Adapter and wear element with pins arranged at low stress points

Abstract

This invention relates to an adapter and a wear-resistant element attached to each other by a pin in the bucket of earthmoving machinery. The pin is positioned at a point such that when there is relative rotation between the wear-resistant element and the adapter, the supporting surfaces of the adapter and the wear-resistant element contact each other before the pin is subjected to stress due to the application of a force in the direction Y applied to point B1 and pointing towards point B2, and a force in the direction Y applied to point B2 and pointing towards point B1. This reduces the stress that the pin must bear.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an adapter for a wear-resistant component of a bucket used to support earthmoving machinery, wherein:

[0002] The adapter has a rear portion and a front portion, the rear portion being adapted to be fixed to the bucket, and the front portion being adapted to be received within a cavity of a wear-resistant element, wherein the adapter defines a longitudinal axis X.

[0003] - Having at least one pin hole suitable for receiving a pin, the pin being adapted to retain a wear-resistant element on an adapter, wherein the pin has a predetermined position relative to the pin hole and has a longitudinal axis defining an axis Z.

[0004] -Where, axes X and Z define plane XZ and a direction perpendicular to plane XZ, thereby defining axis Y, and axes X and Y define plane XY.

[0005] -Having at least one front upper support surface, at least one rear upper support surface, at least one front lower support surface, and at least one rear lower support surface.

[0006] -The upper and lower support surfaces are symmetrical about the plane XZ.

[0007] - In the longitudinal section based on the XY plane, the following definition applies:

[0008] - Point A1 is the rear end of the intersection line between the rear upper support surface and the plane XY, or, if there is more than one rear upper support surface, it is the rearmost point of all rear upper support surfaces according to the projection of Z onto the plane XY.

[0009] Point A2 is the rear end of the intersection line between the rear lower support surface and the plane XY, or, if there is more than one rear lower support surface, it is the rearmost point of all rear lower support surfaces according to the projection of Z onto the plane XY.

[0010] Point B1 is the front end of the intersection line between the front upper support surface and the plane XY, or, if there is more than one front upper support surface, it is the frontmost point of all front upper support surfaces according to the projection of Z onto the plane XY.

[0011] Point B2 is the front end of the intersection line between the front lower support surface and the plane XY, or, if there is more than one front lower support surface, it is the frontmost point of all front lower support surfaces according to the projection of Z onto the plane XY.

[0012] -Where, there exists a distance H2 in the Y direction between A1 and A2, and a distance H1 in the Y direction between B1 and B2.

[0013] - Wherein, when the wear-resistant component is assembled on the adapter, in the direction of axis Y, there is a gap with a preset value j between any point among points A1, A2, B1, and B2 and the wear-resistant component.

[0014] -Where, there is a distance D between A1 and B1 in the direction X.

[0015] The present invention also relates to a wear-resistant element suitable for assembly on an adapter of the bucket of earthmoving machinery, wherein:

[0016] - The wear-resistant element has a front and a rear portion, the front portion being adapted to cut into the soil to be moved, and the rear portion having a cavity adapted to receive the front portion of the adapter therein, wherein the wear-resistant element defines a longitudinal axis X.

[0017] - The cavity has at least one through-hole on one side, the through-hole being adapted to receive a pin adapted to retain a wear-resistant element on the adapter, wherein the pin has a predetermined position relative to the through-hole and has a longitudinal axis defining an axis Z, (and preferably the cavity has two through-holes aligned with each other and located on each side of the cavity, wherein each through-hole is adapted to receive a pin, or a pin extending from one through-hole to the other).

[0018] -Where, axes X and Z define plane XZ and a direction perpendicular to plane XZ, thereby defining axis Y, and axes X and Y define plane XY.

[0019] -Having at least one front upper support surface, at least one rear upper support surface, at least one front lower support surface, and at least one rear lower support surface.

[0020] -The upper and lower support surfaces are symmetrical about the plane XZ.

[0021] - In the longitudinal section based on the XY plane, the following definition applies:

[0022] - Point a1 is the rear end of the intersection line between the rear upper support surface and the plane XY, or, if there is more than one rear upper support surface, it is the rearmost point of all rear upper support surfaces according to the projection of Z onto the plane XY.

[0023] Point a2 is the rear end of the intersection line between the rear lower support surface and the plane XY, or, if there is more than one rear lower support surface, it is the rearmost point of all rear lower support surfaces according to the projection of Z onto the plane XY.

[0024] Point b1 is the front end of the intersection line between the front upper support surface and the plane XY, or, if there is more than one front upper support surface, it is the frontmost point of all front upper support surfaces according to the projection of Z onto the plane XY.

[0025] Point b2 is the front end of the intersection line between the front lower support surface and the plane XY, or, if there is more than one front lower support surface, it is the frontmost point of all front lower support surfaces according to the projection of Z onto the plane XY.

[0026] -Where, there exists a distance h2 in the Y direction between a1 and a2, and a distance h1 in the Y direction between b1 and b2.

[0027] - Wherein, when the wear-resistant component is assembled on the adapter, in the direction of axis Y, there is a gap with a preset value j between any point among points a1, a2, b1, and b2 and the adapter.

[0028] -Where, there exists a distance d between a1 and b1 in the direction X.

[0029] The present invention also relates to an assembly formed from an adapter and a wear-resistant element, both according to the present invention.

[0030] The present invention also relates to a method for designing and manufacturing an adapter for a wear-resistant element of a bucket used to support earthmoving machinery, wherein:

[0031] The adapter has a rear portion and a front portion, the rear portion being adapted to be fixed to the bucket, and the front portion being adapted to be received within a cavity of a wear-resistant element, wherein the adapter defines a longitudinal axis X.

[0032] The method includes the step of positioning at least one pin hole adapted to receive a pin, the pin being adapted to retain a wear-resistant element on an adapter, wherein the pin has a longitudinal axis defining an axis Z.

[0033] -Where, axes X and Z define plane XZ and a direction perpendicular to plane XZ, thereby defining axis Y, and axes X and Y define plane XY.

[0034] -The adapter has at least one front upper support surface, at least one rear upper support surface, at least one front lower support surface, and at least one rear lower support surface.

[0035] -The upper support surface and the lower support surface are symmetrical about the plane XZ.

[0036] Finally, the present invention also relates to a method for designing and manufacturing wear-resistant elements suitable for assembly on an adapter of a bucket of earthmoving machinery, wherein:

[0037] - The wear-resistant element has a front and a rear portion, the front portion being adapted to cut into the soil to be moved, and the rear portion having a cavity adapted to receive the front portion of the adapter therein, wherein the wear-resistant element defines a longitudinal axis X.

