Ballast track sleeper stability monitoring device

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of ballast track sleeper stability monitoring device, including the sleeper body of ballast track, the optical fiber grating sleeper monitoring system being set in sleeper body interior and the external monitoring equipment for analyzing the stability of ballast track;Optical fiber grating sleeper monitoring system includes: optical fiber grating intelligent rib, along sleeper body long axis direction is set in sleeper body interior;Optical fiber grating intelligent sensor, vertically set in sleeper interior and corresponding position of rail pad;Optical fiber grating intelligent rib and optical fiber grating intelligent sensor are connected by optical fiber, and lead to the data transmission connection hole of one side of sleeper body formation, and external monitoring equipment is connected with sleeper body by the plug corresponding to connection hole.This application can analyze the stability of ballast track in time and accurately while reinforcing the crack-prone place in sleeper, and there is no big difference with the original sleeper form, and it will not affect the normal service of sleeper, simple structure, easy to install, high computing efficiency, strong practicality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of intelligent monitoring of railway line status and sleeper health, and in particular to ballasted track stability monitoring technology. Background Technology

[0002] Ballasted track accounts for over 95% of railway structures worldwide, but it requires frequent maintenance. The use of tamping machinery accelerates ballast damage and aging, causing plastic deformation, leading to track bed contamination, reduced support stiffness, decreased longitudinal and lateral resistance, and shortened track bed life. The combined effects of unsupported sleepers, ballast pulverization, and poor drainage result in frost heave, mud pumping, and track bed compaction. These issues of overall and microscopic damage to ballasted track cannot be ignored. However, current technical methods and management regulations rely heavily on engineering experience, with insufficient understanding of the interaction mechanisms and deformation patterns of ballasted track structures. Research on detection and maintenance mechanisms is still immature. Failure to maintain track in a timely manner can lead to track bed instability, seriously affecting traffic safety.

[0003] Seamless tracks offer advantages such as increased ride smoothness, reduced noise, extended track lifespan, and lower maintenance costs by eliminating numerous joints. However, during the hot summer months, particularly in sections with small-radius curves, rail expansion can easily occur due to factors such as rail creep, train dynamic loads, improper handling, and excessive temperature stress on the rails themselves. This can ultimately lead to rail and sleeper runaway, seriously threatening track stability and train safety.

[0004] Ballasted track sleepers are prone to longitudinal and transverse cracks at bolt holes due to train operation and rail creep; train operation can cause cracks at the shoulder corners due to thrust, which then extend outwards; vertical pressure transmitted from the rails and aging of the fastening system can lead to the collapse of the rail bearing platform; positive and negative bending moments can cause cracks in the middle of the sleeper, and other parts can experience compression cracks. These defects are particularly pronounced on high-speed and heavy-haul railways, and in severe cases, they can lead to sleeper failure and even affect the overall integrity of the track. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention addresses the current inability to accurately and timely analyze the stability of ballasted tracks and effectively assess the health of sleepers. It provides a ballasted track sleeper stability monitoring device that combines three-dimensional monitoring of pressure from the rail support, ballast shoulder, and inter-sleeper area. This device monitors the entire process of stress, load-bearing, and force transmission in the ballasted track sleeper, allowing for the study of the interaction mechanism between the train, sleeper, and track bed. It also reinforces weak points in the ballasted track sleeper structure using fiber optic gratings of different sizes. This solves the current problem of inaccurate and timely analysis of ballasted track stability and effective assessment of sleeper health, providing a theoretical basis for the sleeper-track bed interaction mechanism. This device helps reduce the workload of track maintenance personnel, improves inspection quality, and ensures train safety.

[0006] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A ballasted track sleeper stability monitoring device includes: a sleeper body of ballasted track, a fiber optic grating sleeper monitoring system installed inside the sleeper body, and external monitoring equipment for analyzing the stability of ballasted track.

[0008] The fiber optic sleeper monitoring system includes:

[0009] The fiber optic grating smart reinforcement is installed inside the sleeper body along the long axis of the sleeper body.

