Wellbore simulation devices, interfracture temporary plugging simulation devices, systems, and methods

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of hydraulic fracturing of oil and gas fields, and discloses a wellbore simulation device, a fracturing interlayer temporary plugging simulation device, a system and a method, the wellbore simulation device comprising a casing simulation cylinder, a pressure simulation device and a recovery liquid storage tank, the casing simulation cylinder comprising a first casing and a second casing, a part of the pipe section of the first casing is inserted into the second casing, and a plurality of perforation holes are arranged on the part of the pipe section, the plurality of perforation holes are distributed in phases, and can be used for simulating different perforation azimuth blast holes under the condition of multiple cluster perforations of temporary plugging balls, the other part of the pipe section of the first casing and the second casing are connected with the recovery liquid storage tank, and the pressure simulation device is arranged to simulate the pressure of the part of the pipe section of the first casing. The present application solves the technical problem that, due to the fact that there is no device and method for simulating the plugging effect of different perforation azimuth blast holes under the condition of multiple cluster perforations of temporary plugging balls before construction in the prior art, it is impossible to design a more optimal scheme for the plugging of blast holes by temporary plugging balls on site to guide the construction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of hydraulic fracturing technology in oil and gas fields, specifically to wellbore simulation devices, inter-fracturing layer temporary plugging simulation devices, systems, and methods. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, horizontal well fracturing is an essential production-enhancing measure in the development of unconventional gas reservoirs such as tight oil and gas and shale gas. Horizontal well staged fracturing is of great significance for increasing recoverable reserves, improving single-well productivity, and extending the stable production period. With the development of petroleum equipment technology, horizontal well staged fracturing technology has gradually evolved from the initial single-stage, single-cluster fracturing to single-stage, two-cluster, and multi-cluster fracturing. Single-stage, multi-cluster fracturing can effectively reduce the number of fracturing stages, the number of downhole tools used, and the construction cycle while ensuring the reservoir stimulation volume, resulting in significant economic benefits. To ensure effective stimulation of each cluster in a single-stage, multi-cluster fracturing process, ball-plugging fracturing is generally used. Therefore, the effectiveness of the ball-plugging in sealing the perforation plays a crucial role in the efficiency and effectiveness of reservoir stimulation.

[0003] In actual fracturing processes, the movement of the temporary plugging ball in the wellbore is affected by various factors, including inertial force, dragging force, ball-holding force, as well as the ball's gravity and buoyancy. For vertical wells, the movement of the temporary plugging ball in the wellbore can be modeled to simulate the impact of factors such as drilling flow rate, fluid density, and the number of balls deployed on plugging efficiency. However, in horizontal wells, when cross-layer fracturing, controlling edge and bottom water, or avoiding faults for reservoir stimulation, directional unequal-volume perforation is typically performed. Simultaneously, in single-stage multi-cluster fracturing, when the stress difference between clusters does not meet the conditions for separate opening, flow-limited perforation is usually performed. The plugging effect of perforations in different orientations of horizontal wells, especially those located in the upper part, varies greatly depending on the number of balls deployed, the ball flow rate, and the fluid density, due to the influence of gravity.

[0004] The optimization of parameters and the effectiveness of temporary plugging ball deployment currently require evaluation and selection using experimental instruments. However, current evaluations of experimental simulation devices mainly focus on assessing the pressure resistance of the temporary plugging ball and the impact of factors such as different displacement rates, number of perforations, fluid viscosity, and density differences on the plugging effect. Research on the influence of the perforation azimuth angle in horizontal wells on the plugging effect of temporary plugging balls remains lacking. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the technical problem that existing technologies lack devices and methods for simulating the sealing effect of temporary plugging balls on perforations under different perforation azimuths, perforation numbers, and pumping rates and ball deployment numbers before construction. This makes it impossible to design optimal solutions for sealing perforations on-site to guide construction. The invention provides a wellbore simulation device, a fracturing inter-layer temporary plugging simulation device, system, and method. This wellbore simulation device demonstrates the sealing effect of temporary plugging balls on perforations under multiple clusters of different perforation azimuths and perforation numbers. This optimizes construction parameters such as perforation parameters, the number of temporary plugging balls deployed, and pumping rate to guide practical field applications.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a wellbore simulation device for simulating temporary plugging tests between fractures;

[0007] The wellbore simulation device includes a casing simulation cylinder, a pressure simulation device, and a recovery storage tank. One end of the casing simulation cylinder is provided with a first connector for connecting to the inlet device, and the other end of the casing simulation cylinder is connected to the recovery storage tank.