[0038] The method includes the step of positioning a through-hole on one side of the cavity, the through-hole being adapted to receive a pin adapted to retain a wear-resistant element on an adapter, wherein the pin has a longitudinal axis defining an axis Z (and preferably, the step of positioning two through-holes on each side of the cavity and aligning them with each other, either one of which is adapted to receive a pin, or adapted to receive a pin extending from one to the other).

[0039] -Where, axes X and Z define plane XZ and a direction perpendicular to plane XZ, thereby defining axis Y, and axes X and Y define plane XY.

[0040] -The wear-resistant element has at least one front upper support surface, at least one rear upper support surface, at least one front lower support surface, and at least one rear lower support surface.

[0041] -The upper support surface and the lower support surface are symmetrical about the plane XZ.

[0042] Preferably, the wear-resistant element is a tooth. Typically, these wear-resistant components include a concave portion having a cavity and a convex portion having a portion adapted to be received within the cavity. In this specification and claims, the concave portion is considered the wear-resistant element, and the convex portion is considered an adapter. The front portion of the convex portion received within the cavity is also referred to as the nose of the adapter. However, the wear-resistant component can be the opposite, i.e., the concave portion is the adapter, and the convex portion is the wear-resistant element. The invention will be applied in exactly the same manner, therefore this alternative must also be understood as part of the invention.

[0043] This specification and claims describe an adapter and a wear-resistant element, whose function is attached to each other by a pin, even though they are separate parts. The adapter is then attached to the bucket of an earthmoving machine. Assuming that each of these elements is intended to be part of an assembly, the characteristics of one (in particular its physical dimensions) affect the other elements to such an extent that it is the baseline data for the design of the remaining elements. Typically, in patents, particularly in independent claims, if two elements are related to each other by use, the dimensions and / or shape of the first element are defined by a general reference to the dimensions or corresponding shape of the second element, which is not part of the product protected by the independent claim. The designer of these assemblies will have a series of defined elements, in particular profile heights, which must be considered when designing each part of the assembly, whether these profile heights are the profile heights of the part in question or other elements of the assembly, or even the general profile heights of the assembly. Thus, for example, in this case, the z-axis is the position that will be occupied by the axis of the pin in the assembled position of the assembly. Neither the adapter nor the wear-resistant element includes a pin; however, their future positions are, of course, based on the profile heights present when designing both the adapter and the wear-resistant element. Therefore, this profile height is part of the adapter (and wear-resistant element), as are any other profile heights of it.

[0044] When designing wear-resistant components, the existence of areas where the adapter and wear-resistant element should contact each other is taken into account. These areas are referred to as support surfaces in this specification and claims, and the component is designed to transmit forces and reactions between the adapter and wear-resistant element through these support surfaces. During use, particularly when the component is deformed and worn and / or filled with particles due to use, the adapter and wear-resistant element may actually contact in areas that are not contact surfaces; therefore, the transmission of forces and reactions may not occur solely through the support surfaces. However, this does not contradict the fact that both the adapter and wear-resistant element have predefined support surfaces, which are therefore part of their characteristic elements. In this specification and claims, some of these support surfaces have been described as "upper" or "lower." These terms refer only to the orientation of the surfaces, where the upper surface is oriented upwards. In the case of wear-resistant components without lugs, there is a certain consistency in the sense that the upper support surfaces (i.e., those oriented upwards) are precisely the support surfaces in the upper part of the component (adapter or wear-resistant element) under discussion. However, as will be seen below, in the case of components with lugs, there is an upper support surface (oriented upwards) that is actually in the lower part of the component, and vice versa. Background Technology

[0045] A wear-resistant assembly is known, comprising an adapter with a pin hole and a wear-resistant element having two mutually aligned holes such that they at least partially coincide with the pin hole of the adapter in the assembly position, and the adapter and the wear-resistant element are attached to each other by a pin received in the holes and the pin hole. Examples of such assemblies can be found in documents WO 2011029157, EP 2620 557 A1 and EP 1 710358. Typically, several sets of fasteners can be found:

[0046] Group 1: The adapter's pin hole is a through hole, and the wear-resistant element has two through holes. In the assembled position, a single pin extends from one end to the other through three holes.

[0047] Group 2: The pin hole of the adapter is a through hole (as in the previous group), but two pins are used, each of which occupies a portion of the pin hole of the adapter and one of the through holes of the wear-resistant element.

[0048] Group 3: The adapter has two pin holes, which are blind holes aligned with each other, and uses two pins. Each pin is accommodated in a pin hole and a through hole of the wear-resistant element.

[0049] Group 4: The wear-resistant element has only one through hole, and the adapter has a single pin hole, which is a blind hole, and the wear-resistant element is fixed to the adapter in an asymmetrical manner relative to the plane XY by a single pin.

[0050] The present invention is compatible with any of these four sets of alternatives, although the alternatives in sets 1, 2 and 3 are particularly advantageous.

[0051] Typically, it is concerning that the pin is not subjected to stress (it must simply hold the wear-resistant element in place so that it does not dislodge due to gravity). However, the reality is that the pin is subjected to stress, wear, and deformation, which can cause difficulties in disassembling the wear-resistant element, pin breakage, etc. Therefore, a new design is needed to address or at least reduce the load and deformation experienced by the pin. Summary of the Invention

[0052] The object of this invention is to overcome these disadvantages. This object is achieved by an adapter of the type described above, characterized in that the axis Z passes through the inside of a circle arranged in a longitudinal section, the circle having a radius R and a center C, wherein the center C is arranged on the axis X.

[0053] - Where R2 is the radius starting at the center C and ending at A1, and A1j is the radius of the circle located at a distance R2 from the center C and at a distance equal to the axis X along the direction Y. point,

[0054] - Where R1 is the radius starting at the center C and ending at B1, and B1j is the radius located at a distance R1 from the center C and at a distance equal to the axis X along the direction Y. point,

[0055] -Where, there exists a distance A between A1 and C in the direction X, and a distance B between B1 and C in the direction X.

[0056] -and among them,

[0057] If the adapter is used for wear-resistant components without lugs, then

[0058]

[0059] However, if the adapter is used for wear-resistant components with lugs, then

[0060]

[0061] Preferably, axis Z, i.e., the position of the pin, passes through the center C, which, as will be discussed below, is the optimal position for the pin. However, the results obtained at a position close to the center C, i.e., within a circle of radius R, can also be satisfactory. In this sense, R preferably has a value less than 10% of the sum of distances A and B, and very preferably less than 5% of the sum of distances A and B. A value less than 2% of the sum of distances A and B is particularly advantageous for R.

