Lenses and methods for influencing myopia progression

Abstract

The subject matter disclosed herein relates to an ophthalmic lens for influencing myopia progression in an eye of an individual having a specific prescription (Rx). In one aspect, the subject matter disclosed herein relates to customization of an optical property profile based on the individual's age and conventional prescription. According to another aspect of the subject matter disclosed herein, a method is provided in which customization is performed, in particular, by correlating conventional prescription with peripheral optical properties at the temporal and / or nasal retina. According to another aspect of the subject matter disclosed herein, an asymmetric myopia control lens with cylindrical customization is provided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to lenses and methods for influencing myopia progression, and more particularly to configuring an ophthalmic lens for influencing myopia progression. Background Art

[0002] The following is a list of references believed to be relevant as background to the subject matter disclosed herein:

[0003] -1. International Publication No. WO 2010 / 103160.

[0004] -2. International Publication No. WO 2017 / 222421.

[0005] -3. International Publication No. WO 2018 / 195600.

[0006] -4. Mutti DO, Hayes JR, Mitchell GL, Jones LA, Moeschberger ML, Cotter SA, Kleinstein RN, Manny RE, Twelker JD, Zadnik K, CLEERE Study Group. "Refractive Error, Axial Length, and Relative Peripheral Refractive Error Before and After the Onset of Myopia". Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 48(6):2510-2509, 2007.

[0007] 5. Bullimore MA, Richdale K. "Myopia Control 2020: Where Are We and Where Are We Heading?" Ophthalmic Physiol Opt; 40(3): 254-270.2020.

[0008] 6. Jiang X, Tarczy-Hornoch K, Cotter SA, et al. Association of Parental Myopia With Higher Risk of Myopia Among Multiethnic Children Before School Age. JAMAOphthalmol. 2020;138(5):501–509. doi:10.1001 / jamaophthalmol.2020.0412.

[0009] -7. Atowa UC, Wajuihian SO, Munsamy AJ. Associations between near work, outdoor activity, parental myopia and myopia among school children in Aba, Nigeria. Int J Ophthalmol 2020;13(2):309-316.

[0010] 8. Tang SM, et al. Independent Influence of Parental Myopia on Childhood Myopia in a DoSE-Related Manner in 2,055 Trios: The Hong Kong Children Eye Study. Am J Ophthalmol 2020;218:199-207.

[0011] 9. Kang P et al. Peripheral Refraction in Different Ethnicities 2010. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Vol. 51, No. 11.

[0012] Acknowledgment herein of the above references should not be inferred as an intention that such references are in any way relevant to the patentability of the presently disclosed subject matter.

[0013] background

[0014] Myopia, also known as nearsightedness, is an eye condition in which light rays from distant objects focus in front of the retina rather than on it. This causes distant objects to appear blurry, while close objects appear normal. Other symptoms can include headaches and eyestrain, while severe myopia increases the risk of retinal detachment, cataracts, and glaucoma. Myopia is the most common eye problem, affecting an estimated 1.5 billion people worldwide (22% of the population).

[0015] The exact underlying mechanism of myopia is still not fully understood, however, in most cases it is caused by elongation of the eyeball or, less commonly, excess optical power of the eye. There is preliminary evidence that allowing young children to spend more time outdoors can reduce the risk of developing myopia.

[0016] The adolescent eye typically develops by the age of 18 to 21, and myopia develops with it. By the time the eye is fully mature, it may become severely myopic and difficult to treat. In addition, high myopia has been shown to be associated with retinal detachment and other serious pathologies. Therefore, according to some estimates, effective preventive measures for myopia and its progression have the potential to improve the vision of 2 billion to 5 billion people worldwide by 2050. Contemporary interventions to prevent the development of myopia in adolescents include pharmaceutical preparations, glasses and contact lenses. However, these treatments are less suitable for preventing the onset of myopia because the onset of myopia often occurs before the minimum recommended age for treatment, the treatments provided can slow the progression of myopia but cannot completely eliminate it, and these treatments can have considerable side effects.

[0017] Broadly speaking, there are two paradigms for using wearable devices to prevent myopia or its progression: 1) orthokeratology reshaping of the cornea, and 2) peripheral defocus / progressive addition / multifocal lenses. Many products are based on these two paradigms or a combination of them. Corneal reshaping can be achieved with rigid contact lenses, while peripheral defocus with multifocal lenses can be achieved with contact lenses or glasses.

[0018] While the theory assumes that the eye does not focus simultaneously across its entire retinal surface, it is believed that the peripheral retina can be out of focus, either underfocused or overfocused, while the central retina, the fovea, is in sharp focus. Based on this premise, it is hypothesized that the introduction of lenses with positive induction power in the periphery will lead to a reduction in the rate of myopia progression. However, the exact details of the required power and its distribution across the visual field remain uncertain and vary with different treatments.

[0019] Spectacles and contact lenses based on these approaches have shown some improvement in preventing myopia in clinical trials. Similarly, orthokeratology should not be considered a first-line strategy given the high risk of infectious keratitis and relatively low individual compliance. Currently, atropine eye drops appear to be the most effective treatment for slowing the progression of myopia, although the exact mechanism and long-term therapeutic effects remain uncertain.

[0020] It is therefore an object of the presently disclosed subject matter to provide an improved technique for the early treatment and / or prevention of myopia and its progression.

[0021] As mentioned above, the presence of myopia indicates that the eye is too long relative to its focal length, causing images of objects far from the eye's optical elements (essentially the cornea and lens) to focus in front of the retina, resulting in unclear projections on the retina, which leads to insufficient vision. Several technologies have been proposed to control the progression of myopia by asymmetrically correcting the refraction of the peripheral retina. These optical devices alter the optical properties of the eye's peripheral retina as a preventative measure for the development of myopia. These types of asymmetrical lenses include a positive power gradient only in the lower nasal quadrant.

[0022] Other approaches have proposed optical elements with a non-axisymmetric refractive profile across their surfaces. These optical elements have a non-axisymmetric central zone with stable distance refraction, surrounded by an annular refractive zone that tapers toward its outer edges on the nasal and temporal sides, a peripheral refractive zone with a stable refraction stronger than the central refraction, and a bottom peripheral connecting zone with multifocality for near work. Refraction decreases monotonically in all directions from the outer boundaries of the annular zone between the outer boundaries of the connecting zones. However, these techniques are based on empirical results and are not tailored to each individual.

[0023] Other technologies propose an ophthalmic lens system for reducing the risk of developing myopia by selectively maintaining, inducing, or generating asymmetry in the peripheral retinal distribution of a specific individual eye. This is achieved by determining the magnitude of asymmetry in the on-axis / off-axis refractive error distribution or eye length distribution of the eye and providing an ophthalmic lens system that corrects and provides acceptable on-axis visual acuity while controlling the position of the off-axis refractive error distribution or eye length distribution such that the resulting distribution of the eye is asymmetric. Summary of the Invention

[0024] It has been found that in many individuals, there are differences in the geometry of the nasal and temporal retinal peripheries, which produce different vision conditions and require different optical corrections (i.e. different powers) for the lens areas corresponding to the nasal and temporal regions (compared to the corresponding retinal areas). More specifically, conventional lens powers are typically powers that provide vision correction to the central area of ​​the retina, while the correction required in the peripheral nasal and temporal regions may be different. This may result in power requirements that are different from the power requirements for the central area. As mentioned above, the technology known in the art provides explicit measurements of the nasal and temporal regions of the retina, which requires complex measurements using expensive and non-standard measurement tools. Therefore, there is a need in the art to provide a novel method that, on the one hand, takes into account the peripheral areas of the retina in addition to the central area, and on the other hand, eliminates the need for additional measurements.

[0025] The inventors have found that the age of an individual and his / her traditional prescription are important factors that are highly correlated with differences in nasal and temporal retinal peripheral vision conditions. According to a broad aspect of the subject matter disclosed herein, an ophthalmic lens is provided for influencing the progression of myopia in an eye of an individual having a specific prescription (Rx). The term "influence" hereinafter refers to slowing the progression of a vision condition and preventing the onset of such a vision condition. In some embodiments, the lens includes an optical property profile that defines (1) a central optical zone that provides optical correction according to the Rx of the eye, and (2) a temporal zone and / or a nasal zone that provides at least one peripheral optical property, the at least one peripheral optical property being configured to focus a distant image in front of the nasal peripheral retina and / or in front of the temporal retina, respectively, wherein the at least one peripheral optical property is determined according to the age of the individual or a correlation between age groups. In this regard, it should be noted that the expression "distant image" refers to an image placed in the far field region of the eye. The term "ophthalmic lens" hereinafter refers to both spectacle lenses and contact lenses. The spectacle prescription (Rx) specified by spherical and cylindrical power and axis can be optimized based on the assumption that vision defects can be approximately corrected by lenses with toroidal surfaces. The new ophthalmic lens incorporates customized peripheral optical properties that are designed to focus distant images in front of the nasal and temporal peripheral retina. The term "optical properties" refers to any optical parameter of a lens, such as optical power, cylindrical (astigmatism) power and axis, or average optical power.

[0026] Thus, the lenses of the presently disclosed subject matter include a central optical zone having an induced optical correction according to a conventional power (Rx) corresponding to the central refractive error of the eye, and temporal and nasal zones having at least one peripheral optical property, the at least one peripheral optical property being determined according to a calculation based on the individual's age and / or conventional power. As described above, this technique requires a traditional eye examination and does not require additional explicit measurements of the peripheral retina. In one aspect, the presently disclosed subject matter relates to the customization of an optical property profile based on the individual's age and conventional power, thereby eliminating the need for peripheral refractive measurements. It should be noted that, as described above, peripheral refractive measurements are typically time consuming and complex measurements that require equipment that is not typically found in standard optometry clinics.

[0027] One object of the disclosed subject matter is to maximize myopic defocus and / or minimize hyperopic defocus of light rays from distant objects toward the eye. The lenses of the disclosed subject matter apply as much myopic defocus as possible by focusing light rays from distant objects in front of the retina. The term "myopic defocus" refers to the optical image formed in front of the retina, and the term "hyperopic defocus" refers to the optical image formed behind the retina.

[0028] In some embodiments, determining a correlation between the age or age group of an individual and at least one peripheral optical characteristic comprises determining at least one change in relative peripheral refraction for horizontal eccentricity along the retinal periphery, including the nasal periphery and / or the temporal periphery of the retina, for different age groups. The nasal peripheral optical characteristic can be determined based on the correlation between the age or age group of the individual and the nasal peripheral optical characteristic.

[0029] According to another aspect of the subject matter of the present disclosure, a method is proposed in which customization is performed, in particular, by correlating between conventional prescription and peripheral optical properties at the temporal and / or nasal retina. This correlation is based on clinical trial results. Based on the clinical trial results, a correlation with age and conventional prescription (Rx) is also implemented as customization. Thus, the temporal peripheral optical properties can be determined by correlating the Rx of the eye with the peripheral optical properties at the temporal retina. The optical properties can be determined using statistical methods based on the age or age group of the individual and / or the Rx of the eye. Additionally or alternatively, the optical property distribution is determined by correlating the Rx of the eye with peripheral optical properties at the nasal or temporal retina, wherein the prescription includes an optical parameter including at least one of spherical power, cylindrical power, lower addition power, cylindrical power, or axis value, and wherein at least one peripheral optical property includes an optical parameter at at least one point on the temporal and / or nasal region, the optical parameter including at least one of spherical value, cylindrical power, or cylindrical axis value.

[0030] In some embodiments, determining the correlation between Rx and peripheral optical properties of the eye comprises determining at least one change in relative peripheral refraction along the temporal periphery of the retina as a function of Rx spherical equivalent.