[0008] The casing simulation cylinder includes a first casing and a second casing. A portion of the first casing is inserted into the second casing and has multiple perforations on this portion of the casing. The multiple perforations are distributed in phase. Another portion of the first casing is located outside the second casing and is connected to the recovery storage tank. The second casing is connected to the recovery storage tank via a pressure relief valve. The pressure simulation device is installed on the second casing (102) to simulate the pressure of a portion of the first casing.

[0009] This invention simulates the underground gas flow environment by setting up a casing simulation tube connecting the inlet device and the recovery storage tank. The casing simulation tube is configured to include a first casing and a second casing, with a portion of the first casing inserted into the second casing and having multiple perforations on this portion. These perforations are phase-distributed and can be used to simulate perforations at different azimuths under multi-cluster perforation conditions with temporary plugging balls. Another portion of the first casing is located outside the second casing and connected to the recovery storage tank. The second casing is connected to the recovery storage tank via a pressure relief valve. The pressure simulation device is installed on the second casing to simulate the pressure on a portion of the first casing, thereby simulating the pressure environment of the wellbore in the formation. This is achieved by integrating the injection component and the ball-dropping component in the inlet device, as well as... The data acquisition device can simulate the plugging effect of temporary plugging balls under pressure in the formation wellbore; the phase distribution of multiple perforations allows for simulation tests of temporary plugging balls for perforations at different angles. This invention can replace the first casing of perforations with different phase distributions according to actual needs, or set up multiple first casings or first wellbore simulation devices to plug perforations at different angles, thereby optimizing construction parameters such as perforation parameters, the number of temporary plugging balls added, and pumping discharge rate to guide actual field applications. This solves the technical problem that existing technologies lack devices and methods for simulating the plugging effect of temporary plugging balls on perforations at different perforation orientations under multi-cluster perforation conditions, making it impossible to design a better solution for plugging perforations on-site to guide construction.

[0010] Preferably, the pressure simulation device includes a perforated guide pipe, a flow regulating valve, an outflow manifold, and a booster pump. The perforated guide pipe is connected to the second sleeve, and multiple perforated guide pipes are connected to the recovery storage tank through the outflow manifold. The booster pump is connected to the outflow manifold and the recovery storage tank. The flow regulating valve is matched and installed on the perforated guide pipe; and / or, the flow regulating valve is installed on the outflow manifold.

[0011] Preferably, the second sleeve is provided with a second connector that connects to the perforation guide tube, and the second connectors are evenly distributed on the second sleeve along the axial direction of the second sleeve.

[0012] Preferably, two sets of pressure simulation devices are provided on the casing simulation cylinder (1) of the well casing simulation device, and the two sets of pressure simulation devices are respectively arranged on the side walls of the two sides with the farthest radial distance of the second casing along the axial direction of the second casing.

[0013] Preferably, a portion of the first sleeve is detachably inserted into the second sleeve.

[0014] Preferably, the first sleeve includes at least one of the following scenarios:

[0015] Scenario 1: The perforations on the first sleeve are distributed at equal angles along the circumference of the first sleeve.

[0016] Scenario 2: The perforations on the first casing are distributed at equal intervals along the axial direction of the first casing.

[0017] A second aspect of the present invention provides a device for simulating interlayer temporary plugging in fracturing;

[0018] The inter-layer temporary plugging simulation device for fracturing includes an inlet device, a data acquisition device, and any one of the aforementioned wellbore simulation devices. The inlet device is connected to the wellbore simulation device, and the data acquisition device is installed on the inlet device and the wellbore simulation device to collect pressure and / or flow rate data of the liquid in the inlet device, the wellbore simulation device, and the connecting pipeline between them.

[0019] The inlet device includes a liquid injection component and a ball throwing component. The ball throwing component places a temporary plugging ball into the liquid flowing from the liquid injection component into the wellbore simulation device.

[0020] Preferably, the injection assembly includes a mixing container and a horizontal pump, and the ball-dropping assembly includes a ball-dropping riser and a temporary plugging ball. The mixing container is connected to the horizontal pump and supplies liquid to the wellbore simulation device through a pipeline. The ball-dropping riser is located on the pipeline between the horizontal pump and the wellbore simulation device to insert a temporary plugging ball into the liquid.

[0021] Preferably, the data acquisition device includes a pressure gauge and a flow meter, wherein,

[0022] The pressure gauge is installed at least on the pipeline between the horizontal flow pump and the ball-feeding riser, on the pipeline between the ball-feeding riser and the wellbore simulation device, and on the pipeline between the booster pump of the wellbore simulation device and the recovery storage tank.

[0023] The flow meter is installed at least on the pipeline between the horizontal flow pump and the ball-launching riser, and on the pipeline between the ball-launching riser and the wellbore simulation device.