[0062] In practice, the strategy of this invention involves positioning the pin at a point such that when there is relative rotation between the wear-resistant element and the adapter, the supporting surfaces of the adapter and the wear-resistant element contact each other before the pin is subjected to stress due to the application of a force applied in direction Y to point B1 and pointing towards point B2, and a force applied in direction Y to point B2 and pointing towards point B1. This reduces the stress that the pin must bear. The advantages of this solution are not only seen in the case of new wear-resistant components, but also throughout their entire service life, i.e., as wear, deformation, fine particle accumulation, etc., gradually accumulate. In fact, these "deviations from the original working state" often result in the pin being subjected to greater stress than it initially was, leading to deformation and even breakage that hinders its subsequent removal, which in turn may result in the loss of the wear-resistant element. However, with the solution proposed in this invention, the pin is subjected to much lower stress even throughout the entire service life of the wear-resistant component.

[0063] Preferably, a hemispherical surface having a center C and a radius R1 extends between [a] the front end of the upper front support surface (or, if there is more than one upper front support surface, the very front end of all upper front support surfaces) and [b] the front end of the lower front support surface (if there is more than one lower front support surface, the very front end of all lower front support surfaces). As will be explained in more detail below, this hemispherical front surface allows sliding between the adapter and the wear-resistant element (which preferably also has an equivalent hemispherical surface) when a force is applied in the direction Y (when there is rotation about the pin).

[0064] Advantageously, the adapter includes at least one upper auxiliary hemispherical surface centered at C and a lower auxiliary hemispherical surface also centered at C. These auxiliary hemispherical surfaces are preferably complementary to an equivalent auxiliary hemispherical surface in the wear-resistant element, but have a predetermined interval relative to that auxiliary hemispherical surface, allowing this interval to remain constant (since the centers of all these surfaces are at the center of rotation). This prevents the separation from increasing, which limits the ingress of material, and consequently prevents an increase in forces tending to separate the wear-resistant element from the adapter.

[0065] Generally, wear-resistant elements, especially teeth, can be divided into two large groups: those with lugs and those without lugs. This difference will be discussed in more detail below, but it is a clear concept to those skilled in the art. The invention applies to both cases (wear-resistant assemblies with or without lugs), but preferably, the adapter is used for wear-resistant elements without lugs. In this latter case, it is advantageous for H2 to be greater than H1.

[0066] Typically, when the adapter is new, the entire invention is defined and explained by taking into account the profile height and dimensions of the adapter (and, below, the wear-resistant element).

[0067] Another object of the present invention is a wear-resistant element of the above type, characterized in that the axis Z passes through the inside of a circle arranged in a longitudinal section, the circle having a radius r and a center c, wherein the center c is arranged on the axis X.

[0068] - Where r2 is the radius starting at the center c and ending at a1, and a1j is the radius of a circle located at a distance r2 from the center c and whose distance from the axis X according to the direction Y is equal to... point,

[0069] - Where r1 is the radius starting at the center c and ending at b1, and b1j is the radius of the circle located at a distance r1 from the center c and at a distance equal to the axis X along the direction Y. point,

[0070] -Where, there exists a distance 'a' between a1 and c in the direction X, and a distance 'b' between b1 and c in the direction X.

[0071] -and among them

[0072] If the wear-resistant component is a wear-resistant component without lugs, then

[0073]

[0074] However, if the wear-resistant component is a wear-resistant component with lugs, then

[0075]

[0076] Typically, it must be considered that, in use, the wear-resistant element, adapter, and pin form an assembly used in this way. However, the wear-resistant element is more susceptible to stress during use, and therefore its average service life is shorter than that of the adapter or pin. Thus, for example, the average service life of an adapter is typically 3 to 5 times longer (or even longer) than the average service life of the teeth of an earthmoving machine bucket. Therefore, the wear-resistant element is typically secured to the adapter in an easily detachable manner by a pin, and these three elements (wear-resistant element, adapter, and pin) are sold not only as an assembly of three parts (or as an adapter-wear-resistant element pair) but also separately, and the operation of replacing a used wear-resistant element with a new one must be as quick, simple, and trouble-free as possible, including that the pin is not significantly deformed and is easily removed. Therefore, separate claims for the adapter and wear-resistant element must be provided, as this is why these elements are typically found on the market. This necessitates that the invention be defined independently for both the adapter and the wear-resistant element, even though the basic concept is the same in both cases. Therefore, an attempt has been made to use the same reference numerals as much as possible to represent the equivalent point and profile height between the adapter and the wear-resistant element by simply replacing the uppercase letters (for the wear-resistant element) with lowercase letters (for the wear-resistant element). The exception is gap j, which is common in both cases. In the mathematical formula, variations are precisely introduced only due to changes in the reference body (adapter or wear-resistant element). Conversely, such pins are not affected by the invention. Therefore, the explanation of the operation of the wear-resistant element in this invention is the same as that of the adapter, and its advantages are also the same. To avoid unnecessary repetition, it will not be repeated here, and the content set forth above is valid.

[0077] Therefore, as indicated in the case of the adapter, a preferred embodiment of the wear-resistant element includes:

[0078] - The radius r has a value less than 10% of the sum of distances a and b, preferably less than 5% of the sum of distances a and b. Particularly advantageous is that it has a value less than 2% of the sum of distances a and b.

[0079] - A hemispherical surface has a center c and a radius r1, which extends between the front end of [a] the front upper support surface (or, if there is more than one front upper support surface, the frontmost of all front upper support surfaces) and the front end of [b] the front lower support surface (or, if there is more than one front lower support surface, the frontmost of all front lower support surfaces).

[0080] - Includes at least one upper auxiliary hemispherical surface centered at c and a lower auxiliary hemispherical surface also centered at c.

[0081] - As a wear-resistant element without lugs, it is particularly advantageous for H2 to be greater than H1 in this case.

[0082] The object of the present invention also lies in an assembly formed by an adapter according to the invention and a wear-resistant element according to the invention. Preferably, the value of radius R1 is equal to the value of radius r1, which allows sliding (by rotation) between the two aforementioned hemispherical surfaces. In fact, R1 equal to r1 means that the distance between the two hemispherical surfaces is zero, that is, the two hemispherical surfaces are in contact with each other. Furthermore, in this case, when B1 rotates around C, it coincides with b1 and ends.

[0083] Another object of the present invention is a method for designing an adapter for supporting wear-resistant components of the bucket of earthmoving machinery of the above type, characterized in that:

[0084] - In the longitudinal section based on the XY plane, the following definition applies:

[0085] - Point A1 is the rear end of the intersection line between the rear upper support surface and the plane XY, or, if there is more than one rear upper support surface, it is the rearmost point of all rear upper support surfaces according to the projection of Z onto the plane XY.