[0031] According to another aspect of the presently disclosed subject matter, an asymmetric myopia control lens with cylindrical customization is provided. In this embodiment, further customization of the lens is provided based solely on the traditional prescription Rx to optimize the parameters of the lens related to the cylinder. In contrast to myopia control lenses that only involve spherical equivalent power, the lens surface of some embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter is also optimized based on cylindrical power and axis. A clear trend was found in clinical data for cylindrical power offset (i.e., the difference between the cylindrical power at a point on the lens and the central value or traditional prescription cylindrical power) in one or both of the nasal and temporal peripheries, indicating a certain naso-temporal asymmetry (i.e., the difference in these offsets between the nasal and temporal retinal peripheries), for example, the cylindrical power offset was higher in the temporal retina compared to the nasal retina (Wilcoxon test, p<0.05). Another clear trend was found in clinical data for cylindrical axis measurements (absolute) in the retinal periphery, for example, the cylindrical axis converged to approximately 90 degrees, regardless of the central cylindrical axis of traditional prescription. This phenomenon may be related to the growth distribution of the human eye. Thus, the at least one peripheral optical property may include a correction of the axis values ​​such that the axis values ​​converge to approximately 90 degrees at the nasal periphery or the temporal periphery. For example, the axis values ​​may be in the range of approximately 80 degrees to 120 degrees at the nasal periphery and in the range of approximately 60 degrees to 100 degrees at the temporal periphery.

[0032] Lens optimization based on cylinder and axis means that the values ​​of cylinder and axis vary across the surface of the lens and, in the absence of uniformity in these values, provide optimized correction for various defined locations (e.g., nasal and temporal peripheral retina). This precise optical optimization of the entire lens surface is determined based on the spherical and cylindrical powers, as well as the axis along which the horizontal power profile is derived. Precise optimization based on spherical and cylindrical power, as well as the axis, produces a more precise horizontal power profile in the lens, which is expected to lead to a more effective myopia control mechanism and may have a positive impact on compliance.

[0033] According to another broad aspect of the subject matter of the present disclosure, a method is provided, the method comprising obtaining the conventional power (Rx) of at least one eye (i.e., the central refractive error of the eye), obtaining the age of the individual, and determining optical properties of non-central locations on the lens based on the conventional power and / or the age of the individual. The method may also include configuring a lens having optical properties. Determining the optical properties of the lens can be achieved by calculating a horizontal power distribution based on the conventional power and / or the age of the individual. The method may include providing a lens having optical properties. This can be achieved by manufacturing a lens with a calculated horizontal power distribution. Customization of the horizontal power distribution based on age and conventional power (Rx) results in a more effective treatment for slowing the progression of myopia, such that a more precise and customized power distribution is provided for each individual to minimize hyperopic defocus and slow the rate of myopia progression.

[0034] In some embodiments, the method further comprises measuring the power (Rx) of at least one eye.

[0035] In some embodiments, determining the optical properties includes providing optical properties that define (1) a central optical zone that is optically corrected according to the Rx of the eye, and (2) a temporal zone and / or a nasal zone that provides at least one peripheral optical property, the at least one peripheral optical property configured to focus distant images in front of a nasal peripheral retina and / or in front of a temporal peripheral retina, respectively. Determining the optical properties may include correlating the age of the individual with the at least one peripheral optical power. Determining the optical properties may include correlating the Rx of the eye with the peripheral optical properties at the nasal retina or the temporal retina.

[0036] In some embodiments, defining the at least one peripheral optical property includes defining a correction of the axis values ​​such that the axis values ​​converge to approximately 90 degrees at the nasal periphery or the temporal periphery.

[0037] In some embodiments, determining the nasal peripheral optical properties includes correlating the age or age group of the individual with the nasal peripheral optical properties, and determining the temporal peripheral optical properties includes correlating Rx of the eye with the peripheral optical properties at the temporal retina.

[0038] In some embodiments, determining the optical characteristic includes determining a first peripheral lens power for the temporal peripheral zone and a second peripheral lens power for the nasal peripheral zone based on the Rx of the eye, such that the optical characteristic defines an asymmetry of the lens.

[0039] According to another broad aspect of the subject matter of the present disclosure, an ophthalmic lens for influencing myopia progression in an eye of an individual having a specific prescription (Rx) is provided. The lens includes an optical profile defining (1) a central optical zone that is optically corrected according to the Rx of the eye, and (2) a temporal zone and / or a nasal zone that provides at least one peripheral optical property configured to focus distant images in front of the nasal peripheral retina and / or in front of the temporal peripheral retina, respectively. The at least one peripheral optical property is determined by correlating the Rx of the eye with peripheral optical properties at the nasal retina or the temporal retina. The prescription includes optical parameters, the optical parameters of the prescription including at least one of spherical power, cylindrical power, lower addition power, prismatic power, or axis value, and wherein the at least one peripheral optical property includes an optical parameter at at least one point on the temporal zone and / or the nasal zone, the optical parameter of the at least one peripheral optical property including at least one of spherical value, cylindrical power, cylindrical axis.

[0040] In some embodiments, determining a correlation between the Rx of the eye and a peripheral optical property comprises determining at least one change in relative peripheral refraction along the temporal periphery of the retina as a function of the Rx spherical equivalent. The temporal periphery zone may be configured with a first peripheral lens power and the nasal periphery zone may be configured with a second peripheral lens power, the second peripheral lens power being determined based on the Rx of the eye such that the optical property defines an asymmetry across the lens. The at least one peripheral optical property may be determined by a correlation between the age or age group of the individual and the peripheral power. The at least one peripheral optical property may be determined using a statistical method based on the age and / or age group of the individual and / or the Rx of the eye. The at least one peripheral optical property may comprise a correction of the axis values ​​such that the axis values ​​converge to approximately 90 degrees at the nasal periphery or the temporal periphery.

[0041] According to another broad aspect of the presently disclosed subject matter, there is provided a method comprising: obtaining a power for at least one eye, wherein the power comprises optical parameters including at least one of spherical power, cylindrical power, lower addition power, prismatic power, or an axis value; determining at least one peripheral optical property of a lens based on the Rx of the eye, wherein the at least one peripheral optical property comprises at least one optical parameter including at least one of spherical value, cylindrical power, cylindrical axis at at least one point on the temporal region and / or the nasal region, wherein determining the at least one peripheral optical property comprises correlating the Rx of the eye with the peripheral optical properties at the nasal retina or the temporal retina.

[0042] In some embodiments, the method further comprises measuring the power (Rx) of at least one eye.

[0043] In some embodiments, the method further comprises providing a lens having optical properties.

[0044] In some embodiments, the method further comprises determining a correlation between the Rx of the eye and a peripheral optical property, wherein determining the correlation between the Rx of the eye and the peripheral optical property comprises determining at least one change in relative peripheral refraction along the temporal periphery of the retina as a function of the Rx spherical equivalent. Determining the optical property may comprise determining a first lens power for a nasal periphery region based on an age or age group of the individual, and determining a second lens power for a temporal periphery region based on the Rx of the eye. Determining the optical property may comprise using a statistical method based on the age and / or age group of the individual and / or the Rx of the eye. At least one peripheral optical property may comprise a correction of the axis values ​​such that the axis values ​​converge to approximately 90 degrees at the nasal periphery or the temporal periphery.

[0045] According to another broad aspect of the disclosed subject matter, an ophthalmic lens for influencing myopia progression in an eye of an individual having a specific prescription (Rx) is provided. The lens includes optical properties defining (1) a central optical zone that provides optical correction according to the Rx of the eye, and (2) a temporal zone and / or a nasal zone that provides at least one peripheral optical property, the at least one peripheral optical property being configured to focus distant images in front of a nasal peripheral retina and / or in front of a temporal retina, respectively. The at least one peripheral optical property includes a correction of axis values ​​such that the axis values ​​converge to approximately 90 degrees at the nasal periphery or the temporal periphery.

[0046] According to another broad aspect of the presently disclosed subject matter, a method is provided, comprising: obtaining a power (Rx) for at least one eye; and determining at least one optical characteristic of a lens by providing a correction for an axis value such that the axis value converges to approximately 90 degrees at a nasal periphery or a temporal periphery.

[0047] In some embodiments, the method further comprises measuring the power (Rx) of at least one eye.

[0048] In some embodiments, the method further comprises providing a lens having an optical characteristic. The axis value may be in the range of approximately 80 degrees to 120 degrees at the nasal periphery and in the range of approximately 60 degrees to 100 degrees at the temporal periphery.

[0049] In some embodiments, the determining of the optical properties includes providing optical properties that define (1) a central optical zone that is optically corrected according to the eye Rx, and (2) a temporal zone and / or a nasal zone that provides at least one peripheral optical property, the at least one peripheral optical property being configured to focus a distant image in front of the nasal peripheral retina and / or in front of the temporal peripheral retina, respectively.

[0050] According to another broad aspect, the disclosed subject matter provides a processing unit based on machine learning and / or statistics for configuring an appropriate ophthalmic lens power for multiple zones of a lens, including the nasal and temporal retinal peripheries, based on an individual's age, or alternatively, to a conventional (central zone) power of the lens. The processing unit is configured to provide a personalized lens optical property profile. The processing unit includes: a data input utility configured and operable to receive an individual's specific power (Rx) and the individual's age; a memory configured and operable to store a database comprising preselected data indicating peripheral optical properties as a function of the individual's age or age group; a data processing utility configured and operable to associate the individual's age or age group with at least one peripheral optical property; and a data output utility configured and operable to provide a lens optical property profile defining a central optical zone optically corrected for the eye's Rx and a temporal and / or nasal zone providing at least one peripheral optical property, the at least one peripheral optical property configured to focus distant images anterior to the nasal retina and / or on the temporal retina, respectively.

[0051] In some embodiments, the data processing utility is configured and operable to determine at least one change in relative peripheral refraction for horizontal decentration along the retinal periphery, including the nasal periphery or the temporal periphery of the retina, in different age groups. The data processing utility can be configured and operable to correlate the age or age group of an individual with the at least one peripheral optical characteristic through machine learning.

[0052] According to another broad aspect, the disclosed subject matter provides a processing unit for providing a personalized lens optical property profile. The processing unit includes: a data input utility configured and operable to receive an individual's specific power (Rx); a memory configured and operable to store a database comprising preselected data indicating peripheral optical properties as a function of the individual's Rx; a data processing utility adapted and configured and operable to correlate the Rx of an eye with peripheral optical properties at the nasal or temporal retina; and a data output utility configured and operable to provide a lens optical property profile defining a central optical zone that is optically corrected according to the Rx of the eye and a temporal and / or nasal zone that provides at least one peripheral optical property configured to focus distant images in front of the nasal peripheral retina and / or the temporal retina, respectively. The data processing utility can be configured and operable to determine a correlation between the Rx of the eye and the peripheral optical property, wherein determining the correlation between the Rx of the eye and the peripheral optical property includes determining at least one change in relative peripheral refraction along the temporal periphery of the retina as a function of the spherical equivalent power of the Rx.

[0053] In some embodiments, the data processing utility is configured and operable to determine asymmetry across the lens by calculating differences in cylindrical power for horizontal decentrations along the retinal periphery.

[0054] In some embodiments, the data processing utility is configured and operable to correlate differences in cylindrical power for horizontal eccentricity along the periphery of the retina, including the nasal or temporal periphery of the retina, to Rx.

[0055] According to another aspect of the subject matter of the present disclosure, a myopia control ophthalmic lens is provided for influencing the progression of myopia in an eye of an individual having a specific degree (Rx). The degree can be obtained after an eye examination, which can include subjective refraction or objective refraction and can be performed with or without ciliary muscle paralysis. In this regard, it should be noted that the degree can indicate correction of visual impairment and / or planotropia (0 optical power degree), so that the myopia control ophthalmic lens of the subject matter of the present disclosure is configured and operable to influence the progression of myopia in an individual eye, even for a non-myopic eye. The term "influence" hereinafter refers to both slowing the progression of a vision condition and preventing the onset of a vision condition. The myopia control ophthalmic lens can be an ophthalmic lens or a contact lens and is configured to influence the progression of myopia (prevent and minimize). In particular, the myopia control lens can be used to prevent myopia in young hyperopic children at risk of myopia, and to influence the progression of myopia in myopic children of any age. The ophthalmic lens includes an optical property profile defining a central optical zone that provides optical correction according to the power of the eye (Rx) and at least one peripheral zone that provides at least one peripheral optical property configured to focus distant images in front of the peripheral retina, wherein the at least one peripheral optical property is determined by correlating at least one measurable parameter that influences the peripheral refractive power profile with the at least one peripheral optical property. In this regard, it should be noted that conventional lens power is typically a power that provides full hyperopia correction to the central area of ​​the retina. Because myopia control ophthalmic lenses are configured to slow the progression of vision conditions and / or prevent the onset of such vision conditions, particularly in children still undergoing the emmetropization process, the power may indicate no vision correction capability (plano lens), i.e., may not reflect the child's full refractive error at time T at a, but rather may be selected to slow the progression of vision conditions and / or prevent the onset of vision conditions. Therefore, the myopia control lens of the presently disclosed subject matter is configured by taking into account one or more measurable parameters that influence the peripheral refractive power profile. It should be understood that the degree of myopia in children, its rate of development, and its prevalence can be related to various genetic and environmental factors, such as parental myopia, age of myopia onset, race, geographic region of residence, and spending more time indoors (and less time outdoors) each day. For example, the prevalence of myopia is higher in children in East Asia compared to Western countries, higher in urban areas than in rural areas, and higher in children who spend more time indoors than in children who spend more time outdoors. In addition, parental myopia can be considered a risk factor for the development of myopia in children of various races. More specifically, parental myopia can be associated with a greater risk of early-onset myopia in children of Asian, Hispanic, non-Hispanic white, African American, and African descent [6,7].In general, it can be said that children whose parents are both myopic have a higher risk of developing myopia than children whose parents are only myopic, and the degree of parental myopia is also a factor; children whose parents have high myopia (SER < -6.00D) have a higher risk than children whose parents have low myopia [8].

