Method for simultaneously controlling weeds and growing target plants using plant material

Abstract

The present application provides a method for controlling weeds and planting target plants simultaneously by using plant materials, comprising the following steps: placing plant materials on a carrier to form a plant material layer; and planting the target plants on the surface of the plant material layer and / or in the layer of the plant material layer. The present application ingeniously utilizes the synergistic effect of plant materials and water at different specific periods, and taps and utilizes the spatial steric hindrance effect of target plants on top and weeds below to control weeds, so that ideal weed control effect and ideal target plant survival rate can be obtained. The present application can simplify farm operation, save time, save labor cost, reduce energy consumption, reduce pesticide and fertilizer, and improve the quality of agricultural products. Compared with the traditional planting method of crops, the present application is a revolution of the target plant cultivation method and weed control technology, and provides an ideal solution for the development of green and organic agriculture.

Description

[0001] This invention is a divisional application of Chinese patent application No. PCT / CN2021 / 116802, with an international filing date of September 6, 2021, and Chinese application No. 202180003011.3 which entered the Chinese national phase, entitled "A method for simultaneously controlling weeds and planting target plants using plant materials". Technical Field

[0002] This invention relates to crop cultivation methods, specifically to a method for simultaneously controlling weeds and cultivating target plants using plant materials. Background Technology

[0003] Conventional crop cultivation methods involve tilling the soil before planting or no-till planting. Weeds grow alongside cultivated plants, competing for light, water, and nutrients, and are among the major harmful organisms affecting plant growth. There are over 1400 species of weeds, with more than 200 species found in rice paddies alone. Among them, barnyard grass, sedge, duckweed, amaranth, goosegrass, and knotweed are particularly harmful. Figure 8 , Figure 25 A) Over a long period of evolution, weeds have developed biological characteristics adapted to cropland, exhibiting polymorphism in morphology and structure, polymorphism in life history, diversity in nutritional modes, strong adaptability, stress resistance, plasticity, mimicry, strong (growth) vigor, heterozygosity, diversity in reproductive methods, polysemy, and shattering tendency. For example, a single plant of *Ammannia arenaria* can produce up to 800,000 seeds. Therefore, weeds possess strong adaptability and competitive ability. In my country, the average annual weed-infested area from 2015 to 2017 was approximately 1.444 billion mu (approximately 16.9 million hectares), with about 1.575 billion mu (approximately 10.7 million hectares) controlled. Despite various control measures, weed damage in Chinese farmland continues to worsen, with the weed-infested area increasing by 16.3% in 2017 compared to 2007. Weeds cause severe food losses; according to statistics from relevant global food production departments, approximately one-tenth of the world's annual crop yield is lost due to weed damage in farmland. In recent years, weeds have caused more than 3 million tons of grain losses annually in my country, while invasive alien plants have caused economic losses of more than US$15 billion. Weeds and invasive alien plants have seriously threatened my country's agricultural production security.

[0004] Currently, weed control in my country's farmland mainly relies on herbicides, but the effectiveness of chemical weeding is decreasing. For example, herbicides are commonly applied 2-3 times, or even 4-5 times, per rice crop. The most significant reason for the difficulty in controlling weeds is the development of herbicide resistance. As of May 2018, 254 weed species worldwide had developed resistance to 163 herbicides (Heap, I. The International Survey of Herbicide Resistant Weeds. Online. Internet. (2018 / 05 / 30) Website: http: / / www.weedscience.org). The problem of herbicide resistance in weeds has attracted widespread attention and concern worldwide. Herbicide resistance in Chinese weeds has developed rapidly over the past decade. Currently, 30 weed species have developed resistance to 48 herbicides across 11 categories. Among them, barnyardgrass, a noxious weed in paddy fields, has developed resistance to 14 commonly used herbicides (Zhu J, Wang J, Ditommaso A, et al. Weed research status, challenges, and opportunities in China[J]. Crop Protection, 2018.DOI:10.1016 / j.cropro.2018.02.001). The use of chemical fertilizers is enormous. In 2016, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer usage reached 23.105 million tons and 8.3 million tons (pure amount), respectively. While this massive application of chemical fertilizers has ensured sustained high grain yields, its utilization rate is very low. This serious waste of chemical fertilizers not only increases production costs but also exacerbates environmental degradation.

[0005] my country has a wide variety of plant species and abundant plant resources such as straw. It is the world's largest straw producer, with a total of 900 million tons of crop straw available for collection.

[0006] To improve the utilization rate of plant resources, the conventional method is to turn straw back into the field, which means turning the straw in the field under the soil during plowing. This effectively utilizes straw resources, but it has almost no effect on controlling weeds in the field.

[0007] To effectively address the problem of weed infestation, the inventor previously filed Chinese patent CN106342612A, which discloses a method for controlling weeds in paddy fields by covering them with rapeseed straw (application number: CN201610733699.1). This method involves covering the paddy fields with dried and chopped rapeseed straw or rapeseed pods and mixtures thereof after a certain period of rice cultivation. While this method can control weeds, it has significant limitations. Figure 5 , Figure 6 Firstly, because rice is planted first and then rapeseed straw is used as a cover, the straw can easily crush the weaker rice seedlings from direct seeding. The straw layer can also shade the later-emerging and shorter rice seedlings, thus inhibiting rice emergence and growth.Figure 5 , Figure 6 For transplanted rice, the rice seedlings are unstable in the early stages of transplanting because their roots have not yet penetrated the soil, making them prone to being trampled when straw is spread. Secondly, to avoid drowning the seedlings in the early stages after direct seeding, irrigation is not allowed in the field. This results in the straw mulch absorbing less water, being looser, lighter, and less compact, thus limiting its weed suppression and shading effects, leading to less than ideal weed control. As shown in Comparative Example 1 in Table 1, the weed control effect of 3mm thick rapeseed straw was only 68% per plant. Thirdly, the operation is cumbersome. Straw turning and drying requires a large area and a lot of labor. In transplanted fields, straw needs to be spread gradually in small amounts between rows and then evenly distributed in the field, resulting in low labor efficiency and high labor costs. (See Table 10). After actual experiments, it was calculated that using existing technology to plant direct-seeded rice, per 666.7m²... 2 The labor cost is 1,619 yuan (of which, the straw bundling, transportation, drying for several days, crushing and bagging, storage and transportation back to the paddy field require about 3 more workers than this invention, at 180 yuan per worker, for a total increase in cost of 540 yuan), making it difficult to promote and apply the existing technology.

[0008] Another common method involves using a combine harvester to cut the straw after harvesting the previous crop, then covering the ground with it. A seeder is then used to plant the seeds for the next crop in the soil beneath the straw. The method is as follows: Figure 7 As shown. This technology has the advantages of straw return to the field and no-till direct seeding, and it does improve labor productivity. However, because the straw is too long (usually more than 8cm), and because there cannot be a water layer in order to facilitate crop seed germination, the gaps after straw mulching are large, and weeds can easily grow from the gaps, resulting in poor weed control.

[0009] With increasing public concern for agricultural product safety and ecological security, people are exploring environmentally friendly weed control methods, such as biological and physical control, in their weed management practices. However, these methods all have some defects or limitations and are difficult to meet the needs of large-scale weed control in production.

[0010] In agricultural production, conventional planting techniques involve planting target plants in the soil. However, existing techniques have drawbacks such as insufficient weed control, low survival rates for target plants like rice, and high labor costs. Therefore, existing techniques cannot simultaneously achieve the three effects of low cost, weed control, and guaranteed survival rate of planted target plants.

[0011] The weed control described in this invention refers to controlling the harm of weeds to the growth of target plants. The quantitative indicator is: after 10 days of weed control measures, and 15 days after planting the target plants until harvest, the weed density is less than 200 plants / m². 2The weed plant control effect is greater than or equal to 50% and less than 80%, or the fresh weight of the weed plant control effect is greater than or equal to 50% and less than 80%; and the survival rate of the target plant is greater than or equal to 10%, and the survival rate is calculated by: survival rate of plant = survival number of plants / total number of plants planted*100%. SUMMARY

[0012] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present application provides a method for controlling weeds and planting target plants simultaneously by using plant materials, which breaks through the conventional method, fully utilizes plant resources such as crop straw, plants the target plants on the surface or in the layer of the plant material, controls the weeds at the most vulnerable time, and precisely controls the water content of the plant material layer in each specific period (during covering, just before planting crops, and after planting), especially the synergistic effect for different target plants and different planting methods, thereby achieving low cost, controlling weeds, and ensuring the survival rate of the planted target plants, and solving the problems of the prior art. Specifically, taking the planting of rice as an example, the present application can achieve a very good effect that the 30d plant number inhibition rate is up to 99.1% and the 10d survival rate is 100% (see Example 41). Moreover, another unexpected effect brought by the method of the present application is that the operation is simple, the straw is crushed directly after the previous crop is harvested, is scattered in the field, and then the next target plant can be planted after watering for a proper time, thereby greatly saving the farm time, labor, and effort. The labor cost for planting and direct seeding rice by using the present application is 540 yuan less than that by using the prior art. The yield-increasing and income-increasing effect is very significant, and the technical problem in production is very ingeniously solved, which provides an almost perfect solution for green and organic product planting, and represents the future development direction of green planting technology. 2

[0013] In the present application, the definitions of the terms appearing in the present application are as follows:

[0014] Target plant: refers to a plant or plant tissue that is intentionally cultivated or cultivated by people, such as rice.

[0015] Planting: intentionally cultivating a target plant by sowing a propagating organ or transplanting a seedling (as shown in the figure). Figures 1-8

[0016] Target plant survival: the survival rate of the planted target plant is greater than or equal to 10% and less than 50%, and the survival rate is calculated by: survival rate of plant = survival number of plants / total number of plants planted*100%.

[0017] Target plant survival: the survival rate of the planted target plant is greater than or equal to 10% and less than 50%, and the survival rate is calculated by: survival rate of plant = survival number of plants / total number of plants planted*100%.

[0018] Target plant survival: the survival rate of the planted target plant is greater than or equal to 10% and less than 50%, and the survival rate is calculated by: survival rate of plant = survival number of plants / total number of plants planted*100%. ​​

[0019] Water depth: refers to the depth of water above the plant material layer after the plant material is submerged in water, excluding the thickness of the plant material layer.

[0020] Reproductive organ: any part of a plant body that can be used to propagate individuals, including but not limited to at least one of the roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds of a plant or a mixture thereof.

[0021] Seedling: a young plant of a plant just after emergence, a growth stage before the emergence of the second true leaf in monocots or the emergence of the second pair of true leaves in dicots (as shown in Figures 11-16

[0022] Young plant: refers to the growth stage of a plant after emergence and before flowering or fruiting.

[0023] Direct seeding: a method of planting a plant using a reproductive organ without going through the cultivation of seedlings (see Figure 24 B).

[0024] Transplanting: a method of planting a plant by first cultivating seedlings using a reproductive organ and then cultivating the seedlings.

[0025] Throwing: a method of planting a target plant by throwing its reproductive organs or seedlings into the air under the action of a certain force, and then allowing them to fall onto or sink into a certain substance under the action of gravity, such as rice field throwing seedlings. The applicator of the certain force can be a person or a machine (such as a throwing machine), and the certain substance refers to a substance that can allow the reproductive organs or seedlings to survive, such as plant material or soil.

[0026] Laying: a method of planting a target plant by laying its seedlings on the surface or surface layer of a certain substance, such as rice field laying seedlings. The certain substance refers to a substance that can allow the reproductive organs or seedlings to survive, such as plant material or soil.

[0027] Transplanting: a method of planting a plant other than direct seeding, including but not limited to transplanting, laying, throwing seedlings, etc.

[0028] Carrier: a substance that can carry other substances, which can be any one of soil, sand, stone, substrate, or any combination of two or more of them in a container such as a flowerpot or a pot.

[0029] Carrier surface: the part of the carrier that is in contact with the air after a certain amount of carriers are stacked.

[0030] Carrier: the part of the carrier below the carrier surface.

[0031] Aquatic plant: a plant that can grow in water, usually in an environment with a water layer, such as rice (Oryza sativa L.) ​

[0032] Dryland plant: other plants than aquatic plants, usually growing in an environment without water layer, such as wheat, rape, corn, soybean, etc.

[0033] Plant material: a substance derived from a plant, the kind of plant is not limited, the part of the plant is not limited, and can be selected from at least one or a mixture of any number of roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits of any plant, including but not limited to rape straw, rice straw, wheat straw, Chinese milk vetch stems and leaves, or a mixture thereof, etc. The shape of the plant material is not limited (see Figure 9 ).

[0034] Plant carbon-nitrogen ratio: the mass ratio of carbon and nitrogen elements in a plant, i.e. the mass of carbon divided by the mass of nitrogen, which can be represented by C / N.

[0035] Plant material infiltration: a state in which the gaps between plant material fragments are substantially filled with water but there is no water layer on the surface of the plant material layer (see Figure 24 B).

[0036] Plant material saturated water content: the percentage of water content when the plant material absorbs water to saturation under the condition of 25°C.

[0037] Method for detecting plant material saturated water content: crush the plant material to be detected to about 1 cm in average length of the longest side. Take 100 g of representative plant material and put it into a nylon mesh bag. Under the condition of 25°C, completely immerse the nylon mesh bag in clean water for 48 h. Take out the nylon mesh bag and weigh the total weight of the plant material (T) within 1 min without dripping. Then put the plant material into an oven at 80°C for 72 h and weigh the dry weight (S). Calculate the saturated water content (P) of the plant material according to the formula P = (T-S) / T*100%. Repeat 3 times and take the average value.

[0038] Placement: placing the plant material on a carrier.

[0039] Covering: placing the plant material on a carrier to form a plant material layer, and the thickness of the plant material layer is 0.1 cm to 12 cm (see Figure 24 B).

[0040] Spreading: under the action of a certain force, small objects are dispersed in the air and then fall onto the carrier.

[0041] Surface of the plant material layer: the part in contact with air formed by the uppermost adjacent parts of a certain amount of plant material after being placed on a carrier.

[0042] Plant material layer: after a certain amount of plant material is placed on a carrier, a plant material layer with a certain thickness is formed, which is the part between the surface of the plant material layer and the carrier, including the interface between the plant material layer and the carrier; the part more than half of the thickness of the plant material layer from the surface of the plant material layer to the carrier is the upper half of the plant material layer (see Figure 10 A); the part more than one third of the thickness of the plant material layer is the upper 1 / 3 layer of the plant material (see Figure 10 A).

[0043] Method for detecting the thickness of the plant material layer: randomly select n survey points in the area to be detected, n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 30. If necessary, drain the water on the carrier before detection until more than 90% of the surface of the carrier is not submerged. Carefully remove the plant material within a diameter of 4 cm at each survey point to form a circular hole until the carrier below the plant material layer is exposed to determine the position of the lower surface of the plant material layer. Place a plastic ruler with a length, width and height of about 200*30*2mm on the upper surface of the circular hole, and measure the vertical distance between the lower surface of the ruler and the lower surface of the plant material layer with a ruler with millimeter scale. Calculate the average of n measurement values as the thickness value of the plant material layer to be detected.

[0044] Size of plant material: the length of the longest side of the plant material refers to the maximum distance between two endpoints of the plant material fragment in any direction (see Figure 27 ).

[0045] Average size of plant material: the average of the size of more than 100 randomly selected plant material fragments.

[0046] Plant material residue layer: a layer of visible matter remaining after a plant material layer has been left for a certain period of time.

[0047] Thickness of plant material residue layer: the vertical distance between the upper surface and the lower surface of the plant material residue layer.

[0048] Method for detecting the thickness of the plant material residue layer: randomly select n survey points in the area to be detected, n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 30. If necessary, drain the water on the carrier before detection until more than 90% of the surface of the carrier is not submerged. Carefully remove the plant material residue within a diameter of 4 cm at each survey point to form a circular hole until the carrier below the plant material residue layer is exposed to determine the position of the lower surface of the plant material residue layer. Place a plastic ruler with a length, width and height of about 200*30*2mm on the upper surface of the circular hole, and measure the vertical distance between the lower surface of the ruler and the lower surface of the plant material residue layer with a ruler with millimeter scale. Calculate the average of n measurement values as the thickness value of the plant material residue layer to be detected.

[0049] Complete decay: decay is the process of decomposition and destruction of a large area of plant tissue, and the original shape gradually disappears. The residual visible mass of plant material after decay is less than 10% of the initial mass, defined as complete decay.

[0050] Plant nutrition: natural or synthetic substances that can provide the necessary nutrients for plant growth, such as substances that can provide nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements, specifically, such as urea, compound fertilizer.

[0051] Composting: using high temperature to pile up and rot plant material.

[0052] Plant initial stem-root differentiation point: the boundary between stem and root system of seedling at the initial stage of plant germination, usually the stem above this position and the root below (as shown in Figures 10-17 ). Figures 10-17 The effects of the method of the present application for planting target plants such as rice, wheat, rape, corn, cucumber, and soybean are given respectively.

[0053] Plant initial stem-root differentiation point height: the vertical distance from the initial stem-root differentiation point of the plant to the carrier plane except for the plant material layer, denoted by HP. For example, covering the plant material on the soil surface, and then cultivating the target plant in the plant material layer, HP refers to the vertical distance from the initial stem-root differentiation point to the soil surface (as shown in Figure 10 A, B, C, D figures in ).

[0054] Method for detecting plant initial stem-root differentiation point height:

[0055] Randomly select n representative plants of normal growth, n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 30. Determine the position of the initial stem-root differentiation point, and measure the vertical distance from the initial stem-root differentiation point of each plant to the carrier plane except for the plant material layer with a ruler with millimeter scale. Calculate the average of the n measurement values as the initial stem-root differentiation point height value of the plant to be tested. When measuring the initial stem-root differentiation point height of weeds in farmland, randomly select weeds of normal growth, and when there are multiple weeds, select n plants of each type of weed, preferably the number of each type of weed measured is comparable (as shown in Figure 10 A, B, C, D figures in ).

[0056] Stem base point: divided into three categories, when it is a plant with roots concentrated in the stem base (such as Figure 18 A figure in ), it refers to the most basal position of the stem where no roots grow, which is visible to the naked eye, and the part below is root tissue or stem with roots; when it is a plant species with more than two parts of the stem growing roots or a basal creeping or vine plant (such as Figure 18B, C) or the highest point of the root system on the plant body (Fig. D) when the plant species has no obvious stem (e.g. Lemna quadrisperma). Figure 18

[0057] Stem base point height: the vertical distance between the stem base point of a plant and the plane of the carrier except for the layer of plant material. If a farmland is covered with plant material on the soil surface and then the target plant is cultivated on the layer of plant material, the stem base point height of the target plant refers to the vertical distance between the stem base point of the target plant and the soil surface (as shown in Fig. D). The stem base point height of a weed in a farmland refers to the vertical distance between the stem base point of the weed and the soil surface. Figure 10

[0058] Stem base point height detection method: randomly select n representative plants of the plant to be tested which grow normally, n being a positive integer greater than or equal to 30. Determine the position of the stem base point, and measure the vertical distance between the stem base point of each plant and the plane of the carrier below the layer of plant material with a ruler with millimeter scale. Calculate the average of the n measurement values as the stem base point height value of the plant to be tested. When measuring the stem base point height of a weed in a farmland, randomly select weeds which grow normally, and when there are multiple weeds, select n plants of all the weeds, and preferably the number of each type of weed determined is comparable.

[0059] Relative position of stem base point to the layer of plant material residues: the vertical spatial relative position of the stem base point of a normally growing plant to the layer of plant material residues.

[0060] Relative position of stem base point to the layer of plant material residues detection method: randomly select n representative plants of the plant to be tested which grow normally, n being a positive integer greater than or equal to 30. Determine the positions of the upper surface and the lower surface of the layer of plant material residues, and measure the vertical distance between the upper surface and the lower surface of the layer of plant material residues with a ruler with millimeter scale, which is the thickness (H) of the layer of plant material residues. Determine the position of the stem base point of the plant to be tested, and measure the vertical distance between the stem base point and the upper surface of the layer of plant material residues with a ruler with millimeter scale, and record a positive value if the stem base point is higher than the upper surface, or a negative value if the stem base point is lower than the upper surface. When the stem base point is lower than the lower surface of the layer of plant material residues, record a value less than -H, and there is no need to measure the specific value. Calculate the average of the n measurement values as the relative position value of the stem base point of the plant to be tested to the layer of plant material residues. When X is greater than 0, it indicates that the stem base point is higher than the layer of plant material residues; when X is less than 0, if the absolute value of X is less than H, it indicates that the stem base point is in the layer of plant material residues; if the absolute value of X is less than 1 / 3H, it indicates that the stem base point is above 1 / 3 of the layer of plant material residues; and if the absolute value of X is greater than H, it indicates that the stem base point is below the layer of plant material residues.

[0061] Weed: any plant other than the target plant which is intentionally cultivated. For example, in a rice field, any plant other than rice is a weed (​​A of Figure 8 ,A of Figure 25 ,A of Figure 26 .

[0062] weed density: the number of weeds per unit area, usually refers to the number of weeds per square meter, unit is "plants / m 2 ".