[0024] Preferably, the flow meter comprises at least one of the following methods:

[0025] Option 1: The flow meter installed on the pipeline between the horizontal flow pump and the ball-feeding riser is a mass flow meter;

[0026] Method 2: The flow meter installed on the pipeline between the ball-throwing riser and the well shaft simulation device is an ultrasonic flow meter.

[0027] Preferably, the inter-layer temporary plugging simulation device includes multiple wellbore simulation devices.

[0028] A third aspect of the present invention provides a simulation system for interlayer temporary plugging in fracturing;

[0029] The inter-layer temporary plugging simulation system for fracturing includes an import module, a data acquisition module, and a wellbore simulation module. The import module is connected to the wellbore simulation module, and the data acquisition module collects pressure and / or flow data of the fluid in the import module, the wellbore simulation module, and the connecting pipelines between them.

[0030] The import module includes a liquid injection unit and a ball dropping unit. The ball dropping unit places a temporary plugging ball into the liquid flowing into the wellbore module by the liquid injection unit.

[0031] The fourth aspect of this invention provides a method for simulating interlayer temporary plugging in fracturing;

[0032] This inter-layer temporary plugging simulation method is applicable to any of the aforementioned inter-layer temporary plugging simulation devices, and the steps of the inter-layer temporary plugging simulation method include:

[0033] Based on the experimental requirements, a wellbore simulation device suitable for the perforation hole of the first casing was selected.

[0034] Connect the inlet device and the wellbore simulation device, introduce the liquid from the inlet device into the wellbore simulation device, and simulate the pressure in the wellbore simulation device through the pressure simulation device;

[0035] The pressure and / or flow rate data of the liquid in the import device and the wellbore simulation device, as well as the connecting pipeline between them, are collected by the data acquisition device.

[0036] A temporary plugging ball is inserted into the wellbore simulation device using an inlet device;

[0037] The data acquisition device records pressure and flow data during the experiment, which can be combined with the sealing structure for subsequent experimental analysis.

[0038] Preferably, when the inter-fracturing temporary plugging simulation device includes multiple wellbore simulation devices, the connection between the wellbore simulation device and the inlet device is opened according to experimental requirements. Attached Figure Description

[0039] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a wellbore simulation device according to a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the recovery storage tank;

[0041] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the transverse cross-sectional structure of the wellbore simulation device.

[0042] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures

[0043] 0. Wellbore simulation device; 1. Casing simulation tube; 101. First casing; 102. Second casing; 2. Pressure simulation device; 201. Perforation guide pipe; 202. Flow regulating valve; 203. Outflow manifold; 204. Booster pump; 3. Recovery storage tank; 4. First connector; 5. Perforation orifice; 6. Pressure relief valve; 7. Second connector; 8. Inlet device; 9. Injection assembly; 901. Mixing container; 902. Horizontal flow pump; 10. Ball launching assembly; 1001. Ball launching riser; 1002. Temporary plugging ball; 11. Data acquisition device; 1101. Pressure gauge; 1102. Flow meter; 12. Inlet; 13. Piping; 14. Check valve; 15. Drain outlet. Detailed Implementation

[0044] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this invention are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate for the embodiments of the invention described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0046] In this invention, the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "inner," "outer," "middle," and "horizontal," etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. These terms are primarily for the purpose of better describing the invention and its embodiments and are not intended to limit the indicated devices, elements, or components to having a specific orientation or to be constructed and operated in a specific orientation.

[0047] Furthermore, in addition to indicating direction or positional relationship, some of the aforementioned terms may also have other meanings. For example, the term "above" may also be used in certain situations to indicate a dependency or connection. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of these terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0048] In addition, the term "multiple" should mean two or more.

[0049] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the present invention can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0050] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the present invention provides a wellbore simulation device for simulating temporary plugging tests in fractured formations. The wellbore simulation device includes a casing simulation cylinder 1, a pressure simulation device 2, and a recovery storage tank 3. One end of the casing simulation cylinder 1 is provided with a first connector 4 for connecting to an inlet device, and the other end of the casing simulation cylinder 1 is connected to the recovery storage tank 3. The recovery storage tank 3 is provided with a drain outlet 15 for liquid discharge to form a flow environment simulating the throwing of temporary plugging balls in the formation. The casing simulation cylinder 1 includes a first casing 101 and a second casing 102. A portion of the first casing 101 is inserted into the second casing 102 and has multiple perforations 5. The multiple perforations 5 are distributed in phase. Another portion of the first casing 101 is located outside the second casing 102 and is connected to the recovery storage tank 3. The second casing 102 is connected to the recovery storage tank 3 through a pressure relief valve 6. A pressure simulation device 3 is installed on the second casing 102 to simulate the pressure of a portion of the first casing 101.