[0086] Point A2 is the rear end of the intersection line between the rear lower support surface and the plane XY, or, if there is more than one rear lower support surface, it is the rearmost point of all rear lower support surfaces according to the projection of Z onto the plane XY.

[0087] Point B1 is the front end of the intersection line between the front upper support surface and the plane XY, or, if there is more than one front upper support surface, it is the frontmost point of all front upper support surfaces according to the projection of Z onto the plane XY.

[0088] Point B2 is the front end of the intersection line between the front lower support surface and the plane XY, or, if there is more than one front lower support surface, it is the frontmost point of all front lower support surfaces according to the projection of Z onto the plane XY.

[0089] -Where, there exists a distance H2 in the Y direction between A1 and A2, and a distance H1 in the Y direction between B1 and B2.

[0090] - Wherein, when the wear-resistant component is assembled on the adapter, in the direction of axis Y, there is a gap with a preset value j between any point among points A1, A2, B1, and B2 and the wear-resistant component.

[0091] -Where, there exists a distance D between A1 and B1 in the direction X.

[0092] And its characteristics are:

[0093] The axis Z is positioned such that it passes through the inside of a circle arranged in the longitudinal section, the circle having a radius R and a center C, wherein the center C is arranged on the axis X.

[0094] - Where R2 is the radius starting at the center C and ending at A1, and A1j is the radius of the circle located at a distance R2 from the center C and at a distance equal to the axis X along the direction Y. point,

[0095] - Where R1 is the radius starting at the center C and ending at B1, and B1j is the radius located at a distance R1 from the center C and at a distance equal to the axis X along the direction Y. point,

[0096] -Where, there exists a distance A between A1 and C in the direction X, and a distance B between B1 and C in the direction X.

[0097] -and among them,

[0098] If the adapter is used for wear-resistant components without lugs, then

[0099]

[0100] However, if the adapter is used for wear-resistant components with lugs, then

[0101]

[0102] The present invention also aims to provide a method for manufacturing an adapter for supporting a wear-resistant element of a bucket of earthmoving machinery of the aforementioned type. The method is characterized by comprising the steps of designing an adapter according to the invention, manufacturing a mold comprising a geometry adapted to form a pin hole adapted to receive a pin adapted to hold the wear-resistant element on the adapter, wherein the pin has a longitudinal axis defining an axis Z, and further comprising the step of pouring molten material into the mold to obtain the adapter.

[0103] Similarly, an object of the present invention also lies in a method for designing wear-resistant elements suitable for assembly on an adapter of the bucket of earthmoving machinery of the above type, characterized in that:

[0104] - In the longitudinal section based on the XY plane, the following definition applies:

[0105] - Point a1 is the rear end of the intersection line between the rear upper support surface and the plane XY, or, if there is more than one rear upper support surface, it is the rearmost point of all rear upper support surfaces according to the projection of Z onto the plane XY.

[0106] Point a2 is the rear end of the intersection line between the rear lower support surface and the plane XY, or, if there is more than one rear lower support surface, it is the rearmost point of all rear lower support surfaces according to the projection of Z onto the plane XY.

[0107] Point b1 is the front end of the intersection line between the front upper support surface and the plane XY, or, if there is more than one front upper support surface, it is the frontmost point of all front upper support surfaces according to the projection of Z onto the plane XY.

[0108] Point b2 is the front end of the intersection line between the front lower support surface and the plane XY, or, if there is more than one front lower support surface, it is the frontmost point of all front lower support surfaces according to the projection of Z onto the plane XY.

[0109] -Where, there exists a distance h2 in the Y direction between a1 and a2, and a distance h1 in the Y direction between b1 and b2.

[0110] - Wherein, when the wear-resistant component is assembled on the adapter, in the direction of axis Y, there is a gap with a preset value j between any point among points a1, a2, b1, and b2 and the adapter.

[0111] -Where, there exists a distance d between a1 and b1 in the direction X.

[0112] And its characteristics are:

[0113] The axis Z is positioned to pass through the inside of a circle arranged in the longitudinal section, the circle having a radius r and a center c, wherein the center c is arranged on the axis X.

[0114] - Where r2 is the radius starting at the center c and ending at a1, and a1j is the radius of a circle located at a distance r2 from the center c and whose distance from the axis X according to the direction Y is equal to... point,

[0115] - Where r1 is the radius starting at the center c and ending at b1, and b1j is the radius of the circle located at a distance r1 from the center c and at a distance equal to the axis X along the direction Y. point,

[0116] -Where, there exists a distance 'a' between a1 and c in the direction X, and a distance 'b' between b1 and c in the direction X.

[0117] -and among them

[0118] If the wear-resistant component is a wear-resistant component without lugs, then

[0119]

[0120] However, if the wear-resistant component is a wear-resistant component with lugs, then

[0121]

[0122] Finally, the object of the present invention is also a method for manufacturing a wear-resistant element suitable for assembly on an adapter of a bucket of earthmoving machinery of the above type, characterized in that the method includes the steps of designing a wear-resistant element according to the invention, manufacturing a mold including a geometry adapted to form a through hole adapted to receive a pin adapted to retain the wear-resistant element on the adapter, wherein the pin has a longitudinal axis defining an axis Z, and the method further includes the step of pouring molten material into the mold to obtain the wear-resistant element. Attached Figure Description

[0123] Other advantages and features of the invention will become apparent from the following description, in which preferred embodiments of the invention are described in a non-limiting manner with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings:

[0124] Figure 1 A perspective view of a wear-resistant assembly consisting of an adapter, wear-resistant elements, and pins is shown.

[0125] Figures 2 to 4 A schematic top view of the adapter with the marked support surfaces is shown.

[0126] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the cross-section of the wear-resistant element according to the plane XY is shown.

[0127] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a cross-section of an assembly consisting of an adapter and wear-resistant elements according to the plane XY is shown.

[0128] Figure 7 It shows Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the adapter based on the cross section of the plane XY, and shows the motion performed by points B1 and A2 during rotation.

[0129] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a wear-resistant element without lugs, based on a cross-section of the plane XY, is shown.

[0130] Figure 9 A schematic side view of a wear-resistant element with lugs is shown.

[0131] Figure 10 A schematic side view of an adapter for a wear-resistant element with lugs is shown, with points A1, A2, B1, and B2 marked.

[0132] Figure 11 A schematic side view of a wear-resistant element with lugs is shown, with points a1, a2, b1, and b2 marked.

[0133] Figures 12 to 15 A schematic diagram of four wear-resistant components with different front sections is shown, based on cross-sections of the plane XY.

[0134] Figure 16 A top-view or front-view perspective view of the adapter according to the present invention is shown.