[0063] weed density detection method: when the area of the region to be detected is less than 20 hectares, n days after the target plant is planted to before harvest, n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 10. More than 20 survey points are taken in the region to be detected, each survey point has an area of 0.25m 2 2mm or more in diameter. When the number of field blocks in the region to be detected reaches more than 10, 10 representative field blocks are selected at different positions, and 2 survey points are taken on the diagonal of each field block; when the number of field blocks in the region to be detected is between 5 and 10, 5 representative field blocks are selected at different positions, and 4 survey points are taken on the double diagonal of each field block; when the number of field blocks in the region to be detected is less than 5, an equivalent number of survey points are taken on the double diagonal of each field block. In addition, the survey point is more than 1m away from the ridge or boundary. If necessary, drain the water in the field before investigation until more than 90% of the area is not flooded. When investigating, place the sampling frame horizontally at a height higher than the height of the field plants, and then place the sampling frame vertically down to the ground while keeping the sampling frame horizontal. In this process, if the sampling frame hits the plants, the above-ground part of the plants whose base falls within the vertical projection range of the sampling frame is placed into the frame, and the above-ground part of the plants whose base falls outside the vertical projection range of the sampling frame is moved out of the frame. The number of surviving weed plants in the sampling frame is counted, and when counting the number of plants, the tillers of gramineous and sedge weeds that grow within a 5cm radius circle around the base of the main stem of a weed plant and within a 10cm range from the ground, and the tiller length of which is more than 10cm, are recorded as independent plants; the branches of broad-leaved weeds that grow within a 3cm radius circle around the base of the main stem of a weed plant and within a 5cm range from the ground, and the branch length of which is more than 10cm, are recorded as independent plants. Plants that are completely floating on the water surface under normal growth conditions (such as duckweed) are not counted. The average number of weed plants in 20 survey points is calculated and converted into the number of weed plants per square meter, which is taken as the weed density value of the region to be detected. When the area of the region to be detected exceeds 20 hectares, detection should be carried out every 20 hectares.

[0064] weed plant control effect: when measures are taken to control weeds, compared with untreated controls, the percentage reduction in the number of weeds in the treated area, the untreated refers to not taking any weed control measures.

[0065] Weed plant control effect detection method: after taking measures to control weeds for 10 days, and n days after the target plant is planted to before harvest, n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 10. When the test area is not repeated, 10 or more survey points are taken on the double diagonal lines of the control area and the treatment area respectively, and the area of each survey point is equal to 0.25m 2 , the side length of the square sampling frame is 50cm; when the test area is repeated, 3 or more survey points are taken on the double diagonal lines of each repeated test area of the control and treatment respectively, and the total number of survey points of the control and treatment reaches 10 or more respectively, and the area of each survey point is equal to 0.25m 2 . In addition, the survey point is more than 1m away from the ridge or boundary. If necessary, drain the water in the field before investigation until more than 90% of the area is not flooded. When investigating, place the sampling frame horizontally at a height higher than the height of the field plants, and then place the sampling frame vertically down to the ground while keeping the sampling frame horizontal. In the process, if the sampling frame hits the plants, the above-ground part of the plants whose base falls within the vertical projection range of the sampling frame is placed in the frame, and the above-ground part of the plants whose base falls outside the vertical projection range of the sampling frame is moved out of the frame. Count the number of surviving weed plants in the sampling frame, and when counting the number of plants, the tillers of gramineous and sedge weeds that grow within a 5cm radius circle around the base of the main stem of a weed plant and within a 10cm range from the ground, and the length of which is more than 10cm, are recorded as independent plants; the branches of broad-leaved weeds that grow within a 3cm radius circle around the base of the main stem of a weed plant and within a 5cm range from the ground, and the length of which is more than 10cm, are recorded as independent plants. Plants that are completely floating on the water surface under normal growth conditions (such as duckweed) are not counted. Calculate the average number of weed plants in 10 or more survey points, and then calculate according to the following formula: weed plant control effect = (average number of weed plants in the control area - average number of weed plants in the treatment area) / average number of weed plants in the control area * 100%.

[0066] Weed fresh weight control effect: when measures are taken to control weeds, the percentage reduction in aboveground fresh weight of weeds in the treatment area compared to the untreated control, where the untreated refers to not taking any weed control measures.

[0067] The method for detecting the fresh weight control effect of weeds is as follows: after weeds are controlled for 10 days, and n days after the target plants are planted to before harvest, n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 10. When the test area is not repeated, 10 or more survey points are taken on the double diagonal lines of the control area and the treatment area, each survey point has an area of 0.25 m2, and a square sampling frame with a side length of 50 cm is determined by an iron wire with a diameter of 2 mm or more. When the test area is repeated, 3 or more survey points are taken on the double diagonal lines of each repeated test area of the control and treatment, and the total number of survey points of the control and treatment reaches 10 or more. In addition, the survey point is 1 m or more away from the ridge or boundary. If necessary, drain the water in the field before the survey until 90% or more of the area is not flooded and 95% or more of the weed stem and leaf surface does not contain water droplets. When surveying, place the sampling frame horizontally at a height above the field plants, and then place the sampling frame vertically down to the ground while keeping the sampling frame horizontal. In the process, if the sampling frame hits the plants, the aboveground part of the plants whose base falls within the vertical projection range of the sampling frame is placed in the frame, and the aboveground part of the plants whose base falls outside the vertical projection range of the sampling frame is moved out of the frame. The aboveground part of the weeds in the sampling frame is cut with scissors, put into a plastic bag and sealed, and placed in a cool and dry place to avoid water loss in the sample as much as possible. Care must be taken to avoid the influence of dirt and other impurities on the fresh weight of weeds, and if necessary, the cut weed sample can be washed clean with water and then dried with absorbent paper. Within 2 hours after sampling, weigh the fresh weight of weeds with a weighing tool with a precision of 0.01 g or more, and record the value to the second decimal place. Calculate the average fresh weight of weeds in 10 or more survey points, and then calculate according to the following formula: weed fresh weight control effect = (average fresh weight of weeds in the control area - average fresh weight of weeds in the treatment area) / average fresh weight of weeds in the control area * 100%.

[0068] Controlling weeds: controlling the harm of weeds to the growth of target plants. The quantitative index is that after weeds are controlled for 10 days, and 15 days after the target plants are planted to before harvest, the weed density is less than 200 plants / m 2 , the weed plant control effect is greater than or equal to 50% and less than 80%, or the fresh weight control effect of weeds is greater than or equal to 50% and less than 80%.

[0069] Effective weed control: effectively controlling the harm of weeds so as to basically not affect the normal growth of target plants or cause slight harm. The quantitative index is that after weeds are controlled for 10 days, and 15 days after the target plants are planted to before harvest, the weed density is less than 100 plants / m 2 , or the weed plant control effect is greater than or equal to 80% and less than 95%, or the fresh weight control effect of weeds is greater than or equal to 80% and less than 95%.

[0070] Complete weed control: refers to complete control of the damage of weeds, so that the damage of weeds to target plants is very small. The quantitative index is that after taking measures to control weeds for 10 days, and after the target plants are planted for 15 days to before harvesting, the density of weeds is less than 25 plants / m 2 , or the weed plant control effect is greater than or equal to 95%, or the fresh weight control effect of weeds is greater than or equal to 95%.

[0071] To solve the foregoing technical defects, the application adopts the following technical solutions:

[0072] The application provides a method for simultaneously controlling weeds and planting target plants by using plant materials. The method comprises the following steps:

[0073] a. placing plant materials on a carrier to form a plant material layer;

[0074] b. planting the target plants on the surface and / or layer of the plant material layer.

[0075] The application provides a method for simultaneously controlling weeds and planting target plants by using plant materials, comprising the following steps:

[0076] By controlling the covering thickness and water content of the plant material layer, the target plants are planted while the weeds are controlled.

[0077] In a preferred embodiment, the method comprises the following steps:

[0078] a. placing plant materials on a carrier, marking the period from after covering the plant material layer to before planting the target plants as the covering period, and controlling the size, covering thickness and water content of the plant material layer during the covering period;

[0079] b. then planting the target plants on the surface and / or layer of the plant material layer, so that the target plants are planted in the surface and / or layer of the plant material layer;

[0080] Wherein, in order to achieve the actual need for weed control effect, the plant material layer is evenly covered on the carrier with a covering thickness of 0.1-12 cm; and in order to provide the conditions required for the growth of the target plants, the water content of the plant material is greater than 10% of the saturated water content of the plant material.

[0081] During the covering period of the plant material layer, the growth of weeds is prevented by controlling the covering thickness, covering time, water content and other conditions, and then the target plants are planted in the surface and / or layer of the plant material layer, and the covering thickness, covering time, water content and other conditions are synergized to achieve the synergistic effect of effectively controlling weeds while cultivating the target plants.

[0082] The present application provides a method for controlling weeds and growing target plants simultaneously using plant material, comprising the following steps:

[0083] a. covering the plant material on the carrier to form a plant material layer, wherein the thickness of the plant material is 0.1-12 cm; preferably, the thickness of the plant material is 0.3-8 cm; preferably, the thickness of the plant material is 0.3-5 cm; preferably, the thickness of the plant material is 0.6-3 cm; preferably, the thickness of the plant material is 0.6-1.2 cm; preferably, the thickness of the plant material is 0.6-1 cm; preferably, the plant material is evenly covered on the carrier;

[0084] controlling the water content of the plant material during the covering period, during the period before planting the crops, and after planting the crops;

[0085] b. marking the period from covering the plant material layer to planting the target plants as the covering period, wherein the water content of the plant material is controlled to be more than 1% of the saturated water content of the plant material during the covering period; preferably, the water content of the plant material is controlled to be 50% of the saturated water content of the plant material; preferably, the water content of the plant material is controlled to be 100% of the saturated water content of the plant material; preferably, the plant material is soaked; more preferably, the plant material is soaked in water;

[0086] c. planting the target plants on the surface of the plant material layer and / or in the plant material layer;

[0087] controlling the water content during the period before planting the crops: marking the period within 1 day before planting the target plants as the period before planting the crops, wherein the water content of the plant material is adjusted to be more than 30% of the saturated water content of the plant material during the period; preferably, the water content of the plant material is adjusted to be more than 100% of the saturated water content of the plant material; more preferably, the water content of the plant material is adjusted to be soaked; more preferably, the water layer depth of the plant material is adjusted to be less than 5 cm.

[0088] d. controlling the water content after planting:

[0089] 1) when the target plants are aquatic plants and the planting method is direct seeding, if the target plants are planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained to be 70% of the saturated water content of the plant material to the soaked state of the plant material after planting; if the target plants are planted in the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained to be 40%-100% of the saturated water content of the plant material after planting;

[0090] 2) When the target plant is a dryland plant and the planting method is direct seeding, if the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the plant material should be maintained at 40% to 100% of its saturated water content after planting; if the target plant is planted in the plant material layer, the plant material should be maintained at 30% to 90% of its saturated water content after planting.

[0091] 3) When the target plant is an aquatic plant and the planting method is transplantation, if the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material after planting shall be maintained at 70% of its saturated water content to a water depth of 5cm or less; if the target plant is planted in the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material shall be maintained at 50% of its saturated water content to a water depth of 5cm or less.

[0092] 4) When the target plant is a dryland plant and the planting method is transplantation, if the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 50% of its saturated water content to a water depth of 2cm or less; if the target plant is planted in the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 60% of its saturated water content to a water depth of 2cm or less after planting.

[0093] Preferably, the plant material layer refers to the upper half of the plant material layer; more preferably, the plant material layer refers to the upper 1 / 3 layer of the plant material.

[0094] Preferably, the weed control refers to controlling the harm of weeds to the growth of target plants, and its quantitative indicator is: after 10 days of weed control using a certain method, and 15 days after the target plants are planted until harvest, the weed density is less than 200 plants / m². 2 The weed control efficacy is ≥50% and <80% per plant, or ≥50% and <80% per fresh weight of weeds; more preferably, the weed control achieves effective weed control, which means that the weeds effectively control the damage, so that they have basically no impact on the normal growth of the target plant or the damage is minor, and its quantitative indicators are as follows:

[0095] Defined as: after 10 days of weed control using a certain method, and 15 days after the target plants are planted until harvest, the weed density is less than 100 plants / m². 2 The control efficacy is either ≥80% and <95% for weed plants or ≥80% and <95% for weed fresh weight; more preferably, the weed control achieves complete control, meaning that the damage caused by weeds is completely controlled, minimizing their harm to the target plant. The quantitative indicator is: after 10 days of weed control using a certain method, and 15 days after planting the target plant until harvest, the weed density is less than 25 plants / m². 2 The control efficacy against weeds is ≥95% by plant size or ≥95% by fresh weight.

[0096] Preferably, the survival rate of the target plant is greater than 10% and less than 50%; more preferably, the survival rate of the target plant is greater than 50% and less than 75%; more preferably, the survival rate of the target plant is greater than 75%.

[0097] Preferably, when the target plant is planted by using the propagation organs, the initial stem-root differentiation point of the target plant is visible to the naked eye in or above the layer of plant material before the plant material completely rots; after the target plant emerges, the stem base point is in or above the layer of plant material;

[0098] Preferably, when the target plant is planted by using the seedling, the throw seedling, the transplanting seedling, the stem base point of the target plant is visible to the naked eye in or above the layer of plant material before the plant material completely rots;

[0099] Preferably, when the target plant is planted, the propagation organs of the weeds are located below the layer of plant material, and the target plant is visible to the naked eye on or in the surface of the layer of plant material;

[0100] Preferably, after the target plant is planted, when weeds occur, the initial stem-root differentiation point of 95% of the weeds is visible to the naked eye below the layer of plant material before the plant material completely rots;

[0101] Preferably, after the target plant is planted, when the thickness of the plant material reaches 0.9 cm, when weeds occur, the initial stem-root differentiation point of 95% of the target plants is visible to the naked eye above the initial stem-root differentiation point of the weeds by more than 0.5 cm, and / or the stem base point of 95% of the target plants is above the stem base point of the weeds by more than 0.8 cm within 25 days after the target plant is planted;

[0102] Preferably, when the thickness of the plant material reaches 0.9 cm, at the end of the uniform covering of the plant material, 95% of the carrier area is covered by the plant material, and the carrier (such as soil) is not visible to the naked eye.

[0103] Further, the method of planting the target plant includes but is not limited to manually sowing the propagation organs, manually transplanting the seedlings, manually throwing the seedlings, manually arranging the seedlings, mechanically sowing the propagation organs, mechanically transplanting the seedlings, mechanically throwing the seedlings, and mechanically arranging the seedlings.

[0104] Further, during the planting of the target plant, a step of applying plant nutrients is further included, the application can provide the nutrients required for the growth of the target plant, and the application is selected from at least one of the following: applied to the lower part of the layer of plant material, applied to the middle of the layer of plant material, mixed with the layer of plant material, applied to the upper part of the layer of plant material, mixed with the propagation organs of the target plant, and mixed with the root system of the propagation organs of the target plant.

[0105] Further, the time of the plant nutrient application includes, but is not limited to, before planting the target plant, after planting the target plant, or simultaneously with planting the target plant.

[0106] Further, the time of the plant nutrient application is 1-15 days after planting the target plant; preferably, 1-10 days after planting the target plant; preferably, 3-7 days after planting the target plant.

[0107] Further, the type of the plant nutrient includes, but is not limited to, urea, P2O5, K2O, compound fertilizer, organic fertilizer, human excrement, manure, various composts, wood ash, mixed fertilizer.

[0108] Further, the plant material is derived from any plant, preferably any at least one of the following plants:

[0109] Rice (Oryza sativa L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), corn (Zea mays L.), soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), sweet potato (Dioscorea esculenta (Lour.) Burkill), potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), flax (Linum usitatissimum L.), oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.), peanut (Solanum melongena L.), pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata (Duch. ex Lam.) Duch. ex Poiret), winter melon (Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn.), sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.), Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus L.), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), hairy vetch.

[0110] Further, the plant material is covered on the carrier after being fragmented, and the size of the plant material is not greater than 300 cm; preferably, the size of the plant material is not greater than 200 cm; preferably, the size of the plant material is not greater than 10 cm; more preferably, the size of the plant material is not greater than 3 cm.

[0111] Further, the plant material is covered on the carrier after being broken into pieces, and the average size of the plant material is not more than 300 cm; preferably, the average size of the plant material is not more than 200 cm; preferably, the average size of the plant material is not more than 10 cm; more preferably, the average size of the plant material is not more than 3 cm.

[0112] Further, the covering period is 0-12 months; preferably, the covering period is 0-6 months; preferably, the covering period is 0-3 months; preferably, the covering period is 0-30 days; more preferably, the covering period is 0-10 days.

[0113] Further, the method for controlling weeds and planting target plants simultaneously using plant material and the method for controlling water after planting can be specifically as follows:

[0114] 1) When the target plant is a water plant and the planting method is direct seeding, if the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the time for maintaining the plant material to maintain 70% of the saturated water content after planting is 5-15 days; if the target plant is planted in the plant material layer, the time for maintaining the water content of the plant material to maintain 40%-100% of the saturated water content after planting is 5-15 days;

[0115] 2) When the target plant is a dry land plant and the planting method is direct seeding, if the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the time for maintaining the plant material to maintain 40%-100% of the saturated water content after planting is 5-15 days; after the target plant root system penetrates the plant material layer, the time for maintaining the water content of the plant material to maintain 10%-80% of the saturated water content is 5-15 days; if the target plant is planted in the plant material layer, the time for maintaining the water content of the plant material to maintain 30%-90% of the saturated water content after planting is 5-15 days; after the target plant root system penetrates the plant material layer, the time for maintaining the water content of the plant material to maintain 10%-70% of the saturated water content is 5-15 days;

[0116] 3) When the target plant is a water plant and the planting method is transplanting, if the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained to be 70% of the saturated water content to a water layer depth of less than 5 cm, and after 4-8 days, the water content of the plant material is maintained to be 30% of the saturated water content to a water layer depth of less than 8 cm; if the target plant is planted in the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained to be 50% of the saturated water content to a water layer depth of less than 5 cm, and after 4-8 days, the water content of the plant material is maintained to be 20% of the saturated water content to a water layer depth of less than 6 cm;

[0117] 4) when the target plant is a dry land plant and the planting mode is transplanting, if the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 50% of the saturated water content of the plant material to a water layer depth of 2 cm below, and after 4-8 days, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 10%-90% of the saturated water content of the plant material; if the target plant is planted in the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 60% of the saturated water content of the plant material to a water layer depth of 2 cm below, and after 4-8 days, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 10%-80% of the saturated water content of the plant material.

[0118] For different plant materials, the application also provides different preferred schemes to better achieve the technical effects of the application:

[0119] Further, if the plant material is derived from any at least one of corn, soybean, sweet potato, potato, cotton, flax, rapeseed, peanut, pepper, pumpkin, wax gourd, sugarcane, sunflower, the plant material is covered on the carrier after being turned into fragments, and the size of the plant material is not greater than 2 cm; preferably, the size of the plant material is not greater than 1 cm.

[0120] Further, if the plant material is derived from any at least one of corn, soybean, sweet potato, potato, cotton, flax, rapeseed, peanut, pepper, pumpkin, wax gourd, sugarcane, sunflower, the plant material is covered on the carrier after being turned into fragments, and the average size of the plant material is not greater than 2 cm; preferably, the average size of the plant material is not greater than 1 cm.

[0121] Further, if the plant material is derived from any at least one of rice, wheat, barley, milk vetch, green manure plant, the plant material is covered on the carrier after being turned into fragments, and the size of the plant material is not greater than 10 cm; preferably, the size of the plant material is not greater than 5 cm; more preferably, the size of the plant material is not greater than 2 cm.

[0122] Further, if the plant material is derived from any at least one of rice, wheat, barley, milk vetch, green manure plant, the plant material is covered on the carrier after being turned into fragments, and the average size of the plant material is not greater than 10 cm; preferably, the average size of the plant material is not greater than 5 cm; more preferably, the average size of the plant material is not greater than 2 cm.

[0123] Further, if the plant material is derived from any at least one of corn, soybean, sweet potato, potato, cotton, flax, rape, peanut, pepper, pumpkin, wax gourd, sugarcane, sunflower, the covering thickness is 0.2-8 cm; preferably, the covering thickness is 0.4-4 cm; preferably, the covering thickness is 0.5-3 cm; preferably, the covering thickness is 0.6-2 cm; preferably, the covering thickness is 0.6-1.5 cm; preferably, the covering thickness is 0.6-0.9 cm.

[0124] Further, if the plant material is derived from any at least one of rice, wheat, barley, milk vetch, green manure plant, the covering thickness is 0.2-8 cm; preferably, the covering thickness is 0.3-4 cm; preferably, the covering thickness is 0.6-3 cm; preferably, the covering thickness is 0.8-2 cm; preferably, the covering thickness is 0.8-1.5 cm.

[0125] Further, if the plant material is derived from any at least one of rice, wheat, barley, milk vetch, green manure plant, and the average size of the plant material is not more than 1 cm, the covering thickness is 0.2-8 cm; preferably, the covering thickness is 0.3-4 cm; preferably, the covering thickness is 0.5-3 cm; preferably, the covering thickness is 0.6-2 cm; preferably, the covering thickness is 0.6-1.0 cm.