[0051] In practical application, the casing simulation cylinder 1 is connected to the inlet device and the pressure simulation device 2. The first connector 4 connects to the casing simulation cylinder 1, allowing for easy disassembly and replacement of the casing simulation cylinder 1. Liquid is injected into the casing simulation cylinder 1 through the inlet device and ultimately flows into the recovery storage tank 3, creating flowing liquid and generating pressure to simulate the fluid flow environment in the wellbore within the formation. The pressure simulation device 2 simulates the pressure on a portion of the first casing 101 inserted into the second casing 102. This portion of the first casing 101 has multiple perforations 5, distributed in phases, which can be used to simulate perforations at different perforation orientations under multi-cluster perforation conditions with temporary plugging balls. Under pressurized conditions, it can simulate the pressure at the hole to be plugged in the formation. The flow rate of the liquid in the casing simulation cylinder 1 and the pressure simulation device 2 on the portion of the first casing 101 in the second casing 102 are compared. When simulating various indicators of the formation wellbore under pressure, temporary plugging balls are added to the liquid flowing into the first casing 101 in the casing simulation cylinder 1 to plug multiple perforation holes 5 in the first casing 101. This allows observation of the plugging effect of the temporary plugging balls on the perforation holes under different pressure values ​​and different liquid flow rates applied by the pressure simulation device 2. This simulates the plugging effect of the temporary plugging balls under the pressure environment of the wellbore in the formation, thereby optimizing construction parameters such as perforation parameters, the number of temporary plugging balls added, and pumping flow rate to guide actual field applications.

[0052] This invention simulates the underground gas flow environment by setting up a casing simulation tube connecting the inlet device and the recovery storage tank. The casing simulation tube is configured to include a first casing and a second casing, with a portion of the first casing inserted into the second casing and having multiple perforations on this portion. These perforations are phase-distributed and can be used to simulate perforations at different azimuths under multi-cluster perforation conditions with temporary plugging balls. Another portion of the first casing is located outside the second casing and connected to the recovery storage tank. The second casing is connected to the recovery storage tank via a pressure relief valve. The pressure simulation device is installed on the second casing to simulate the pressure on a portion of the first casing, thereby simulating the pressure environment of the wellbore in the formation. This is achieved by integrating the injection component and the ball-dropping component in the inlet device, as well as... The data acquisition device can simulate the plugging effect of temporary plugging balls under pressure in the formation wellbore; the phase distribution of multiple perforations allows for simulation tests of temporary plugging balls for perforations at different angles. This invention can replace the first casing of perforations with different phase distributions according to actual needs, or set up multiple first casings or first wellbore simulation devices to plug perforations at different angles, thereby optimizing construction parameters such as perforation parameters, the number of temporary plugging balls added, and pumping discharge rate to guide actual field applications. This solves the technical problem that existing technologies lack devices and methods for simulating the plugging effect of temporary plugging balls on perforations at different perforation orientations under multi-cluster perforation conditions, making it impossible to design a better solution for plugging perforations on-site to guide construction.

[0053] The pressure simulation device 2 can be a structure that can apply pressure to a portion of the first sleeve 101 in the second sleeve 102. For example, it can generate a pressure difference by extracting or injecting liquid, or influence and adjust the pressure in the first sleeve 101 in a directional manner by changing the pressure of the gas in the space.

[0054] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the pressure simulation device 2 includes a perforation guide pipe 201, a flow regulating valve 202, an outlet manifold 203, and a booster pump 204. The perforation guide pipe 201 is connected to the second casing 102. Multiple perforation guide pipes 201 are connected to the recovery storage tank 3 through the outlet manifold 203. The booster pump 204 is connected to the outlet manifold 203 and the recovery storage tank 3 to adjust the pressure of the liquid flowing through the first casing 101, thereby controlling the flow rate of the liquid in the casing simulation cylinder 1. In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the booster pump 204 is installed on the recovery storage tank 3. It should be noted that, in specific implementation, the connection position between the perforation guide pipe 201 and the second casing 102 can also be used as an equivalent to a perforation hole 5 for sealing experiments, thereby further improving the applicable simulation experimental scenarios of the wellbore simulation device and increasing the flexibility of the wellbore simulation device experiments.

[0055] A flow regulating valve 202 is matched and installed on the perforation guide pipe 201 to control the selective opening and closing of multiple perforation guide pipes 201. This allows the liquid to flow into the recovery storage tank 3 through the perforation guide pipe 201, adjusting the pressure on a portion of the first manifold 101 located in the second manifold 102 within the casing simulation cylinder 1, thereby simulating different formation pressure environments. In another optional embodiment of the invention, the flow regulating valve 202 is installed on the outflow manifold 203. More preferably, to improve the control of the overall liquid flow rate of the perforation guide pipe 201, the flow regulating valve 202 is correspondingly installed between the second casing 102 and the perforation guide pipe 201, and on the outflow manifold 203.

