchange, which promotes the dissipation of water disturbance energy and reduces the mechanical energy of ship waves, thereby reducing or offsetting the impact damage to the aquatic plants behind. The use of circular or semicircular grille bars can also increase the water-blocking area, increase the reflection and energy consumption of ship waves, and replace part of the reinforced concrete with grille bars to achieve the purpose of reducing the dead weight of the structure and reducing the amount of material used. The design of the grille bars and the positioning plates makes it easy to disassemble and replace the grille bars when they are damaged. The elevation of the top surface of the center beam is lower than or equal to the designed low water level of the channel. The water body of the river channel and the water body behind the wave-breaking device are connected and exchanged through the permeable holes. The ship waves completely enter the rear of the wave-breaking device through the grille bars on the upper part of the center beam. The water on the river side and the land side of the device can be circulated through the permeable holes. During the water circulation process, the circulation of nutrients required by fish, plankton and aquatic plants is promoted, thereby promoting biodiversity and the growth of aquatic plants.

[0038] Example 2:

[0039] This embodiment provides an assembly method for an ecological waterway bank protection and wave absorbing device. This method uses the ecological waterway bank protection and wave absorbing device in Example 1 and includes the following steps:

[0040] Step 1: Level the revetment where the ecological waterway revetment and wave-breaking device is located, and perform corresponding foundation treatment;

[0041] Step 2: Align the second tenons 9 and second tenon grooves 11 of the adjacent bottom plates 4 one by one and tightly splice them together;

[0042] Step 3: bury the column 1 in the cup-shaped foundation 6 on the base plate 4, correct the axis position of the column 1 with the theodolite, fix it with ropes, and pour concrete in the gap between the column 1 and the cup-shaped foundation 6;

[0043] Step 4: Overlap the two ends of the center beam 2 on the corbels 7, and pour concrete at the connection between the center beam 2 and the column 1;

[0044] Step 5: Insert one end of the grille bar 5 into the groove 12 in sequence, adjust the position of the grille bar 5 so that the grille bar 5 is vertical, and insert the other end of the grille bar 5 through the positioning hole 17 on the positioning plate 13 for positioning;

[0045] Step 6: Insert the first tenons 8 at both ends of the top beam 3 into the first tenon grooves 10, place the positioning plate 13 at the bottom of the top beam 3, place the groove-shaped pressing block 14 at the bottom of the positioning plate 13, and tighten the bolts 15 through the groove-shaped pressing block 14 and the positioning plate 13 and the bolt sleeve 16 in sequence;

[0046] Step 7: Pour high-strength self-compacting grouting material at the joints of each component to ensure reliable assembly connection.

[0047] In this embodiment, the ends of the center beam are provided with reserved steel bars. After the structure is assembled, concrete is poured into the reserved steel bars at both ends of the center beam, which can improve the structural integrity. The first mortise and tenon grooves at the top of the columns and the first tenons at the ends of the top beam, when assembled, form a secure mortise and tenon joint structure. The components of this invention are easy to prefabricate, transport, and install, requiring minimal engineering effort.

[0048] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An assembly method for an ecological waterway bank protection and wave absorbing device, characterized in that: The device includes a support mechanism and a grid mechanism, wherein the support mechanism includes a column (1), a middle beam (2), a top beam (3) and a bottom plate (4), one end of the column (1) is embedded in a cup-shaped foundation (6) on the bottom plate (4), and the other end is reserved with a first mortise (10), both ends of the middle beam (2) are placed on the corbels (7) of the column (1), and form a water-permeable hole (19) with the bottom plate (4), the first tenons (8) at both ends of the top beam (3) extend into the first mortise (10) and are connected to the column (1), and adjacent bottom plates (4) are connected to each other through second tenons (9) and second mortise (11); the grid mechanism includes grid bars ( 5), at least one row of grille bars (5) is provided, one end of the grille bar (5) extends into a groove (12) reserved on the middle beam (2), and the other end is connected to the top beam (3) through a disassembly component; the disassembly component includes a positioning plate (13), a groove-shaped pressing block (14) and a bolt (15) matching the positioning plate (13), and bolt sleeves (16) matching the bolts (15) are arranged at equal intervals on the bottom of the top beam (3), the positioning plate (13) is provided with positioning holes (17) matching the grille bars (5), the grille bars (5) extend into the positioning holes (17), and the bolts (15) pass through the groove-shaped pressing block (14) and the positioning plate (13) in sequence and are tightened with the bolt sleeves (16); Methods include: Level the revetment where the ecological waterway revetment and wave-breaking device is located, and perform corresponding foundation treatment; The second tenons (9) and second tenon grooves (11) of the adjacent bottom plates (4) are aligned one by one and tightly spliced ​​together; The column (1) is embedded in the cup-shaped foundation (6) on the bottom plate (4), the axis position of the column (1) is corrected by a theodolite, it is fixed by a rope, and concrete is poured in the gap between the column (1) and the cup-shaped foundation (6); Lap the two ends of the middle beam (2) on the corbels (7), and pour concrete at the connection between the middle beam (2) and the column (1); Sequentially insert one end of the grille bar (5) into the groove (12), adjust the position of the grille bar (5) so that the grille bar (5) is vertical, and pass the other end of the grille bar (5) through the positioning hole (17) on the positioning plate (13) for positioning; Splice the first tenons (8) at both ends of the top beam (3) into the first tenon groove (10), place the positioning plate (13) at the bottom of the top beam (3), place the groove-shaped pressing block (14) at the bottom of the positioning plate (13), and tighten the bolts (15) through the groove-shaped pressing block (14) and the positioning plate (13) and the bolt sleeve (16) in sequence; High-strength self-compacting grouting material is poured at the joints of each component to ensure reliable assembly connections.

2. The ecological waterway bank protection and wave absorbing device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The grille bars (5) are arranged in two rows staggered front and back.

3. The ecological waterway bank protection and wave absorbing device according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The row spacing of the grid bars (5) is 1 to 2 times the thickness or diameter of the grid bars (5), and the spacing between the grid bars (5) on each row of grid bars (5) is 0.1 to 0.4 times the thickness or diameter of the grid bars (5).

4. The ecological waterway bank protection and wave absorbing device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The cross-sectional shape of the grid bars (5) is any one of circular, rectangular or semicircular.

5. The ecological waterway bank protection and wave absorbing device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The size of the groove (12) is 3 to 6 mm larger than the cross-sectional size of the grille bar (5).

6. The ecological waterway bank protection and wave absorbing device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The elevation of the top surface of the middle beam (2) is lower than or equal to the designed low water level of the waterway.

7. The ecological waterway bank protection and wave absorbing device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The ends of the middle beam (2) are each provided with reserved steel bars (18).

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