[0135] Figure 17 A top-rear perspective view of a wear-resistant element (particularly a tooth) according to the present invention is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0136] Figure 1 An exploded full view of the wear-resistant assembly formed by an adapter 1, a wear-resistant element 2 (specifically, a tooth, which is a preferred embodiment of the invention), and a pin 3 is shown. The adapter 1 has a rear portion 4, from which it is secured to the bucket of an earthmoving machine, and a front portion 5, commonly referred to as the nose, having a geometry adapted to be received within a cavity 10 present in the rear portion 6 of the wear-resistant element 2. The adapter 1 has a pin hole 8, and the wear-resistant element 2 has two through holes 9, each through one of the side walls surrounding the cavity 10. The pin hole 8 of the adapter 1 and the through holes 9 of the wear-resistant element 2 are arranged such that, in the assembled position of the wear-resistant element 2 on the adapter 1, the pin hole 8 and the two through holes 9 are aligned with each other, or at least partially aligned, since they do not necessarily have identical cross-sections. However, the partial alignment must be sufficient such that, in the assembled position, the pin 3 can be inserted into and protrude from the pin hole 8 of the adapter 1 by a sufficient amount into the through hole 9 of the wear-resistant element 2 to enable its locking function to be applied.

[0137] The adapter 1 defines a principal direction between its front portion 5 and its rear portion 4. This principal direction thus defines the longitudinal axis X. Furthermore, the pin hole 8 received therein by the pin 3 also defines a principal direction perpendicular to the axis X. This second principal direction thus defines the axis Z. The two axes define a plane XZ and a direction perpendicular to the plane XZ, thereby defining the axis Y.

[0138] The same applies to wear-resistant element 2: its front portion 7 and its rear portion 6 define axis X, its (aligned) through holes 9 define axis Z, and a direction perpendicular to the corresponding plane XZ defines axis Y. Furthermore, in the assembled position, the axes XYZ of adapter 1 coincide with the axes XYZ of wear-resistant element 2.

[0139] Typically, the front portion 5 of the adapter 1 and the cavity 10 of the wear-resistant element 2 have more or less complex geometries. These geometries are usually designed such that there is no complete contact between the entire surface of the front portion 5 of the adapter 1 and the cavity 10; instead, it is envisioned that contact will occur on specific support surfaces clearly defined in the design phase. Forces and reactions are transmitted between the adapter 1 and the wear-resistant element 2 through these support surfaces. As mentioned above, the actual situation may be more complex during the use of the wear-resistant assembly due to wear, deformation, and the introduction of material between the gaps in the assembly, but this does not contradict the fact that both the adapter 1 and the wear-resistant element 2 have these support surfaces as characteristic elements of themselves.

[0140] Regarding the present invention, forces and reactions (or components along its axis Y) are considered; therefore, it is advantageous to provide support surfaces capable of transmitting forces in this direction, even if these surfaces do not necessarily have to be completely planar or completely oriented such that they are perpendicular to Y. Typically, these forces and reactions will tend to cause the wear-resistant element 2 to rotate relative to the adapter 1 about an axis parallel to Z. The upper parts of both the adapter 1 and the wear-resistant element 2 (in...) Figure 1 The top and bottom of the middle section and the front section (in the middle) Figure 1 The left side and rear of the middle section can be defined using this axis Z.

[0141] Both the adapter 1 and the wear-resistant element 2 must have at least one front upper support surface, one rear upper support surface, one front lower support surface, and one rear lower support surface. These surfaces may have various geometries, and there may be more than one geometry (e.g., two rear support surfaces, i.e., both the upper rear support surface and the lower rear support surface). Figures 2 to 4 Several schematic examples are shown. These figures depict the adapter "from above" (according to direction Y) in a highly schematic manner, with the upper support surface marked. The lines of intersection with the plane XY are also marked. There may be one or more upper support surfaces in each front and rear region. Naturally, other shapes are possible (actual shapes are often more complex), and they can be mixed in any way (e.g., Figure 2 The front upper surface and Figure 4 (e.g., the upper rear surface). The exact same situation may occur in wear-resistant element 2.

[0142] For this invention, it is also important to allow the points that define these supporting surfaces:

[0143] - Point A1 is the rear end of the intersection line between the rear upper support surface and the plane XY, or, if there is more than one rear upper support surface, it is the rearmost point of all rear upper support surfaces according to the projection of Z onto the plane XY.

[0144] - Point B1 is the front end of the intersection line between the front upper support surface and the plane XY, or if there is more than one front upper support surface, it is the front end of all front upper support surfaces according to the projection of Z on the plane XY.

[0145] Similarly, points A2 and B2 are defined in the lower part of adapter 1. Likewise, points a1, a2, b1, and b2 of wear-resistant element 2 can be defined similarly.

[0146] Figure 5 The longitudinal section of the wear-resistant element 2 according to the plane XY is shown. It has marked points a1, a2, b1, and b2. These points define distances h1, h2, and d. The adapter 1 is defined by distances H1, H2, and D in an equivalent manner.

[0147] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a cross-section of the assembly formed by adapter 1 and wear-resistant element 2 according to the plane XY is shown. Points A1, A2, B1, and B2 of adapter 1 and gap j have been indicated. Points a1, a2, b1, and b2 of wear-resistant element 2 and gap j can be similarly depicted.

[0148] When adapter 1 rotates counterclockwise relative to wear-resistant element 2 (e.g., assuming wear-resistant element 2 is driven into the ground, and assuming this rotation of adapter 1 relative to wear-resistant element 2 is for the purpose of moving the bucket), point B1 will move upward to a height j, at which point it will collide with wear-resistant element 2 at point B1j. This upward movement will be along an arc with radius R1 and center C. Furthermore, point A2 will move downward to a height j along an arc with radius R2 and center C until it reaches point A2j. Through symmetry (the supporting surface is symmetric with respect to plane XZ), points B2j and A1j also exist, and point C is known to be located at a point on axis X. Figure 7 These components are shown. Distances A and B are also shown.

[0149] However, according to the present invention, it is meaningful for arc B1CB1j to be equal to arc A2CA2j. These two points will therefore contact each other simultaneously, which will reduce the stress the pin must bear. Therefore, the following equation holds:

[0150]

[0151] The most practical way to solve this equation is through iteration.

[0152] The equation for wear-resistant element 2 can be calculated similarly:

[0153]

[0154] Figure 8 and Figure 9 The wear-resistant element 2 without lugs and another wear-resistant element with lugs are schematically shown respectively. The reaction forces RE1 and RE2 generated when force F is applied to the top of wear-resistant element 2, and their points of application, are also shown.