[0056] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the second sleeve 102 is provided with a second connector 7 connected to the perforation guide tube 201. The second connectors 7 are evenly distributed on the second sleeve 102 along the axial direction of the second sleeve 102. In the specific test process, the pressure of the first sleeve 101 in different positions in the moving sleeve simulation cylinder 1 can be adjusted by selecting different second connectors 7 to connect with the perforation guide tube 201, thereby adapting to the simulation of more pressure conditions and improving the flexibility of the test device simulation.

[0057] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, multiple sets of pressure simulation devices 3 are provided on the casing simulation cylinder 1 of the wellbore simulation device 0. Preferably, two sets of pressure simulation devices 3 are provided on the casing simulation cylinder 1 of the wellbore simulation device 0. The two sets of pressure simulation devices 3 are respectively arranged on the side walls of the two sides of the second casing 102 with the greatest radial distance along the axial direction of the second casing 102. That is, the two sets of pressure simulation devices 3 are arranged opposite each other on the second casing 102 in the radial direction to simulate the pressure difference between the upper and lower and left and right sides, thereby improving the accuracy of the test simulation.

[0058] To simulate perforation plugging for different numbers and distribution densities of perforations, in an optional embodiment of the present invention, a portion of the first casing 101 is detachably inserted into the second casing 102. During the simulation test, the first casing 101 can be replaced according to different perforation plugging requirements. It should be noted that the first casing 101 can be divided into multiple models based on the number of its perforations 5, depending on different test requirements. Specifically, the first casing 101 includes at least one scenario: Scenario 1, the perforations 5 on the first casing 101 are distributed at equal angles along the circumference of the first casing 101; Scenario 2, the perforations 5 on the first casing 101 are distributed at equal intervals along the axial direction of the first casing 101. The above scenario settings correspond to the drilling rules of the wellbore in actual production, enabling better simulation of the perforation plugging test.

[0059] This invention provides a device for simulating interlayer temporary plugging in fracturing;

[0060] like Figure 1 As shown, the inter-fracturing temporary plugging simulation device includes an inlet device 8, a data acquisition device 11, and any of the aforementioned wellbore simulation devices 0. The inlet device 8 is connected to the wellbore simulation device 0. The data acquisition device 11 is installed on the inlet device 8 and the wellbore simulation device 0 to collect pressure and / or flow data of the liquid in the inlet device 8, the wellbore simulation device 0, and the connecting pipeline 13 between them. The inlet device 8 includes an injection assembly 9 and a ball-dropping assembly 10. The ball-dropping assembly 10 places a temporary plugging ball into the liquid flowing into the wellbore simulation device 0 through the injection assembly 9. To ensure unidirectional and controllable liquid flow between the inlet device 8 and the wellbore simulation device 0, and between the casing simulation cylinder 1 and the recovery storage tank 3 in the wellbore simulation device 0, a one-way valve 14 is installed between the inlet device 8 and the wellbore simulation device 0, and between the casing simulation cylinder 1 and the recovery storage tank 3 in the wellbore simulation device 0.

[0061] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the injection assembly 9 includes a mixing container 901 and a horizontal pump 901, and the mixing container 901 is provided with a liquid inlet 12 for liquid placement; the ball-feeding assembly 10 includes a ball-feeding riser 1001 and a temporary plugging ball 1002, the mixing container 901 is connected to the horizontal pump 902, and inputs liquid to the wellbore simulation device 0 through a pipeline 13, the ball-feeding riser 1001 is set on the pipeline 13 between the horizontal pump 902 and the wellbore simulation device 0, and is used to transport the liquid in the mixing container 901 to the wellbore simulation device 0. When the pressure simulation device 2 includes a booster pump 204, the horizontal pump 902 and the booster pump 204 in the wellbore simulation device 0 work together to ensure the normal and stable flow of liquid in the inter-fracturing layer temporary plugging simulation device, so as to meet the requirements of the simulation experiment and improve the accuracy of the simulation experiment structure.

[0062] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the data acquisition device 11 includes a pressure gauge 1101 and a flow meter 1102. The pressure gauge 1101 is at least installed on the pipeline 13 between the horizontal flow pump 902 and the ball-feeding pipe 1001, on the pipeline 13 between the ball-feeding riser 1001 and the wellbore simulation device 0, and on the pipeline 13 between the booster pump 204 of the wellbore simulation device 0 and the recovery storage tank 3. To ensure the accuracy of the measurement data, in a further optional embodiment, the flow meter installed on the pipeline 13 between the horizontal flow pump 902 and the ball-feeding riser 1001 is a mass flow meter. This section of pipeline 13 does not involve the temporary plugging ball 1002 and is only liquid. Therefore, the mass flow meter can be used to accurately acquire the flow rate data. The flow meter installed on the pipeline 13 between the ball-throwing riser 1001 and the wellbore simulation device 0 is an ultrasonic flow meter. The liquid in this section of pipeline 13 contains a temporary plugging ball. The presence of the temporary plugging ball will cause errors in the measurement structure. Therefore, the flow rate of the liquid in this section cannot be measured by a mass flow meter. Therefore, the ultrasonic flow meter can more accurately measure the flow rate of the liquid in this section of pipeline 13.