[0056] Thus, at least one measurable parameter includes at least one of the geographic region of life, type of environment (e.g., rural or urban), age of myopia onset, age or age group of the individual, time spent outdoors, parental myopia (e.g., yes / no, one / both parents, degree of myopia), handedness, or race. Children whose parents are myopic tend to exhibit more hyperopic relative peripheral refraction. Additionally, East Asian myopes have a greater degree of relative peripheral hyperopia than Caucasians. Parental myopia can be determined by a plurality of parental parameters, including at least one parent having myopia, at least one parent's level of myopia, at least one parent's specific degree of myopia, or at least one of the overall parental myopia parameters as a ratio parameter of each parental parameter.

[0057] More specifically, the peripheral refractive profile may include a horizontal power profile determined by correlating at least one peripheral optical characteristic with at least one measurable parameter, the at least one measurable parameter comprising the individual's age, degree of myopia, parental myopia, race, geographic region of residence, type of environment, age of myopia onset, handedness, or time spent outdoors.

[0058] In some embodiments, the optical property profile is determined by correlating the Rx of the eye with a peripheral optical property of at least one peripheral zone. The at least one peripheral optical property may include optical parameters at at least one point on the peripheral zone, the optical parameters including spherical value, cylindrical power, and cylindrical axis. The at least one peripheral zone may include a temporal zone and / or a nasal zone providing at least one peripheral optical property configured to focus distant images in front of a nasal peripheral retina and / or in front of a temporal peripheral retina, respectively.

[0059] In some embodiments, the correlation between at least one measurable parameter and at least one peripheral optical characteristic comprises determining, in different measurable parameters, at least one change in the relative peripheral power distribution for horizontal eccentricity along the retinal periphery including the nasal periphery and / or the temporal periphery of the retina.

[0060] In some embodiments, since a child's peripheral refractive profile is related to his / her myopia progression / degree, a myopia control lens based on the peripheral power profile of the presently disclosed subject matter can be configured based on the aforementioned at least one measurable parameter and the degree of myopia. The peripheral power profile of the child's myopia control lens can be determined (e.g., fitted) by considering one or more measurable parameters, thereby enabling a more accurate fitting of the lens power profile of the myopia control / prevention lens.

[0061] For example, preventive lenses may be given to young (e.g., 4 to 6 years old) hyperopic children whose parents are myopic and who are therefore identified as being at high risk for developing myopia, and myopia control lenses may also be given to older children (e.g., 6 to 16 years old).

[0062] According to another aspect of the presently disclosed subject matter, a method is provided, comprising: obtaining a specific power (Rx) of at least one eye; obtaining at least one measurable parameter of the individual; and determining an optical characteristic of a non-central location on a lens based on the Rx of the eye and the measurable parameter of the individual.

[0063] In some embodiments, the method further includes determining parental myopia by identifying a plurality of parental parameters including at least one of at least one parent having myopia, a level of myopia of at least one parent, a specific degree of myopia of at least one parent, or an overall parental myopia parameter that is a ratio parameter of each parental parameter.

[0064] In some embodiments, the method further comprises measuring a specific power (Rx) of at least one eye.

[0065] In some embodiments, the method further comprises providing a lens having optical properties defining a central optical zone that is optically corrected according to the Rx of the eye and at least one peripheral optical zone that provides at least one peripheral optical property configured to focus distant images in front of a peripheral retina. The peripheral optical property comprises a horizontal power profile.

[0066] In some embodiments, determining the optical characteristic comprises correlating at least one measurable parameter with at least one ambient optical parameter.

[0067] In some embodiments, determining the optical characteristics comprises correlating the Rx of the eye to at least one of a peripheral refraction at the peripheral retina. The power comprises optical parameters including spherical power, cylindrical power, axial power, and optionally prismatic power.

[0068] In some embodiments, determining a correlation between at least one measurable parameter and at least one peripheral optical characteristic comprises determining, in different measurable parameters, at least one change in a relative peripheral defocus distribution of horizontal eccentricity along the retinal periphery including a nasal periphery and / or a temporal periphery of the retina.

[0069] According to another aspect of the presently disclosed subject matter, a processing unit for providing a personalized lens optical property profile is provided. The processing unit includes: a data input utility configured and operable to receive a specific power (Rx) of an individual and the age of the individual; a memory configured and operable to store a database comprising preselected data indicating peripheral optical properties as a function of at least one measurable parameter; a data processing utility configured and operable to correlate the at least one measurable parameter with the at least one peripheral optical property; and a data output utility configured and operable to provide a lens optical property profile, the profile defining a central optical zone that is optically corrected according to the Rx of the eye and at least one peripheral zone that provides at least one peripheral optical property, the at least one peripheral optical property configured to focus distant images in front of the peripheral retina.

[0070] In some embodiments, a machine learning algorithm is used to determine the accuracy and significance level of peripheral refractive prediction using the aforementioned measurable parameters. Big data is collected using all measurable parameters (e.g., age, degree of myopia, parental myopia, and ethnicity) and peripheral refractive measurements. This AI model can be based on the collected big data to predict the peripheral power profile that should be induced in the child's myopia control lenses. Thus, the data processing utility can be configured and operable to correlate at least one measurable parameter with at least one peripheral optical characteristic through machine learning.

[0071] In some embodiments, the data processing tool is configured and operable to determine parental myopia by identifying a plurality of parental parameters, the plurality of parental parameters comprising at least one of at least one parent having myopia, a level of myopia of at least one parent, a specific degree of myopia of at least one parent, or an overall parental myopia parameter that is a ratio parameter of each parental parameter.

[0072] In some embodiments, the data processing utility is configured and operable to determine the optical property distribution by correlating the Rx of the eye with peripheral optical properties at at least one peripheral region. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0073] In order to better understand the subject matter disclosed herein and to illustrate how it may be implemented in practice, embodiments will now be described, by way of non-limiting example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0074] Figure 1is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional view of an ophthalmic lens that is the subject of the present disclosure;

[0075] Figure 2 This is a graph of the results of several independent clinical trials conducted on different age groups;

[0076] Figure 3 is a schematic block diagram of a processing unit according to one broad aspect of the presently disclosed subject matter;

[0077] Figures 4A to 4C is a graphical representation of different possible correlations between an individual's age and the down-add optical power in the nasal periphery of the retina according to some teachings of the presently disclosed subject matter;

[0078] Figure 4D is a schematic diagram of horizontal eccentricity involved in the subject matter of the present disclosure;

[0079] Figures 5A to 5C is a graphical representation of possible different correlations between lower add power and Rx spherical equivalent in the temporal periphery of the retina according to some teachings of the presently disclosed subject matter;

[0080] Figures 6A to 6B is a graphical representation showing trends in differences in cylindrical power (relative to the cylindrical power at the center of the lens) along peripheral decentration according to some teachings of the presently disclosed subject matter;

[0081] 7A to 7F is a graphical representation of possible different correlations between differences in cylindrical power and Rx for horizontal eccentricities along the retinal periphery according to some teachings of the presently disclosed subject matter;

[0082] Figure 8 is a schematic flow chart of a method of configuring a lens intended to treat at least one eye of an individual according to one broad aspect of the presently disclosed subject matter;

[0083] Figures 9A to 9B is a graphical representation showing a trend in astigmatism axis values ​​along the peripheral eccentricity of the retina according to some teachings of the presently disclosed subject matter;

[0084] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of an example of cylindrical axis convergence according to some embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter;

[0085] Figure 11 is a schematic flow chart of a method of configuring a lens intended to treat at least one eye of an individual according to another broad aspect of the presently disclosed subject matter;

[0086] 12A to 12C shows three different examples of schematic representations of horizontal power profiles of three different lenses adapted according to the teachings of the presently disclosed subject matter; and

[0087] 13A to 13B Shown are three different examples of schematic representations of the horizontal power profiles of three different lenses adapted according to the teachings of the presently disclosed subject matter. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0088] refer to Figure 1 , a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional view of an ophthalmic lens of the subject matter of the present disclosure is shown. The ophthalmic lens 100 is configured to influence the progression of myopia in an eye of an individual having a specific traditional prescription (Rx). Typically, the prescription Rx includes optical parameters that include at least one of spherical power, cylindrical power, lower addition power, prismatic power, or axis value. An aspheric surface is typically defined by the height or altitude of each point thereon. Other parameters of interest are the maximum and minimum curvatures at each point, or more commonly, their half sum and their difference, which are often referred to as mean sphere and cylinder.

[0089] As used herein, the term "SPH equivalent (SE)" (also referred to as "mean SPH") refers to the average optical power between the ciliary sulcus of maximum power and the ciliary sulcus of minimum power. More specifically, it refers to (the optical power measured in the ciliary sulcus of the eye with less myopia + the optical power measured in the ciliary sulcus of the eye with the highest myopia) / 2, and is defined by the following expression:

[0090]

[0091] The cylinder (Cyl) is defined by the following expression:

[0092]

[0093] where R1 and R2 are the minimum and maximum radii of curvature in meters, and n is the refractive index of the lens material.

[0094] As used herein, the term "steradian power (SPH)" refers to the optical power measured in the ciliary sulcus of the eye where myopia is less pronounced.

[0095] As used herein, the term "cylinder (CYL)" refers to the negative conventional cylinder, which is the optical power measured in the ciliary sulcus where myopia is highest minus the optical power measured in the ciliary sulcus where myopia is lower.

[0096] The term "lower add power" as used herein refers to the positive SPH equivalent (SE) power induced in a specific area of ​​the lens in addition to the distance Rx so as to focus the distance image in front of the corresponding area in the peripheral retina.

[0097] Lens 100 includes an optical property distribution that defines (1) a central optical zone that provides optical correction according to the Rx of the eye, referred to in the figure as optical axis O, and (2) a temporal zone and / or a nasal zone that provides at least one peripheral optical property, referred to in the figure as the temporal and nasal peripheries of the lens, the at least one peripheral optical property being configured to focus distant images in front of the nasal periphery retina and / or in front of the temporal retina, respectively. The at least one peripheral optical property includes optical parameters that include at least one of a spherical value, a cylindrical power, a cylindrical axis at at least one point on the temporal zone and / or the nasal zone. As clearly shown in the figure, lens 100 includes three zones: a central zone, a temporal zone, and a nasal zone. As will be described below with reference to Figure 4D As further explained, the fitting position FP is the point where the user's line of sight intersects the lens surface. Therefore, the term "fitting point" or "fitting position" FP refers to the point on the lens that, when mounted in a spectacle frame, aligns with the center of the individual's pupil in its farsighted position when the individual is looking straight ahead. The temporal and nasal regions surround the central region and are located on the temporal and nasal sides of the lens, respectively. The temporal and nasal regions define the peripheral area of ​​the lens 100. It should be noted that, typically, as shown in the figure, all retinal decentrations are oriented opposite to the lens decentration (because peripheral light rays entering the eye from one side of the lens periphery (e.g., the nasal side) ultimately fall on the opposite side of the retina, in this example, the temporal side). The optical property distribution of the lens 100 is customized for each individual and is based on the individual's prescription and, in some embodiments, the individual's age. As will be described further below, the optical properties of the temporal and nasal regions can be similar, or even identical, thereby providing a symmetrical lens. Alternatively, the optical properties of the temporal and nasal regions can be different, thereby providing an asymmetrical lens. According to one aspect of the presently disclosed subject matter, at least one peripheral optical characteristic is determined based on an age or age group of the individual. According to another aspect of the presently disclosed subject matter, at least one peripheral optical characteristic is determined by correlating a conventional prescription (Rx) with peripheral optical characteristics at the nasal retina or the temporal retina.