[0155] In the case where the wear-resistant element 2 has a lug, the positions of points A1, A2, B1, B2, a1, a2, b1, and b2 are: Figure 10 and Figure 11 The position is shown. Applying the same reasoning as that used in the case of wear-resistant components without lugs, the following formula is derived:

[0156] -For adapter 1:

[0157]

[0158] -For wear-resistant components 2 with lugs:

[0159]

[0160] Numerical simulations have been performed on four wear-resistant components, where adapter 1 has different surfaces between the front ends of the upper front support surface and the front ends of the lower front support surface. In each case, the wear-resistant element 2 has an equivalent surface within its cavity 10, and in all cases, the gap j is 0.5 mm, and the applied direct load is 10000 N. The following results were obtained:

[0161] Regular plane ( Figure 12 )

[0162] Pin reaction force in the X direction: 7040N

[0163] Pin reaction force in the Y direction: 12845N

[0164] Total pin reaction force: 14648N

[0165] Reaction force / load: 146%

[0166] Reaction force / load in the X direction: 70%

[0167] Symmetrical tilted front ( Figure 13 )

[0168] Pin reaction force in the X direction: 3127N

[0169] Pin reaction force in the Y direction: 14068N

[0170] Total pin reaction force: 14411N

[0171] Total reaction force / load: 144%

[0172] Reaction force / load in the X direction: 31%

[0173] Circular front ( Figure 14 )

[0174] Pin reaction force in the X direction: 4698N

[0175] Pin reaction force in the Y direction: 12475N

[0176] Total pin reaction force: 13330N

[0177] Reaction force / load: 133%

[0178] Reaction force / load in the X direction: 47%

[0179] The front portion has a hemispherical surface (11, 12) having a center C (coinciding with the center c) and a radius. R1 (equals r1)( Figure 15 )

[0180] Pin reaction force in the X direction: 2362N

[0181] Pin reaction force in the Y direction: 14073N

[0182] Total pin reaction force: 14270N

[0183] Reaction force / load: 143%

[0184] Reaction force / load in the X direction: 24%

[0185] It can be observed that the flat front surface ( Figure 12 The most unfavorable position is the hemispherical front surface (11, 12), which has the minimum reaction force according to the axis X.

[0186] Figure 16 An adapter 1 according to the invention is shown. The areas corresponding to the front upper support surface (which has only one C-shaped surface) and the rear upper support surface (which has two, one on each side of the adapter) are marked with shaded areas. Figure 17 It shows a design suitable for assembly in Figure 16 The wear-resistant element 2 (i.e., tooth) in adapter 1. The front lower support surface and the lower rear support surface of tooth 2 can be observed in the cavity 10 of tooth 2 (also indicated by shading). Figure 17Tooth 2 is a tooth without lugs, and it can be seen that h2 is greater than h1. Similarly, in the adapter, H2 is greater than H1. In adapter 1, a hemispherical surface 11 with a center C and a radius R1 extends between the front end of the upper front support surface and the front end of the lower front support surface. Furthermore, in tooth 2, a hemispherical surface 12 with a center c and a radius r1 extends between the front end of the upper front support surface and the front end of the lower front support surface. The radii R1 and r1 are the same, and when tooth 2 is assembled on adapter 1, the centers C and c coincide, so the two hemispherical surfaces 11 and 12 overlap and coincide with each other. It can also be observed that there is an auxiliary hemispherical surface 13 with a center C in adapter 1 (which has another identical hemispherical surface in the lower part), and an auxiliary hemispherical surface 14 with a center c in the cavity 10 of tooth 2 (which has another identical hemispherical surface in the upper part of the cavity 10). During the rotation of tooth 2, since the two auxiliary hemispherical surfaces 13 and 14 (one of tooth 2 and one of adapter 1 (also called the tooth bar)) are concentric spherical surfaces, the hollow space between them does not increase during the relative motion of one surface with respect to the other, thus the entry of material is constrained / restricted. This has the advantage of stabilizing the removal force pressing on pin 8.

Claims

1. An adapter (1) for supporting a wear-resistant element (2) of the bucket of earthmoving machinery, wherein: - The adapter (1) has a rear portion (4) and a front portion (5), the rear portion being adapted to be fixed to the bucket, and the front portion being adapted to be received within a cavity (10) of the wear-resistant element (2), wherein the adapter (1) defines a longitudinal axis X. - Having at least one pin hole (8) suitable for receiving a pin (3), the pin being adapted to hold the wear-resistant element (2) on the adapter (1), wherein the pin (3) has a predetermined position relative to the pin hole (8) and has a longitudinal axis defining an axis Z. - Wherein, the axis X and the axis Z define a plane XZ and a direction perpendicular to the plane XZ, thereby defining the axis Y, and the axis X and the axis Y define a plane XY. - It has at least one front upper support surface, at least one rear upper support surface, at least one front lower support surface, and at least one rear lower support surface. - The upper support surface and the lower support surface are symmetrical about the plane XZ. - In the longitudinal section based on the XY plane, the following definition applies: Point A1 is the rear end of the line of intersection between the rear upper support surface and the plane XY, or, in the case of more than one rear upper support surface, the point is the projection of the rearmost of all rear upper support surfaces onto the plane XY according to Z. Point A2 is the rear end of the line of intersection between the rear lower support surface and the plane XY, or, in the case of more than one rear lower support surface, the point is the projection of the rearmost of all rear lower support surfaces onto the plane XY according to Z. Point B1 is the front end of the line of intersection between the front upper support surface and the plane XY, or, in the case of more than one front upper support surface, the point is the projection of the frontmost point of all front upper support surfaces onto the plane XY according to Z. Point B2 is the front end of the line of intersection between the front lower support surface and the plane XY, or, in the case of more than one front lower support surface, the point is the projection of the frontmost of all front lower support surfaces onto the plane XY according to Z. - Wherein, there exists a distance H2 in the Y direction between A1 and A2, and a distance H1 in the Y direction between B1 and B2. - Wherein, when the wear-resistant element (2) is assembled on the adapter (1), in the direction of the axis Y, there is a gap with a preset value j between any point among points A1, A2, B1 and B2 and the wear-resistant element (2). - Wherein, there exists a distance D between A1 and B1 in the direction X. Its features are: The axis Z passes through the inside of a circle with radius R and center C arranged in the longitudinal section, wherein the center C is arranged on the axis X. - wherein R2 is a radius with origin in the center C and end in A1, wherein A1j is a point arranged at a distance R2 from the center C and at a distance from the axis X equal to ​ - wherein R1 is a radius with starting point in the center of the circle C and end point in B1, wherein B1j is a point arranged at a distance R1 from the center of the circle C and at a distance from the axis X equal to ​ - Wherein, there exists a distance A between A1 and C in the direction X, and there exists a distance B between B1 and C in the direction X. - and among them, In the case where the adapter (1) is used for a wear-resistant element (2) without lugs: In the case where the adapter (1) is used for a wear-resistant element (2) with lugs: 。 2. The adapter (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that The value of the radius R is less than 10% of the sum of the distances A and B.