[0063] To improve the practicality of the inter-layer temporary plugging simulation device, simulation experiments can be conducted simultaneously on different types of perforation numbers and densities. In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the inter-layer temporary plugging simulation device includes multiple wellbore simulation devices 0. Preferably, the multiple wellbore simulation devices 0 share a common inlet device 8. More preferably, the multiple wellbore simulation devices 0 share a common recovery storage tank 3. To ensure that the operation of the multiple wellbore simulation devices 0 does not affect each other, the multiple wellbore simulation devices 0 are arranged in parallel. In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the inter-layer temporary plugging simulation device includes wellbore simulation devices 0 with at least two different numbers or arrangements of perforation holes 5 on the first casing 101, such as... Figures 1 to 3 As shown, two different sets of simulated temporary plugging experiments between hydraulic fractures were conducted simultaneously, thereby saving preparation time and improving experimental efficiency.

[0064] This invention provides a simulation system for interlayer temporary plugging in fracturing;

[0065] This inter-layer temporary plugging simulation system for fracturing includes an import module, a data acquisition module, and a wellbore simulation module. The import module is connected to the wellbore simulation module, and the data acquisition module collects pressure and / or flow data of the fluid in the import module, the wellbore simulation module, and the connecting pipelines between them.

[0066] The import module includes an injection unit and a ball-dropping unit. The ball-dropping unit places a temporary plugging ball into the liquid flowing into the wellbore module through the injection unit.

[0067] This invention provides a method for simulating interlayer temporary plugging in fracturing;

[0068] This inter-layer temporary plugging simulation method is applicable to any of the aforementioned inter-layer temporary plugging simulation devices, and the steps of this inter-layer temporary plugging simulation method include:

[0069] Based on the experimental requirements, a wellbore simulation device suitable for the perforation hole of the first casing was selected.

[0070] Connect the inlet device and the wellbore simulation device, introduce the liquid from the inlet device into the wellbore simulation device, and simulate the pressure in the wellbore simulation device through the pressure simulation device;

[0071] The pressure and / or flow rate data of the liquid in the import device and the wellbore simulation device, as well as the connecting pipeline between them, are collected by the data acquisition device.

[0072] A temporary plugging ball is inserted into the wellbore simulation device using an inlet device;

[0073] The data acquisition device records pressure and flow data during the experiment, which can be combined with the sealing structure for subsequent experimental analysis.

[0074] When the inter-layer temporary plugging simulation device includes multiple wellbore simulation devices, the connection between the wellbore simulation device and the inlet device is opened according to experimental requirements.

[0075] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the temporary plugging ball simulation device for single-section multi-cluster fractures in horizontal wells includes an inlet module, a fluid manifold, a ball dropping device, multiple wellbore simulation devices, and a data acquisition module. The overall pressure resistance level reaches the pressure resistance level of the temporary plugging ball, and the pressure resistance range of the temporary plugging ball must meet the stress difference between the simulated reservoir clusters.

[0076] The inlet module is connected to the fluid manifold and includes a mixing container and a horizontal flow pump. The main fluid manifold is equipped with a pressure sensor, a flow sensor, and a ball-dropping device. Temporary plugging balls are added via the ball-dropping device and, together with the inlet liquid, are connected to multiple wellbore simulation devices through the fluid manifold. These wellbore simulation devices include several different models and are connected to a recovery storage tank via multiple perforated guide pipes and outflow manifolds.

[0077] Optional ball-throwing device features include: an upper stopcock, a lower rotary valve, and a bottom connection to a fluid manifold via a tee. Both valves are normally closed. To throw a temporary blocking ball, first open the upper valve, load the ball, close the upper valve, and then open the lower valve. The lower valve is closed only after the ball has completely fallen into the pipeline.

[0078] The wellbore simulation device is characterized by comprising two parts: a casing simulation cylinder and a recovery storage tank. The front end of the casing simulation cylinder is a live joint (first joint) that can be freely disassembled and assembled, and is equipped with a flow sensor, a pressure sensor, and a flow valve.

[0079] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the casing simulation tube has a diameter of 120 mm and multiple clusters of perforations on its sidewall, the diameter of which is smaller than the diameter of the temporary plugging ball. The wellbore length is 500 mm, and the simulated perforations are arranged in a spiral pattern, with a distance of 100 mm between perforations in the same orientation.