[0098] The inventors have conducted extensive research to correlate the specific age (or age group) of an individual with the peripheral refractive distribution. Figure 2 , Figure 2A comparison between several myopia control clinical trials conducted on different age groups is shown. More specifically, the Y axis represents RPR (retinal peripheral refraction), T35 is the spherical equivalent power added measured on the temporal (T) retina when the eye is rotated 35 degrees, T25 is the spherical equivalent power added on the temporal (T) retina when the eye is rotated 25 degrees, T15 is the spherical equivalent power added on the temporal (T) retina when the eye is rotated 15 degrees, central is the spherical equivalent power added on the temporal (T) retina when the eye is central, N35 is the spherical equivalent power added on the nasal (N) retina when the eye is rotated 35 degrees, N25 is the spherical equivalent power added on the nasal (N) retina when the eye is rotated 25 degrees, and N15 is the spherical equivalent power added on the nasal (N) retina when the eye is rotated 15 degrees. These curves show possible correlations between different age groups (i.e., 5-10 years, 8-13 years, 10-15 years) and peripheral refractive power distribution. More specifically, this graphical representation shows the changes in relative peripheral refraction (RPR) along the horizontal eccentricity of the retinal periphery in myopia control clinical trials (including trials conducted by the assignee of the subject matter disclosed in this invention) for different age groups. The relative peripheral refraction (RPR) can be calculated by subtracting the central refraction (spherical equivalent) from each peripheral refraction measurement. As a child with myopia develops, the relative peripheral refraction increases. Older age groups exhibit higher relative peripheral refraction, particularly at the nasal periphery of the lens, and even more so at the farthest nasal periphery. Therefore, statistical methods can be used to determine the optical properties of a lens based on the age or age group of the individual and / or the Rx of the eye. Therefore, correlations can be based on data collected in clinical trials.

[0099] refer to Figure 3, which shows a schematic block diagram of a processing unit according to a broad aspect of the subject matter disclosed herein. Processing unit 300 includes a computer system that includes a data analyzer (i.e., a data processing utility) 306 and is part of a computer network and is connected to the computer network. Processing unit 300 may include a general-purpose computer processor that is programmed in software to perform the functions described below in this document. Unless otherwise stated, it will be apparent from the discussion below that it will be understood that throughout the specification discussion, terms such as "determine," "associate," "compare," "calculate," "process," etc. are used to refer to the actions and / or processes of a computer that manipulates and / or converts data into other data. In addition, operations according to the teachings herein can be performed by a computer specially constructed for the desired purpose, or by a general-purpose computer specially configured for the desired purpose by a computer program stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Processing unit 300 includes a data input utility 302 including a communication module for receiving an individual's specific traditional prescription (Rx) and, optionally, the individual's age; a memory (i.e., a non-volatile computer-readable medium) 304 for storing a database, i.e., preselected data indicating peripheral optical properties as a function of the individual's age or age group; and a data analyzer 306 adapted to correlate the individual's age or age group with at least one peripheral optical property. Memory 304 may be integrated within processing unit 300 or may be an external storage device accessible to processing unit 300. For example, the software may be downloaded to analyzer 306 electronically over a network, or it may alternatively be provided on tangible media, such as optical, magnetic, or electronic storage media.

[0100] In one embodiment, this correlation is performed using machine learning techniques that create a statistical model (e.g., a neural network). As used herein, a "statistical model or method" refers to any learning and / or statistical data structure that establishes or predicts the relationship between two or more data parameters (e.g., input and output). Statistical methods can include statistical regression (e.g., linear, polynomial, exponential), machine learning methods, and the like. Additionally or alternatively, analyzer 306 can be configured as or include a machine learning module 306A, such as a neural network, in which a plurality of categorized prescriptions and peripheral optical properties (e.g., for different ages or age groups) are used in the learning process. This analysis can be based on machine learning techniques. It can be based on comparisons with past analysis results, comparisons with accessible knowledge bases (e.g., prescriptions and peripheral optical properties) available on the internet, and / or user input. The database can be determined from various prescriptions, peripheral optical properties, and optionally, individual ages, and machine learning techniques that utilize analyzed data regarding prescriptions, peripheral optical properties, and optionally, individual ages, and the relationship between them. In this regard, it should be noted that machine learning is a discipline used to generate algorithms for implementing statistical methods on computers. It has close ties with mathematical optimization, which provides methods, theory, and application scope to the field. Machine learning is employed in a range of computational tasks where designing and programming explicit algorithms is impractical. Numerous software tools are used as machine learning tools, including, for example, dlib, ELKI, Encog, H2O, Mahout, mlpy, MLPACK, MOA (Massive Online Analytics), ND4J and Deeplearning4j, NuPIC, OpenCV, OpenNN, Orange, PyMC, R, scikit-learn, scikit-image, Shogun, Torch (Machine Learning), Spark, Yooreeka, Weka, KNIME, RapidMiner, Amazon Machine Learning, Angoss Knowledge Studio, Databricks, IBM SPSS Modeler, KXEN Modeler, Lion Solver, Mathematica, MATLAB, Microsoft Azure Machine Learning, Neural Designer, NeuroSolutions, Oracle Data Mining, RCASE, SAS Enterprise Miner, STATISTICA Data Mining, and TensorFlow.

[0101] The processing may utilize cluster analysis, machine learning tools, or any other technique for correlating and identifying relationships between power and peripheral optical properties, and optionally individual age and user-related parameters, to identify specific peripheral optical properties configured to focus distant images on the nasal peripheral retina and / or the temporal retina, respectively. The processing unit 300 may include an output utility 308 configured and operable to output a specific lens profile.

[0102] Processing unit 300 comprises at least one computer entity linked to a server via a network, wherein the network is configured to receive and respond to requests sent over the network and, in response to the requests, transmit one or more modules of computer-executable program instructions and displayable data to a network-connected user computer platform, wherein the modules include a module configured to receive and transmit optical property information and transmit lens profile recommendations based on calculated correlations for display by the network-connected user computer platform. The disclosed subject matter may include computer program instructions stored in a local memory that, when executed by processing unit 300, cause processing unit 300 to receive individual prescription data and / or age data and determine at least one optical property of a lens. The computer program product may be stored on a tangible, computer-readable medium comprising a library of software modules that cause a computer executing the software modules to be prompted with information related to optical lens profile recommendations and to store such information or display the optical lens profile recommendations. The computer program may be stored in memory 304 of processing unit 300 or on a removable storage medium adapted to cooperate with a reader of processing unit 300, comprising instructions for implementing the methods described below. More specifically, the computer program may communicate with the interface to receive degree data and / or may provide control points (ie, target values) for different locations along the horizontal eccentricity.

[0103] According to some embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter, at least one peripheral optical characteristic is determined by correlating the age or age group of the individual with the at least one peripheral optical characteristic. This can be achieved by determining at least one change in relative peripheral refraction along the horizontal eccentricity of the retinal periphery, including the nasal periphery and / or the temporal periphery of the retina, in different age groups. Figures 4A to 4C , Figures 4A to 4C A possible correlation between an individual's age and the down-add power in the nasal periphery of the retina is shown. Figure 2 As shown, this correlation can be determined by analyzing the changes in relative peripheral refraction along the retinal periphery at horizontal eccentricity in a controlled clinical trial of myopia in different age groups. More specifically, in one example, Figure 4AShown is the change in relative peripheral refraction in the nasal 10-15° periphery of the retina as a function of age. In this example, a correlation of moderate strength (R=0.16) was statistically significant (p<0.05).

[0104] refer to Figure 4B , Figure 4B The possible correlation of the same along another horizontal eccentricity is shown. More specifically, Figure 4B The change in relative peripheral refraction of the nasal 20-25° periphery of the retina as a function of age is shown. In this example, the correlation is statistically significant (p<0.0001) at low strength (R=0.31). As myopic children develop, relative peripheral refraction increases.

[0105] refer to Figure 4C , Figure 4C A possible correlation along another horizontal eccentricity is shown. More specifically, Figure 4C The change in relative peripheral refraction at the nasal 30-35 periphery of the retina as a function of age is shown. In this example, the correlation is statistically significant (p<0.0001) at low strength (R=0.34). As myopic children develop, relative peripheral refraction increases.

[0106] Tables 1 and 2 below show the Figures 4A to 4C More specifically, Tables 1 and 2 show different correlations between the nasal retina (i.e., the temporal periphery of the lens) and the light add distribution (in Diopters, D) at different levels of periphery for three age groups:

[0107] Age group / retinal eccentricity 10-15° 20-25° 30-35° 6 to 9 years old 0.10-0.5 0.25-1.25 0.50-2.00 10 to 12 years old 0.10-0.75 0.50-1.75 0.75-3.00 13 to 16 years old 0.25-1.00 1.00-2.50 2.00-4.00

[0108] Table 1

[0109] Age group / retinal eccentricity 10-15° 20-25° 30-35° 6 to 9 years old 0.10-0.75 0.50-1.50 0.75-2.50 10 to 12 years old 0.10-1.00 0.75-2.00 1.25-3.50 13 to 16 years old 0.25-1.5 1.25-3.00 2.50-5.00

[0110] Table 2

[0111] As mentioned above, Figure 4DThe fitting position FP is shown as the intersection of the user's line of sight and the lens surface 500. Thus, the term "fitting point" or "fitting position" FP refers to a point on the surface of a lens mounted in an eyeglass frame that aligns with the center of the individual's pupil in its farsighted position when the individual is looking straight ahead. For example, each of the temporal region 510 and the nasal region 520 can be defined as starting at a horizontal distance in the range of approximately 3 to 15 degrees (i.e., approximately 1.5 to 8 mm) from the FP on the lens surface 500 on the temporal and nasal sides of the lens surface 500, respectively, and ending at a horizontal distance in the range of approximately 20 to 40 degrees (i.e., approximately 10 to 20 mm) from the FP or at the edge of the frame on each side. The temporal region 510 and the nasal region 520 can vary vertically from -3°≤y≤+3° (i.e., approximately -1.5 mm≤y≤+1.5 mm) to -20°≤y≤+20° (i.e., approximately -10 mm≤y≤+10 mm). In a specific non-limiting example, horizontal decentration can refer to vertical values ​​within the range of -10°≤y≤+10° (i.e., approximately -5 mm≤y≤+5 mm). For example, as shown, nasal 10-15° refers to all areas between these four coordinates.

[0112] According to another broad aspect of the presently disclosed subject matter, an optical property profile of a lens is determined by correlating the Rx of the eye with peripheral optical properties at the nasal or temporal retina. This can be accomplished by determining at least one change in relative peripheral refraction along the temporal periphery of the retina as a function of the spherical equivalent power of Rx. Figures 5A to 5C , Figures 5A to 5C The possible correlation between the peripheral add power (ie relative PR) and the Rx (central) spherical equivalent power (SE OD (right eye)) in the temporal periphery of the retina is shown. More specifically, Figure 5A A sample measurement of relative peripheral refractive change in the temporal 10-15° periphery of the retina as a function of Rx spherical equivalent power is shown. In this sample, there is a weak trend but no statistically significant correlation.

[0113] refer to Figure 5B , Figure 5B A possible correlation along another horizontal eccentricity is shown. More specifically, Figure 5B The change in relative peripheral refraction in the temporal 20-25° periphery of the retina is shown as a function of Rx spherical equivalent. In this sample, the correlation was statistically significant (p<0.05) at low power (R=-0.34). Children with higher myopia tended to have higher relative peripheral refraction. Figure 5C , Figure 5C A possible correlation along another horizontal eccentricity is shown. More specifically, Figure 5CThe change in relative peripheral refraction at the temporal 30-35° periphery of the retina is shown as a function of Rx spherical equivalent power. In this sample, the correlation was statistically significant (p < 0.05) at low power (R = -0.35). Children with higher myopia tended to have higher relative peripheral refraction.