3. The adapter (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The hemispherical surface (11) with center C and radius R1 extends between: [a] the front end of the front upper support surface, or, in the case of more than one front upper support surface, the frontmost of all front upper support surfaces; And the front end of the front lower support surface described in [b], or, in the case of more than one front lower support surface, the frontmost end of all front lower support surfaces.

4. The adapter (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The adapter includes at least one upper auxiliary hemispherical surface (13) centered at C and a lower auxiliary hemispherical surface (13) also centered at C.

5. The adapter (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The adapter (1) is used for wear-resistant components (2) without lugs.

6. The adapter (1) according to claim 5, characterized in that H2 is greater than H1.

7. The adapter (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that The value of the radius R is less than 5% of the sum of the distances A and B.

8. A wear-resistant element (2) suitable for assembly on an adapter (1) of a bucket of earthmoving machinery, wherein: - The wear-resistant element (2) has a front portion (7) and a rear portion (6), the front portion being adapted to cut into the soil to be moved, and the rear portion having a cavity (10) adapted to receive the front portion (5) of the adapter (1), wherein the wear-resistant element (2) defines a longitudinal axis X. - It has at least one through hole (9) on one side of the cavity (10), the through hole being adapted to receive a pin (3) adapted to hold the wear-resistant element (2) on the adapter (1), wherein the pin (3) has a predetermined position relative to the through hole (9) and has a longitudinal axis defining an axis Z. - Wherein, the axis X and the axis Z define a plane XZ and a direction perpendicular to the plane XZ, thereby defining the axis Y, and the axis X and the axis Y define a plane XY. - It has at least one front upper support surface, at least one rear upper support surface, at least one front lower support surface and at least one rear lower support surface. - The upper support surface and the lower support surface are symmetrical about the plane XZ. - In the longitudinal section based on the XY plane, the following definition applies: Point a1 is the rear end of the line of intersection between the rear upper support surface and the plane XY, or, in the case of more than one rear upper support surface, the point is the projection of the rearmost of all rear upper support surfaces onto the plane XY according to Z. Point a2 is the rear end of the intersection line between the rear lower support surface and the plane XY, or, in the case of more than one rear lower support surface, this point is the projection of the rearmost of all rear lower support surfaces onto the plane XY according to Z. Point b1 is the front end of the line of intersection between the front upper support surface and the plane XY, or, in the case of more than one front upper support surface, the point is the projection of the frontmost of all front upper support surfaces onto the plane XY according to Z. Point b2 is the front end of the intersection line between the front lower support surface and the plane XY, or, in the case of more than one front lower support surface, the point is the projection of the frontmost point of all front lower support surfaces onto the plane XY according to Z. - Wherein, there exists a distance h2 in the Y direction between a1 and a2, and a distance h1 in the Y direction between b1 and b2. - Wherein, when the wear-resistant element (2) is assembled on the adapter (1), in the direction of the axis Y, there is a gap with a preset value j between any point among points a1, a2, b1 and b2 and the adapter (1). - Wherein, there exists a distance d between a1 and b1 in the direction X. Its features are: The axis Z passes through the inside of a circle with radius r and center c arranged in the longitudinal section, wherein the center c is arranged on the axis X. - Where r2 is the radius starting at the center c and ending at a1, and a1j is the radius of the circle located at a distance r2 from the center c and at a distance equal to the axis X along the direction Y. point, - Where r1 is the radius starting at the center c and ending at b1, and b1j is the radius located at a distance r1 from the center c and at a distance equal to the axis X along the direction Y. point, - Wherein, there exists a distance 'a' between a1 and c in the direction X, and there exists a distance 'b' between b1 and c in the direction X. - and among them, In the case where the wear-resistant element (2) is a wear-resistant element (2) without lugs: In the case where the wear-resistant element (2) is a wear-resistant element (2) with lugs: 。 9. The wear-resistant element (2) according to claim 8, characterized in that, The value of the radius r is less than 10% of the sum of distances a and b.

10. The wear-resistant element (2) according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that, The hemispherical surface (12) with center c and radius r1 extends between: [a] the front end of the front upper support surface, or, in the case of more than one front upper support surface, the frontmost of all front upper support surfaces; And the front end of the front lower support surface described in [b], or, in the case of more than one front lower support surface, the frontmost end of all front lower support surfaces.

11. The wear-resistant element (2) according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that, The wear-resistant element includes at least one upper auxiliary hemispherical surface (14) centered at c and a lower auxiliary hemispherical surface (14) also centered at c.

12. The wear-resistant element (2) according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that, The wear-resistant element is a wear-resistant element without lugs (2).

13. The wear-resistant element (2) according to claim 12, characterized in that, h2 is greater than h1.

14. The wear-resistant element (2) according to claim 9, characterized in that, The value of the radius r is less than 5% of the sum of distances a and b.

15. An assembly formed of an adapter (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 7 and a wear-resistant element (2) according to any one of claims 8 to 14.

16. The component according to claim 15, characterized in that, The value of radius R1 is equal to the value of radius r1.