[0126] According to different target plants and planting methods, the application also provides different preferred schemes to better achieve the technical effects of the application:

[0127] Further, when the target plant is an aquatic plant and the planting method is direct sowing, the plant material derived from at least one of rape, rice, wheat, corn, soybean is uniformly covered on the carrier with a thickness of 0.3-12 cm, and the average size of the plant material is not more than 3 cm; during the covering, the plant material is soaked in water, i.e. during the planting of the target plant, the water content of the plant material is adjusted to reach the plant material saturation; if the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the time for maintaining the plant material to maintain 70% of the saturated water content to the plant material saturation after planting is 5-15 days; if the target plant is planted in the plant material layer, the time for maintaining the water content of the plant material to maintain 40%-100% of the saturated water content after planting is 5-15 days;

[0128] Preferably, the plant material has a covering thickness of 0.6-2.5 cm, and if the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the time for maintaining the plant material to maintain 100% of its saturated water content to plant material saturation is 5-10 days; if the target plant is planted in the plant material layer, the time for maintaining the water content of the plant material to maintain 80%-100% of its saturated water content is 5-10 days after planting, and the method can achieve complete weed control and the survival rate of the planted target plant is ≥75%.

[0129] Preferably, the plant material has a covering thickness of 0.6-1.2 cm, and if the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the time for maintaining the plant material to maintain 100% of its saturated water content to plant material saturation is 5-10 days; if the target plant is planted in the plant material layer, the time for maintaining the water content of the plant material to maintain 80%-100% of its saturated water content is 5-10 days after planting, and the method can achieve complete weed control and the survival rate of the planted target plant is ≥80%.

[0130] Further, when the target plant is a dry land plant and the planting method is direct seeding, the plant material is derived from at least one of rape, rice, wheat, corn, and soybean, and the average size of the plant material is not greater than 3 cm, and the plant material is uniformly covered on the carrier with a thickness of 0.3-12 cm; during the covering, the plant material is soaked in water, i.e., during the planting of the target plant, the water content of the plant material is adjusted to plant material saturation; if the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained to be 40%-100% of its saturated water content after planting, and after the root system of the target plant penetrates downward through the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained to be 10%-80% of its saturated water content, preferably for 5-15 days; if the target plant is planted in the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained to be 30%-90% of its saturated water content after planting, and after the root system of the target plant penetrates downward through the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained to be 10%-70% of its saturated water content.

[0131] Preferably, the plant material has a covering thickness of 0.6-2.5 cm, and if the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 70-100% of the saturated water content after planting, and after the root system of the target plant penetrates the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 30-80% of the saturated water content, preferably for 5-15 days; if the target plant is planted in the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 30-90% of the saturated water content after planting, and after the root system of the target plant penetrates the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 20-70% of the saturated water content, and the method can achieve complete weed control and a survival rate of the planted target plant of ≥75%;

[0132] Preferably, the plant material has a covering thickness of 0.6-1.2 cm, and if the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 70-100% of the saturated water content after planting, and after the root system of the target plant penetrates the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 30-80% of the saturated water content, preferably for 5-15 days; if the target plant is planted in the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 30-90% of the saturated water content after planting, and after the root system of the target plant penetrates the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 20-70% of the saturated water content, and the method can achieve complete weed control and a survival rate of the planted target plant of ≥80%.

[0133] Further, when the target plant is a water plant and the planting method is transplanting, the plant material is derived from at least one of rape, rice, wheat, corn, and soybean, and the average size of the plant material is not greater than 3 cm, and the plant material is uniformly covered on the carrier with a thickness of 0.3-12 cm; during the covering, the plant material is soaked in water,

[0134] During the planting of the target plant, the water content of the plant material is adjusted to reach plant material soaking; if the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 70% of the saturated water content after planting, and the water layer depth is less than 5 cm, and after 4-8 days, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 30% of the saturated water content, and the water layer depth is less than 8 cm

[0135] the following water layer depth; if the target plant is planted in the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 50% of the saturated water content after planting, and the water layer depth is less than 5 cm, and after 4-8 days, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 20% of the saturated water content, and the water layer depth is less than 6 cm;

[0136] Preferably, the plant material has a covering thickness of 0.6-2.5 cm, and if the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained at a water layer depth of 1-4 cm after planting, and 4-8 days later, the water content of the plant material is maintained at a water layer depth of 2-5 cm or less; if the target plant is planted in the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained at a water layer depth of 1-4 cm, and 4-8 days later, the water content of the plant material is maintained at a water layer depth of 2-5 cm or less; the method can achieve complete grass control and the survival rate of the planted target plant is ≥75%.

[0137] Preferably, the plant material has a covering thickness of 0.6-1.2 cm, and if the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained at a water layer depth of 1-4 cm after planting, and 4-8 days later, the water content of the plant material is maintained at a water layer depth of 2-5 cm or less; if the target plant is planted in the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained at a water layer depth of 1-3 cm or less, and 4-8 days later, the water content of the plant material is maintained at a water layer depth of 2-5 cm or less; the method can achieve complete grass control and the survival rate of the planted target plant is ≥80%.

[0138] Further, when the target plant is a dry land plant and the planting method is transplanting, the plant material is derived from at least one of rape, rice, wheat, corn, and soybean, and the average size of the plant material is not greater than 3 cm, and the plant material is uniformly covered on the carrier with a thickness of 0.3-12 cm; during the covering, the plant material is soaked in water, i.e., during the planting of the target plant, the water content of the plant material is adjusted to reach plant material saturation; if the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 100% of the saturated water content to a water layer depth of 2 cm or less, and 4-8 days later, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 30%-90% of the saturated water content; if the target plant is planted in the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 50%-100% of the saturated water content, and 4-8 days later, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 30%-80% of the saturated water content;

[0139] Preferably, the plant material is covered to a thickness of 0.6-2.5 cm, and if the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 100% of the saturated water content to a water layer depth of 2 cm or less, and after 4-8 days, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 30-90% of the saturated water content; if the target plant is planted in the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 50-100% of the saturated water content, and after 4-8 days, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 30-80% of the saturated water content, and the method can achieve complete weed control and a survival rate of the planted target plant of ≥75%;

[0140] Preferably, the plant material is covered to a thickness of 0.6-1.2 cm, and if the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 100% of the saturated water content to a water layer depth of 2 cm or less, and after 4-8 days, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 30-90% of the saturated water content; if the target plant is planted in the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 50-100% of the saturated water content, and after 4-8 days, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 30-80% of the saturated water content, and the method can achieve complete weed control and a survival rate of the planted target plant of ≥80%.

[0141] Further, when the target plant is rice and the planting method is direct seeding, the plant material is derived from at least one of rape, rice, wheat, corn, and soybean, and the average size of the plant material is not greater than 3 cm, and the plant material is uniformly covered on the carrier to a thickness of 0.3-12 cm; during the covering, the plant material is soaked in water, i.e., the water content of the plant material is adjusted to plant material saturation; if the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the time for maintaining the plant material at 100% of the saturated water content after planting is 5-8 days; if the target plant is planted in the plant material layer, the time for maintaining the water content of the plant material at 70-100% of the saturated water content after planting is 5-8 days;

[0142] Preferably, the plant material is covered to a thickness of 0.6-2.5 cm, and if the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 100% of the saturated water content to a water layer depth of 2 cm or less, and after 4-8 days, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 30-90% of the saturated water content; if the target plant is planted in the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 50-100% of the saturated water content, and after 4-8 days, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 30-80% of the saturated water content, and the method can achieve complete weed control and a survival rate of the planted target plant of ≥75%;

[0143] Preferably, the plant material is covered with a thickness of 0.6-1.2 cm, and if the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the time for maintaining the water content of the plant material at 100% of the saturated water content of the plant material after planting is 5-8 days; if the target plant is planted in the plant material layer, the time for maintaining the water content of the plant material at 80%-100% of the saturated water content of the plant material after planting is 5-8 days, and the method can achieve complete weed control and a survival rate of the planted target plant of ≥90%.

[0144] Further, when the target plant is rice and the planting method is transplanting, the plant material is derived from at least one of rape, rice, wheat, corn, and soybean, and the average size of the plant material is not greater than 3 cm, and the plant material is uniformly covered on the carrier with a thickness of 0.3-12 cm; during the covering, the plant material is soaked in water, i.e., during the planting of the target plant, the water content of the plant material is adjusted to reach plant material saturation; if the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material after planting is maintained at 70% of the saturated water content of the plant material to a water layer depth of less than 5 cm, and after 4-8 days, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 30% of the saturated water content of the plant material to a water layer depth of less than 8 cm; if the target plant is planted in the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 50% of the saturated water content of the plant material to a water layer depth of less than 5 cm, and after 4-8 days, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 20% of the saturated water content of the plant material to a water layer depth of less than 6 cm;

[0145] Preferably, the plant material is covered with a thickness of 0.6-2.5 cm, and if the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material after planting is 1-4 cm of water layer depth, and after 4-8 days, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 2-5 cm of water layer depth; if the target plant is planted in the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 1-4 cm of water layer depth, and after 4-8 days, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 2-5 cm of water layer depth; the method can achieve complete weed control and a survival rate of the planted target plant of ≥75%;

[0146] Preferably, the plant material is covered with a thickness of 0.6-1.2 cm, and if the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material after planting is 1-4 cm of water layer depth, and after 4-8 days, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 2-5 cm of water layer depth; if the target plant is planted in the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 1-4 cm of water layer depth, and after 4-8 days, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 2-5 cm of water layer depth; the method can achieve complete weed control and a survival rate of the planted target plant of ≥75%;

[0147] The water layer depth is maintained at 2-5 cm below the water layer depth of the plant material after 4-8 days, and if the target plant is planted in the plant material layer, the water layer depth of the plant material is maintained at 1-3 cm below the water layer depth of the plant material after 4-8 days, and the water layer depth of the plant material is maintained at 2-5 cm below the water layer depth of the plant material, and the method can achieve complete grass control and the survival rate of the planted target plant is ≥90%.

[0148] Further, the period within 1 day before planting the target plant is marked as the crop planting period, and the water content of the plant material is adjusted during the crop planting period to adapt to the growth of the target plant.

[0149] Further, if the target plant is planted in the plant material layer, the plant material is covered twice, and the first covering is more than 30% of the total amount of the plant material; preferably, the first covering is more than 50% of the total amount of the plant material; preferably, the first covering is more than 70% of the total amount of the plant material; preferably, the first covering is more than 80% of the total amount of the plant material; preferably, the first covering is more than 90% of the total amount of the plant material.

[0150] Further, the target plant of the present application is selected from at least one of the following: crops, fruit trees, economic crops, flowers, seedlings, forest trees, lawns, and Chinese medicinal materials; preferably rice (Oryza sativa L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), corn (Zea mays L.), soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), sweet potato (Dioscorea esculenta (Lour.) Burkill), cotton (Gossypium L.), flax (Linum usitatissimum L.), rapeseed (Brassica rapa var. oleifera de Candolle), peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa var. chinensis (Linnaeus) Kitamura), radish (Raphanus sativus L.), mustard (Brassica juncea var. tumida Tsen & Lee), cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata Linnaeus), cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis Linnaeus), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Miller), eggplant (Solanum melongena L.), pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata (Duch. ex Lam.) Duch. ex Poiret), wax gourd (Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn.), grape (Vitis vinifera L.), pear (Pyrus L.), citrus (Citrus reticulata Blanco), apple (Malus pumila Mill.), peach (Amygdalus persica L.), rose (Rosa rugosa Thunb.), butterfly orchid (Phalaenopsis aphrodite H. G. Reichenbach), orchid (Cymbidium Sw.), osmanthus (Osmanthus fragrans (Thunb.) Loureiro), camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl), pine (Pinus L.), and fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.One or more of the following: Manila grass (Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr.), honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica Thunb.), Corydalis yanhusuo WTWang, and Fritillaria cirrhosa D. Don.

[0151] Furthermore, the weeds mentioned in this invention are selected from at least one of the Poaceae, Cyperaceae, and broadleaf weeds; preferably, the Poaceae weeds include Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop., Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv., Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn., Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees, Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv., Echinochloa crus-galli var. mitis (Pursh) Petermann, Echinochloa crus-galli var. zelayensis (Kunth) Hitchcock, Echinochloa caudata Roshev., Echinochloa colona (Linnaeus) Link, and Echinochloa chinensis. oryzoides (Ard.) Flritsch.), Echinochloa crus ~ galli var. austrojaponensis Ohwi;

[0152] Preferably, the sedge weed is selected from any one or more of Cyperus rotundus L., Cyperus difformis L., Fimbristylis littoralis Grandich, Cyperus iria L., Schoenoplectus triqueter (Linnaeus) Palla, Bolboschoenus planiculmis (F. Schmidt) T.V. Egorova, Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (C.C. Gmelin) Palla, Eleocharis yokoscensis (Franchet & Savatier) Tang & F.T. Wang, Schoenoplectus wallichii (Nees) T. Koyama;

[0153] Preferably, the broad-leaved weeds are selected from any one or more of Acalypha australis L., Amaranthus retroflexus L., Chenopodium album L., Commelina communis L., Ammannia auriculata Willdenow, Ammannia multiflora Roxb., Ammannia coccinea Rottboll, Ammannia baccifera L., Ludwigia prostrata Roxb., Ludwigia adscendens (L.) Hara, Rotala indica (Willd.) Koehne, Rotala rotundifolia (Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb.) Koehne, Lindernia procumbens (Krock.) Borbas, Monochoria vaginalis (Burm. F.) Presl ex Kunth, Sagittaria pygmaea Miq., Eclipta prostrata (L.) L., Monochoria korsakowii Regel et Maack, Mazus pumilus (N.L.Burman) Steenis, Murdannia triquetra (Wall. ex C.B.Clarke) Bruckn., Potamogeton distinctus A. Bennett, Marsilea quadrifolia L. Sp., Sagittaria trifolia L.

[0154] The present application provides that the planting site of the target plant is selected from any one or more of farmland, forest land, park, green belt, uncultivated land, airport, wharf, bus station, train station, residential area, playground, farm, building, container, water body, and air.

[0155] Compared with the prior art, the method for controlling weeds and planting target plants simultaneously by placing plant material and then planting target plants is more conducive to controlling weeds than the prior art. One characteristic of weeds is that a large number of weed seeds that have fallen into farmland soil for many years accumulate in the soil, that is, a so-called weed seed bank in the soil, and once there is exposed soil and suitable temperature, moisture and light conditions, the weed seeds will germinate and grow, and most weeds germinate in a first-in-first-out manner, which can last for a long time, making it extremely difficult to control. The present application simultaneously achieves low cost, weed control and guarantee of survival rate of target plants by precisely controlling the water content of the plant material layer and each specific period (covering period, just before planting crops, after planting), especially the synergistic effect of different planting methods for different target plants, solving the problems of the prior art. First, the plant material (preferably the waste of the previous target plant, such as straw) can be immediately covered on the ground to block light when the target plant is harvested or after harvesting, or immediately after ploughing, thereby maximizing the avoidance of light exposure of weed seeds to break dormancy, reducing the number of weed seedlings, and inhibiting the photosynthesis of weeds that have germinated. Second, the present application can cover plant material on the most vulnerable weeds at the initial stage of weed germination, which can better inhibit weeds. Moreover, because the plant material is covered before the target plant is planted, the above operations do not pose a safety problem to the subsequent planting of target plants. The preferred time for covering straw in the prior art is 4-6 days after rice is directly sown, at which time the weeds such as barnyard grass have germinated and have a height of more than 2 cm, which is easy to lose control Figure 5 、 Figure 6 ). The present application is completely different from the operation mode of the prior art, fundamentally breaks the convention, and significantly improves the weed control effect and the survival rate of target plants.

[0156] The present application ingeniously utilizes the overall synergistic effect of plant material and the water content of each specific period (covering period, just before planting crops, after planting), further improves the weed control effect, and avoids adverse effects on target plants. The plant material can not be dried when it is covered, and water must be added during the covering period to maximize water absorption of the plant material, which is in a state of soaking or flooding. The weight of dried rape straw can reach nearly 6 times the original weight after water absorption (Table 4, Figure 24 B), the gravity of the plant material after water absorption greatly improves the suppression of weeds, and the weeds are more difficult to push up the plant material covering layer. Moreover, the plant material after water absorption is more compact, with smaller voids, and has a better light-blocking effect, which can better inhibit the germination and growth of weeds. In addition, oxygen is needed for the germination of weed seeds, and at this time, flooding reduces the oxygen concentration around the weed seeds, thereby inhibiting their germination Figure 20 、 Figure 25 B figure, Figure 26(See Figure B). By maintaining mulch for a sustained period, weeds are killed or prevented from causing harm. On the other hand, for the target plants, precise control of the plant material layer's moisture content during and after planting is crucial to accommodate their growth and avoid adverse effects. However, existing technologies require the plant material to be dried and cut before mulching, and the initial period after mulching coincides with the critical weed germination period. To ensure the safety of the target plants, a water layer is essential, thus negating almost all of the aforementioned advantages. Figure 5 , Figure 6 Therefore, this invention breaks through the technical prejudice of existing technologies that plant materials must be dried and that plants must be planted after direct seeding.

[0157] The present invention has the following significant technical effects:

[0158] This invention innovatively explores and utilizes the combined spatial steric hindrance effect of target plants above weeds to control weeds. For example, in the case of planting target plants after mulch in the field, the target plants are planted in the mulch layer, while weed seeds are in the carrier (soil) below the mulch. The resulting synergistic effect is threefold: First, the target plants act as a weight on top of the weeds, their gravity acting as a resistance that the weeds must overcome to grow upwards. Second, the stems and leaves of the target plants not only provide shade, but the far-red light from the sunlight not absorbed by the upper target plants also inhibits weed seed germination. Third, the large, dense root system of the target plants, once grown, forms another barrier preventing later-germinating weeds from growing upwards, providing both gravitational suppression and light-blocking effects. Figure 2 Fourth, the target plant's roots quickly penetrate the plant material layer and enter the soil; for example, a rice plant may have more than five roots within six days of sowing. Figure 19 A, Figure 2 These roots act like nails, firmly fixing the plant material layer to the soil surface and making the plant material layer more compact. Figure 2 , Figure 21 Therefore, the resistance that weeds need to overcome to grow upwards far exceeds the weight of the plant material itself. As target plants such as rice grow rapidly, their weight increases rapidly, their stems and leaves provide greater shading, and they create more and deeper "nails" (roots), resulting in an increasingly greater overall weed suppression effect. On the other hand, for the target plants, it was unexpectedly discovered that rice seeds planted on the surface of the plant material layer developed more roots than those sown on the soil surface. Figure 19 A) It was also found that even without supplemental plant nutrition, rice roots can penetrate a certain thickness of plant material layer to reach the underlying carrier layer (such as soil) and grow normally. Figure 2 , Figure 4) and normal growth. Therefore, controlling the thickness of the plant material layer can both control weeds and miraculously allow the target plants to grow above, achieving two extremely meaningful purposes at the same time. Most weed seeds are located on the surface of the soil, and in conventional planting methods, target plant seeds and weed seeds are basically at the same level in the soil. Even seeds of corn, soybeans, etc. are sown 3-6 cm below the surface of the weed seeds, so the prior art does not have the above advantages.

[0159] An outstanding advantage of the present application is that it opens up and utilizes the spatial steric effect of target plants above and weeds below to control weeds. For example, in the case of planting target plants after covering the field with plant material, the target plants of the present application are planted in the plant material layer, while the weed seeds are in the carrier (soil) below the plant material. The resulting comprehensive effect is that the target plants are objects that are pressed on the "heads" of the weeds, and their gravity is the resistance that the weeds need to overcome to grow upward; secondly, the stems and leaves of the target plants not only have a shading effect, but also the far-red light in sunlight that is not absorbed by the upper target plants has an inhibitory effect on the germination of weed seeds; thirdly, the large and dense root system of the target plants forms another barrier to the upward growth of weeds that germinate slightly later, playing a role in gravity suppression and light blocking effect( Figure 2 ). Fourthly, the target plant roots quickly penetrate the plant material layer into the soil, such as more than 5 roots of a rice plant 6 days after sowing( Figure 19 A、 Figure 2 ). These roots, like nails, firmly fix the plant material layer on the soil surface, making the plant material layer more compact( Figure 2 、 Figure 21 ), so the resistance that the weeds need to overcome to grow upward is far greater than the weight of the plant material itself. With the rapid growth of target plants such as rice, their weight increases rapidly, the shading effect of the stems and leaves is greater, and the "nails" are more and deeper, and the comprehensive inhibition of weeds is greater and greater. On the other hand, for target plants, it is unexpectedly found that rice seeds planted on the surface of the plant material layer grow more roots than those sown on the surface of the soil( Figure 19 A), and it is also found that even without the addition of plant nutrients, the rice roots can penetrate a certain thickness of the plant material layer to reach the carrier layer (such as soil) below and grow normally( Figure 2 、 Figure 4) and the target plants can grow normally. Therefore, the plant material layer of a certain thickness can control the weeds below and make the target plants grow above, which can achieve two purposes. Most of the weed seeds are on the surface of the soil, and the target seeds and the weed seeds are at the same level in the soil in the conventional planting method. Even the seeds of corn and soybean are planted 3-6 cm below the surface of the weed seeds, so the prior art does not have the above advantages.