[0010] The fiber optic grating intelligent sensor is vertically installed inside the sleeper at a position corresponding to the rail support platform.

[0011] The fiber optic smart rib and fiber optic smart sensor are connected by optical fiber and led to one side of the sleeper body to form a data transmission connection hole. The external monitoring device is connected to the sleeper body through a plug corresponding to the connection hole.

[0012] Furthermore, the fiber Bragg grating smart rib and the fiber Bragg grating smart sensor include an optical fiber containing grating sensing points wrapped in FRP material; the grating sensing points include strain measurement points and temperature measurement points.

[0013] Furthermore, the fiber Bragg grating smart ribs include fiber Bragg grating smart long ribs and fiber Bragg grating smart short ribs.

[0014] Furthermore, the fiber optic grating intelligent long rib is provided with one or more ribs, which are arranged inside the sleeper body along the long axis of the sleeper body.

[0015] Furthermore, the fiber optic grating intelligent long ribs are arranged in two sections, respectively located on both sides of the bolt holes in the middle of the long axis of the sleeper body, parallel to the prestressed steel bars.

[0016] Furthermore, temperature measuring points and strain measuring points are respectively arranged on each of the fiber optic grating smart ribs at positions near the rail support platform, the middle of the sleeper body, and both ends of the sleeper body.

[0017] Furthermore, the fiber optic grating intelligent short ribs are provided with one or more, respectively arranged in the shoulder of both sides of the sleeper body.

[0018] Furthermore, the fiber optic grating intelligent short rib is provided in two parts, which are respectively set in the shoulder of both sides of the sleeper body, on the center line of the side.

[0019] The fiber grating smart rib has strain measuring points and temperature measuring points arranged at both ends.

[0020] Furthermore, the fiber Bragg grating smart sensor has strain measuring points and temperature measuring points on the end facing the rail support platform; the fiber Bragg grating sensor also has strain measuring points on the end facing the bottom of the sleeper.

[0021] Furthermore, the external monitoring equipment includes a data acquisition module for acquiring monitoring data from fiber Bragg grating smart ribs and fiber Bragg grating smart sensors via wavelength division multiplexing and time division multiplexing, a data analysis module for processing the data and analyzing the stability of the ballast track sleeper body, a data communication module, and a data transmission module for connecting to the sleeper body.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] This invention provides a stability monitoring device for ballasted track sleepers. Based on the original sleeper structure, fiber optic grating smart ribs are pre-embedded in the middle and shoulder of the sleeper, and fiber optic grating smart sensors are pre-embedded at the sleeper's rail bearing platform, achieving reinforcement of areas prone to cracking within the sleeper. An external monitoring device is designed and connects to the smart sleeper via a plug, making operation simple. It can analyze the combined effects of three pressures on the sleeper: rail bearing platform pressure, ballast shoulder pressure, and inter-sleeper pressure, deriving the entire process of force, load-bearing, and force transmission in ballasted track sleepers, and studying the interaction mechanism between the train, sleeper, and track bed. Simultaneously, the external monitoring device has 5G remote transmission capabilities, allowing data to be remotely sent to the maintenance section's database. While monitoring data, the entire smart sleeper maintains a similar shape to the original sleeper, ensuring uninterrupted service. It features a simple structure, convenient installation, high computational efficiency, and strong practicality. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a ballast track sleeper stability monitoring device provided by the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 A top view of a ballast track sleeper stability monitoring device provided by the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 A front view of a ballasted track sleeper stability monitoring device provided by the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the intelligent long rib of the fiber optic grating provided by the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the intelligent short rib of the fiber optic grating provided by the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fiber Bragg grating smart sensor provided by the present invention;

[0030] In the diagram, 1. Sleeper body; 2. Spiral reinforcement; 3. Fiber Bragg grating intelligent long reinforcement; 4. Fiber Bragg grating intelligent short reinforcement; 5. Fiber Bragg grating intelligent sensor; 6. Strain measuring point; 7. Temperature measuring point; 8. Fiber optic cable; 9. External monitoring equipment. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. These embodiments are based on the technical solution of the present invention and provide detailed implementation methods and specific operating procedures. However, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] See Figures 1 to 6 The present invention provides a stability monitoring device for ballasted track sleepers, comprising a ballasted track sleeper (the example is a type III prestressed concrete sleeper with shoulder) 1, a spiral reinforcement 2, a fiber optic grating intelligent long reinforcement 3, a fiber optic grating intelligent short reinforcement 4, a fiber optic grating intelligent sensor 5, a strain measuring point 6, a temperature measuring point 7, an optical fiber 8, and an external monitoring device 9.