[0114] Table 3 below shows the Figures 5A to 5C More specifically, Table 3 shows the different correlations between the addition profiles at different levels of periphery at the temporal retina (i.e., the nasal periphery of the lens) and for two Rx spherical equivalent (SE) groups:

[0115]

[0116] Table 3

[0117] Tables 4A and 4B below show specific but non-limiting examples of peripheral light addition distribution (in diopters D) at the temporal periphery of the lens (i.e., corresponding to the nasal retina) and at different levels of peripheral light at the nasal periphery of the lens (i.e., corresponding to the temporal retina) in combination with age group, Rx, and Asian ethnicity.

[0118]

[0119] Table 4A

[0120]

[0121]

[0122] Table 4B

[0123] In some embodiments, in contrast to other myopia control lens solutions, optical optimization of the lens surface can also be achieved based on astigmatism, not just spherical equivalent power. Optimization of the peripheral region results in more precise optical optimization of the entire lens surface, which can be determined based on spherical and cylindrical power, as well as along the axis of the horizontal power profile. Precise optimization based on spherical and cylindrical power produces a more precise horizontal power profile in the lens, which is expected to result in a more effective myopia control mechanism and potentially have a positive impact on compliance. The horizontal power profile refers to the horizontal direction plus or minus 30 degrees. The inventors discovered that lens optimization based on astigmatism was possible due to clear trends in clinical data showing that the cylindrical power in each peripheral direction varies relative to the central cylindrical power. They also found clear trends in clinical data measuring the cylindrical axis in the periphery of the retina, such as the cylindrical axis converging to approximately 90 degrees, regardless of the central cylindrical axis for traditional prescriptions.

[0124] The trend of change in astigmatism in each periphery relative to the center discovered by the inventors also indicates a specific nasal-temporal asymmetry. A higher relative cylindrical power was found in the temporal retina compared to the nasal retina (Wilcoxon test, p<0.05). Therefore, the lens can have a specific cylindrical power distribution that has a customized horizontal asymmetry across the lens. Horizontal asymmetry is related to the different optical properties (e.g., positive power) of the nasal and temporal regions compared to the nasal region. Asymmetry across the lens can be achieved by calculating the difference in cylindrical power for horizontal eccentricity along the periphery of the retina and associating the difference in cylindrical power for horizontal eccentricity along the periphery of the retina (including the nasal or temporal periphery of the retina) with Rx.

[0125] refer to Figures 6A to 6B , Figures 6A to 6B The trend of the difference in cylindrical power (relative to the cylindrical power at the center of the lens) along the peripheral decentration is shown. More specifically, Figure 6A Trends in differences in cylindrical power (relative to central CYL) are shown for horizontal eccentricities along the retinal periphery. More distal eccentricities demonstrate higher differences (more negative values) in the CYL, and, more specifically, temporal eccentricities demonstrate higher differences in the CYL compared to the nasal portion. Figure 6B The trend of cylindrical power along the horizontal eccentricity of the retinal periphery is shown. More distal eccentricities indicate stronger (more negative) CYL values, and more specifically, temporal eccentricities indicate stronger CYL values ​​compared to nasal.

[0126] refer to 7A to 7F , 7A to 7F The figures show the correlation between the difference in cylindrical power and Rx along the retinal periphery (including the nasal or temporal periphery of the retina) at horizontal eccentricity. More specifically, these figures show the correlation between the change in peripheral cylindrical power (Cyl) and the cylindrical power in degrees (Rx Cyl). Lower Rx Cyl powers indicate a more negative difference in Cyl (meaning that the measured Cyl is higher (more negative)). Figure 7A A trend is shown for the difference in Cyl in the retinal periphery (vs. the center) at 15° temporal as a function of RxCyl. The correlation was statistically significant (p<0.05) at a moderate strength (R=-0.63). Figure 7B A trend is shown for differences in Cyl in the retinal periphery (vs. the center) at 25° temporal as a function of Rx Cyl. The correlation was statistically significant (p<0.05) at a moderate strength (R=-0.58). Figure 7CA trend is shown for differences in Cyl in the retinal periphery (vs. the center) at 35° temporal as a function of Rx Cyl. The correlation was statistically significant (p<0.05) at a moderate strength (R=-0.61). Figure 7D A trend is shown for the difference in Cyl in the nasal 15° retinal periphery (relative to the center) as a function of Rx Cyl. The correlation was statistically significant (p<0.05) at moderate strength (R=-0.63). Figure 7E A trend is shown for the difference in Cyl in the nasal 25° retinal periphery (relative to the center) as a function of Rx Cyl. The correlation was statistically significant (p<0.05) at moderate strength (R=-0.67). Figure 7F A trend is shown for differences in Cyl in the nasal 35° retinal periphery (vs. center) as a function of Rx Cyl. The correlation was statistically significant (p<0.05) at moderate strength (R=-0.61a).

[0127] Tables 5A and 5B below show the 7A to 7F Specific but non-limiting examples of possible lens profiles for examples of . More specifically, Table 5A shows different correlations between differences in cylindrical power for horizontal decentration along the temporal retinal periphery and different values ​​of Rx Cyl, while Table 5B shows different correlations between differences in cylindrical power for horizontal decentration along the nasal periphery and different values ​​of Rx Cyl.

[0128]

[0129] Table 5A

[0130]

[0131] Table 5B

[0132] In some embodiments, further customization of the lens can be provided to optimize lens parameters related to cylinder based solely on the individual's age and / or conventional prescription (Rx). The diopter power incorporated at the lens periphery can be the lower add distribution and astigmatism (diopter and axis) according to the calculated values ​​(based on the input parameters - age and Rx using statistical methods). Alternatively, the diopter power incorporated at the lens periphery can be the lower add distribution, and the astigmatism (diopter and axis) can be different (i.e., more / less astigmatism power) than the calculated values ​​(based on the input parameters - age and / or Rx using statistical methods).

[0133] In some embodiments, the lens power incorporated in the temporal periphery of the lens is configured based on the age of the individual, while the lens power incorporated in the nasal periphery of the lens is configured based on the Rx. Alternatively, the nasal peripheral optical properties can be determined by correlating the age or age group of the individual with the nasal peripheral optical properties, and the temporal peripheral optical properties can be determined by correlating the Rx of the eye with the peripheral optical properties at the temporal retina. The temporal peripheral zone can be configured with a first peripheral lens power, while the nasal peripheral zone can be configured with a second peripheral lens power determined based on the Rx of the eye, such that the optical properties define asymmetry across the lens.

[0134] According to a broad aspect of the presently disclosed subject matter, there is provided a method of configuring a lens intended to treat at least one eye of an individual. Figure 8 , the main steps of the method 800 of the subject matter disclosed in the present invention are illustrated by a flowchart. The method 800 includes obtaining the power (Rx) of at least one eye and optionally obtaining the age of the individual, and determining the optical properties of the lens (e.g., peripheral properties) in 802 based on the Rx of the eye and optionally based on the age of the individual. In some embodiments, determining the optical properties includes associating the age of the individual with at least one peripheral optical power in 804. Alternatively or additionally, determining the optical properties includes associating the Rx of the eye with at least one peripheral optical property at the nasal retina or the temporal retina in 806. The correlation analysis may include a comparison between the received data and reference data. The reference data may be based on correlations of default values ​​of measurements displayed by machine learning / statistics. The reference data may be used to generate data defining the optical surface geometry of the lens. The optical surface geometry may be used to manufacture the lens and provide it to the customer. As described above with respect to Figure 3 As described, the method may include, after the lens distribution has been provided, executing a machine learning program in 814, wherein the lens distribution is stored as reference data to be associated with future measurement data. The reference data may also be individual. Optionally, method 800 may include storing the reference data in 816. All data may be saved to a database. As shown in 814, the method may include using a machine learning algorithm that is trained using a training data set including a large number of individuals. The database may be determined using the analyzed data using various machine learning techniques. Machine learning techniques may be used to determine correlations in order to establish accurate correlations. When used in an industrial environment, machine learning methods may be referred to as predictive analysis or predictive modeling. Additionally or alternatively, artificial intelligence (AI) techniques may be used to detect alternative behaviors or events indicative of visual impairment.

[0135] Alternatively, or in addition to the related techniques defined above, determining the optical properties may include determining the optical properties of the lens in 808 by providing a correction to the axis values ​​such that the axis values ​​converge to approximately 90 degrees at the nasal periphery or the temporal periphery. This technique will be described below with reference to Figures 9A to 9B Described in further detail.

[0136] In some embodiments, method 800 includes an initial step of measuring the power (Rx) of at least one eye in 810 and / or providing surface data in 812 (e.g., the geometry of the posterior lens surface and the anterior lens surface and any other data required for manufacturing, including lens parameters, such as: blank characteristics, minimum thickness (central and peripheral), traditional measurement points of the lens, such as FP, PRP (prism reference point), etc.) to generate the lens or a final step of providing a lens with optical characteristics directly (after step 810) or indirectly (after step 812) in 814.

[0137] According to another broad aspect of the subject matter disclosed herein, a technique is provided for influencing the progression of myopia in an eye of an individual having a particular power (Rx) by limiting the tendency of the axis of astigmatism to be along a peripheral decentration of the retina. It has been found that at least one peripheral decentration includes a correction of the axis values ​​such that the axis values ​​converge to approximately 90 degrees at the nasal or temporal periphery. For example, the axis values ​​may be in the range of approximately 80 degrees to 120 degrees at the nasal periphery and in the range of approximately 60 degrees to 100 degrees at the temporal periphery. Reference Figures 9A to 9B , Figures 9A to 9B 1 shows the trend of axis values ​​along the peripheral eccentricity of the retina discovered by the inventors of the presently disclosed subject matter. More specifically, Figure 9A The following diagram shows the trends of the axes measured at the temporal retina compared to the Rx axes. The left plot shows a sample distribution of Rx axes, from which it can be seen that most of the measured axes are close to 0 / 180 degrees. The other three plots show axes located at the temporal periphery of the lens (from left to right: T15, T25, T35), which are increasingly close to 80-90 degrees. Figure 9B The trend of the axis measured at the nasal retina compared to the Rx axis is shown. The left distribution plot shows a sample distribution of the Rx axis, from which it can be seen that most of the measured axes are close to 0 / 180 degrees. The other three distribution plots show the axes located at the nasal periphery of the lens (from left to right: N15, N25, N35), which are increasingly close to 100 degrees.

[0138] Table 6 below shows the Figures 9A to 9B More specifically, Table 6 shows suggested cylinder axis values ​​at different peripheral eccentricities (temporal and nasal) of the retina:

[0139] Temporal 10-15° Temporal 20-25° Temporal 30-35° Nose 10-15° Nose 20-25° Nose 30-35° Rx axis 60-100° 60-100° Rx axis 80-120° 80-120°

[0140] Table 6

[0141] refer to Figure 10 , Figure 10 A specific and non-limiting example of a lens where the axis of the horizontal peripheral power profile converges to a specific orientation (i.e., 100° at the far temporal periphery of the lens and 90° at the far nasal periphery of the lens) is shown. In this specific and non-limiting example, as shown in region 10A, the axis of the temporal peripheral power profile gradually converges from approximately 180° around the FP along the horizontal ciliary sulcus toward the far temporal periphery, and reaches approximately 100° when moving from 10° to 30°. In region 10B, the axis of the nasal peripheral power profile converges from approximately 180° around the FP along the horizontal ciliary sulcus toward the far nasal periphery, and reaches approximately 90° when moving from 10° to 30°.

[0142] According to a broad aspect of the presently disclosed subject matter, there is provided a method of configuring a lens intended to treat at least one eye of an individual. Figure 11 , illustrating the main steps of method 900 of the presently disclosed subject matter by way of a flowchart. Method 900 includes obtaining a power (Rx) of at least one eye and at least one measurable parameter of an individual (such as the individual's age); and determining, in 902, optical properties of a non-central location on a lens based on the Rx of the eye and the measurable parameter of the individual. The at least one measurable parameter may include at least one of a geographic region of residence, type of environment, age of myopia onset, time spent outdoors, parental myopia, age of the individual, handedness, or ethnicity. Determining the optical properties in 902 may include providing optical properties that define a central optical zone that is optically corrected based on the Rx of the eye and at least one peripheral zone that provides at least one peripheral optical property, the at least one peripheral optical property being configured to focus distant images in front of a peripheral retina. The peripheral optical properties may include a horizontal power profile.