[0160] An outstanding advantage of the present application is that it simplifies the farming operation, saves time, saves a large amount of labor cost, and reduces huge energy consumption. The present application can reduce the drying of plant material during plowing and planting. On the other hand, after the target plants are harvested, the fresh plant material such as straw can be covered on the ground, and the target plants can be planted after watering, which is a major technical innovation in light plant cultivation. The heavy and time-consuming cultivation of crops is greatly simplified, which greatly reduces the manpower and material resources of the existing technology for removing straw, plowing, land preparation, drying straw, bagging, and transporting, etc. It also greatly saves time and maximizes the use of valuable plant growing season. It also greatly reduces the energy consumption of the existing technology for removing straw, plowing, land preparation, drying straw, and transportation, etc. The harvesting and plant material crushing and spreading can be completed in one step by using a machine such as a harvester, which further greatly improves the efficiency, representing the future development direction of the deep integration of green planting technology and mechanization (Table 10).

[0161] An outstanding advantage of the present application is that it provides strong technical support for the control of drug-resistant weeds that have caused disasters. For a long time, the control of weeds in farmland has mainly relied on pesticides, and the development of new drugs is very difficult. In recent years, drug-resistant weeds have developed rapidly, and it is difficult to find effective control measures for large-scale application. In some places, the loss of grain is serious. The present application can effectively control drug-resistant weeds and delay the development of drug resistance.

[0162] An outstanding advantage of the present application is that it can greatly reduce the use of drugs and fertilizers, improve the quality of agricultural products, recycle plant materials, and improve the ecological environment. The present application has an ideal weed control effect, which can greatly reduce the use of herbicides and reduce chemical pesticide pollution. In addition, the plant material can be used to improve soil fertility, reduce soil bulk density, and increase soil organic matter content, thereby gradually reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer. Therefore, the quality of agricultural products is significantly improved, and the ecological environment is improved, which will have a profound impact on the development of sustainable agriculture in China.

[0163] An outstanding advantage of the present application is that it has an ideal weed control effect Figure 20 、 Figure 25 B、Figure 26 B), the survival rate of the target plant is significantly improved, the yield of agricultural products is increased, and the income is significantly increased. The grass control effect of the present application is significantly better than that of the prior art, and the adverse effects of plant material scattering and water on the target plant are avoided, thereby increasing the yield of the target plant and significantly increasing the income.

[0164] An outstanding advantage of the present application is that the plant material is placed first, and then the target plant is planted, which is more beneficial to controlling weeds than the prior art. One characteristic of weeds is that a large number of weed seeds have accumulated in the farmland soil for many years, so-called "seed bank" of weeds in the soil, once there is exposed soil and suitable temperature, moisture and light conditions, the weed seeds will germinate and grow, and most weeds emerge in a first-in-first-out manner, which can last for a long time, making it extremely difficult to control. First, the plant material (preferably the straw of the previous target plant and other waste) can be covered on the ground to block light immediately after the target plant is harvested or after the soil is prepared, which can maximize the avoidance of light exposure of weed seeds and reduce the number of weed seedlings. The plant material can inhibit the photosynthesis of the weeds that have germinated. Second, the plant material can be covered on the weeds at their most vulnerable stage, which can better inhibit the weeds. Moreover, since the plant material is covered before the target plant is planted, the above operations do not pose a safety problem to the subsequent planting of the target plant. The preferred time for covering the straw in the prior art is 4-6 days after rice is directly sown, at which time the weeds such as barnyard grass have emerged and have a height of more than 2 cm, which is easy to lose control. Figures 5-7 ) The operation mode of the present application is completely different from that of the prior art, which fundamentally breaks through the conventional method and significantly improves the survival rate of the target plant and the grass control effect.

[0165] An outstanding advantage of the present application is that the plant material and water are used to synergistically control weeds, which further improves the grass control effect while avoiding adverse effects on the target plant. The plant material does not need to be dried when it is covered, and water must be added during the covering period to maximize water absorption of the plant material and to keep it in a soaking or flooding state. The weight of dried rape straw can reach nearly 6 times that of the original after water absorption (Table 4, Figure 24 B), the weight of the plant material after water absorption greatly improves the gravity suppression effect on weeds, which are more difficult to push up the plant material cover. Moreover, the plant material after water absorption is more compact and has smaller gaps, which has a better light-blocking effect and can better inhibit the germination and growth of weeds. Figure 20 、 Figure 25 B、 Figure 26B), by covering for a period of time, the weeds are killed or do not cause harm. On the other hand, for the target plants, during and after the target plants are about to be planted, the moisture content of the plant material layer is precisely controlled to adapt to the growth of the target plants, avoiding adverse effects. While the plant material in the prior art must be dried before being sheared and covered, and during the initial period after being covered, which is also the critical period of weed germination, to ensure the safety of the target plants, there can be no water layer, so it almost has the above advantages. Figure 5 、 Figure 6 ) Therefore, the present application breaks through the technical prejudice that the plant material in the prior art must be dried. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0166] Figure 1 : Schematic diagram of different ways of using plant material to plant target plants and / or control weeds. The plant material is placed on the surface of the carrier (such as soil) (A), the reproductive organs and seedlings of the target plants are planted in the plant material layer (B), and after a certain period of time, the target plants grow well and the effect of controlling weeds is ideal (C).

[0167] Figure 2 : Actual picture of planting reproductive organs of target plants on the surface of the plant material layer.

[0168] Figure 3 : Schematic diagram of planting reproductive organs and seedlings of target plants in the plant material layer. The plant material is placed on the surface of the carrier (such as soil) (A), the reproductive organs and seedlings of the target plants are planted in the plant material layer (B), and after a certain period of time, the target plants grow well and the effect of controlling weeds is ideal (C).

[0169] Figure 4 : Actual picture of planting reproductive organs of target plants in the plant material layer.

[0170] Figure 5 : Schematic diagram of the method of controlling weeds in rice fields using rapeseed straw in the prior art. After the target plants and weeds germinate (A), dry and crushed rapeseed straw or a mixture with rapeseed pods is applied (B), and after a certain period of time, the growth of the target plants is affected to a certain extent, and the effect of controlling weeds is limited (C).

[0171] Figure 6 : Actual picture of the method of controlling weeds in rice fields using rapeseed straw in the prior art (covering rapeseed straw on the carrier after planting rice).

[0172] Figure 7 : Schematic diagram of the technology of covering and returning straw after being cut by machine for direct seeding. The straw is cut into long stems by machine and covered and returned to the field (A), and the seeds of the target plants are directly seeded in the soil layer using a seeding machine (B), and after a certain period of time, the growth of the target plants is affected to a certain extent, and since the straw is too long and there can be no water layer, the effect of controlling weeds is not ideal (C).

[0173] Figure 8 : Photo of conventional rice growth with many weeds after direct sowing.

[0174] Figure 9 : Schematic diagram of plant material shape for planting target plants and / or controlling weeds.

[0175] Figure 10 : Schematic diagram of plant initial stem-root differentiation point, stem base point, and plant initial stem-root differentiation point height, stem base point height for different planting methods of target plants, wherein: target plant reproductive organs are planted on the surface of the plant material layer (A, B); target plant reproductive organs are planted in the plant material layer (C); target plant seedlings are planted on the surface of the plant material layer (D); conventional target plants of the prior art are planted on the surface of the carrier (such as soil) (E).

[0176] Figure 11 : Photo of the initial stem-root differentiation point of the seedling of rice seeds growing on the surface of the rapeseed straw material layer.

[0177] Figure 12 : Photo of the initial stem-root differentiation point of the seedling of wheat seeds growing on the surface of the rapeseed straw material layer.

[0178] Figure 13 : Photo of the initial stem-root differentiation point of the seedling of rapeseed seeds growing on the surface of the rapeseed straw material layer.

[0179] Figure 14 : Photo of the initial stem-root differentiation point of the seedling of corn seeds growing on the surface of the wheat straw material layer.

[0180] Figure 15 : Photo of the initial stem-root differentiation point of the seedling of cucumbers growing on the surface of the wheat straw material layer.

[0181] Figure 16 : Photo of the initial stem-root differentiation point of the seedling of soybean seeds growing on the surface of the soybean straw material layer.

[0182] Figure 17 : Photo of the initial stem-root differentiation point and stem base point of a rice plant.

[0183] Figure 18 : Schematic diagram of different long-root plant species (A shows plants with roots concentrated in the stem base; B shows plant species with more than two parts of the stem growing roots; C shows basal creeping or vine plant species; D shows plant species without obvious stems).

[0184] Figure 19Comparison of the rice seedlings of the present application and the conventional method. The rice was directly sowed on the surface of the soil covered with rape straw (the length of the straw is about 0.2 cm, and the thickness is 1.08 cm) for 3 days, and the small seedlings of the rice grew for 6 days. The root system of the rice (A) can be seen by naked eyes. The rice was directly sowed on the surface of the soil covered with rape straw (the length of the straw is about 1 cm, and the thickness is 1.08 cm) for 3 days according to the prior art, and the small seedlings of the rice grew for 6 days. More than 95% of the root system of the rice (B) cannot be seen by naked eyes.

[0185] Figure 20 Comparison of the rice seedlings of the present application and the conventional method. The rice was directly sowed on the surface of the soil covered with rape straw (the length of the straw is about 0.2 cm, and the thickness is 1.08 cm) for 3 days, and the small seedlings of the rice grew for 6 days. The root system of the rice (A) can be seen by naked eyes. The rice was directly sowed on the surface of the soil covered with rape straw (the length of the straw is about 1 cm, and the thickness is 1.08 cm) for 3 days according to the prior art, and the small seedlings of the rice grew for 6 days. More than 95% of the root system of the rice (B) cannot be seen by naked eyes.

[0186] Figure 21 Growth and rooting of the rice of the present application on the rape straw. The rice was directly sowed on the surface of the soil covered with rape straw (the length of the straw is about 1 cm, and the thickness is 1.08 cm), and the root system of the rice had penetrated the straw to reach the substrate layer (the straw was artificially pulled apart, and the aboveground part of the rice was cut off) after the rice grew normally for 15 days.

[0187] Figure 22 Schematic diagram of the control effect of rape straw mixture with different amounts on five kinds of weeds under the condition of no water layer.

[0188] Figure 23 Schematic diagram of the germination rule of barnyard grass after sowing.

[0189] Figure 24 Field test actual object diagram of the present application and the relative position of the seed of the rice when directly sowed according to the prior art (A: the seed of the rice of the prior art is sowed on the soil; B: the seed of the rice of the present application is sowed on the surface of the layer of plant materials).

[0190] Figure 25 Field test actual object diagram of the control effect of weeds and the safety of the rice of the present application (A: the seed of the rice of the prior art is sowed on the soil for 20 days without controlling weeds, and there are many weeds; B: the seed of the rice of the present application is sowed on the surface of the layer of plant materials (the length of the corn straw is about 1 cm, and the thickness is 0.84 cm) for 20 days, and the harm of weeds is completely controlled, and the rice grows well).

[0191] Figure 26 Field test actual object diagram of the control effect of weeds and the safety of the rice of the present application (A: the seed of the rice of the prior art is sowed on the soil for 50 days without controlling weeds, and the harm of weeds is very serious; B: the seed of the rice of the present application is sowed on the surface of the layer of plant materials (the length of the corn straw is about 1 cm, and the thickness is 0.84 cm) for 50 days, and the harm of weeds is completely controlled, and the rice grows well).

[0192] Figure 27Photos of rice seedlings 4 days after direct seeding of conventional rice. The photos show that the growth of rice seedlings is uneven 4 days after direct seeding of conventional rice (the seedlings grow crookedly and the shorter seedlings are easily crushed when plant materials are spread).

[0193] Figure 28 : Schematic diagram of the dimensions of the plant material of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0194] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments. For those skilled in the art, obvious changes and substitutions are all within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0195] This invention provides a method for simultaneously controlling weeds and planting target plants using plant materials. In this invention, plant materials are placed on the surface of a carrier (such as soil). Figure 1 A), the target plant reproductive organs and seedlings are planted on the surface or in the plant material layer (A), Figure 1 B), after a certain period of time, the target plants grow well, and the weed control effect is ideal. Figure 1 C). Positional Relationship: Bottom layer: Carrier; Middle layer: Plant material layer; Target plant reproductive organs or seedling roots are located on the surface or within the plant material layer. This invention emphasizes that the plant material does not need to be sun-dried, especially after placement, it must reach a certain moisture content. Furthermore, high or relatively high moisture content of the plant material layer is required both before and after planting the target plant. This invention is diametrically opposed to existing technologies, where plant material must be cut and dried to prevent crushing of the target plant—a necessary technical measure. Existing technologies also require a small amount of plant material to be sprinkled in, again to avoid crushing the target plant. However, this negatively impacts weed control to some extent (as some weeds are not crushed). On the other hand, slower-growing or weaker target plants are affected by the gravity of the plant material layer, leading to their death or inhibited growth.

[0196] In a preferred embodiment, different thicknesses of the plant material layer can be used to control different types of weeds. For example, under waterless conditions, to achieve a weed control effect of over 95% against Echinochloa crus-galli, Amaranthus auricula-judae, Cyperus difformis, and Polygonum hydropiper, a mixture of rapeseed straw and rapeseed pods needs to be used as a cover, with a cover thickness of 0.72 cm (600 g / m²). 2 ), 0.84cm (700g / m 2 ), 0.96cm (800g / m 2 ), 1.08cm (900g / m 2 ()( Figure 22 ).

[0197] Further, the target plant is planted within 12 months after the layer of plant material is placed (T=0 day); preferably, the target plant is planted within 30 days after the layer of plant material is placed (T=0 day); more preferably, the target plant is planted within 10 days after the layer of plant material is placed (T=1 day).

[0198] Further, the target plant is planted on the surface and / or in the layer of the layer of plant material, which can be optionally performed in one of the following four ways, or a combination thereof:

[0199] Way one: placing plant material on the carrier, precisely controlling the water content of the plant material, and planting the propagating organ of the target plant on the surface of the layer of plant material (see Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 10 B) of the specification;

[0200] Way two: placing plant material on the carrier, precisely controlling the water content of the plant material, and planting the seedling of the target plant on the surface of the layer of plant material (see Figure 1 , Figure 10 D) of the specification;

[0201] Way three: placing plant material on the carrier, precisely controlling the water content of the plant material, and planting the propagating organ in the layer of the layer of plant material (see Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 10 C) of the specification;

[0202] Way four: placing plant material on the carrier, precisely controlling the water content of the plant material, and planting the seedling of the target plant in the layer of the layer of plant material (see Figure 3 , Figure 4 ) of the specification;

[0203] Further, the initial stem-root differentiation point of the target plant is ≥0.2 cm.

[0204] Further, the sowing depth of the target plant is selected according to the size of the propagating organ of the target plant: when the longest side (D) of the propagating organ is not greater than 0.2 cm, the sowing depth is not greater than 3 cm below the surface of the layer of plant material; preferably, the sowing depth is not greater than 1 cm below the surface of the layer of plant material; more preferably, the sowing depth is not greater than 0.5 cm below the surface of the layer of plant material.

[0205] When the longest side of the reproductive organ is greater than 0.2 cm and not greater than 0.5 cm, the sowing depth below the surface of the layer of plant material is not greater than 10 cm; preferably, the sowing depth below the surface of the layer of plant material is not greater than 5 cm; more preferably, the sowing depth below the surface of the layer of plant material is not greater than 3 cm.

[0206] When the longest side of the reproductive organ is greater than 0.5 cm, the sowing depth below the surface of the layer of plant material is not greater than 12 cm; preferably, the sowing depth below the surface of the layer of plant material is not greater than 5 cm.

[0207] The specific techniques and effects of the present application are illustrated below in connection with specific examples and comparative examples.

[0208] Example 1, the plant material is cut into pieces with a longest side of 0.1-1 cm. In a water-seeded rice field, the plant material is uniformly and once applied in a thickness of 0.7-2.0 cm at 0-3 days after conventional ploughing. Then the plant material is soaked by irrigation. At 1-3 days after the plant material is covered, 666.7 m2 of water is applied to the field. 2 Urea 5-10 kg and compound fertilizer (N+P2O5+K2O≥45%) 40-80 kg are applied in the field, and the plant material is brought to its saturated water content just before the crop is planted, and then the rice is sown on the surface of the layer of plant material. After planting, the plant material is maintained at 70% of its saturated water content for 7 days, and then normal management is carried out. The target plants grow normally, and the grass control effect is ideal.

[0209] Example 2, the plant material is cut into pieces with a length of 0.1-1 cm. In a water-seeded rice field, the plant material is uniformly and once applied at 0-3 days after ploughing, corresponding to 400-900 g / m2 of dry weight. Then the plant material is soaked by irrigation. At 1-3 days after the plant material is covered, 666.7 m2 of water is applied to the field. 2 Urea 5-10 kg and compound fertilizer (N+P2O5+K2O≥45%) 40-80 kg are applied in the field, and the plant material is brought to its saturated water content just before the crop is planted, and then the rice is sown on the surface of the layer of plant material. After planting, the plant material is maintained at 70% of its saturated water content for 7 days, and then normal management is carried out. The target plants grow normally, and the grass control effect is ideal. 2 Urea 5-10 kg and compound fertilizer (N+P2O5+K2O≥45%) 40-80 kg are applied in the field, and the plant material is brought to its saturated water content just before the crop is planted, and then the rice is sown on the surface of the layer of plant material. After planting, the plant material is maintained at 70% of its saturated water content for 7 days, and then normal management is carried out. The target plants grow normally, and the grass control effect is ideal.

[0210] Example 3, the plant material is cut into pieces with a length of 0.1-1 cm. In a dry-seeded rice field, the plant material is uniformly and once applied at 0-3 days after ploughing, corresponding to 400-900 g / m2 of dry weight. After the straw is covered, multiple watering or irrigation is carried out every day to soak the straw. At 1-3 days after the straw is covered, 666.7 m2 of water is applied to the field. 2 Urea 5-10 kg and compound fertilizer (N+P2O5+K2O≥45%) 40-80 kg are applied in the field, and the plant material is brought to its saturated water content just before the crop is planted, and then the rice is sown on the surface of the layer of plant material. After planting, the plant material is maintained at 70% of its saturated water content for 7 days, and then normal management is carried out. The target plants grow normally, and the grass control effect is ideal. 2The plant material is saturated with water and then rice is planted in the layer of plant material. The water content of the plant material is maintained at 40-100% of its saturated water content for 5-15 days after planting, after which the crop is managed normally. The target plants grow normally and weeds are controlled satisfactorily.

[0211] Example 4, in areas where rice is planted after rape is harvested, at the time of rape harvest, fresh rape straw and rape field weeds are cut into 0.1-1 cm long pieces with a machine and then directly and evenly spread over the surface of the original field plot. Then the straw is soaked with water. One to three days after the straw is spread, 666.7 m2 of the field is watered with 100-200 kg of water. The water content of the plant material is maintained at 40-100% of its saturated water content for 5-15 days after planting, after which the crop is managed normally. The target plants grow normally and weeds are controlled satisfactorily. 2 The plant material is saturated with water and then rice is planted in the layer of plant material. The water content of the plant material is maintained at 40-100% of its saturated water content for 5-15 days after planting, after which the crop is managed normally. The target plants grow normally and weeds are controlled satisfactorily.

[0212] Example 5, in areas where rice is planted after rape is harvested, at the time of rape harvest, fresh rape straw and rape field weeds are cut into 0.1-1 cm long pieces with a machine and then directly and evenly spread over the surface of the original field plot. Then the straw is soaked with water. One to three days after the straw is spread, 666.7 m2 of the field is watered with 100-200 kg of water. The water content of the plant material is maintained at 40-100% of its saturated water content for 5-15 days after planting, after which the crop is managed normally. The target plants grow normally and weeds are controlled satisfactorily. 2 The plant material is saturated with water and then rice is planted in the layer of plant material. The water content of the plant material is maintained at 40-100% of its saturated water content for 5-15 days after planting, after which the crop is managed normally. The target plants grow normally and weeds are controlled satisfactorily.

[0213] Example 6, in areas where upland rice is planted after rape is harvested, at the time of rape harvest, fresh rape straw and rape field weeds are cut into 0.1-1 cm long pieces with a machine and then directly and evenly spread over the surface of the original field plot. After the straw is spread, the straw is soaked with water several times a day. One to three days after the straw is spread, 666.7 m2 of the field is watered with 100-200 kg of water. The water content of the plant material is maintained at 40-100% of its saturated water content for 5-15 days after planting, after which the crop is managed normally. The target plants grow normally and weeds are controlled satisfactorily. 2 The plant material is saturated with water and then rice is planted in the layer of plant material. The water content of the plant material is maintained at 40-100% of its saturated water content for 5-15 days after planting, after which the crop is managed normally. The target plants grow normally and weeds are controlled satisfactorily.