[0034] In the embodiments provided by this invention, fiber Bragg grating FRP-OF smart reinforcement and fiber Bragg grating FRP-OF smart sensor 5 are selected as sensors for monitoring the stability of ballasted track and are pre-embedded in the sleepers 1. The advantages are: they are not affected by the complex chemical reaction environment during concrete hydration; they have good insulation, strong heat resistance, good corrosion resistance, and strong anti-electromagnetic interference capability; the testing accuracy and range of stress, strain, and temperature meet the monitoring requirements under various extreme conditions across China. By replacing or adding reinforcing bars, while providing stronger reinforcement and bonding capabilities, it is also possible to monitor changes in sleeper temperature and strain.

[0035] In the embodiments provided by the present invention, the ballasted track sleeper 1 can be mass-produced and laid in the ballasted track monitoring section. In particular, in order to adapt to the rapid development of high-speed railways and heavy-haul railways, the service status of sleeper 1 on heavy-haul lines and small-radius curves can be explored, and the lack of research on ballasted track in my country, such as track-slab interaction, longitudinal and lateral resistance composition and influencing factors, and the force, load-bearing and force transmission mechanism of sleeper 1, can be solved.

[0036] In the embodiments provided by this invention, the ballasted track sleeper 1 is the new Type II or Type III ballasted track sleeper widely used on the line. This invention takes the Type III prestressed concrete sleeper (with shoulder) as an example. Although other types of sleepers 1 are not mentioned, they are also within the scope of protection of this patent.

[0037] In the embodiments provided by the present invention, the fiber Bragg grating FRP-OF smart ribs are divided into fiber Bragg grating FRP-OF smart long ribs 3 and fiber Bragg grating FRP-OF smart short ribs 4, which are smart ribs with different sizes, different measurement point arrangements, and different functions.

[0038] Furthermore, the fiber optic grating FRP-OF smart ribs 3 and 4 are formed by stretching and extruding fiber bundles impregnated with resin and then thermally curing them with epoxy resin. The optical fiber written into the grating is inserted into the central hole of the combining disk and cured together with the resin along with the fiber bundle.

[0039] Furthermore, the fiber grating FRP-OF smart rib consists of FRP material wrapping the fiber grating sensing points, with multiple grating sensing points on a single fiber. Through fiber grating technology, its resonant wavelength can change with temperature and strain; through Raman time-domain reflectometry, parameter changes can be determined by analyzing the modulation coefficients of scattered light at different frequencies and the measured luminous flux. Combining these two technologies enables simultaneous sensing of multiple physical quantities such as temperature and strain by a single smart rib, and also allows for the differentiation of the values ​​of the two parameters, enabling separate monitoring of temperature and strain.

[0040] Furthermore, when the fiber Bragg grating (FRP-OF) intelligent sleeper monitoring system meets the phase matching condition, the fiber harmonic array wavelength, the grating resonant wavelength offset, and the strain change relationship are calculated using the following formula:

[0041] λ B =2n e T (1)

[0042] Δλ B =2Δn e T+2n e ΔT (2)

[0043]

[0044] In the formula, λB is the resonant wavelength of the fiber grating; ne is the effective refractive index of the fiber grating propagation mode; T is the grating period; ε is the test strain value; λ is the output wavelength; λ0 is the initial wavelength; and Kb is the strain coefficient.