[0143] Determining the optical characteristic in 902 may include correlating the at least one measurable parameter with the at least one peripheral optical parameter in 904. Determining the correlation between the at least one measurable parameter and the at least one peripheral optical characteristic in 904 may include determining at least one change in a relative peripheral defocus distribution of horizontal eccentricity along the retinal periphery including a nasal periphery and / or a temporal periphery of the retina among different measurable parameters.

[0144] Additionally or alternatively, determining the optical property in 902 may include correlating the Rx of the eye with at least one of a peripheral refraction at the peripheral retina in 906. The at least one peripheral zone may include a temporal zone and / or a nasal zone such that at least one peripheral optical property is provided, the at least one peripheral optical property being configured to focus a distant image in front of the nasal peripheral retina and / or the temporal peripheral retina, respectively.

[0145] The correlation analysis may include a comparison between at least one measurable parameter and at least one ambient optical characteristic. Figure 8 As described, the method may include, after the peripheral optical properties have been provided, executing a machine learning program at 914, wherein the peripheral optical properties of the lens associated with the particular measurable parameter are stored as reference data for association with future measurement data. Optionally, method 900 may include storing the reference data at 916. All data may be saved to a database.

[0146] In some embodiments, method 900 includes an initial step 910 of measuring the power (Rx) of at least one eye and / or a final step 908 of providing a lens having optical properties. Additionally or alternatively, method 900 may include an initial step of determining a measurable parameter of the individual at 912. For example, one of the measurable parameters that may be determined may be parental myopia. Parental myopia may be determined by identifying a plurality of parental parameters, including at least one of the presence of myopia in at least one parent, a level of myopia in at least one parent, a specific degree of myopia in at least one parent, or an overall parental myopia parameter that is a ratio parameter of each parental parameter.

[0147] According to another aspect of the presently disclosed subject matter, at least one myopia control lens is provided that is configured for each individual using at least one measurable parameter. The myopia control lens can be configured after collecting one or more measurable parameters that can determine a horizontal power profile. Alternatively, a set of myopia control lenses can be initially configured based on a set of predefined parameters, and an appropriate myopia control lens can be selected from the set of preconfigured myopia control lenses by considering, for example, the age, prescription (Rx), and parental myopia status of each specific individual. For example, if the parental myopia status is missing from the set of predefined parameters, the parental myopia can be determined to be "moderate" as a default value, as described further below.

[0148] In one embodiment, the parental myopia parameter is determined by taking into account the presence of at least one parental myopia, and / or a scale of an overall parental myopia parameter defined as follows:

[0149] “Low”: neither parent is myopic; “Medium”: one parent is myopic; and “High”: both parents are myopic.

[0150] In one embodiment, the parental myopia parameter is determined by taking into account the myopia level of at least one parent (assessed by no myopia / low myopia (up to about -3D) / moderate myopia (about -3D to -6D) / high myopia (above about -6D)) and / or the scale of the overall parental myopia parameter defined in Table 7 below, as follows:

[0151] Mother\Father Low medium high Low Low Low medium medium Low medium high high medium high high

[0152] Table 7

[0153] In one embodiment, the parental myopia parameter is determined by considering the amount of myopia of at least one parent (e.g., spherical equivalent value or spherical power <= 0D) and the overall parental myopia parameter. In this case, the overall parental myopia parameter is a numerical value representing a calculation that takes into account the spherical equivalent value or spherical power (value <= 0D) of at least one parent. For example, the overall parental myopia parameter of both parents can be classified from "low" to "high".

[0154] In one embodiment, the parental myopia parameter affects only the temporal periphery of the lens. The "higher" the parental myopia parameter, the higher (more positive) the spherical plane (SPH) power is, or the SPH equivalent power is located at the temporal periphery of the lens power distribution in at least one decentration.

[0155] In one embodiment, the parental myopia parameter affects only the nasal periphery of the lens. The "higher" the parental myopia parameter, the higher the SPH power (more positive value), or the SPH equivalent power is at the nasal periphery of the lens power distribution in at least one decentration.

[0156] In one embodiment, the parental myopia parameter affects both the temporal and nasal peripheries of the lens. The "higher" the parental myopia parameter, the higher (more positive) the SPH power or SPH equivalent power at the temporal and nasal peripheries of the lens' power profile in at least one decentration in each portion (nasal / temporal).

[0157] In one embodiment, the ethnicity parameter affects only the temporal periphery of the lens. In Asian ethnicity, the SPH power or SPH equivalent power is higher only at the temporal periphery of the lens power distribution in at least one decentration than in Caucasians.

[0158] In one embodiment, the ethnicity parameter affects only the nasal periphery of the lens. For example, in Asians, the SPH power or SPH equivalent power is higher only at the nasal periphery of the lens power distribution in at least one decentration than in Caucasians.

[0159] In one embodiment, the ethnicity parameter affects both the temporal and nasal peripheries of the lens. For example, in Asian ethnicity, the SPH power or SPH equivalent power at the temporal and nasal peripheries of the power distribution of the lens in at least one decentration in each portion (i.e., nasal / temporal) is higher than in Caucasians.

[0160] Tables 8 to 9 below show specific but non-limiting examples of different levels of peripheral light addition distribution (in Diopters D) at the temporal periphery of the lens (i.e. corresponding to the nasal retina) in combination with four age groups Rx, Asian ethnicity, and parental myopia:

[0161]

[0162]

[0163] Table 8

[0164]

[0165]

[0166] Table 9

[0167] Tables 10-11 below show specific but non-limiting examples of different levels of peripheral add distribution (in Diopters D) at the nasal periphery of the lens (i.e., corresponding to the temporal retina) in combination with Rx, parental myopia, and Asian ethnicity.

[0168]

[0169]

[0170] Table 10

[0171]

[0172] Table 11

[0173] Table 12 below shows specific non-limiting examples of different levels of peripheral sub-add distribution (in Diopters D) at the temporal periphery of a lens in combination with age, Caucasian ethnicity, and parental myopia:

[0174]

[0175]

[0176] Table 12

[0177] Table 13 below shows specific but non-limiting examples of different levels of peripheral sub-addition distribution (in Diopters D) at the nasal periphery of a lens for combinations of Rx, parental myopia, and Caucasian ethnicity:

[0178]

[0179]

[0180] Table 13

[0181] The inventors have discovered that being right-handed or left-handed can also influence the peripheral refractive profile and at least one peripheral optical property of the right and / or left lens, respectively. It appears that an individual's handedness can influence their positioning relative to the content being read, resulting in a specific distance between a particular eye (corresponding to their dominant hand) and the content being read. Table 14 below shows specific and non-limiting examples of different levels of peripheral add distribution (in Diopters, D) at the temporal periphery (i.e., corresponding to the nasal retina) of the lens for each eye (RE, LE) for combinations of age, Asian ethnicity, and right-handedness.

[0182]

[0183] Table 14

[0184] Tables 15A-15B below show specific but non-limiting examples of different levels of peripheral light addition distribution (in Diopters D) at the temporal periphery of the lens (Table 15A, i.e. corresponding to the nasal retina) and at the nasal periphery of the lens (Table 15B, i.e. corresponding to the temporal retina) that can be achieved in children's lenses with different baseline parameters involving a combination of multiple measurable parameters, namely race, age, refractive error and parental myopia.

[0185]

[0186] Table 15A

[0187]

[0188]

[0189] Table 15B

[0190] Figure 3 The processing unit may also be configured and operable to determine the optical properties of non-central locations on the lens based on the Rx of the eye and the individual measurable parameters. In this case, Figure 3The memory 304 is configured and operable to store a database comprising preselected data indicating peripheral optical properties as a function of at least one measurable parameter, the data analyzer 306 is configured and operable to correlate the at least one measurable parameter with the at least one peripheral optical property, and the data output tool 308 is configured and operable to provide a lens optical property profile defining a central optical zone that is optically corrected according to the Rx of the eye and at least one peripheral zone that provides at least one peripheral optical property, the at least one peripheral optical property being configured to focus distant images in front of the peripheral retina. As described above with respect to Figure 11 As stated, Figure 3 The data analyzer 306 may be configured and operable to correlate at least one measurable parameter with at least one ambient optical characteristic through machine learning.

[0191] Figure 3 The data analyzer 306 may also be configured and operable to determine parental myopia by identifying a plurality of parental parameters, the plurality of parental parameters including at least one of the presence of myopia in at least one parent, a level of myopia in at least one parent, a specific degree of myopia in at least one parent, or an overall parental myopia parameter that is a ratio parameter of each parental parameter, as described above with reference to Figure 11 As stated. Figure 3 The data analyzer 306 may also be configured and operable to determine an optical property distribution by correlating the Rx of the eye with peripheral optical properties of at least one peripheral region, as described above with respect to Figure 11 described.

[0192] refer to 12A to 12C , 12A to 12C Schematic diagrams showing the horizontal power distribution of three different lenses fitted according to Examples A, B and C of Tables 15A and 15B above, respectively. Negative values ​​represent the temporal periphery of the lens, while positive values ​​represent the nasal periphery of the lens.

[0193] Tables 16A-16B below show specific but non-limiting examples of different levels of peripheral light addition distribution (in Diopters D) at the temporal periphery of the lens (Table 16A, i.e., corresponding to the nasal retina) and at the nasal periphery of the lens (Table 16B, i.e., corresponding to the temporal retina) that may be achieved in pediatric lenses having different baseline parameters associated with a combination of measurable parameters including only age and refractive error.

[0194]

[0195] Table 16A

[0196]

[0197] Table 16B

[0198] refer to 13A to 13B , 13A to 13B Schematic diagrams showing the horizontal power distribution of three different lenses fitted according to Examples A, B and C of Tables 16A to 16B above, respectively. Negative values ​​represent the temporal periphery of the lens, while positive values ​​represent the nasal periphery of the lens.

[0199] Example

[0200] 1. An ophthalmic lens for influencing myopia progression in an eye of an individual having a specific prescription (Rx), the lens comprising an optical property profile defining (1) a central optical zone for optical correction according to the Rx of the eye, and (2) a temporal zone and / or a nasal zone providing at least one peripheral optical property, the at least one peripheral optical property being configured to focus distant images in front of a nasal peripheral retina and / or on a temporal peripheral retina, respectively, wherein the at least one peripheral optical property is determined by correlating the age or age group of the individual with the at least one peripheral optical property.

[0201] 2. A lens according to embodiment 1, wherein determining the correlation between the individual's age or age group and at least one peripheral optical characteristic includes determining at least one change in relative peripheral refraction of horizontal decentration along the retinal periphery including the nasal periphery and / or the temporal periphery of the retina in different age groups.

[0202] 3. The lens according to embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the nasal peripheral optical properties are determined by correlating the age or age group of the individual with the nasal peripheral optical properties, and the temporal peripheral optical properties are determined by correlating the Rx of the eye with the peripheral optical properties at the temporal retina.

[0203] 4. The lens according to any one of embodiments 1 to 3, wherein the optical properties are determined using statistical methods based on at least one of the individual's age, age group, or Rx of the eye.

[0204] 5. The lens of any one of embodiments 1 to 4, wherein the optical property profile is determined by correlating the Rx of the eye with peripheral optical properties at the nasal retina or the temporal retina, wherein the power comprises optical parameters, the optical parameters of the power comprise at least one of spherical power, cylindrical power, lower add power, cylindrical power, or axis value, and wherein at least one peripheral optical property comprises optical parameters at at least one point on the temporal region and / or the nasal region, the optical parameters of at least one peripheral optical property comprise at least one of spherical value, cylindrical power, cylindrical axis.

[0205] 6. The lens of embodiment 5, wherein determining the correlation between Rx and peripheral optical properties of the eye comprises determining at least one change in relative peripheral refraction along the temporal periphery of the retina as a function of Rx spherical equivalent.

[0206] 7. The lens of embodiment 5 or 6, wherein the at least one peripheral optical property comprises a correction to the axis values ​​such that the axis values ​​converge to approximately 90 degrees at the nasal periphery or the temporal periphery.

[0207] 8. The lens of embodiment 7, wherein the axis value is in the range of approximately 80 degrees to 120 degrees at the nasal periphery and in the range of approximately 60 degrees to 100 degrees at the temporal periphery.