[0080] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the casing simulation device includes two models. Model 1 has its perforations spirally distributed at a 45° phase angle. With the top perforation azimuth set to 0°, there are 3 perforations at 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270° azimuths, and 2 perforations at 45°, 135°, 225°, and 315°, for a total of 20 perforations per casing. Model 2 has its perforations spirally distributed at a 60° phase angle. With the top perforation azimuth set to 0°, there are 4 perforations at 0° and 180° azimuths, and 3 perforations at 60°, 120°, 240°, and 300°, for a total of 20 perforations per casing.

[0081] The perforation orifice is connected to a perforation guide pipe, the diameter of which is the same as the diameter of the perforation orifice. Each perforation guide pipe is equipped with a flow regulating valve, a flow sensor, and a pressure sensor. The flow from the perforation guide pipes at each perforation location converges through an outflow manifold and connects to a recovery storage tank. The fluid inside the wellbore simulation device and the temporary plugging ball are connected to the recovery storage tank via a pressure relief valve.

[0082] The data acquisition module includes flow sensors and pressure sensors at the front end of the fluid manifold, flow sensors and pressure sensors at the front end of the wellbore simulation device, and flow sensors and pressure sensors installed on each perforation guide pipe.

[0083] Liquid is pumped from a mixing container by a horizontal flow pump, flows through the main fluid manifold, mixes with a temporary plugging ball via a ball-dropping device, and flows into the multiple wellbore simulation devices. The temporary plugging ball follows the fluid flow to the perforation guide pipe, sealing the perforation holes and the perforation guide pipe device. Changes in flow rate or pressure on each perforation guide pipe are used to determine the sealing effect of the temporary plugging ball on each hole of the multiple perforation cluster under different fluids, flow rates, perforation azimuth angles, and perforation numbers.

[0084] The aforementioned horizontal well fracturing interlayer temporary plugging simulation device and its working method include the following steps:

[0085] Step 1: Adjust the perforation azimuth angles of different perforation clusters according to the required azimuth angles of multiple fracturing clusters. When the perforation azimuth angle is 45° and 90°, use wellbore simulation device No. 1. Specifically, when the perforation azimuth angle is 90°, close the flow control valves on the perforation guide pipes at azimuths of 45°, 135°, 225°, and 315° on wellbore simulation device No. 1. When the perforation azimuth angle is 60°, use wellbore simulation device No. 2.

[0086] Step 2: Adjust the number of perforations for different fracturing clusters according to their perforation requirements. The wellbore simulation device, whose perforation azimuth angle was adjusted in Step 1, is readjusted according to the actual number of perforations. This is achieved by closing the flow control valves on the existing perforation guide pipes to match the actual number of perforations. The closing sequence starts from a certain azimuth angle and proceeds clockwise until the required number of perforations is reached.

[0087] It is worth noting that when the perforation azimuth required for a certain fracturing cluster in step one includes a 90° azimuth, the maximum number of perforations currently available in the No. 1 wellbore simulation device is 12 per device. In this case, the difference in the number of perforations between the two fracturing clusters needs to be proportionally converted to control the number of perforations of the perforation cluster with a 90° azimuth to within 12.

[0088] Step 3: Pour the prepared slickwater or gel according to the fracturing fluid requirements into the mixing container and wait.

[0089] Step 4: Install and fix the wellbore simulation device that was adjusted in Step 2, and then connect the horizontal well fracturing interlayer temporary plugging simulation device in sequence.

[0090] Step 5: Start the inlet module to supply liquid to the entire device at a low flow rate, and start all flow and pressure sensors in the data acquisition module.

[0091] Step Six: After the pressure sensor readings at each part of the device stabilize, open the stop valve at the top of the ball-throwing device and throw in the designed number of temporary blocking balls; tighten the stop valve and wait for the ball to be thrown.

[0092] Step 7: Adjust the pumping rate of the horizontal flow pump according to the required discharge rate for the experiment.

[0093] Step 8: Record the readings of all flow sensors and pressure sensors in the data acquisition module.

[0094] Step 9: After the data stabilizes, quickly open the stopcock valve at the bottom of the temporary blocking ball adding device.

[0095] Step 10: The temporary plugging ball enters multiple wellbore simulation devices along with the liquid to plug the blast hole. At this time, the detection data in the data acquisition module changes. After the data stabilizes, the readings of all flow sensors and pressure sensors in the data acquisition module are recorded within the number of balls thrown in Step 5 and the displacement in Step 6.

[0096] Step 11: After completing the test, turn off the inlet device, open the drain valve to drain the liquid, and circulate clean water for rinsing.