[0045] Furthermore, the fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) is composed of multiple materials such as glass fiber, aramid fiber, carbon fiber and basalt fiber. Replacing traditional steel bars can effectively improve the corrosion resistance of intelligent reinforcing bars and significantly enhance the compressive, tensile and impact resistance of intelligent sleepers.

[0046] Furthermore, in the embodiment provided by the present invention, before the sleeper 1 is poured, two fiber Bragg grating (FRP-OF) smart reinforcing bars 3 are installed into the sleeper template with the reinforcing bars already tied, and are respectively arranged on both sides of the bolt hole in the middle of the long axis inside the sleeper 1, parallel to the adjacent prestressed reinforcing bars. The strain measuring point 6 and temperature measuring point 7 on each fiber Bragg grating (FRP-OF) smart reinforcing bar 3 are respectively arranged directly below the two rail bearing platforms and in the middle of the sleeper, and two additional strain measuring points 6 are arranged at both ends of the sleeper 1.

[0047] Furthermore, the two fiber optic grating FRP-OF smart long ribs 3 have strain measuring points at both ends used to monitor the lateral resistance and force transmission of the sleeper to the ballast track bed during train operation, and to determine its lateral stability state through the formula relating lateral resistance and lateral displacement.

[0048] q=Q / a (4)

[0049] q=q0-αy β +γy 1 / δ (5)

[0050] In the formula, q is the lateral resistance of the track bed; a is the sleeper spacing; q_0 is the initial lateral resistance of the track bed; y is the lateral displacement of the sleepers at each cross-section when the track is curved; α, β, γ, and δ are the lateral distributed resistance coefficients of the track bed, which vary depending on the type of sleeper and the characteristics of the track; and the elastoplastic deformation of the track is then determined by the magnitude of the lateral resistance and the recovery state.

[0051] Furthermore, the two fiber optic grating FRP-OF intelligent long ribs 3, with measuring points directly below the two rail bearing platforms, are used to monitor the longitudinal and vertical resistance and force transmission of the rail during rail creep, verifying the relationship between rail creep and longitudinal resistance, the pressure and force transmission at the sleeper (sleeper box), and the frictional resistance between the sleeper and the ballast side and bottom surfaces. This ensures that the longitudinal deformation of the track is less than the limit, while also monitoring for defects such as sleeper caking, preventing any impact on train operation safety.

[0052] Furthermore, the two fiber optic grating FRP-OF smart long ribs 3 have their support conditions determined by monitoring the positive and negative bending moment values ​​at their central measuring points, preventing excessive negative bending moment in the sleeper cross section, which could lead to sleeper cracks and even failure.

[0053] Furthermore, the two fiber optic grating FRP-OF intelligent long ribs 3 reinforce the parts that may be damaged by the action of the sleeper-ballast and the positive and negative bending moments in the middle of the sleeper, thereby reducing the occurrence and expansion of sleeper body slabs, cracks and other defects, and extending the service life of the sleeper.

[0054] Furthermore, in the embodiment provided by the present invention, before the sleeper 1 is poured, two fiber Bragg grating FRP-OF smart short bars 4 are installed into the sleeper template with the reinforcing bars already tied, and are respectively arranged in the shoulder on both sides of the sleeper 1, on the center line of the side. The strain measuring points 6 on each fiber Bragg grating FRP-OF smart short bar 4 are respectively arranged on the outer side of both ends of the smart short bar 4, and the temperature measuring points 7 are respectively arranged on the inner side of both ends of the smart short bar 4.

[0055] Furthermore, the two fiber Bragg grating FRP-OF smart short ribs 4 have two measuring points near the rail to monitor the impact of train operation and gauge plate-gauge thrust on the sleepers. Combined with strain and temperature changes, they monitor for chipping and cracking at the shoulder.

[0056] Furthermore, the two fiber Bragg grating FRP-OF smart short ribs 4, with two measuring points near the rail, determine the risk of rail bulging by incorporating track frame stiffness and maintenance damage conditions. The track frame stiffness determination is divided into the horizontal stiffness of the two rails in the horizontal plane (EI = 2EI). y I y The moment of inertia of a rail about a numerical axis and the fastening torque between the rail and the sleeper node (M = H·τ) 1 / μ The two aspects (τ is the sleeper rotation angle, and H and μ are the torque coefficients) work together.