[0214] Example 7, in the area where rice is planted after rape harvest, at the time of rape harvest, fresh rape straw and rape field weeds are cut into 0.1-1 cm long pieces by machine and directly evenly spread on the surface of the original field plot. Then the straw is soaked with irrigation water. 1-3 days after the straw is spread, 666.7 m2 of the field is planted with 1-2 rice seedlings, and the water layer depth is 5 cm or less. After the rape is threshed, the rape hulls are spread on the field after planting. Normal management is carried out thereafter. The target plants grow normally, and the grass control effect is ideal. 2 Compound fertilizer (N+P2O5+K2O≥45%) is applied to the field at 30-80 kg, and the plant material is brought to its saturated water content just before the target plants are planted, and then the rice is transplanted on the surface of the plant material layer by the dibble method. After planting, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 70% of its saturated water content to a water layer depth of 5 cm or less for 5-15 days. After the rape is threshed, the rape hulls are spread on the field after planting. Normal management is carried out thereafter. The target plants grow normally, and the grass control effect is ideal.

[0215] Example 8, in the area where rice is planted after rape harvest, at the time of rape harvest, fresh rape straw and rape field weeds are cut into 0.1-1 cm long pieces by machine and directly evenly spread on the surface of the original field plot. Then the straw is soaked with irrigation water. 1-3 days after the straw is spread, 666.7 m2 of the field is planted with 1-2 rice seedlings, and the water layer depth is 5 cm or less. After the rape is threshed, the rape hulls are spread on the field after planting. Normal management is carried out thereafter. The target plants grow normally, and the grass control effect is ideal. 2 Compound fertilizer (N+P2O5+K2O≥45%) is applied to the field at 30-80 kg, and the plant material is brought to its saturated water content just before the target plants are planted, and then the rice is transplanted on the surface of the plant material layer by the dibble method. After planting, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 70% of its saturated water content to a water layer depth of 5 cm or less for 5-15 days. After the rape is threshed, the rape hulls are spread on the field after planting. Normal management is carried out thereafter. The target plants grow normally, and the grass control effect is ideal.

[0216] Example 9, in the area where rice is planted after rape harvest, at the time of rape harvest, fresh rape straw and rape field weeds are cut into 0.1-1 cm long pieces by machine and directly evenly spread on the surface of the original field plot. Then the straw is soaked with irrigation water. 1-3 days after the straw is spread, 666.7 m2 of the field is planted with 1-2 rice seedlings, and the water layer depth is 5 cm or less. After the rape is threshed, the rape hulls are spread on the field after planting. Normal management is carried out thereafter. The target plants grow normally, and the grass control effect is ideal. 2 Compound fertilizer (N+P2O5+K2O≥45%) is applied to the field at 30-80 kg, and the plant material is brought to its saturated water content just before the target plants are planted, and then the rice is transplanted on the surface of the plant material layer by the dibble method. After planting, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 70% of its saturated water content to a water layer depth of 5 cm or less for 5-15 days. After the rape is threshed, the rape hulls are spread on the field after planting. Normal management is carried out thereafter. The target plants grow normally, and the grass control effect is ideal.

[0217] Example 10, at the time of rape harvest, fresh rape straw and rape field weeds are cut into 0.1-1 cm long pieces by machine and directly evenly spread on the surface of the original field plot. Then the straw is soaked with irrigation water. 1-7 days after the straw is spread, 666.7 m2 of the field is planted with 1-2 rice seedlings, and the water layer depth is 5 cm or less. After the rape is threshed, the rape hulls are spread on the field after planting. Normal management is carried out thereafter. The target plants grow normally, and the grass control effect is ideal. 2The farmland is applied with compound fertilizer (N+P2O5+K2O≥45%) 30-80 kg, and the plant material is made to reach its saturated water content just before the target plant is planted, and then the corn seeds are planted in the plant material layer. The water content of the plant material is maintained to maintain 30%-90% of its saturated water content for 7 days after planting, and then normal management is carried out. The target plant grows normally, and the grass control effect is ideal.

[0218] Example 11, at the time of rape harvest, the fresh rape straw and rape field weeds are cut into 0.1-1 cm long pieces by machine, and then directly and uniformly covered on the ground surface. Then the straw is soaked by watering. 1-7 days after the straw is covered, 666.7 m 2 The farmland is applied with compound fertilizer (N+P2O5+K2O≥45%) 30-80 kg, and the plant material is made to reach its saturated water content just before the target plant is planted, and then the corn seeds are planted in the plant material layer. The water content of the plant material is maintained to maintain 30%-90% of its saturated water content for 7 days after planting, and then normal management is carried out. The target plant grows normally, and the grass control effect is ideal.

[0219] Example 11, at the time of rape harvest, the fresh rape straw and rape field weeds are cut into 0.1-1 cm long pieces by machine, and then directly and uniformly covered on the ground surface. Then the straw is soaked by watering. 1-7 days after the straw is covered, 666.7 m 2 The farmland is applied with compound fertilizer (N+P2O5+K2O≥45%) 30-80 kg, and the plant material is made to reach its saturated water content just before the target plant is planted, and then the corn seeds are planted in the plant material layer. The water content of the plant material is maintained to maintain 30%-90% of its saturated water content for 7 days after planting, and then normal management is carried out. The target plant grows normally, and the grass control effect is ideal.

[0220] Example 11, at the time of rape harvest, the fresh rape straw and rape field weeds are cut into 0.1-1 cm long pieces by machine, and then directly and uniformly covered on the ground surface. Then the straw is soaked by watering. 1-7 days after the straw is covered, 666.7 m 2 The farmland is applied with compound fertilizer (N+P2O5+K2O≥45%) 30-80 kg, and the plant material is made to reach its saturated water content just before the target plant is planted, and then the corn seeds are planted in the plant material layer. The water content of the plant material is maintained to maintain 30%-90% of its saturated water content for 7 days after planting, and then normal management is carried out. The target plant grows normally, and the grass control effect is ideal.

[0221] Example 14, at the time of rape harvest, fresh rape straw and rape field weeds are cut into 0.1-1 cm long pieces with a machine and directly evenly spread over the ground surface. Then the straw is soaked by irrigation. 1-7 days after the straw is covered, the plant material is brought to its saturated water content during the period just before the target plant is planted, 666.7 m2 of plant material is used per 1 kg of target plant seeds, and then the seeds of the target plant are planted in the plant material layer. After planting, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 30%-100% of its saturated water content for 5-15 days, and then normal management is carried out. The target plant grows normally and the weed control effect is ideal. 2 Compound fertilizer (N+P2O5+K2O≥45%) is applied to the farmland at 30-80 kg, and then the seeds of the orchid are planted in the plant material layer. After planting, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 30%-100% of its saturated water content for 5-15 days, and then normal management is carried out. The target plant grows normally and the weed control effect is ideal.

[0222] Example 15, at the time of rape harvest, fresh rape straw and rape field weeds are cut into 0.1-1 cm long pieces with a machine and directly evenly spread over the ground surface. Then the straw is soaked by irrigation. 1-7 days after the straw is covered, the plant material is brought to its saturated water content during the period just before the target plant is planted, 666.7 m2 of plant material is used per 1 kg of target plant seeds, and then the seeds of the target plant are planted in the plant material layer. After planting, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 30%-100% of its saturated water content for 5-15 days, and then normal management is carried out. The target plant grows normally and the weed control effect is ideal. 2 Compound fertilizer (N+P2O5+K2O≥45%) is applied to the farmland at 30-80 kg, and then the seeds of the orchid are planted in the plant material layer. After planting, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 30%-100% of its saturated water content for 5-15 days, and then normal management is carried out. The target plant grows normally and the weed control effect is ideal.

[0223] Example 16, at the time of rape harvest, fresh rape straw and rape field weeds are cut into 0.1-1 cm long pieces with a machine and directly evenly spread over the ground surface. Then the straw is soaked by irrigation. 1-7 days after the straw is covered, the plant material is brought to its saturated water content during the period just before the target plant is planted, 666.7 m2 of plant material is used per 1 kg of target plant seeds, and then the seeds of the target plant are planted in the plant material layer. After planting, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 30%-100% of its saturated water content for 5-15 days, and then normal management is carried out. The target plant grows normally and the weed control effect is ideal. 2 Compound fertilizer (N+P2O5+K2O≥45%) is applied to the farmland at 30-80 kg, and then the seeds of the orchid are planted in the plant material layer. After planting, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 30%-100% of its saturated water content for 5-15 days, and then normal management is carried out. The target plant grows normally and the weed control effect is ideal.

[0224] Example 17, corn straw is cut into 0.1-1 cm long pieces. 1.0 kg of corn straw in dry weight is mixed with 50-300 g of compound fertilizer (N+P2O5+K2O≥45%) evenly, and then put into a container and water is added to soak the straw. The plant material is brought to its saturated water content during the period just before the target plant is planted, and then the seeds of the jasmine are planted in the plant material layer. After planting, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 30%-90% of its saturated water content for 7 days. Then normal management is carried out. The target plant grows normally.

[0225] Example 18, plant material corn stalks are cut into pieces of 0.1-1 cm long. 10.0 kg of corn stalks corresponding to the dry weight are mixed evenly with 0.50-3 kg of compound fertilizer (N+P2O5+K2O≥45%). A layer of soil is first laid on the roof, then the stalks are placed, and water is added to wet the stalks. The plant material is brought to its saturation water content just before the target plants are planted, and then lawn grass is planted on the surface of the layer of plant material. The water content of the plant material is maintained at 40%-100% of its saturation water content for 7 days after planting. The target plants grow normally.

[0226] Example 19, after the wheat is harvested, base fertilizer is applied in the conventional manner, the weeds in the field are cut into pieces of 1-3 cm long by machine and then scattered in the field, and then fresh wheat stalks are directly and evenly laid on the surface of the original plot without being cut, the wheat stalks are basically laid in parallel, and should not be laid in a crisscross manner, and should be laid in a compact manner. Then the stalks are soaked by irrigation. 1-7 days after the stalks are laid, the plant material is brought to its saturation water content just before the target plants are planted, and then rice seeds are sown on the surface of the layer of plant material. The plant material is maintained at 70% of its saturation water content for 7 days after planting. 5 days after the rice is planted, 10-20 kg of urea is applied per 666.7 m2of farmland, and then normal management is carried out. The target plants grow normally, and the weed control effect is ideal. 2 Example 19, after the wheat is harvested, base fertilizer is applied in the conventional manner, the weeds in the field are cut into pieces of 1-3 cm long by machine and then scattered in the field, and then fresh wheat stalks are directly and evenly laid on the surface of the original plot without being cut, the wheat stalks are basically laid in parallel, and should not be laid in a crisscross manner, and should be laid in a compact manner. Then the stalks are soaked by irrigation. 1-7 days after the stalks are laid, the plant material is brought to its saturation water content just before the target plants are planted, and then rice seeds are sown on the surface of the layer of plant material. The plant material is maintained at 70% of its saturation water content for 7 days after planting. 5 days after the rice is planted, 10-20 kg of urea is applied per 666.7 m2of farmland, and then normal management is carried out. The target plants grow normally, and the weed control effect is ideal.

[0227] Example 20, after the rice is harvested, base fertilizer is applied in the conventional manner, the weeds in the field are cut into pieces of 1-3 cm long by machine and then scattered in the field, and then fresh rice stalks are directly and evenly laid on the surface of the original plot without being cut, the rice stalks are basically laid in parallel, and should not be laid in a crisscross manner, and should be laid in a compact manner. Then the stalks are soaked by irrigation. 5-15 days after the stalks are laid, the plant material is brought to its saturation water content just before the target plants are planted, and then rice seeds are sown on the surface of the layer of plant material. The plant material is maintained at 70% of its saturation water content for 7 days after planting. 5 days after the rice is planted, 10-20 kg of urea is applied per 666.7 m2of farmland, and then normal management is carried out. The target plants grow normally, and the weed control effect is ideal. 2 Example 20, after the rice is harvested, base fertilizer is applied in the conventional manner, the weeds in the field are cut into pieces of 1-3 cm long by machine and then scattered in the field, and then fresh rice stalks are directly and evenly laid on the surface of the original plot without being cut, the rice stalks are basically laid in parallel, and should not be laid in a crisscross manner, and should be laid in a compact manner. Then the stalks are soaked by irrigation. 5-15 days after the stalks are laid, the plant material is brought to its saturation water content just before the target plants are planted, and then rice seeds are sown on the surface of the layer of plant material. The plant material is maintained at 70% of its saturation water content for 7 days after planting. 5 days after the rice is planted, 10-20 kg of urea is applied per 666.7 m2of farmland, and then normal management is carried out. The target plants grow normally, and the weed control effect is ideal.

[0228] Example 21, after the rice is harvested, base fertilizer is applied in the conventional manner, the weeds in the field are cut into pieces of 1-3 cm long by machine and then scattered in the field, and then fresh rice stalks are directly and evenly laid on the surface of the original plot without being cut, the rice stalks are basically laid in parallel, and should not be laid in a crisscross manner, and should be laid in a compact manner. Then the stalks are soaked by irrigation. 5-15 days after the stalks are laid, the plant material is brought to its saturation water content just before the target plants are planted, and then rape seeds are sown on the surface of the layer of plant material. The water content of the plant material is maintained at 40%-100% of its saturation water content for 7 days after planting. 5 days after the rape is planted, 10-20 kg of urea is applied per 666.7 m2of farmland, and then normal management is carried out. The target plants grow normally, and the weed control effect is ideal.2 Urea 10-20 kg is applied in the farmland, and then normal management is carried out. The target plants grow normally, and the grass control effect is ideal.

[0229] In Example 22, after corn is harvested, the weeds in the field are cut into pieces of 1-3 cm in length by a machine, and then the pieces are scattered in the field. Base fertilizer is applied in a conventional manner, and fresh corn stalks are directly and uniformly covered on the ground surface of the original plot without cutting. The corn stalks are basically placed in parallel, and should not be placed in a crisscross manner. The corn stalks are then soaked by irrigation. Ten to thirty days after the corn stalks are covered, the plant material reaches its saturated water content during the period when the target plants are about to be planted. Then, rice seeds are sown on the surface of the plant material layer. After planting, the plant material is maintained at 70% of its saturated water content for 7 days. Five days after the rice is planted, 10-20 kg of urea is applied per 666.7 m2, and then normal management is carried out. The target plants grow normally, and the grass control effect is ideal. 2 Urea 10-20 kg is applied in the farmland, and then normal management is carried out. The target plants grow normally, and the grass control effect is ideal.

[0230] In Example 23, wheat stalks are cut into pieces of 0.1-4 cm in length. In a rice field, base fertilizer is applied in a conventional manner. After the field is plowed in a conventional manner, the wheat stalks are uniformly and once scattered on the same day. The thickness of the wheat stalks is 0.9 cm. Then, the plant material is soaked by irrigation. The plant material reaches its saturated water content on the same day after the plant material is covered. On the same day after the plant material is covered, rice is sown on the surface of the plant material layer. After planting, the plant material is maintained at 70% of its saturated water content for 7 days. Five days after the rice is planted, 10-20 kg of urea is applied per 666.7 m2, and then normal management is carried out. The target plants grow normally, and the grass control effect is ideal. 2 Urea 10-20 kg is applied in the farmland, and then normal management is carried out. The target plants grow normally, and the grass control effect is ideal.

[0231] Examples 24-38 and Comparative Examples 1-6

[0232] The corresponding parameters of the rice after the rape stalks are placed in different manners at different times are shown in Table 1, which are used to illustrate the relationship between the thickness of the plant material layer and the stem base point, the initial stem root differentiation point, the grass control effect, and the survival rate, and the like.

[0233] Indicators and detection

[0234] 1) When the target plants are planted by using the propagation organs, the initial stem root differentiation point of the target plants is in or above the plant material layer before the plant material completely rots, which can be observed by naked eyes. After the target plants germinate, the stem base point is in or above the plant material layer.

[0235] 2) When the target plants are planted by using the seedling, the throw seedling, and the transplanted seedling, the stem base point of the target plants is in or above the plant material layer before the plant material completely rots, which can be observed by naked eyes.

[0236] 3) when the target plant is planted, the target plant is visible to the naked eye on the surface or in the layer of the plant material layer, and the propagation organs of the weeds are located below the plant material layer, forming a kind of sandwich structure.

[0237] 4) after the target plant is planted, when weeds occur, the initial stem-root differentiation point of 95% of the weeds is located below the plant material layer before the plant material completely rots, which is visible to the naked eye.

[0238] 5) after the target plant is planted, when the plant material covering thickness reaches 0.9 cm, when weeds occur, the initial stem-root differentiation point of 95% of the target plant is higher than that of the weeds by more than 0.5 cm, and / or the stem base point of 95% of the target plant is higher than that of the weeds by more than 0.8 cm within 25 days after the target plant is planted, which is visible to the naked eye.

[0239] 6) when the plant material covering thickness reaches 0.9 cm, at the end of uniform plant material covering, 95% of the carrier area is covered by the plant material, and the carrier (such as soil) cannot be seen, which is visible to the naked eye.

[0240]

[0241]

[0242]

[0243] The present application is different from the prior art in that:

[0244] I. The plant material is not dried, and it is necessary to control the high or higher water content in the plant material after placing the plant material, and the control is required before and after planting the target plant, which is completely opposite to the prior art, which requires drying the plant material and does not control the plant material after placing the plant material, and the preparation process of the plant material must also have a drying step.

[0245] II. The method of placing the plant material is also different. In the present application, the mulch can be poured into the target plant (such as rice seedlings) in a concentrated and uniform manner, and there is no problem of crushing the target plant. The amount is preferably 0.1-12 cm, and more preferably 0.9-2 cm. In the prior art, a small amount of mulch is applied, which cannot be poured and concentrated, and is first applied between the rice seedling rows, and then dispersed and evenly covered on the soil surface in the rice field, so as to avoid crushing the rice seedlings.

[0246] Three, the planting position is different, the propagation organ of the target plant of the present application must have a layer of plant material below, preferably, a layer of plant material beside, more preferably, a layer of plant material above the propagation organ, and is planted on the surface or in the layer of plant material; while in the prior art, there is no layer of plant material below the propagation organ, and there is a layer of plant material above the propagation organ, and the amount is 300-1100g / m 3 , and is planted below the layer of plant material;

[0247] The target plant of the present application has a layer of plant material below the initial stem-root differentiation point, and has plant material beside the initial stem-root differentiation point; while in the prior art, there is no layer of plant material below the initial stem-root differentiation point of the target plant, and there is plant material beside the initial stem-root differentiation point of the target plant;

[0248] Four, the relative time of placing the plant material is also different, the target plant of the present application is placed before planting, while the target plant of the prior art is placed after planting.

[0249] Effect of rape straw covering at different times on inhibition of barnyardgrass

[0250] The test was carried out in a greenhouse. The culture medium was mixed evenly in a ratio of 3:1:1 of peat soil, vermiculite and perlite, and the rape straw was crushed by machine to a length of 1 cm on the longest side. The plastic pots were 18 cm in diameter, with 3 small holes at the bottom, and each pot was filled with 3 cm deep of the medium and placed in a large plastic square pot. Water was added to the square pot to make the water level level with the surface of the medium in the small pots. 50 barnyardgrass seeds were sown in each small pot, and on the day of sowing, 1 day, 2 days, the straw was covered to a thickness of 0.84 cm (700g / m 2 ) and 1.08 cm (900g / m 2 ), respectively, for a total of 6 covering treatments, with no covering control (CK) without straw covering, and four replicates for each treatment. Water was sprayed early, midday and evening every day to keep the straw moist but without water layer, and the number of seedlings in each treatment was investigated 12 days after sowing.

[0251] The results showed that the effect of rape straw covering on the inhibition of barnyardgrass was greatly affected by the covering time, and the best inhibition effect was achieved on the day of sowing, with an inhibition rate of more than 92.47% (Table 2) when the thickness of the straw was 0.84 cm and 1.08 cm. With the delay of the covering time, the inhibition effect decreased significantly, and the inhibition rate decreased by 19.18 and 31.37 percentage points, respectively, when the thickness of the straw was 1.08 cm on the 1st day and 2nd day after sowing (DAS) compared with the day of sowing. In addition, there was little difference in the inhibition rate between the thickness of 0.84 cm and 1.08 cm on the day of sowing and 1 DAS, but there was a large difference of 12.18 percentage points between the two on the 2nd day. The moisture content of the plant material was as follows: the inhibition effect on weeds was limited when the plant material (straw) was kept moist but not soaked, and there was no water layer.

[0252] Table 2: Control effect of rape straw with different covering time on barnyardgrass

[0253]

[0254] Note: The length of rape straw covering is 1 cm; DAS: days after sowing; The same lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant difference (p < 0.05), and the same capital letters indicate extremely significant difference (p < 0.01).

[0255] Example 2: Inhibition effect of rape straw mixture with different amounts of covering on five kinds of weeds

[0256] The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse. The culture medium was mixed evenly with peat soil, vermiculite and perlite at a ratio of 3:1:1. Rape straw and rape pods were cut to 1 cm in length by machine and mixed at a ratio of 2.5:1 for standby. The plastic pots used were 18 cm in diameter with three small holes at the bottom. Each pot was filled with 3 cm deep of the medium and placed in a large plastic square pot. Water was added to the square pot to make the water level equal to the surface of the medium in the pot. Five kinds of weeds, barnyardgrass, euphorbia, alligator weed, knotweed and cattail, were covered with straw. The covering treatment was carried out one day after sowing the weeds, and the specific experimental design is shown in Table 3. Each treatment was repeated four times. The weed seeds were mixed with fine sand and sown. The rape straw mixture was evenly sprinkled on the corresponding time after sowing, and water was sprinkled to keep the straw moist but without water layer. The number of barnyardgrass plants was investigated 10 days after covering, the number of euphorbia plants was investigated 20 days after covering, and the number of alligator weed, knotweed and cattail plants was investigated 30 days after covering.