[0208] 9. The lens of any one of embodiments 1 to 8, wherein the temporal peripheral zone is configured with a first peripheral lens power and the nasal peripheral zone is configured with a second peripheral lens power, the second peripheral lens power being determined according to the Rx of the eye such that the optical properties define asymmetry across the lens.

[0209] 10. A method comprising: obtaining a prescription (Rx) of at least one eye; obtaining an age of an individual; and determining an optical property of a non-central location on a lens based on the Rx of the eye and the age of the individual.

[0210] 11. The method of embodiment 10, further comprising measuring the power (Rx) of at least one eye.

[0211] 12. The method of embodiment 10 or 11, further comprising providing a lens having optical properties.

[0212] 13. The method of any one of embodiments 10 to 12, wherein determining the optical properties comprises providing optical properties that define (1) a central optical zone that is optically corrected according to the Rx of the eye, and (2) a temporal zone and / or a nasal zone that provides at least one peripheral optical property, the at least one peripheral optical property being configured to focus a distant image in front of the nasal peripheral retina and / or on the temporal peripheral retina, respectively.

[0213] 14. The method of any one of embodiments 10 to 13, wherein determining the optical characteristic comprises correlating the age of the individual with at least one peripheral optical characteristic.

[0214] 15. A method according to embodiment 14, wherein correlating the age of an individual with at least one peripheral optical characteristic includes determining at least one change in relative peripheral refraction of horizontal eccentricity along the retinal periphery including the nasal periphery or the temporal periphery of the retina in different age groups.

[0215] 16. The method of any one of embodiments 10 to 15, wherein determining the optical characteristic comprises using statistical methods based on the age of the individual and / or the Rx of the eye.

[0216] 17. The method of any one of embodiments 13 to 16, wherein determining the optical characteristic comprises associating the Rx of the eye with at least one peripheral optical characteristic at the nasal retina or the temporal retina, wherein the power comprises optical parameters, the optical parameters of the power comprise at least one of spherical power, cylindrical power, lower addition power, prismatic power, or axis value, and wherein the at least one peripheral optical characteristic comprises optical parameters at at least one point on the temporal region and / or the nasal region, the optical parameters of the at least one peripheral optical characteristic comprise at least one of spherical value, cylindrical power, cylindrical axis.

[0217] 18. The method of embodiment 17, wherein defining at least one peripheral optical characteristic comprises defining a correction to the axis values ​​such that the axis values ​​converge to approximately 90 degrees at the nasal periphery or the temporal periphery.

[0218] 19. The method of embodiment 18, wherein the axis value is in the range of approximately 80 degrees to 120 degrees at the nasal periphery and in the range of approximately 60 degrees to 100 degrees at the temporal periphery.

[0219] 20. The method of any one of embodiments 13 to 19, wherein determining the nasal peripheral optical characteristics comprises correlating the age or age group of the individual with the nasal peripheral optical characteristics, and determining the temporal peripheral optical characteristics comprises correlating the Rx of the eye with the peripheral optical characteristics at the temporal retina.

[0220] 21. The method of any one of embodiments 10 to 20, wherein determining the optical characteristics comprises determining a first lens power for a temporal region and a second lens power for a nasal region based on an Rx of the eye, such that the optical characteristics define asymmetry across the lenses.

[0221] 22. An ophthalmic lens for influencing myopia progression in an eye of an individual having a specific power (Rx), the lens comprising an optical profile defining (1) a central optical zone for optical correction according to the Rx of the eye, and (2) a temporal zone and / or a nasal zone providing at least one peripheral optical property, the at least one peripheral optical property being configured to focus distant images in front of a nasal peripheral retina and / or on a temporal peripheral retina, respectively, wherein the at least one peripheral optical property is determined by at least one of associating at least one parameter with the peripheral optical property or determining a correction of an axis value of the at least one peripheral optical property such that the axis value converges to approximately 90 degrees at the nasal periphery or the temporal periphery.

[0222] 23. The lens of embodiment 22, wherein the at least one parameter comprises at least one of the age of the individual, the age group, the Rx of the eye, or at least one measurable parameter affecting the peripheral refractive profile.

[0223] 24. The lens of embodiment 22 or 23, wherein the power comprises optical parameters, the optical parameters of the power comprising at least one of spherical power, cylindrical power, lower addition power, prismatic power, or axis value, and wherein at least one peripheral optical characteristic comprises optical parameters at at least one point on the temporal region and / or the nasal region, the optical parameters of at least one peripheral optical characteristic comprising at least one of spherical value, cylindrical power, cylindrical axis.

[0224] 25. A lens according to embodiment 23 or 24, wherein determining the correlation between the Rx and peripheral optical properties of the eye includes determining at least one change in relative peripheral refraction along the temporal periphery of the retina as a function of the Rx spherical equivalent.

[0225] 26. The lens of any one of embodiments 22 to 25, wherein the temporal region is configured to have a first peripheral lens power and the nasal region is configured to have a second peripheral lens power, the second peripheral lens power being determined according to the Rx of the eye such that the optical properties define an asymmetry across the lens.

[0226] 27. The lens according to any one of embodiments 22 to 26, wherein at least one peripheral optical property is determined by correlating the age or age group of the individual with the peripheral optical power.

[0227] 28. The lens of any one of embodiments 22 to 27, wherein at least one peripheral optical property is determined using a statistical method based on at least one of the individual's age, age group, or Rx of the eye.

[0228] 29. The lens of any one of embodiments 22 to 28, wherein the axis value is in the range of approximately 80 degrees to 120 degrees at the nasal periphery and in the range of approximately 60 degrees to 100 degrees at the temporal periphery.

[0229] 30. A method comprising: obtaining a prescription for at least one eye, wherein the prescription comprises optical parameters, the optical parameters of the prescription comprising at least one of spherical power, cylindrical power, lower addition power, prismatic power, or axis value; determining at least one peripheral optical property of a lens based on the Rx of the eye, wherein the at least one peripheral optical property comprises at least one optical parameter comprising at least one of spherical value, cylindrical power, cylindrical axis at at least one point on a temporal region and / or a nasal region, wherein determining the at least one peripheral optical property comprises correlating the Rx of the eye with the peripheral optical property at a nasal retina or a temporal retina.

[0230] 31. The method of embodiment 30, further comprising measuring the power (Rx) of at least one eye.

[0231] 32. The method of embodiment 30 or embodiment 31, further comprising providing a lens having optical properties.

[0232] 33. A lens according to any one of embodiments 30 to 32, wherein determining the correlation between Rx and peripheral optical properties of the eye includes determining at least one change in relative peripheral refraction along the temporal periphery of the retina as a function of Rx spherical equivalent power.

[0233] 34. The method of any one of embodiments 30 to 33, wherein determining the optical characteristics comprises determining a first lens power for a temporal region based on an age or age group of the individual, and determining a second lens power for a nasal region based on an Rx of the eye.

[0234] 35. The method of any one of embodiments 30 to 34, wherein determining the optical property comprises using statistical methods based on the age or age group of the individual and / or the Rx of the eye.

[0235] 36. The lens of any one of embodiments 30 to 35, wherein the at least one peripheral optical property comprises a correction of the axis values ​​such that the axis values ​​converge to approximately 90 degrees at the nasal periphery or the temporal periphery.

[0236] 37. The method of embodiment 36, wherein the axis value is in the range of approximately 80 degrees to 120 degrees at the nasal periphery and in the range of approximately 60 degrees to 100 degrees at the temporal periphery.

[0237] 38. An ophthalmic lens for influencing myopia progression in an eye of an individual having a specific prescription (Rx), the lens comprising optical properties defining (1) a central optical zone for optical correction according to the Rx of the eye, and (2) a temporal zone and / or a nasal zone providing at least one peripheral optical property, the at least one peripheral optical property being configured to focus distant images in front of a nasal peripheral retina and / or on a temporal retina, respectively, wherein the at least one peripheral optical property comprises a correction of axis values ​​such that the axis values ​​converge to approximately 90 degrees at the nasal periphery or the temporal periphery.

[0238] 39. The lens of embodiment 38, wherein the axis value is in the range of approximately 80 degrees to 120 degrees at the nasal periphery and in the range of approximately 60 degrees to 100 degrees at the temporal periphery.

[0239] 40. A method comprising: obtaining a power (Rx) for at least one eye; and determining at least one optical characteristic of a lens by providing a correction of axis values ​​so that the axis values ​​converge to approximately 90 degrees at a nasal periphery or a temporal periphery.

[0240] 41. The method of embodiment 40, further comprising measuring the power (Rx) of at least one eye.

[0241] 42. The method of embodiment 40 or embodiment 41, further comprising providing a lens having optical properties.

[0242] 43. The method of any one of embodiments 40 to 42, wherein the axis value is in the range of approximately 80 degrees to 120 degrees at the nasal periphery and in the range of approximately 60 degrees to 100 degrees at the temporal periphery.

[0243] 44. The method of any one of embodiments 40 to 43, wherein determining the optical properties comprises providing optical properties defining (1) a central optical zone for optical correction according to the Rx of the eye, and (2) a temporal and / or nasal zone providing at least one peripheral optical property, the at least one peripheral optical property being configured to focus a distant image in front of the nasal peripheral retina and / or on the temporal peripheral retina, respectively.

[0244] 45. A processing unit for providing a personalized lens optical property distribution, the processing unit comprising: a data input utility configured and operable to receive a specific power (Rx) of an individual and the age of the individual; a memory configured and operable to store a database comprising preselected data indicating peripheral optical properties as a function of the age or age group of the individual; a data processing utility configured and operable to associate the age or age group of the individual with at least one peripheral optical property; and a data output utility configured and operable to provide a lens optical property distribution, the lens optical property distribution defining a central optical zone for optical correction according to the Rx of the eye and a temporal zone and / or nasal zone providing at least one peripheral optical property, the at least one peripheral optical property being configured to focus distant images in front of the nasal peripheral retina and / or on the temporal retina, respectively.

[0245] 46. ​​A processing unit according to embodiment 45, wherein the data processing utility is configured and operable to determine at least one change in relative peripheral refraction of horizontal eccentricity along the periphery of the retina including the nasal periphery or the temporal periphery of the retina in different age groups.

[0246] 47. The processing unit of embodiment 45 or 46, wherein the data processing utility is configured and operable to correlate the age or age group of the individual with at least one peripheral optical characteristic by machine learning.

[0247] 48. A processing unit for providing a personalized lens optical property distribution, the processing unit comprising: a data input utility configured and operable to receive a specific power (Rx) of an individual; a memory configured and operable to store a database comprising preselected data indicating peripheral optical properties as a function of Rx; a data processing utility adapted and configured and operable to correlate the Rx of an eye with peripheral optical properties at the nasal retina or the temporal retina; and a data output utility configured and operable to provide a lens optical property distribution, the lens optical property distribution defining a central optical zone optically corrected according to the Rx of the eye and a temporal zone and / or nasal zone providing at least one peripheral optical property, the at least one peripheral optical property being configured to focus distant images in front of the nasal peripheral retina and / or on the temporal peripheral retina, respectively.

[0248] 49. The processing unit of embodiment 48, wherein the data processing utility is configured and operable to determine a correlation between Rx and peripheral optical properties of an eye, and which includes determining at least one change in relative peripheral refraction along the temporal periphery of the retina as a function of Rx spherical equivalent power.

[0249] 50. The processing unit of embodiment 48 or 49, wherein the data processing utility is configured and operable to determine asymmetry across the lens by calculating the difference in cylindrical power for horizontal decentration along the periphery of the retina.

[0250] 51. The processing unit of embodiment 50, wherein the data processing utility is configured and operable to correlate differences in cylindrical power for horizontal eccentricity along the periphery of the retina including the nasal periphery or the temporal periphery of the retina to Rx.

[0251] 52. An ophthalmic lens for influencing myopia progression in an eye of an individual having a specific power (Rx), the ophthalmic lens comprising an optical property profile defining a central optical zone for optical correction according to the Rx of the eye and at least one peripheral zone providing at least one peripheral optical property, the at least one peripheral optical property being configured to focus distant images in front of a peripheral retina, wherein the at least one peripheral optical property is determined by correlating at least one measurable parameter that influences the peripheral refractive profile with the at least one peripheral optical property.