[0057] Furthermore, the two fiber optic grating FRP-OF smart short ribs 4 have two measuring points near the ballast shoulder to monitor the lateral resistance and force transmission at the height of the ballast shoulder, ensuring that the depth-to-width ratio of the sliding body at the ballast shoulder resists the lateral resistance to reach the optimal level.

[0058] Furthermore, the two fiber optic grating FRP-OF smart short ribs 4 are intended to reinforce the concrete at the shoulder of the Type III sleeper, preventing damage to the shoulder caused by the baffle seat due to train operation, which could lead to cracks extending outward and causing sleeper failure.

[0059] Furthermore, in the embodiments provided by this invention, before the sleeper 1 is poured, two fiber optic grating-OF smart sensors 5 are installed in the sleeper template with the reinforcing bars already tied, and are respectively arranged vertically below the inner rail support platform of the sleeper 1, between the two spiral reinforcements 2. For the rail support platform of the ballasted track sleeper, these sensors are used to monitor the temperature and strain changes under the train load, analyze the health status of the vertical pressure transmitted by the train load and the rail self-weight, and determine its collapse risk.

[0060] Furthermore, in the embodiments provided by the present invention, after all monitoring and reinforcement sensors 3, 4, and 5 are installed, the fiber optic line 8 leading out of the fiber optic grating FRP-OF smart sensor 5 on one side is connected in series with the short rib 4 inside the shoulder on the same side by means of fusion splicing, and the same applies to the other side; after the fiber optic lines 8 leading out of the two fiber optic grating FRP-OF smart long ribs 3 are connected in series by means of fusion splicing, all the fiber optic lines 8 are then connected in series.

[0061] Furthermore, in the embodiment provided by the present invention, a reserved hole (not shown) is formed on the upper side of the sleeper template. The fiber optic cable 8, which is formed by connecting all monitoring and reinforcement sensors 3, 4, and 5 in series, is connected to the reserved hole to form a quick-pluggable data transmission connection hole. After the sleeper is poured, a ballasted track smart sleeper 1 that can be used normally is formed.

[0062] In the embodiment provided by the present invention, track maintenance personnel insert an external monitoring device 9 into the connection hole of the sleeper 1 to obtain the stability of the ballasted track at that location.

[0063] Furthermore, the intelligent sleeper 1 is pre-embedded in the track sections requiring monitoring by track maintenance personnel, and strain and temperature data at each measuring point are recorded during initial laying. Through service operation, the evolution of the sleeper bearing platform pressure, ballast shoulder pressure, and inter-sleeper pressure data is compared under different track grades, environments, and track conditions. Referring to existing regulations such as allowable deviation management values ​​and dynamic detection values, a constitutive relationship between the rail, sleeper, and track bed is established to optimize the evolution and development patterns of ballasted track and promptly obtain information on the health status of the section.

[0064] Furthermore, in the embodiments provided by this invention, the external monitoring device 9 is a small handheld multi-parameter monitoring device, including functional modules such as data acquisition, data analysis, data transmission, and communication. Through wavelength division multiplexing and time division multiplexing, simultaneous acquisition using multiple technologies is achieved. By acquiring stress, strain, and temperature data from fiber Bragg grating FRP-OF smart ribs 3 and 4 and fiber Bragg grating FRP-OF smart sensor 5, it can automatically detect ambient temperature and humidity, perform processing and calculations, and analyze the stability of the entire ballasted track monitored by the smart sleeper 1. Simultaneously, the external monitoring device 9 has 5G remote transmission capabilities, allowing data to be remotely sent to the maintenance section's database. Its data transmission line has a plug at the top that can be connected to the fast data transmission connection hole in the sleeper, facilitating track maintenance personnel's analysis of the ballasted track stability and providing a theoretical basis for the sleeper-track bed interaction mechanism.