[0257] Table 3: Test scheme table of control effect of plant material with different thickness on five kinds of weeds

[0258]

[0259] The results show that under the condition of water content of plant material, i.e. keeping the plant material (straw) moist but not soaked and without water layer, to achieve more than 95% control effect, rape straw and rape pod mixture with thickness of 0.72 cm, 0.84 cm, 0.96 cm and 1.08 cm is needed to control euphorbia, alligator weed, cattail and knotweed, respectively. Figure 22 However, under this water content condition, the mixture with thickness of 1.44 cm has a plant inhibition rate of 88.44% on barnyardgrass.

[0260] Example 3: Weight change of rape straw and rape pod after water absorption

[0261] The experiment was carried out under laboratory conditions, during which the temperature was 24-28°C and the air humidity was 50-85%. The basically dry standby plant material, rape straw and rape pod, with an average size of not more than 1 cm, was dried at 80°C for 8 h, and then 50 g of sample was put into a nylon bag, and weighed (W1); the bag was completely immersed in clean water, and after different time intervals, the bag was taken out, and weighed (W2) when the bag was not dripping, and then the bag was put back into the water. The weight of the rape straw and rape pod after different water soaking times was W=50+W2-W1.

[0262] The results show that the rape straw and rape pod absorb water quickly, and are basically saturated after 48 h of water absorption; the weight of the rape straw and rape pod after 54 h of water absorption is 5.95 and 5.12 times of the dry weight respectively (Table 4).

[0263] Table 4: Weight change of rape straw and rape pod after different water absorption times

[0264]

[0265] The following takes the rice seed direct seeding method as an example (Table 5) to illustrate the essential difference between the present application and the prior art. Similarly, the rice seedling planting method is taken as an example (Table 6) to illustrate the essential difference between the present application and the prior art.

[0266] Table 5: Partial difference between the present application and the prior art (taking the rice seed direct seeding as an example)

[0267]

[0268]

[0269] Table 6: Partial difference between the present application and the prior art (taking the rice seedling planting as an example)

[0270]

[0271]

[0272] Experiment 1, Plant material cultivation of rice field plot

[0273] A field experiment was carried out in a direct seeding rice field in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. The dried rape straw was cut into stem segments with a length of 0.1-1 cm. After the rice field was prepared and drained, 3.6 mm (300 g / m 2 ), 6.0 mm (500 g / m 2 ), 8.4 mm (700 g / m 2 ), and 1.08 cm (900 g / m 2Four treatments of rape straw mulching. Then irrigate to wet the straw. On the third day after straw mulching, each 666.7m 2 Rice field is applied with urea 10kg and compound fertilizer (containing N+P2O5+K2O) 40kg, then sowed with pregerminated rice seeds. No herbicide is used. In addition, the rice field is managed in the conventional way. The area of each treatment plot is 12m 2 The following 5 treatments are set, each with 3 repetitions. The rice variety is Xiushui 134, and the main control objects are Echinochloa crusgalli, Euphorbia heterophylla, Lindernia dubia, Monochoria korsakowii, Sagittaria pygmaea, Alternanthera philoxeroides, Aeschynomene indica, Cyperus difformis, Hydrilla verticillata, Rumex japonicus, and so on.

[0274] Treatment 1, sowing rice on the third day after rape straw (300g / m 2 ) mulching.

[0275] Treatment 2, sowing rice on the third day after rape straw (500g / m 2 ) mulching.

[0276] Treatment 3, sowing rice on the third day after rape straw (700g / m 2 ) mulching.

[0277] Treatment 4, sowing rice on the third day after rape straw (900g / m 2 ) mulching.

[0278] CK, blank control.

[0279] On the 20th day after rice sowing, 3 points are taken on the diagonal line in each plot, with an area of 0.25m 2 (50*50cm) per point, and the number of rice seedlings is investigated.

[0280] On the 40th day after rice sowing, 3 points are taken on the diagonal line in each plot, with an area of 0.25m 2 (50*50cm) per point, and the number of surviving weeds and the fresh weight of aboveground parts are investigated, and the plant control effect and fresh weight control effect are calculated.

[0281] The specific results are shown in Tables 7 and 8.

[0282] As can be seen from Table 7, covering 300, 500, 700, and 900g / m 2 of rape straw before rice direct seeding has little effect on the emergence of rice, and the emergence rate of rice is above 94.1% of the control. And different amounts of rape straw mulching have no obvious adverse effects on the plant height and tillering of rice seedlings. This shows that it is feasible to sow after rape straw (300-900g / m 2 ) mulching, and it is safe for the emergence of rice and the growth of rice seedlings.

[0283] As shown in Table 8, covering rice with 300, 500, 700, and 900 g / m² before direct seeding... 2 A survey conducted 40 days after rice sowing revealed that the control effect of rapeseed straw on weeds in rice paddies increased with increasing application rates of 300, 500, 700, and 900 g / m². 2 The treatment with rapeseed straw showed ideal weed control efficacy, with control rates of 80.9%, 90.3%, 97.3%, and 98.1% per plant, and 84.7%, 91.0%, 98.4%, and 98.9% per fresh weight, respectively. This indicates that mulching with rapeseed straw before direct seeding of rice can effectively control weed damage in paddy fields.

[0284] Table 7: Effects of different amounts of rapeseed straw mulch on the emergence of direct-seeded rice (20 days after rice sowing)

[0285] Test group Rice plant number (plants / 0.25 m 2 )]]> Percentage of CK (%) Treatment 1 33.3 99.0 Treatment 2 33.0 98.0 Treatment 3 32.0 95.0 Treatment 4 31.7 94.1 CK 33.7 100.0

[0286] Table 8: The effect of different amounts of rapeseed straw mulch on weed control in direct-seeded rice fields (40 days after rice sowing).

[0287]

[0288] To illustrate that the present invention is applicable to the above-mentioned target plants and controls the above-mentioned weeds, a comparative table of the planting and weed control effects of 26 target plants using the method of the present invention is shown below (Table 9):

[0289] Table 9: Comparison of planting and weed control effects of 26 target plants

[0290]

[0291]

[0292] Note 1*: The 21 weeds tested included: crabgrass, foxtail grass, goosegrass, barnyard grass, barnyard grass, sedge, sedge, rice sedge, water flea, flat-stemmed sedge, rush, amaranth, clove knotweed, angelica sinensis, amaranth retroflexus, lambsquarters, small lambsquarters, jointed greens, water spinach, dayflower, duckweed, and goldenrod.

[0293] Note 2: All the tests in Table 9 were carried out in a greenhouse under natural light, with soil as the carrier. Seeds of 21 kinds of weeds, such as bidentate, leafflower, earleaf, chaffy, and so on, were scattered on the surface of the soil, and then 9 kinds of plant materials with an average length of 1 cm, such as non-dried rape straw, were covered. Each kind of plant material was used for the survival rate test of 26 kinds of target plants and the control test of 21 kinds of weeds. The thickness of the plant material layer was 0.6 cm, and the plant material layer was kept soaked in water for 3 days. Then the water content of the plant material layer was kept at 100% of the saturated water content, and 26 kinds of target plants, such as rice, were directly planted on the surface of the plant material layer. After the rice was planted, the water content of the plant material layer was kept at 100% of the saturated water content. After the target plants were planted, the water content of the plant material layer was kept at 40% to 100% of the saturated water content. After the root system of the target plants penetrated the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material layer was kept at 10% to 80% of the saturated water content. The survival rate of the target plants and the control effect of weeds were investigated 21 days after the target plants were planted.

[0294] The survival rate test of 26 kinds of target plants in soil was carried out for the comparative example.

[0295] During the planting of the target plants, the plant nutrient, which can provide the nutrients required for the growth of the target plants, was applied. The application mode of the plant nutrient includes, but is not limited to, application to the lower part of the plant material layer, the middle part of the plant material layer, or mixing with the plant material layer, application to the upper part of the plant material layer, or mixing with the propagating organs or root systems of the target plants.

[0296] Further, the amount of the plant nutrient applied is mainly considered in combination with two factors: on the one hand, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the plant material is considered. The carbon-nitrogen ratio (C / N) of the plant material is 25:1, which is more conducive to the decomposition of the plant material by microorganisms. If the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the plant material layer is too high, the decomposition of the plant material by microorganisms will be affected, and the growth of the target plants will be affected. In view of the fact that the carbon-nitrogen ratio of most of the plant material is too high, when the thickness of the plant material layer is 0.5 cm, 666.7 m 2 The nitrogen needs to be supplemented, which is equivalent to 10 to 20 kg of urea. When the thickness of the plant material layer increases, the nitrogen needs to be supplemented accordingly.

[0297] On the other hand, the nutrients required for the early growth of the target plants are considered. The plant nutrient needs to be supplemented before and after the planting of the target plants. For every 666.7 m 2 The amount of the plant nutrient applied is 20 to 80 kg of compound fertilizer (N+P2O5+K2O≥45%).

[0298] The above field test results show that the rape straw covering before the rice is directly sowed is safe to the seedling emergence and growth of the rice (high survival rate of seedling), and can effectively control the damage of the weeds in the rice field, and is an ideal new method for controlling weeds in the rice field.

[0299] In order to compare the different comprehensive effects of the present application and the prior art, a field large-area test is carried out, and the test field area is 666.7m 2 The following lists the comprehensive comparison of the present application and the prior art, and see Table 10.

[0300] Table 10: Comprehensive effect comparison of the present application and the prior art

[0301]

[0302] The test results of the survival rate of the target plant and the weed control effect of the present application are as follows:

[0303]

[0304]

[0305]

[0306]

[0307]

[0308]

[0309]

[0310]

[0311]

[0312]

[0313]

[0314]

[0315]

[0316]

[0317]

[0318]

[0319]

[0320]

[0321]

[0322]

[0323]

[0324]

[0325]

[0326]

[0327]

[0328]

[0329]

[0330] Note 1: 7 kinds of main weeds in rice field were tested, including: Echinochloa crus-galli, Euphorbia humifusa, Cyperus difformis, Cyperus iria, Amaranthus caudatus, Lamiophlomis rotata, Eclipta prostrata.

[0331] Note 2: The pot experiment was carried out under the condition of natural light in the greenhouse, the carrier was soil, the plant material was dry rape straw with an average length of 1 cm, and the weed seeds were scattered on the surface of the soil.

[0332] Examples 44-139 and Comparative Examples 13-17, the plant material was placed first, and then the target plant was planted;

[0333] Comparative Example 18, according to the conditions of Chinese patent CN106342612A, rice was planted first, then plant material was scattered, and the moisture of the plant material was not controlled after scattering.

[0334] The initial stem-root differentiation point height of the target plant planted in Examples 44-139 was greater than 2 mm.

[0335] Finally, it should be noted that the above enumeration is only a specific embodiment of the present application. Obviously, the present application is not limited to the above embodiment, and there can be many variations. All variations that can be directly derived or inferred by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present application should be considered as falling within the scope of the present application.

[0336] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and is not intended to limit the present application in any other form, and any modification or equivalent change made in accordance with the technical essence of the present application still falls within the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for simultaneously achieving weed control and planting of a target plant using plant material, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: a. placing plant material on the carrier to form a plant material layer; and b. planting the target plant on the surface of the plant material layer and / or in the layer of the plant material layer; When the target plant is planted by using the propagation organs, the initial stem-root differentiation point of the target plant is in the plant material layer or above the plant material layer before the plant material completely rots; the stem base point of the target plant is in the plant material layer or above the plant material layer after the target plant emerges; and there is a plant material layer below the initial stem-root differentiation point of the target plant; When the target plant is planted by using the methods of placing, throwing and transplanting seedlings, the stem base point of the target plant is in the plant material layer or above the plant material layer before the plant material completely rots; and there is a plant material layer below the initial stem-root differentiation point of the target plant; The method further comprises one or more of the following features: When the target plant is planted, the propagation organs of the target plant are on the surface and / or in the layer of the plant material layer, and the propagation organs of the weeds are below the plant material layer; When the target plant is planted, the root system of the target plant seedling is on the surface and / or in the layer of the plant material layer, and the propagation organs of the weeds are below the plant material layer; When the target plant is planted, the target plant is above the carrier, and the propagation organs of the weeds are not higher than the plane of the carrier; After the target plant is planted, before the plant material completely rots, the initial stem-root differentiation points of 95% of the weeds are below the plant material layer when the weeds occur; After the target plant is planted, when the plant material covering thickness reaches 0.9 cm, the initial stem-root differentiation points of 95% of the target plants are higher than the initial stem-root differentiation points of the weeds by 0.5 cm or more when the weeds occur, and / or the stem base points of 95% of the target plants are higher than the stem base points of the weeds by 0.8 cm or more within 25 days after the target plant is planted; The initial stem-root differentiation point of the target plant is higher than the plane of the carrier, and the initial stem-root differentiation point of the weeds is not higher than the plane of the carrier; The initial stem-root differentiation point of the target plant is higher than the initial stem-root differentiation point of the weeds; The stem base point of the target plant is higher than the plane of the carrier; The stem base point of the target plant is higher than the stem base point of the weeds; and Adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the plant material, the nitrogen supplement corresponding to 10-20 kg of urea per 666.7 m 2 Adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the plant material, the nitrogen supplement corresponding to 10-20 kg of urea per 666.7 m 2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The method comprises: a. placing plant material on the carrier, marking the period from after the plant material layer is covered to before the target plant is planted as the covering period, controlling the size, covering thickness and water content of the plant material layer during the covering period; and b. planting the target plant on the surface and / or in the layer of the plant material layer, so that the target plant is planted on the surface and / or in the layer of the plant material layer; Wherein, the plant material layer is uniformly covered on the carrier with a covering thickness of 0.1-12 cm, and the water content of the plant material reaches 10% or more of the saturated water content.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein, The plant material has one or more of the following features: (1) the plant material is derived from any at least one of the following plants: rice (Oryza sativa L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), corn (Zea mays L.), soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), sweet potato (Dioscorea esculenta (Lour.) Burkill), potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), flax (Linum usitatissimum L.), rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), peanut (Solanum melongena L.), pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata (Duch. ex Lam.) Duch. ex Poiret), wax gourd (Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn.), sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.), Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus L.), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), hairy vetch, and weeds; (2) the plant material is covered on the carrier, wherein the size of the plant material is not greater than 300 centimeters; (3) the plant material is covered on the carrier, wherein the average size of the plant material is not greater than 300 centimeters; (4) the plant material is covered on the carrier, wherein a time period from covering the layer of the plant material to planting the target plant is marked as a covering period, and the covering period is 0-12 months; (5) the plant material is covered on the carrier, and the covering thickness is 0.1-12 centimeters; (6) the plant material is fresh and / or dried straw; (7) the plant material is fresh straw after the target plant is harvested, and the straw is covered on the ground surface by no-tillage; and (8) the plant material is waste of the target plant, and the waste is covered on the ground surface at the time of, after the harvest of, or after the tillage of the target plant.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein, (2) the size of the plant material is not greater than 200 centimeters.

5. The method of claim 3, wherein, (2) the size of the plant material is not greater than 10 centimeters.

6. The method of claim 3, wherein, (2) the size of the plant material is not greater than 4 centimeters.

7. The method of claim 3, wherein, (2) the size of the plant material is not greater than 3 centimeters.

8. The method of claim 3, wherein, (2) the size of the plant material is not greater than 1 centimeter.

9. The method of claim 3, wherein, (3) the average size of the plant material is not greater than 200 centimeters.

10. The method of claim 3, wherein, (3) the average size of the plant material is not greater than 10 centimeters.

11. The method of claim 3, wherein, (3) the average size of the plant material is not greater than 3 centimeters.

12. The method of claim 3, wherein, (3) the average size of the plant material is not greater than 2 centimeters.

13. The method of claim 3, wherein, (3) the average size of the plant material is not more than 1 cm.

14. The method of claim 3, wherein, (3) the average size of the plant material is not more than 0.5 cm.

15. The method of claim 3, wherein, (3) the average size of the plant material is not more than 0.2 cm.

16. The method of claim 3, wherein, (4) the covering period is 0-6 months.

17. The method of claim 3, wherein, (4) the covering period is 0-3 months.

18. The method of claim 3, wherein, (4) the covering period is 0-30 days.

19. The method of claim 3, wherein, (4) the covering period is 0-10 days.

20. The method of claim 3, wherein, (4) the covering period is 0-25 days.

21. The method of claim 3, wherein, (4) the covering period is 0-20 days.

22. The method of claim 3, wherein, (4) the covering period is 0-15 days.

23. The method of claim 3, wherein, (4) the covering period is 5-15 days.

24. The method of claim 3, wherein, (4) the covering period is 0-10 days.

25. The method of claim 3, wherein, (4) the covering period is 0-8 days.

26. The method of claim 3, wherein, (4) the covering period is 1-7 days.

27. The method of claim 3, wherein, (4) the covering period is 3-7 days.

28. The method of claim 3, wherein, (4) the covering period is 0-6 days.

29. The method of claim 3, wherein, (4) the covering period is 0-4 days.

30. The method of claim 3, wherein, (4) the covering period is 1-3 days.

31. The method of claim 3, wherein, (4) the covering period is 0-2 days.

32. The method of claim 3, wherein, (4) the target plant is planted on the day after the plant material is covered.

33. The method of claim 3, wherein, (5) the covering thickness is 0.3-8 cm.

34. The method of claim 3, wherein, (5) the covering thickness is 0.3-5 cm.

35. The method of claim 3, wherein, (5) the covering thickness is 0.6-3 cm.

36. The method of claim 3, wherein, (5) the covering thickness is 0.6-1.2 cm.

37. The method of claim 3, wherein, (5) the covering thickness is 0.6-1 cm.

38. The method of claim 3, wherein, (5) the plant material is evenly covered on the carrier with a thickness of 0.1-12 cm.

39. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein, The method has any one or more of the following characteristics: (1) the plant material is derived from any at least one of corn, soybean, sweet potato, potato, cotton, flax, rape, peanut, pepper, pumpkin, wax gourd, sugarcane and sunflower, the plant material is covered on the carrier after being turned into fragments, and the size of the plant material is not more than 2 cm; (2) the plant material is derived from any at least one of corn, soybean, sweet potato, potato, cotton, flax, rape, peanut, pepper, pumpkin, wax gourd, sugarcane and sunflower, the plant material is covered on the carrier after being turned into fragments, and the average size of the plant material is not more than 2 cm; (3) the plant material is derived from any at least one of rice, wheat, barley, Chinese milk vetch and long-pilose wild pea, the plant material is covered on the carrier after being turned into fragments, and the size of the plant material is not more than 10 cm; (4) the plant material is derived from any at least one of rice, wheat, barley, Chinese milk vetch and long-pilose wild pea, the plant material is covered on the carrier after being turned into fragments, and the average size of the plant material is not more than 10 cm; (5) the plant material is derived from any at least one of corn, soybean, sweet potato, potato, cotton, flax, rape, peanut, pepper, pumpkin, wax gourd, sugarcane and sunflower, and the plant material is covered on the carrier with a covering thickness of 0.2-8 cm; (6) the plant material is derived from any at least one of rice, wheat, barley, Chinese milk vetch and long-pilose wild pea, and the plant material is covered on the carrier with a covering thickness of 0.2-8 cm; and (7) the plant material is derived from any at least one of rice, wheat, barley, Chinese milk vetch and long-pedunculate pea, the plant material is covered on the carrier, and the average size of the plant material is not more than 1 cm, and the covering thickness is 0.2-8 cm.

40. The method of claim 39, wherein, (1) the size of the plant material is not more than 1 cm.

41. The method of claim 39, wherein, (2) the average size of the plant material is not more than 1 cm.

42. The method of claim 39, wherein, (2) the average size of the plant material is not more than 0.5 cm.

43. The method of claim 39, wherein, (2) the average size of the plant material is not more than 0.2 cm.

44. The method of claim 39, wherein, (3) the size of the plant material is not more than 5 cm.

45. The method of claim 39, wherein, (3) the size of the plant material is not more than 2 cm.

46. The method of claim 39, wherein, (4) the average size of the plant material is not more than 5 cm.

47. The method of claim 39, wherein, (4) the average size of the plant material is not more than 2 cm.

48. The method of claim 39, wherein, (4) the average size of the plant material is not more than 1 cm.

49. The method of claim 39, wherein, (4) the average size of the plant material is not more than 0.5 cm.

50. The method of claim 39, wherein, (4) the average size of the plant material is not more than 0.2 cm.

51. The method of claim 39, wherein, (5) the covering thickness is 0.4-4 cm.

52. The method of claim 39, wherein, (5) the covering thickness is 0.5-3 cm.

53. The method of claim 39, wherein, (5) the covering thickness is 0.6-2 cm.

54. The method of claim 39, wherein, (5) the covering thickness is 0.6-1.5 cm.

55. The method of claim 39, wherein, (5) the covering thickness is 0.6-0.9 cm.

56. The method of claim 39, wherein, (6) the covering thickness is 0.3-4 cm.

57. The method of claim 39, wherein, (6) the covering thickness is 0.6-3 cm.

58. The method of claim 39, wherein, (6) the covering thickness is 0.8-2 cm.

59. The method of claim 39, wherein, (6) the covering thickness is 0.8-1.5 cm.

60. The method of claim 39, wherein, (7) the covering thickness is 0.3-4 cm.

61. The method of claim 39, wherein, (7) the covering thickness is 0.5-3 cm.

62. The method of claim 39, wherein, (7) the covering thickness is 0.6-2 cm.

63. The method of claim 39, wherein, (7) the covering thickness is 0.6-1.0 cm.

64. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein: the target plant is selected from at least one of a crop, a fruit tree, an economic crop, a flower, a nursery stock, a forest tree, a turf, and a Chinese medicinal material; and / or the weed is selected from at least one of a grass weed, a sedge weed, and a broadleaf weed.