[0252] 53. The lens of embodiment 52, wherein the at least one measurable parameter comprises at least one of geographic region of life, type of environment, age of myopia onset, time spent outdoors, parental myopia, age, handedness, or race of the individual.

[0253] 54. A lens according to embodiment 53, wherein parental myopia is determined by multiple parental parameters, the multiple parental parameters including at least one parent having myopia, the level of myopia of at least one parent, a specific degree of myopia of at least one parent, or at least one of an overall parental myopia parameter that is a ratio parameter of each parental parameter.

[0254] 55. The lens of any one of embodiments 52 to 54, wherein the peripheral optical properties include a horizontal power profile.

[0255] 56. A lens according to any one of embodiments 52 to 55, wherein the optical property distribution is determined by correlating Rx of the eye with peripheral optical properties of at least one peripheral zone, wherein Rx includes optical parameters, the optical parameters of Rx include spherical optical power, cylindrical optical power, axis and optionally include prismatic optical power, and wherein at least one peripheral optical property includes optical parameters at at least one point on the peripheral area, the optical parameters of at least one peripheral optical property include spherical value, cylindrical optical power and cylindrical axis.

[0256] 57. A lens according to any one of embodiments 52 to 56, wherein at least one peripheral zone includes a temporal zone and / or a nasal zone providing at least one peripheral optical property, and the at least one peripheral optical property is configured to focus a distant image in front of the nasal peripheral retina and / or in front of the temporal peripheral retina, respectively.

[0257] 58. A lens according to any of embodiments 52 to 57, wherein the correlation between at least one measurable parameter and at least one peripheral optical characteristic comprises determining at least one change in the relative peripheral power distribution for horizontal eccentricity along the retinal periphery including the nasal periphery and / or the temporal periphery of the retina for different measurable parameters.

[0258] 59. A method comprising: obtaining a specific power (Rx) of at least one eye; obtaining at least one measurable parameter of the individual; and determining optical properties of a non-central location on a lens based on the Rx of the eye and the measurable parameter of the individual.

[0259] 60. The method of embodiment 59, wherein the at least one measurable parameter comprises at least one of geographic region of life, type of environment, age of myopia onset, time spent outdoors, parental myopia, age of the individual, handedness, or ethnicity.

[0260] 61. The method according to embodiment 60 also includes determining parental myopia by identifying multiple parental parameters, the multiple parental parameters including at least one parent having myopia, the myopia level of at least one parent, the specific degree of myopia of at least one parent, or at least one of the overall parental myopia parameters as a ratio parameter of each parental parameter.

[0261] 62. The method of embodiment 61 further comprises measuring a specific power (Rx) of at least one eye.

[0262] 63. The method of any one of embodiments 59 to 62, further comprising providing a lens having optical properties.

[0263] 64. The method of any one of embodiments 59 to 63, wherein determining the optical properties comprises providing optical properties that define a central optical zone that is optically corrected according to the Rx of the eye and at least one peripheral zone that provides at least one peripheral optical property, the at least one peripheral optical property being configured to focus distant images in front of the peripheral retina.

[0264] 65. The method of embodiment 64, wherein the peripheral optical properties include a horizontal power distribution.

[0265] 66. The method of embodiment 64 or embodiment 65, wherein determining the optical property comprises correlating at least one measurable parameter with at least one peripheral optical property.

[0266] 67. The method of embodiment 66, wherein determining the optical properties comprises associating Rx of the eye with at least one of the peripheral refractions at the peripheral retina, wherein Rx comprises optical parameters, the optical parameters of Rx comprising spherical power, cylindrical power, an axis and optionally prismatic power, and wherein at least one peripheral optical property comprises optical parameters at at least one point on at least one peripheral region, the optical parameters of at least one peripheral optical property comprising a spherical value, cylindrical power and a cylindrical axis.

[0267] 68. The method of any one of embodiments 64 to 67, wherein at least one peripheral zone comprises a temporal zone and / or a nasal zone providing at least one peripheral optical characteristic, the at least one peripheral optical characteristic being configured to focus a distant image in front of the nasal peripheral retina and / or on the temporal peripheral retina, respectively.

[0268] 69. The method of any one of embodiments 66 to 68, wherein determining a correlation between at least one measurable parameter and at least one peripheral optical characteristic comprises determining at least one change in the relative peripheral defocus distribution of horizontal eccentricity along the periphery of the retina including the nasal periphery and / or the temporal periphery of the retina for different measurable parameters.

[0269] 70. A processing unit for providing a personalized lens optical property distribution, the processing unit comprising: a data input utility configured and operable to receive a specific power (Rx) of an individual and the age of the individual; a memory configured and operable to store a database comprising preselected data indicating peripheral optical properties as a function of at least one measurable parameter; a data processing utility configured and operable to associate at least one measurable parameter with at least one peripheral optical property; and a data output utility configured and operable to provide a lens optical property distribution, the distribution defining a central optical zone for optical correction according to the Rx of the eye and at least one peripheral zone for providing at least one peripheral optical property, the at least one peripheral optical property being configured to focus distant images in front of the peripheral retina.

[0270] 71. The processing unit of embodiment 70, wherein the data processing utility is configured and operable to correlate at least one measurable parameter with at least one ambient optical characteristic via machine learning.

[0271] 72. The processing unit of embodiment 70 or embodiment 71, wherein the at least one measurable parameter comprises at least one of geographic region of life, type of environment, age of myopia onset, time spent outdoors, parental myopia, handedness, or ethnicity.

[0272] 73. A processing unit according to embodiment 72, wherein the data processing utility is configured and operable to determine parental myopia by identifying multiple parental parameters, the multiple parental parameters including at least one of at least one parent having myopia, a level of myopia of at least one parent, a specific degree of myopia of at least one parent, or an overall parental myopia parameter that is a ratio parameter of each parental parameter.

[0273] 74. The processing unit of any one of embodiments 70 to 73, wherein the peripheral optical properties include a horizontal power distribution.

[0274] 75. The processing unit of any one of embodiments 70 to 74, further comprising determining an optical property distribution by correlating Rx of the eye with peripheral optical properties at at least one peripheral region, wherein Rx comprises optical parameters, the optical parameters of Rx comprise spherical power, cylindrical power, an axis and optionally prismatic power, and wherein at least one peripheral optical property comprises optical parameters at at least one point on the peripheral region, the optical parameters of at least one peripheral optical property comprise a spherical value, cylindrical power and a cylindrical axis.

[0275] 76. The processing unit of any one of embodiments 70 to 75, wherein at least one peripheral region comprises a temporal region and / or a nasal region providing at least one peripheral optical characteristic, the at least one peripheral optical characteristic being configured to focus a distant image in front of the nasal peripheral retina and / or in front of the temporal peripheral retina, respectively.

[0276] 77. A lens according to any of embodiments 70 to 76, wherein determining the correlation between at least one measurable parameter and at least one peripheral optical characteristic comprises determining at least one change in the relative peripheral power distribution of different measurable parameters for horizontal eccentricity along the retinal periphery including the nasal periphery and / or the temporal periphery of the retina.

Claims

1. An ophthalmic lens for influencing myopia progression in an eye of an individual having a specific power and a specific age, the lens comprising an optical property profile determined based on the specific power and the specific age of the individual, the optical property profile defining (1) a central optical zone for optical correction according to the power of the eye, and (2) at least one peripheral zone, the peripheral zone being a temporal zone and / or a nasal zone, the peripheral zone providing at least one peripheral optical property of the lens based on the power and age of the individual's eye, and the at least one peripheral optical property being configured to focus distant images in front of the nasal peripheral retina and / or in front of the temporal peripheral retina, respectively, wherein the at least one peripheral optical property is defined based on preselected data indicating the at least one peripheral optical property as a function of the age or age group of the individual and a correlation between the age of the individual and the at least one peripheral optical property, which is achieved by determining at least one change in relative peripheral refraction of horizontal eccentricity along the retinal periphery including the nasal periphery and / or the temporal periphery of the retina in different age groups.

2. The lens according to claim 1, wherein the nasal peripheral optical properties are determined by correlating the age or age group of the individual with the nasal peripheral optical properties, and the temporal peripheral optical properties are determined by correlating the power of the eye with the peripheral optical properties at the temporal retina.

3. The lens of claim 1 , wherein the peripheral optical properties are determined using statistical methods based on at least one of the individual's age, age group, or power of the eye.

4. The lens according to claim 1, wherein the optical property distribution is determined by correlating the power of the eye with peripheral optical properties at the nasal peripheral retina or the temporal peripheral retina, wherein the power includes optical parameters, the optical parameters of the power include at least one of spherical optical power, cylindrical optical power, lower addition optical power or prismatic optical power, and wherein at least one of the peripheral optical properties includes an optical parameter at at least one point on the temporal region and / or the nasal region, the optical parameters of at least one of the peripheral optical properties include at least one of a spherical value, a cylindrical optical power, and an axis value.

5. The lens of claim 4, wherein determining the correlation between power and peripheral optical properties of the eye comprises determining at least one change in relative peripheral refraction along the temporal periphery of the retina as a function of power spherical equivalent.

6. The lens of claim 4 or 5, wherein the at least one peripheral optical property comprises a correction to the axis values ​​such that the axis values ​​converge to 90 degrees at the nasal periphery or the temporal periphery.

7. The lens of claim 6, wherein the axis value is in the range of 80 degrees to 120 degrees at the nasal periphery and in the range of 60 degrees to 100 degrees at the temporal periphery.

8. The lens of claim 1 , wherein the temporal peripheral zone is configured to have a first peripheral lens power and the nasal peripheral zone is configured to have a second peripheral lens power, the second peripheral lens power being determined according to the power of the eye such that the optical characteristics define an asymmetry across the lens.

9. A method for designing an ophthalmic lens for an individual for producing a lens that influences myopia progression, the method being executed by a computer and comprising: Get a prescription for at least one eye; Get the age of the individual; as well as Determining an optical property distribution of the lens using the power and the age of the individual, wherein determining the optical property distribution comprises: defining a central optical zone of the lens having an optical correction according to the power of the individual's eye, and at least one peripheral zone is defined, the peripheral zone being a temporal zone and / or a nasal zone, and at least one peripheral optical characteristic of the lens is provided based on the power of the eye and the age of the individual, the at least one peripheral optical characteristic being configured to focus distant images in front of the nasal peripheral retina and / or in front of the temporal peripheral retina, respectively, wherein providing the at least one peripheral optical characteristic comprises utilizing preselected data indicating the at least one peripheral optical characteristic as a function of the age or age group of the individual and correlating the age of the individual with the at least one peripheral optical characteristic, wherein the correlating comprises determining at least one change in relative peripheral refraction for horizontal eccentricity along the retinal periphery including the nasal periphery and / or the temporal periphery of the retina in different age groups.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein obtaining the power comprises measuring the power of at least one eye.

11. The method according to claim 9 or 10, wherein determining the optical property distribution comprises using statistical methods based on the age of the individual and / or the power of the eye.

12. The method of claim 9 or 10, wherein determining the optical property distribution comprises associating the power of the eye with at least one peripheral optical property at the nasal retina or the temporal retina, wherein the power comprises optical parameters, the optical parameters of the power comprising at least one of spherical power, cylindrical power, down-add power, or prismatic power, and wherein at least one of the peripheral optical properties comprises optical parameters at at least one point on the temporal region and / or the nasal region, the optical parameters of at least one of the peripheral optical properties comprising at least one of a spherical value, a cylindrical power, and an axis value.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein defining the distribution of at least one of the peripheral optical properties comprises defining a correction to the axis values ​​such that the axis values ​​converge to 90 degrees at the nasal periphery or the temporal periphery.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the axis values ​​are in the range of 80 degrees to 120 degrees at the nasal periphery and in the range of 60 degrees to 100 degrees at the temporal periphery.

15. The method of claim 9 or 10, wherein determining nasal peripheral optical properties comprises correlating an age or age group of an individual with nasal peripheral optical properties, and determining temporal peripheral optical properties comprises correlating a power of the eye with the peripheral optical properties at a temporal retina.

16. The method of claim 9 or 10, wherein determining the optical property profile comprises determining a first lens power for a temporal region and a second lens power for a nasal region based on the power of the eye, such that the optical property profile defines an asymmetry across the lens.

17. A processing unit for performing the method according to claim 9 or 10.

Images