[0065] Specifically, multiple smart sleepers 1 can be installed, and these sleepers 1 are laid sequentially on the monitoring section of the ballasted track. In practical applications, the position and number of smart sleepers 1 can be reasonably set according to the location and range of the section to be monitored. The smart sleepers 1 are laid in the same way as other ordinary sleepers, and are laid sequentially on the ballasted track at equal intervals.

[0066] In summary, the ballasted track sleeper stability monitoring device 1 disclosed in this patent has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0067] The intelligent sleeper 1 is based on the original ballasted track sleeper structure, and a new fiber optic grating FRP-OF intelligent long rib 3 is embedded in it. It is used to monitor the lateral resistance and force transmission of sleeper 1 with the ballast shoulder of the ballasted track bed when the train is running, the pressure and force transmission between sleepers (sleeper box), and the longitudinal resistance and force transmission with the ballasted track bed when the rail is crawling. It also reinforces the possible damage caused by sleeper-ballast action, positive and negative bending moments in the middle of sleeper 1, etc., and analyzes the stress, strain and temperature data at the rail bearing platform, the middle of sleeper 1 and both ends of sleeper.

[0068] The intelligent sleeper 1 is based on the original ballasted track sleeper structure, and a new fiber optic grating FRP-OF intelligent short rib 4 is embedded in it. It is used to monitor the thrust of the sleeper 1 when the train is running and the lateral resistance and force transmission at the height of the ballast shoulder. It aims to strengthen the concrete at the shoulder of the sleeper 1, prevent the damage to the shoulder caused by the baffle seat due to the train running, prevent cracks from being generated and extending outward, and analyze the temperature and stress-strain data at the top corner of the shoulder and both ends of the shoulder.

[0069] Based on the original ballast track sleeper structure, the intelligent sleeper 1 has a newly embedded fiber optic grating FRP-OF intelligent sensor 5, which is used to monitor the temperature and strain changes at the sleeper bearing platform under train load, analyze the health status of the vertical pressure transmitted by train load and rail self-weight, and determine its collapse risk.

[0070] Furthermore, the two fiber Bragg grating (FRP-OF) smart sensors are used to monitor strain changes caused by support reactions at the bottom of the sleepers, identify potential defects such as unsupported sleepers, and promptly notify maintenance and repair personnel.

[0071] The fiber optic grating-OF intelligent sleeper monitoring system connects the fiber optic cable from the fiber optic grating intelligent sensor 5 on one side in series with the short rib 4 inside the shoulder on the same side, and the same applies to the other side; after connecting the fiber optic cables from the two fiber optic grating-OF intelligent long ribs 3 in series, all the fiber optic cables are then connected in series.

[0072] A pre-drilled hole is made on the upper side of the sleeper 1 to prevent wear and damage from ballast during service. All monitoring and reinforcement sensors connected in series, forming an optical fiber cable, are connected to the pre-drilled hole to create a quick-pluggable data transmission connection.

[0073] External monitoring device 9 achieves simultaneous data acquisition using wavelength division multiplexing and time division multiplexing. By acquiring stress, strain, and temperature data from fiber Bragg grating FRP-OF smart ribs 3 and 4 and fiber Bragg grating FRP-OF smart sensor 5, it can also automatically detect ambient temperature and humidity. It can combine and analyze the effects of three pressures on sleeper 1—rail support pressure, ballast shoulder pressure, and inter-sleeper pressure—to derive the entire process of force, load-bearing, and force transmission on sleeper 1 in ballasted track, and study the interaction mechanism between the train, sleeper, and track bed. Simultaneously, external monitoring device 9 has 5G remote transmission capabilities, allowing data to be remotely sent to the engineering section's database.

[0074] While the entire intelligent sleeper 1 is monitoring data, it does not differ much in shape from the original sleeper 1, so it will not affect the normal service of the sleeper.