65. The method of claim 64, wherein, The target plant is rice (Oryza sativa L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), corn (Zea mays L.), soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), sweet potato (Dioscorea esculenta (Lour.) Burkill), cotton (Gossypium L.), flax (Linum usitatissimum L.), rapeseed (Brassica rapa var. oleifera de Candolle), peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa var. chinensis (Linnaeus) Kitamura), radish (Raphanus sativus L.), mustard (Brassica juncea var. tumida Tsen & Lee), cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata Linnaeus), cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis Linnaeus), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Miller), eggplant (Solanum melongena L.), pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata (Duch. ex Lam.) Duch. ex Poiret), wax gourd (Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn.), grape (Vitis vinifera L.), pear (Pyrus L.), citrus (Citrus reticulata Blanco), apple (Malus pumila Mill.), peach (Amygdalus persica L.), rose (Rosa rugosa Thunb.), butterfly orchid (Phalaenopsis aphrodite H.G. Reichenbach), orchid (Cymbidium Sw.), osmanthus (Osmanthus fragrans (Thunb.) Loureiro), camphor tree / cinnamomum (Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl), pine (Pinus L.), fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.), Manila lawn (Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr.), honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica Thunb.), Corydalis yanhusuo W. T. Wang, and Fritillaria cirrhosa D. Don.

66. The method of claim 64, wherein, The gramineous weeds include any one or more of Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop., Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv., Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn., Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees, Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv., Echinochloa crus-galli var. mitis (Pursh) Petermann, Echinochloa crus-galli var. zelayensis (Kunth) Hitchcock, Echinochloa caudata Roshev., Echinochloa colona (Linnaeus) Link, Echinochloa oryzoides (Ard.) Flritsch., and Echinochloa crus-galli var. austrojaponensis Ohwi.

67. The method of claim 64, wherein, The sedge weeds are selected from any one or more of Cyperus rotundus L., Cyperus difformis L., Fimbristylis littoralis Grandich, Cyperus iria L., Schoenoplectus triqueter (Linnaeus) Palla, Bolboschoenus planiculmis (F. Schmidt) T. V. Egorova, Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (C. C. Gmelin) Palla, Eleocharis yokoscensis (Franchet & Savatier) Tang & F. T. Wang, and Schoenoplectus wallichii (Nees) T. Koyama.

68. The method of claim 64, wherein, The broadleaf weeds are selected from any one or more of Acalypha australis L., Amaranthus retroflexus L., Chenopodium album L., Commelina communis L., Ammannia auriculata Willdenow, Ammannia multiflora Roxb., Ammannia coccinea Rottboll, Ammannia baccifera L., Ludwigia prostrata Roxb., Ludwigia adscendens (L.) Hara, Rotala indica (Willd.) Koehne, Rotala rotundifolia (Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb.) Koehne, Lindernia procumbens (Krock.) Borbas, Monochoria vaginalis (Burm. F.) Presl ex Kunth, Sagittaria pygmaea Miq., Eclipta prostrata (L.) L., Monochoria korsakowii Regel et Maack, Mazus pumilus (N. L. Burman) Steenis, Murdannia triquetra (Wall. ex C. B. Clarke) Bruckn., Potamogeton distinctus A. Bennett, Marsilea quadrifolia L. Sp., Sagittaria trifolia L.

69. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein, The method includes any one or more of the following features: The manner of planting the target plant includes one or more of manual sowing of propagation organs, manual transplanting of seedlings, manual sowing of seedlings, manual setting of seedlings, machine sowing of propagation organs, machine transplanting of seedlings, machine sowing of seedlings, and machine setting of seedlings. In the process of planting the target plant, the method further comprises the step of applying plant nutrients; wherein the mode of application is selected from at least one of the following: application to the lower surface of the plant material layer, application to the middle of the plant material layer, application to the plant material layer, application to the upper surface of the plant material layer, application to the propagation organs of the target plant, and application to the root system of the propagation organs of the target plant.

70. The method of claim 69, wherein, The time of application is before planting the target plant.

71. The method of claim 69, wherein, The time of application is 1-15 days after planting the target plant.

72. The method of claim 69, wherein, The time of application is 1-10 days after planting the target plant.

73. The method of claim 69, wherein, The time of application is 3-7 days after planting the target plant.

74. The method of claim 69, wherein, The plant nutrients include one or more of the following: urea, P2O5, K2O, compound fertilizer, organic fertilizer, human excrement, manure, various composts, wood ash, and mixed fertilizer.

75. The method of claim 1, wherein, The target plant is planted in the plant material layer, wherein the plant material is covered in two steps, and the first step covers more than 30% of the total amount of plant material.

76. The method of claim 75, wherein, The first step covers more than 50% of the total amount of plant material.

77. The method of claim 75, wherein, The first step covers more than 70% of the total amount of plant material.

78. The method of claim 75, wherein, The first step covers more than 80% of the total amount of plant material.

79. The method of claim 75, wherein, The first step covers more than 90% of the total amount of plant material.

80. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein, The target plant is planted on the surface and / or layer of the plant material layer in any one or more of the following four ways: Method one: placing plant material on the carrier, accurately controlling the water content of the plant material, and planting the propagation organs of the target plant on the surface of the plant material layer; Method two: placing plant material on the carrier, accurately controlling the water content of the plant material, and planting seedlings of the target plant on the surface of the plant material layer; Method three: placing plant material on the carrier, accurately controlling the water content of the plant material, and planting the propagation organs in the layer of the plant material layer; and Method four: placing plant material on the carrier, accurately controlling the water content of the plant material, and planting seedlings of the target plant in the layer of the plant material layer; The initial stem-root differentiation point height of the target plant is greater than or equal to 0.2 cm.

81. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein, The sowing depth of the target plant is selected according to the size of the propagation organs of the target plant, wherein: When the longest side of the propagation organ is not greater than 0.2 cm, the sowing depth below the surface of the plant material layer is not greater than 3 cm; When the longest side of the propagation organ is greater than 0.2 cm and not greater than 0.5 cm, the sowing depth below the surface of the plant material layer is not greater than 10 cm; When the longest side of the propagation organ is greater than 0.5 cm, the sowing depth below the surface of the plant material layer is not greater than 12 cm.

82. The method of claim 81, wherein, When the longest side of the propagation organ is not greater than 0.2 cm, the sowing depth below the surface of the plant material layer is not greater than 1 cm.

83. The method of claim 81, wherein, When the longest side of the propagation organ is not greater than 0.2 cm, the sowing depth below the surface of the plant material layer is not greater than 0.5 cm.

84. The method of claim 81, wherein, When the longest side of the propagating organ is greater than 0.2 cm and not greater than 0.5 cm, the sowing depth below the surface of the layer of plant material is not greater than 5 cm.

85. The method of claim 81, wherein, When the longest side of the propagating organ is greater than 0.2 cm and not greater than 0.5 cm, the sowing depth below the surface of the layer of plant material is not greater than 3 cm.

86. The method of claim 81, wherein, When the longest side of the propagating organ is greater than 0.5 cm, the sowing depth below the surface of the layer of plant material is not greater than 5 cm.

87. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein, The period of time from after covering the layer of plant material to before planting the target plant is marked as the covering period, during which the water content of the plant material is controlled to be above 1% of the saturated water content thereof.

88. The method of claim 87, wherein, The water content of the plant material is controlled to be above 10% of the saturated water content thereof.

89. The method of claim 87, wherein, The water content of the plant material is controlled to be above 20% of the saturated water content thereof.

90. The method of claim 87, wherein, The water content of the plant material is controlled to be above 30% of the saturated water content thereof.

91. The method of claim 87, wherein, The water content of the plant material is controlled to be above 40% of the saturated water content thereof.

92. The method of claim 87, wherein, The water content of the plant material is controlled to be above 50% of the saturated water content thereof.

93. The method of claim 87, wherein, The water content of the plant material is controlled to be above 60% of the saturated water content thereof.

94. The method of claim 87, wherein, The water content of the plant material is controlled to be above 70% of the saturated water content thereof.

95. The method of claim 87, wherein, The water content of the plant material is controlled to be above 80% of the saturated water content thereof.

96. The method of claim 87, wherein, The water content of the plant material is controlled to be above 100% of the saturated water content thereof.

97. The method of claim 87, wherein, The plant material is controlled to be soaked.

98. The method of claim 87, wherein, The plant material is controlled to be wetted.

99. The method of claim 87, wherein, The plant material is soaked in water.

100. The method of claim 87, wherein, The method further comprises controlling the water content of the plant material during the period immediately before planting the target plant and after planting the target plant; wherein: The period of time within 1 day before planting the target plant is marked as the period immediately before planting the target plant, during which the water content of the plant material is adjusted to be above 10% of the saturated water content thereof; The water content of the plant material is controlled as follows after planting the target plant: 1) when the target plant is a hydrophyte and the planting method is direct seeding, if the target plant is planted on the surface of the layer of plant material, the water content of the plant material is maintained to be 70% of the saturated water content thereof to a water layer depth of below 5 cm after planting; if the target plant is planted in the layer of plant material, the water content of the plant material is maintained to be 10% of the saturated water content thereof to a water layer depth of below 5 cm after planting; 2) when the target plant is a hydrophyte and the planting method is transplanting, if the target plant is planted on the surface of the layer of plant material, the water content of the plant material is maintained to be 70% of the saturated water content thereof to a water layer depth of below 5 cm after planting; if the target plant is planted in the layer of plant material, the water content of the plant material is maintained to be 10% of the saturated water content thereof to a water layer depth of below 5 cm after planting; 3) when the target plant is a xerophyte and the planting method is direct seeding, if the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 40% to 100% of its saturated water content after planting; if the target plant is planted in the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 10% to 90% of its saturated water content after planting; 4) when the target plant is a xerophyte and the planting method is transplanting, if the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 50% to 2 cm below the water layer depth after planting; if the target plant is planted in the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 10% to 2 cm below the water layer depth after planting.

101. The method of claim 100, wherein, The water content of the plant material is adjusted to more than 30% of its saturated water content during the period just before planting the target plant.

102. The method of claim 100, wherein, The water content of the plant material is controlled to more than 50% of its saturated water content during the period just before planting the target plant.

103. The method of claim 100, wherein, The water content of the plant material is controlled to more than 70% of its saturated water content during the period just before planting the target plant.

104. The method of claim 100, wherein, The water content of the plant material is controlled to more than 80% of its saturated water content during the period just before planting the target plant.

105. The method of claim 100, wherein, The water content of the plant material is adjusted to more than 100% of its saturated water content during the period just before planting the target plant.

106. The method of claim 100, wherein, The water content of the plant material is adjusted to plant material saturation during the period just before planting the target plant.

107. The method of claim 100, wherein, The water content of the plant material is adjusted to a water layer depth of 5 cm or less during the period just before planting the target plant; wherein the water layer depth refers to the depth of water above the plant material layer after the plant material is submerged in water, excluding the thickness of the plant material layer.

108. The method of claim 100, wherein, The plant material is soaked in water during the period just before planting the target plant.

109. The method of claim 100, wherein, The plant material is controlled to be wet during the period just before planting the target plant.

110. The method of claim 100, wherein, In the plant material layer refers to the upper half of the plant material layer.

111. The method of claim 100, wherein, In the plant material layer refers to the upper 1 / 3 layer of the plant material.

112. The method of claim 100, wherein, The method for controlling water after planting the target plant includes: 1) when the target plant is a hydrophyte and the planting method is direct seeding, if the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 70% to 5 cm below the water layer depth of its saturated water content after planting for more than 5 days; if the target plant is planted in the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 10% to 5 cm below the water layer depth of its saturated water content after planting for more than 5 days; 2) when the target plant is a water plant and the planting method is transplanting, if the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 70% of the saturated water content to a water layer depth of 5 cm below the surface after planting, and 4-8 days later, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 10% of the saturated water content to a water layer depth of 8 cm below the surface; if the target plant is planted in the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 10% of the saturated water content to a water layer depth of 5 cm below the surface after planting, and 4-8 days later, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 10% of the saturated water content to a water layer depth of 6 cm below the surface; 3) when the target plant is a dry land plant and the planting method is direct seeding, if the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 40% of the saturated water content to plant material saturation after planting, and after the root system of the target plant penetrates the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 10%-80% of the saturated water content; if the target plant is planted in the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 10%-90% of the saturated water content after planting, and after the root system of the target plant penetrates the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 10%-70% of the saturated water content; 4) when the target plant is a dry land plant and the planting method is transplanting, if the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 50% of the saturated water content to a water layer depth of 2 cm below the surface after planting, and 4-8 days later, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 10%-90% of the saturated water content; if the target plant is planted in the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 10% of the saturated water content to a water layer depth of 2 cm below the surface after planting, and 4-8 days later, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 10%-80% of the saturated water content.

113. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein, The plant material is derived from at least one of rape, rice, wheat, corn and soybean, wherein: (1) when the target plant is a water plant and the planting method is direct seeding: the plant material is uniformly covered on the carrier to a thickness of 0.3-12 cm, and the average size of the plant material is not greater than 10 cm; during the covering, the water content of the plant material is adjusted to be greater than 1% of the saturated water content, i.e., greater than 10% of the saturated water content during the period of planting the target plant; if the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained at greater than 10% of the saturated water content after planting; if the target plant is planted in the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained at greater than 10% of the saturated water content after planting; (2) when the target plant is a water plant and the planting method is transplanting: The plant material is evenly covered on the carrier with a thickness of 0.3-12 cm, and the average size of the plant material is not more than 10 cm; during the covering, the water content of the plant material is adjusted to be more than 1% of the saturated water content, i.e. during the planting of the target plant, the water content of the plant material is adjusted to be more than 10% of the saturated water content; if the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained to be more than 10% of the saturated water content after planting; if the target plant is planted in the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained to be more than 10% of the saturated water content after planting.

114. The method of claim 113, wherein, When the target plant is an aquatic plant and the planting method is direct seeding: the plant material is evenly covered on the carrier with a thickness of 0.3-12 cm, and the average size of the plant material is not more than 10 cm; during the covering, the water content of the plant material is adjusted to be more than 10% of the saturated water content, i.e. during the planting of the target plant, the water content of the plant material is adjusted to be more than 30% of the saturated water content; if the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained to be 70% of the saturated water content to a water layer depth of 5 cm or less after planting; if the target plant is planted in the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained to be 10% of the saturated water content to a water layer depth of 5 cm or less after planting.

115. The method of claim 113, wherein, When the target plant is an aquatic plant and the planting method is direct seeding: the plant material is evenly covered on the carrier with a thickness of 0.3-12 cm, and the average size of the plant material is not more than 10 cm; during the covering, the water content of the plant material is adjusted to be more than 40% of the saturated water content to plant material soaking in water, i.e. during the planting of the target plant, the water content of the plant material is adjusted to be more than 30% of the saturated water content to plant material soaking in water; if the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained to be 70% of the saturated water content to a water layer depth of 5 cm or less after planting; if the target plant is planted in the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained to be 10% of the saturated water content to a water layer depth of 5 cm or less after planting.

116. The method of claim 115, wherein, The covering thickness is the waste of the target plant after harvesting in a certain area directly evenly covered on the surface of the original plot.

117. The method of claim 113, wherein, When the target plant is a water plant and the planting method is direct seeding: the plant material is evenly covered on the carrier with a thickness of 0.3-12 cm, and the average size of the plant material is not more than 3 cm; during the covering, the water content of the plant material is adjusted to 40% of the saturated water content to plant material soaking in water, i.e. during the planting of the target plant, the water content of the plant material is adjusted to 30% of the saturated water content to plant material soaking in water; if the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 70% of the saturated water content to a water layer depth of 2 cm or less after planting; if the target plant is planted in the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 10% of the saturated water content to a water layer depth of 5 cm or less after planting.

118. The method of claim 117, wherein, The plant material is evenly covered with a thickness of 0.3-8 cm.

119. The method of claim 117, wherein, The plant material is evenly covered with a thickness of 0.3-6 cm.

120. The method of claim 117, wherein, The plant material is evenly covered with a thickness of 0.3-4 cm.

121. The method of claim 117, wherein, The plant material is evenly covered with a thickness of 0.6-2.5 cm.

122. The method of claim 117, wherein, The plant material is evenly covered with a thickness of 0.6-1.2 cm.

123. The method of claim 117, wherein, The waste after the harvest of the target plant in a certain area is directly evenly covered on the surface of the original plot after being crushed into pieces.

124. The method of claim 113, wherein, When the target plant is a water plant and the planting method is direct seeding: the plant material is evenly covered on the carrier with a thickness of 0.3-8 cm, and the average size of the plant material is not more than 1 cm; during the covering, the plant material is soaked in water, i.e. during the planting of the target plant, the water content of the plant material is adjusted to 100% of the saturated water content to plant material soaking; if the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the plant material is maintained at 70% of the saturated water content to a water layer of 2 cm or less after planting; if the target plant is planted in the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 10% of the saturated water content to 100% after planting.

125. The method of claim 124, wherein, The plant material is evenly covered with a thickness of 0.3-4 cm.

126. The method of claim 124, wherein, The plant material is evenly covered with a thickness of 0.6-2.5 cm.

127. The method of claim 124, wherein, The plant material is evenly covered with a thickness of 0.6-1.2 cm.

128. The method of claim 124, wherein, The plant material is evenly covered with a thickness of 0.3-6 cm.

129. The method of claim 124, wherein, The waste after the harvest of the target plant in a certain area is directly evenly covered on the surface of the original plot after being crushed into pieces.

130. The method of claim 113, wherein, When the target plant is a water plant and the planting method is transplanting: the plant material is uniformly covered on the carrier with a thickness of 0.3-12 cm, and the average size of the plant material is not more than 10 cm; during the covering, the water content of the plant material is adjusted to be more than 10% of the saturated water content, i.e. during the planting of the target plant, the water content of the plant material is adjusted to be more than 30% of the saturated water content; if the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained to be 70% of the saturated water content to a water layer depth of less than 5 cm after planting; if the target plant is planted in the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained to be 10% of the saturated water content to a water layer depth of less than 5 cm.

131. The method of claim 113, wherein, When the target plant is a water plant and the planting method is transplanting: the plant material is uniformly covered on the carrier with a thickness of 0.3-12 cm, and the average size of the plant material is not more than 10 cm; during the covering, the water content of the plant material is adjusted to be 50% of the saturated water content to the plant material being soaked in water, i.e. during the planting of the target plant, the water content of the plant material is adjusted to be 30% of the saturated water content to the plant material being soaked in water; if the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained to be 70% of the saturated water content to a water layer depth of less than 5 cm after planting; if the target plant is planted in the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained to be 10% of the saturated water content to a water layer depth of less than 5 cm.

132. The method of claim 131, wherein, The waste after the harvesting of the target plant of a certain area is directly uniformly covered on the surface of the original plot after being crushed into pieces.

133. The method of claim 113, wherein, When the target plant is a water plant and the planting method is transplanting: the plant material is uniformly covered on the carrier with a thickness of 0.3-12 cm, and the average size of the plant material is not more than 3 cm; during the covering, the water content of the plant material is adjusted to be 50% of the saturated water content to the plant material being soaked in water, i.e. during the planting of the target plant, the water content of the plant material is adjusted to be 100% of the saturated water content to the plant material being soaked in water; if the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained to be 70% of the saturated water content to a water layer depth of less than 5 cm after planting, and the water content of the plant material is maintained to be 10% of the saturated water content to a water layer depth of less than 8 cm after 4-8 days; if the target plant is planted in the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained to be 10% of the saturated water content to a water layer depth of less than 5 cm, and the water content of the plant material is maintained to be 10% of the saturated water content to a water layer depth of less than 6 cm after 4-8 days.

134. The method of claim 133, wherein, The plant material is uniformly covered with a thickness of 0.3-8 cm.

135. The method of claim 133, wherein, The plant material is uniformly covered with a thickness of 0.3-6 cm.

136. The method of claim 133, wherein, The plant material is uniformly covered with a thickness of 0.3-4 cm.

137. The method of claim 133, wherein, The plant material is uniformly covered with a thickness of 0.6-2.5 cm.

138. The method of claim 133, wherein, The plant material is evenly covered to a thickness of 0.6-1.2 cm.

139. The method of claim 133, wherein, The waste after the target plants in a certain area are harvested is directly evenly covered to the surface of the original plot after the waste is crushed into pieces.