17. A method for designing an adapter (1) for supporting a wear-resistant element (2) of a bucket of earthmoving machinery, wherein: - The adapter (1) has a rear portion (4) and a front portion (5), the rear portion being adapted to be fixed to the bucket, and the front portion being adapted to be received within a cavity (10) of the wear-resistant element (2), wherein the adapter (1) defines a longitudinal axis X. The method includes the step of positioning at least one pin hole (8) adapted to receive a pin (3) adapted to hold the wear-resistant element (2) on the adapter (1), wherein the pin (3) has a longitudinal axis defining an axis Z. - Wherein, the axis X and the axis Z define a plane XZ and a direction perpendicular to the plane XZ, thereby defining the axis Y, and the axis X and the axis Y define a plane XY. - Wherein, the adapter (1) has at least one front upper support surface, at least one rear upper support surface, at least one front lower support surface and at least one rear lower support surface, Wherein, the upper support surface and the lower support surface are symmetrical about the plane XZ. Its features are: - In the longitudinal section based on the XY plane, the following definition applies: Point A1 is the rear end of the line of intersection between the rear upper support surface and the plane XY, or, in the case of more than one rear upper support surface, the point is the projection of the rearmost of all rear upper support surfaces onto the plane XY according to Z. Point A2 is the rear end of the line of intersection between the rear lower support surface and the plane XY, or, in the case of more than one rear lower support surface, the point is the projection of the rearmost of all rear lower support surfaces onto the plane XY according to Z. Point B1 is the front end of the line of intersection between the front upper support surface and the plane XY, or, in the case of more than one front upper support surface, the point is the projection of the frontmost point of all front upper support surfaces onto the plane XY according to Z. Point B2 is the front end of the line of intersection between the front lower support surface and the plane XY, or, in the case of more than one front lower support surface, the point is the projection of the frontmost of all front lower support surfaces onto the plane XY according to Z. - Wherein, there exists a distance H2 in the Y direction between A1 and A2, and a distance H1 in the Y direction between B1 and B2. - Wherein, when the wear-resistant element (2) is assembled on the adapter (1), in the direction of the axis Y, there is a gap with a preset value j between any point among points A1, A2, B1 and B2 and the wear-resistant element (2). - Wherein, there exists a distance D between A1 and B1 in the direction X. And among them, The axis Z passes through the inside of a circle with radius R and center C arranged in the longitudinal section, wherein the center C is arranged on the axis X. - Where R2 is the radius starting at the center C and ending at A1, and A1j is the radius of the circle located at a distance R2 from the center C and at a distance equal to the axis X along the direction Y. point, - Where R1 is the radius of the circle whose starting point is at the center C and whose ending point is at B1, and B1j is the radius of the circle whose starting point is at a distance R1 from the center C and whose distance from the axis X according to the direction Y is equal to... point, - Wherein, there exists a distance A between A1 and C in the direction X, and there exists a distance B between B1 and C in the direction X. - and among them, In the case where the adapter (1) is used for a wear-resistant element (2) without lugs: In the case where the adapter (1) is used for a wear-resistant element (2) with lugs: 。 18. A method of manufacturing an adapter (1) for supporting a wear-resistant element (2) of a bucket of earthmoving machinery, wherein: - The adapter (1) has a rear portion (4) and a front portion (5), the rear portion being adapted to be fixed to the bucket, and the front portion being adapted to be received within a cavity (10) of the wear-resistant element (2), wherein the adapter (1) defines a longitudinal axis X. The method is characterized by comprising: all the steps of the method for designing an adapter (1) according to claim 17; the step of manufacturing a mold, the mold comprising a geometry adapted to form the pin hole (8), the pin hole being adapted to receive a pin (3), the pin being adapted to hold the wear-resistant element (2) on the adapter (1), wherein the pin (3) has a longitudinal axis defining the axis Z; and the step of pouring molten material into the mold to obtain the adapter (1).

19. A method for designing a wear-resistant element (2), said wear-resistant element being adapted to be assembled on an adapter (1) of a bucket of earthmoving machinery, wherein: - The wear-resistant element (2) has a front portion (7) and a rear portion (6), the front portion being adapted to cut into the soil to be moved, and the rear portion having a cavity (10) adapted to receive the front portion (5) of the adapter (1), wherein the wear-resistant element (2) defines a longitudinal axis X. The method includes the step of positioning at least one through hole (9) on one side of the cavity (10), the through hole being adapted to receive a pin (3) adapted to hold the wear-resistant element (2) on the adapter (1), wherein the pin (3) has a longitudinal axis defining an axis Z. - Wherein, the axis X and the axis Z define a plane XZ and a direction perpendicular to the plane XZ, thereby defining the axis Y, and the axis X and the axis Y define a plane XY. - Wherein, the wear-resistant element (2) has at least one front upper support surface, at least one rear upper support surface, at least one front lower support surface and at least one rear lower support surface, Wherein, the upper support surface and the lower support surface are symmetrical about the plane XZ. Its features are: - In the longitudinal section based on the XY plane, the following definition applies: Point a1 is the rear end of the line of intersection between the rear upper support surface and the plane XY, or, in the case of more than one rear upper support surface, the point is the projection of the rearmost of all rear upper support surfaces onto the plane XY according to Z. Point a2 is the rear end of the intersection line between the rear lower support surface and the plane XY, or, in the case of more than one rear lower support surface, this point is the projection of the rearmost of all rear lower support surfaces onto the plane XY according to Z. Point b1 is the front end of the line of intersection between the front upper support surface and the plane XY, or, in the case of more than one front upper support surface, the point is the projection of the frontmost of all front upper support surfaces onto the plane XY according to Z. Point b2 is the front end of the intersection line between the front lower support surface and the plane XY, or, in the case of more than one front lower support surface, the point is the projection of the frontmost point of all front lower support surfaces onto the plane XY according to Z. - Wherein, there exists a distance h2 in the Y direction between a1 and a2, and a distance h1 in the Y direction between b1 and b2. - Wherein, when the wear-resistant element (2) is assembled on the adapter (1), in the direction of the axis Y, there is a gap with a preset value j between any point among points a1, a2, b1 and b2 and the adapter (1). - Wherein, there exists a distance d between a1 and b1 in the direction X. And among them, The axis Z is positioned to pass through the inside of a circle with radius r and center c arranged in the longitudinal section, wherein the center c is arranged on the axis X. - Where r2 is the radius starting at the center c and ending at a1, and a1j is the radius of the circle located at a distance r2 from the center c and at a distance equal to the axis X along the direction Y. point, - Where r1 is the radius starting at the center c and ending at b1, and b1j is the radius located at a distance r1 from the center c and at a distance equal to the axis X along the direction Y. point, - Wherein, there exists a distance 'a' between a1 and c in the direction X, and there exists a distance 'b' between b1 and c in the direction X. - and among them, In the case where the wear-resistant element (2) is a wear-resistant element (2) without lugs: In the case where the wear-resistant element (2) is a wear-resistant element (2) with lugs: 。 20. A method for manufacturing a wear-resistant element (2), said wear-resistant element being adapted to be assembled on an adapter (1) of a bucket of earthmoving machinery, wherein: - The wear-resistant element (2) is a wear-resistant element (2) without lugs. - The wear-resistant element (2) has a front portion (7) and a rear portion (6), the front portion being adapted to cut into the soil to be moved, and the rear portion having a cavity (10) adapted to receive the front portion (5) of the adapter (1), wherein the wear-resistant element (2) defines a longitudinal axis X. The method is characterized by comprising: all the steps of the method for designing a wear-resistant element (2) according to claim 19; the step of manufacturing a mold, the mold comprising a geometry adapted to form the through hole (9), the through hole being adapted to receive a pin (3), the pin being adapted to hold the wear-resistant element (2) on the adapter (1), wherein the pin (3) has a longitudinal axis defining the axis Z; and the step of pouring molten material into the mold to obtain the wear-resistant element (2).

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