[0075] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make numerous modifications and variations based on the concept of the present invention without creative effort. Therefore, all technical solutions that can be obtained by those skilled in the art based on the concept of the present invention through logical analysis, reasoning, or limited experimentation on the basis of existing technology should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A stability monitoring device for ballast track sleepers, characterized in that, include: The sleeper body (1) of the ballasted track, the fiber optic grating sleeper monitoring system installed inside the sleeper body (1), and the external monitoring equipment (9) used to analyze the stability of the ballasted track. The fiber optic sleeper monitoring system includes: The fiber optic grating smart rib is arranged inside the sleeper body (1) along the long axis direction. The fiber optic grating smart rib includes a fiber optic grating smart long rib (3) and a fiber optic grating smart short rib (4). The fiber grating smart long rib (3) is provided with one or more, arranged inside the sleeper body (1) along the long axis direction; temperature measuring points (6) and strain measuring points (7) are respectively arranged on the rail support platform near the sleeper body (1), the middle of the sleeper body (1) and both ends of the sleeper body (1). The fiber optic grating intelligent long bar (3) is a measuring point located directly below the rail support platform, used to monitor the longitudinal and vertical resistance and force transmission of the rail and the ballast track bed during rail crawling; The support conditions of the measuring points in the middle of the fiber optic grating intelligent long rib (3) are determined by monitoring the positive and negative bending moment values. The strain measuring points at both ends of the fiber optic grating intelligent long rib (3) are used to monitor the lateral resistance and force transmission of the sleeper to the ballast bed during train operation, and to determine its lateral stability state by the formula of the relationship between lateral resistance and lateral displacement; and to determine the track elastic-plastic deformation by the magnitude of lateral resistance and recovery state. The fiber grating smart short rib (4) has one or more ribs, which are respectively arranged in the shoulder of the sleeper body (1). The strain measuring points (6) on the fiber grating smart short rib (4) are respectively arranged on the outer side of both ends of the smart short rib (4), and the temperature measuring points (7) are respectively arranged on the inner side of both ends of the smart short rib (4). The fiber optic grating intelligent short rib (4) is used to monitor the sleeper under the thrust of train operation and gauge baffle-baffle seat by the measuring point near the rail. By introducing the track frame stiffness and combining the maintenance and repair damage, the risk of track expansion is determined. Among them, the track frame stiffness determination is divided into two aspects: the horizontal stiffness of the two rails in the horizontal plane and the fastener torque between the rail and the sleeper node. The fiber optic grating smart short rib (4) is used to monitor the lateral resistance and force transmission at the height of the ballast shoulder by measuring points near the ballast shoulder. The fiber optic smart sensor (5) is vertically installed inside the sleeper (1) at the position corresponding to the rail support platform, in the middle of the spiral rib (2); the fiber optic smart sensor (5) has a strain measuring point (6) and a temperature measuring point (7) at the end facing the rail support platform; the fiber optic smart sensor (5) has a strain measuring point (6) at the end facing the bottom of the sleeper. The fiber optic grating smart sensor (5) monitors the temperature and strain changes of the sleeper bearing platform under train load on the ballast track; and monitors the strain changes caused by the support reaction force at the bottom of the sleeper. The fiber optic smart rib and the fiber optic smart sensor (5) are connected by optical fiber and led to one side of the sleeper body (1) to form a data transmission connection hole. The external monitoring device (9) is connected to the sleeper body (1) through a plug corresponding to the connection hole.

2. The ballasted track sleeper stability monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fiber grating smart rib and fiber grating smart sensor (5) include an optical fiber containing grating sensing points wrapped in FRP material; the grating sensing points include strain measuring points (6) and temperature measuring points (7).

3. The ballasted track sleeper stability monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Two fiber optic grating smart reinforcing bars (3) are arranged on both sides of the bolt hole in the middle of the long axis of the sleeper body (1), parallel to the prestressed steel bars.

4. The ballasted track sleeper stability monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The external monitoring device (9) includes a data acquisition module for acquiring monitoring data of fiber optic smart ribs and fiber optic smart sensors (5) through wavelength division multiplexing and time division multiplexing, a data analysis module for processing the data and analyzing the stability of the ballast track sleeper body (1), a data communication module, and a data transmission module for connecting to the sleeper body (1).

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