140. The method of claim 113, wherein, When the target plants are aquatic plants and the planting method is transplanting: the plant material is evenly covered on the carrier to a thickness of 0.3-8 cm, and the average size of the plant material is not greater than 1 cm; during the covering, the water content of the plant material is adjusted to be wet to plant material soaking in water, i.e. the water content of the plant material is adjusted to be 100% of the saturated water content to plant material soaking; if the target plants are planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained to be 70% of the saturated water content of the plant material to a water layer depth of less than 5 cm after planting, and the water content of the plant material is maintained to be 10% of the saturated water content of the plant material to a water layer depth of less than 8 cm after 4-8 days; if the target plants are planted in the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained to be 10% of the saturated water content of the plant material to a water layer depth of less than 5 cm after planting, and the water content of the plant material is maintained to be 10% of the saturated water content of the plant material to a water layer depth of less than 6 cm after 4-8 days.

141. The method of claim 140, wherein, The plant material is evenly covered to a thickness of 0.3-6 cm.

142. The method of claim 140, wherein, The plant material is evenly covered to a thickness of 0.3-4 cm.

143. The method of claim 140, wherein, The plant material is evenly covered to a thickness of 0.6-2.5 cm.

144. The method of claim 140, wherein, The plant material is evenly covered to a thickness of 0.6-1.2 cm.

145. The method of claim 140, wherein, The waste after the target plants in a certain area are harvested is directly evenly covered to the surface of the original plot after the waste is crushed into pieces.

146. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein, The plant material is derived from at least one of rapeseed, rice, wheat, corn and soybean, wherein: (1) when the target plants are dry land plants and the planting method is direct seeding: The plant material is evenly covered on the carrier to a thickness of 0.3-12 cm, and the average size of the plant material is not greater than 10 cm; during the covering, the water content of the plant material is adjusted to be greater than 1% of the saturated water content, i.e. the water content of the plant material is adjusted to be greater than 10% of the saturated water content during the planting of the target plants; if the target plants are planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained to be greater than 10% of the saturated water content of the plant material after planting; if the target plants are planted in the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained to be greater than 10% of the saturated water content of the plant material after planting; (2) when the target plants are dry land plants and the planting method is transplanting: The plant material is evenly covered on the carrier to a thickness of 0.3-8 cm, and the average size of the plant material is not greater than 1 cm; during the covering, the water content of the plant material is adjusted to be wet to plant material soaking in water, i.e. the water content of the plant material is adjusted to be 100% of the saturated water content to plant material soaking; if the target plants are planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained to be 70% of the saturated water content of the plant material to a water layer depth of less than 5 cm after planting, and the water content of the plant material is maintained to be 10% of the saturated water content of the plant material to a water layer depth of less than 8 cm after 4-8 days; if the target plants are planted in the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained to be 10% of the saturated water content of the plant material to a water layer depth of less than 5 cm after planting, and the water content of the plant material is maintained to be 10% of the saturated water content of the plant material to a water layer depth of less than 6 cm after 4-8 days. The plant material is evenly covered on the carrier to a thickness of 0.3-12 cm, and the average size of the plant material is not more than 10 cm; during the covering, the water content of the plant material is adjusted to be more than 1% of the saturated water content, i.e. during the planting of the target plant, the water content of the plant material is adjusted to be more than 10% of the saturated water content; if the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained to be more than 10% of the saturated water content after planting; if the target plant is planted in the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained to be more than 10% of the saturated water content after planting.

147. The method of claim 146, wherein, When the target plant is a xerophyte and the planting method is direct seeding: the plant material is evenly covered on the carrier to a thickness of 0.3-12 cm, and the average size of the plant material is not more than 10 cm; during the covering, the water content of the plant material is adjusted to be more than 10% of the saturated water content, i.e. during the planting of the target plant, the water content of the plant material is adjusted to be more than 30% of the saturated water content; if the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained to be 40% of the saturated water content to plant material soaking after planting; if the target plant is planted in the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained to be 10% to 90% of the saturated water content after planting.

148. The method of claim 146, wherein, When the target plant is a xerophyte and the planting method is direct seeding: the plant material is evenly covered on the carrier to a thickness of 0.3-12 cm, and the average size of the plant material is not more than 10 cm; during the covering, the water content of the plant material is adjusted to be more than 50% of the saturated water content to plant material soaking in water, i.e. during the planting of the target plant, the water content of the plant material is adjusted to be more than 70% of the saturated water content to plant material soaking in water; if the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained to be 40% of the saturated water content to plant material soaking after planting; if the target plant is planted in the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained to be 10% to 90% of the saturated water content after planting.

149. The method of claim 148, wherein, The waste after the harvest of the target plant of a certain area is directly evenly covered on the surface of the original plot after being crushed into pieces.

150. The method of claim 146, wherein, When the target plant is a dry land plant and the planting method is direct sowing: the plant material is uniformly covered on the carrier with a thickness of 0.3-12 cm, and the average size of the plant material is not more than 3 cm; during the covering, the water content of the plant material is adjusted to 50% of the saturated water content to plant material soaking, i.e. during the period of planting the target plant, the water content of the plant material is adjusted to 70% of the saturated water content to plant material soaking; if the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 40% of the saturated water content to plant material soaking after planting, and after the root system of the target plant penetrates downward through the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 10%-80% of the saturated water content; if the target plant is planted in the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 10%-90% of the saturated water content after planting, and after the root system of the target plant penetrates downward through the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 10%-70% of the saturated water content.

151. The method of claim 150, wherein, The plant material is uniformly covered with a thickness of 0.3-8 cm.

152. The method of claim 150, wherein, The plant material is uniformly covered with a thickness of 0.3-6 cm.

153. The method of claim 150, wherein, The plant material is uniformly covered with a thickness of 0.3-4 cm.

154. The method of claim 150, wherein, The plant material is uniformly covered with a thickness of 0.6-2.5 cm.

155. The method of claim 150, wherein, The plant material is uniformly covered with a thickness of 0.6-1.2 cm.

156. The method of claim 150, wherein, The waste after the target plant of a certain area is harvested is directly uniformly covered on the surface of the original plot after being crushed into pieces.

157. The method of claim 146, wherein, When the target plant is a dry land plant and the planting method is direct sowing: the plant material is uniformly covered on the carrier with a thickness of 0.3-8 cm, and the average size of the plant material is not more than 1 cm; during the covering, the water content of the plant material is adjusted to 50% of the saturated water content to plant material soaking, i.e. during the period of planting the target plant, the water content of the plant material is adjusted to 70% of the saturated water content to plant material soaking; if the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 40% of the saturated water content to plant material soaking after planting, and after the root system of the target plant penetrates downward through the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 10%-80% of the saturated water content; if the target plant is planted in the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 10%-90% of the saturated water content after planting, and after the root system of the target plant penetrates downward through the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 10%-70% of the saturated water content.

158. The method of claim 157, wherein, The plant material is uniformly covered with a thickness of 0.3-6 cm.

159. The method of claim 157, wherein, The plant material is uniformly covered with a thickness of 0.3-4 cm.

160. The method of claim 157, wherein, The plant material is uniformly covered with a thickness of 0.6-2.5 cm.

161. The method of claim 157, wherein, The plant material is uniformly covered with a thickness of 0.6-1.2 cm.

162. The method of claim 157, wherein, The waste after the target plant of a certain area is harvested is directly uniformly covered on the surface of the original plot after being crushed into pieces.

163. The method of claim 146, wherein, When the target plant is a dry land plant and the planting method is transplanting: the plant material is uniformly covered on the carrier with a thickness of 0.3-12 cm, and the average size of the plant material is not more than 10 cm; during the covering, the water content of the plant material is adjusted to be more than 10% of the saturated water content, i.e. during the planting of the target plant, the water content of the plant material is adjusted to be more than 30% of the saturated water content; if the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained to be 50% of the saturated water content to a water layer depth of 2 cm or less after planting; if the target plant is planted in the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained to be 10% of the saturated water content to a water layer depth of 2 cm or less after planting.

164. The method of claim 146, wherein, When the target plant is a dry land plant and the planting method is transplanting: the plant material is uniformly covered on the carrier with a thickness of 0.3-12 cm, and the average size of the plant material is not more than 10 cm; during the covering, the water content of the plant material is adjusted to be 30% of the saturated water content to the plant material being soaked in water, i.e. during the planting of the target plant, the water content of the plant material is adjusted to be 70% of the saturated water content to the plant material being soaked in water; if the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained to be 50% of the saturated water content to a water layer of 2 cm or less after planting; if the target plant is planted in the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained to be 10% of the saturated water content to a water layer depth of 2 cm or less after planting.

165. The method of claim 164, wherein, The waste after the harvest of the target plant in a certain area is directly uniformly covered on the surface of the original plot after the waste is crushed into pieces.

166. The method of claim 146, wherein, When the target plant is a dry land plant and the planting method is transplanting: the plant material is uniformly covered on the carrier with a thickness of 0.3-12 cm, and the average size of the plant material is not more than 3 cm; during the covering, the water content of the plant material is adjusted to be 30% of the saturated water content to the plant material being soaked in water, i.e. during the planting of the target plant, the water content of the plant material is adjusted to be 70% of the saturated water content to the plant material being soaked in water; if the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained to be 50% of the saturated water content to a water layer of 2 cm or less after planting; 4-8 days later, the water content of the plant material is maintained to be 10%-90% of the saturated water content; if the target plant is planted in the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained to be 10% of the saturated water content to a water layer depth of 2 cm or less, and 4-8 days later, the water content of the plant material is maintained to be 10%-80% of the saturated water content.

167. The method of claim 166, wherein, The plant material is uniformly covered with a thickness of 0.3-8 cm.

168. The method of claim 166, wherein, The plant material is uniformly covered with a thickness of 0.3-6 cm.

169. The method of claim 166, wherein, The plant material is uniformly covered with a thickness of 0.3-4 cm.

170. The method of claim 166, wherein, The plant material is uniformly covered with a thickness of 0.6-2.5 cm.

171. The method of claim 166, wherein, The plant material is uniformly covered with a thickness of 0.6-1.2 cm.

172. The method of claim 166, wherein, The waste of the target plants after harvest is directly and evenly covered on the surface of the original plot after being crushed into pieces.

173. The method of claim 146, wherein, When the target plants are dry land plants and the planting method is transplanting: the plant material with a thickness of 0.3-8 cm is evenly covered on the carrier, and the average size of the plant material is not more than 1 cm; during the covering, the water content of the plant material is adjusted to be 30% of the saturated water content, or the plant material is soaked in water, i.e. the water layer depth is less than 5 cm during the planting of the target plants, the water content of the plant material is adjusted to be 70% of the saturated water content; if the target plants are planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained to be 50% of the saturated water content after planting, and the water layer depth is less than 2 cm; after 4-8 days, the water content of the plant material is maintained to be 10%-90% of the saturated water content; if the target plants are planted in the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained to be 10% of the saturated water content, and the water layer depth is less than 2 cm; after 4-8 days, the water content of the plant material is maintained to be 10%-80% of the saturated water content.

174. The method of claim 173, wherein, The plant material with a thickness of 0.3-6 cm is evenly covered.

175. The method of claim 173, wherein, The plant material with a thickness of 0.3-4 cm is evenly covered.

176. The method of claim 173, wherein, The plant material with a thickness of 0.6-2.5 cm is evenly covered.

177. The method of claim 173, wherein, The plant material with a thickness of 0.6-1.2 cm is evenly covered.

178. The method of claim 173, wherein, The waste of the target plants after harvest is directly and evenly covered on the surface of the original plot after being crushed into pieces.

179. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein, The plant material is derived from at least one of rapeseed, rice, wheat, corn and soybean, wherein: (1) when the target plants are rice and the planting method is direct seeding: The plant material with a thickness of 0.3-12 cm is evenly covered on the carrier, and the average size of the plant material is not more than 10 cm; during the covering, the water content of the plant material is adjusted to be more than 1% of the saturated water content, i.e. the water content of the plant material is adjusted to be more than 10% of the saturated water content during the planting of the target plants; if the target plants are planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained to be more than 10% of the saturated water content after planting; if the target plants are planted in the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained to be more than 10% of the saturated water content after planting. (2) when the target plants are rice and the planting method is transplanting: The plant material with a thickness of 0.3-12 cm is evenly covered on the carrier, and the average size of the plant material is not more than 10 cm; during the covering, the water content of the plant material is adjusted to be more than 1% of the saturated water content, i.e. the water content of the plant material is adjusted to be more than 10% of the saturated water content during the planting of the target plants; if the target plants are planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained to be more than 10% of the saturated water content after planting; if the target plants are planted in the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained to be more than 10% of the saturated water content after planting.

180. The method of claim 179, wherein, When the target plant is rice and the planting method is direct seeding: the plant material is uniformly covered on the carrier with a thickness of 0.3-12 cm, and the average size of the plant material is not more than 10 cm; during the covering, the water content of the plant material is adjusted to be more than 10% of the saturated water content, i.e. during the planting of the target plant, the water content of the plant material is adjusted to be more than 30% of the saturated water content; if the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained to be 70% of the saturated water content to a water layer depth of 5 cm or less after planting; if the target plant is planted in the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained to be 10% of the saturated water content to a water layer depth of 5 cm or less after planting.

181. The method of claim 179, wherein, When the target plant is rice and the planting method is direct seeding: the plant material is uniformly covered on the carrier with a thickness of 0.3-12 cm, and the average size of the plant material is not more than 10 cm; during the covering, the water content of the plant material is adjusted to be 40% of the saturated water content to the plant material being soaked in water, i.e. during the planting of the target plant, the water content of the plant material is adjusted to be 30% of the saturated water content to the plant material being soaked in water; if the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained to be 70% of the saturated water content to a water layer depth of 5 cm or less after planting; if the target plant is planted in the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained to be 10% of the saturated water content to a water layer depth of 5 cm or less after planting.

182. The method of claim 181, wherein, The waste after the harvest of the target plant in a certain area is directly uniformly covered on the surface of the original plot after being crushed into pieces.

183. The method of claim 179, wherein, When the target plant is rice and the planting method is direct seeding: the plant material is uniformly covered on the carrier with a thickness of 0.3-12 cm, and the average size of the plant material is not more than 3 cm; during the covering, the water content of the plant material is adjusted to be 40% of the saturated water content to the plant material being soaked in water, i.e. during the planting of the target plant, the water content of the plant material is adjusted to be 30% of the saturated water content to the plant material being soaked in water; if the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained to be 70% of the saturated water content to a water layer depth of 2 cm or less after planting; if the target plant is planted in the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained to be 10% of the saturated water content to a water layer depth of 5 cm or less after planting.

184. The method of claim 183, wherein, The plant material is uniformly covered with a thickness of 0.3-8 cm.

185. The method of claim 183, wherein, The plant material is uniformly covered with a thickness of 0.3-6 cm.

186. The method of claim 183, wherein, The plant material is uniformly covered with a thickness of 0.3-4 cm.

187. The method of claim 183, wherein, The plant material is uniformly covered with a thickness of 0.6-1.2 cm.

188. The method of claim 183, wherein, The waste after the harvest of the target plant in a certain area is directly uniformly covered on the surface of the original plot after being crushed into pieces.

189. The method of claim 179, wherein, When the target plant is rice and the planting method is direct seeding: the plant material is uniformly covered on the carrier with a thickness of 0.3-8 cm, and the average size of the plant material is not more than 1 cm; during the covering, the water content of the plant material is adjusted to be 100% of the saturated water content to plant material soaking in water, i.e. during the period of planting the target plant, the water content of the plant material is adjusted to be 100% of the saturated water content to plant material soaking in water; if the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 70% of the saturated water content to a water layer depth of 2 cm or less after planting; if the target plant is planted in the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 10% of the saturated water content to 100% of the saturated water content after planting.

190. The method of claim 189, wherein, The plant material is uniformly covered with a thickness of 0.3-6 cm.

191. The method of claim 189, wherein, The plant material is uniformly covered with a thickness of 0.3-4 cm.

192. The method of claim 189, wherein, The plant material is uniformly covered with a thickness of 0.6-2.5 cm.

193. The method of claim 189, wherein, The plant material is uniformly covered with a thickness of 0.6-1.2 cm.

194. The method of claim 189, wherein, The waste after the target plant of a certain area is harvested is directly uniformly covered on the surface of the original plot after being crushed into pieces.

195. The method of claim 179, wherein, When the target plant is rice and the planting method is transplanting: the plant material is uniformly covered on the carrier with a thickness of 0.3-12 cm, and the average size of the plant material is not more than 10 cm; during the covering, the water content of the plant material is adjusted to be more than 10% of the saturated water content, i.e. during the period of planting the target plant, the water content of the plant material is adjusted to be more than 30% of the saturated water content; if the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 70% of the saturated water content to a water layer depth of 5 cm or less after planting; if the target plant is planted in the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 10% of the saturated water content to a water layer depth of 5 cm or less after planting.

196. The method of claim 179, wherein, When the target plant is rice and the planting method is transplanting: the plant material is uniformly covered on the carrier with a thickness of 0.3-12 cm, and the average size of the plant material is not more than 10 cm; during the covering, the water content of the plant material is adjusted to be 50% of the saturated water content to plant material soaking in water, i.e. during the period of planting the target plant, the water content of the plant material is adjusted to be 30% of the saturated water content to plant material soaking in water; if the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 70% of the saturated water content to a water layer of 5 cm or less after planting; if the target plant is planted in the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 10% of the saturated water content to a water layer of 5 cm or less after planting.

197. The method of claim 196, wherein, The waste after the target plant of a certain area is harvested is directly uniformly covered on the surface of the original plot after being crushed into pieces.

198. The method of claim 179, wherein, When the target plant is rice and the planting method is transplanting: the plant material is uniformly covered on the carrier with a thickness of 0.3-12 cm, and the average size of the plant material is not more than 3 cm; during the covering, the water content of the plant material is adjusted to 50% of the saturated water content to plant material soaking, i.e. during the period of planting the target plant, the water content of the plant material is adjusted to 100% of the saturated water content to plant material soaking; if the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 70% of the saturated water content to a water layer depth of less than 5 cm after planting, and the water content of the plant material is maintained at 10% of the saturated water content to a water layer depth of less than 8 cm after 4-8 days; if the target plant is planted in the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 10% of the saturated water content to a water layer depth of less than 5 cm, and the water content of the plant material is maintained at 10% of the saturated water content to a water layer depth of less than 6 cm after 4-8 days.

199. The method of claim 198, wherein, The plant material is uniformly covered with a thickness of 0.3-8 cm.

200. The method of claim 198, wherein, The plant material is uniformly covered with a thickness of 0.3-6 cm.

201. The method of claim 198, wherein, The plant material is uniformly covered with a thickness of 0.3-4 cm.

202. The method of claim 198, wherein, The plant material is uniformly covered with a thickness of 0.6-2.5 cm.

203. The method of claim 198, wherein, The plant material is uniformly covered with a thickness of 0.6-1.2 cm.

204. The method of claim 198, wherein, The waste after the target plant of a certain area is harvested is directly uniformly covered on the surface of the original plot after being crushed into pieces.

205. The method of claim 179, wherein, When the target plant is rice and the planting method is transplanting: the plant material is uniformly covered on the carrier with a thickness of 0.3-8 cm, and the average size of the plant material is not more than 1 cm; during the covering, the water content of the plant material is adjusted to wet to plant material soaking, i.e. during the period of planting the target plant, the water content of the plant material is adjusted to 100% of the saturated water content to plant material soaking; if the target plant is planted on the surface of the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 70% of the saturated water content to a water layer depth of less than 5 cm after planting, and the water content of the plant material is maintained at 10% of the saturated water content to a water layer depth of less than 8 cm after 4-8 days; if the target plant is planted in the plant material layer, the water content of the plant material is maintained at 10% of the saturated water content to a water layer depth of less than 5 cm, and the water content of the plant material is maintained at 10% of the saturated water content to a water layer depth of less than 6 cm after 4-8 days.

206. The method of claim 205, wherein, The plant material is uniformly covered with a thickness of 0.3-6 cm.

207. The method of claim 205, wherein, The plant material is uniformly covered with a thickness of 0.3-4 cm.

208. The method of claim 205, wherein, The plant material is uniformly covered with a thickness of 0.6-2.5 cm.

209. The method of claim 205, wherein, The plant material is uniformly covered with a thickness of 0.6-1.2 cm.

210. The method of claim 205, wherein, The waste after the target plant of a certain area is harvested is directly uniformly covered on the surface of the original plot after being crushed into pieces.

211. The method of any one of claims 1-38, wherein: The shape of the plant material is selected from the group consisting of strip, sheet, tube, block, powder, leaf or part of leaf, plant or part of plant. The shape of the plant material is selected from the group consisting of strip, sheet, tube, block, powder, leaf or part of leaf, plant or part of plant.

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