[0097] Cyclic testing method: Evaluate the blocking effect of temporary blocking balls with different displacements for a certain number of throws, and repeat steps six to eleven. Adjust the throwing ratio in step six to 1.1 times and 1.2 times, and conduct parallel tests on the blocking effect of temporary blocking balls with different displacements for the same number of throws, and repeat steps six to eleven.

[0098] In other embodiments of the present invention, it is assumed that a certain section of a horizontal well is subjected to fracturing with two clusters. According to the design optimization, the perforation azimuth angle of cluster A is 60° and the number of perforations is 15, the perforation azimuth angle of cluster B is 90° and the number of perforations is 10, and the number of holes to be sealed is 15.

[0099] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the inter-layer temporary plugging simulation device for single-stage multi-cluster fracturing in horizontal wells involved in this invention is used to evaluate the plugging effect under different pumping rates and different numbers of temporary plugging balls.

[0100] Step 1: Simulate fracturing cluster A using wellbore simulation device No. 2, with a perforation azimuth angle of 60°. Starting from a certain azimuth angle, sequentially close the flow control valves on the five perforation guide pipes clockwise, resulting in a total of 15 perforations.

[0101] Step 2: Using the No. 1 wellbore simulation device to simulate fracturing cluster B, close the flow control valves on the perforation guide pipes at 45°, 135°, 225°, and 315° azimuths to ensure the perforation azimuth angle meets 90°. Then, starting from a certain azimuth angle, sequentially close the flow control valves on two perforation guide pipes clockwise, resulting in 10 perforations.

[0102] Step 3: Pour the prepared slickwater or gel according to the fracturing fluid requirements into the mixing container and wait.

[0103] Step 4: Install and fix the wellbore simulation device that has been adjusted in Step 1 and Step 2, and then connect the inter-fracturing layer temporary plugging simulation device in sequence.

[0104] Step 5: Start the inlet module to supply liquid to the entire device at a low flow rate, and start all flow and pressure sensors in the data acquisition module.

[0105] Step 6: Open the stop valve at the top of the throwing device, insert the same number of balls as the blocking holes, i.e., 15 temporary blocking balls; tighten the stop valve and wait for the ball to be thrown.

[0106] Step 7: Adjust the pumping rate of the horizontal flow pump according to the required discharge rate for the experiment.

[0107] Step 8: Record the readings of all flow sensors and pressure sensors in the data acquisition module.

[0108] Step 9: After the data stabilizes, quickly open the stopcock valve at the bottom of the temporary blocking ball adding device.

[0109] Step 10: The temporary plugging ball enters multiple wellbore simulation devices along with the liquid to plug the blast hole. At this time, the detection data in the data acquisition module changes. After the data stabilizes, the readings of all flow sensors and pressure sensors in the data acquisition module are recorded within the number of balls thrown in Step 6 and the displacement in Step 7.

[0110] Step 11: After completing the test, close the inlet device and back pressure device, open the drain valve to drain the liquid, and circulate clean water for cleaning.

[0111] Cyclic testing method: Evaluate the blocking effect of temporary blocking balls with different displacements for a certain number of throws, and repeat steps six to eleven. Adjust the throwing ratio in step six to 1.1 times and 1.2 times, and conduct parallel tests on the blocking effect of temporary blocking balls with different displacements for the same number of throws, and repeat steps six to eleven.

[0112] The wellbore simulation device, fracturing interlayer temporary plugging simulation device, system, and method provided by this invention are primarily designed for shale gas reservoirs, deep tight gas reservoirs, and intermediate-basic volcanic gas reservoirs. Horizontal well reservoir stimulation strategies mainly focus on complex volumetric fractures. However, due to significant differences in geostress in most gas reservoirs, forming complex fracture networks is not feasible. Typically, dense cutting techniques are used to achieve complex fracture networks. To save reservoir stimulation costs, single-stage multi-cluster fracturing is usually employed. To ensure that each cluster within a single-stage multi-cluster fracturing process is fully stimulated, interlayer temporary plugging can be achieved by adding temporary plugging balls. For horizontal well fracturing using special supporting processes such as cross-layer fracturing, directional perforation, and flow-limited fracturing, the optimal pump injection rate and number of temporary plugging balls are simulated under different perforation orientations and numbers of perforations. This effectively guides field applications, ensures the success rate of interlayer temporary plugging in single-stage multi-cluster fracturing, and improves the overall stimulation effect of horizontal wells.

[0113] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A wellbore simulation device, characterized by, The wellbore simulation device for inter-fracture temporary plugging simulation test comprises a casing simulation cylinder (1), a pressure simulation device (2) and a recovery liquid tank (3), one end of the casing simulation cylinder (1) is provided with a first joint (4) for connecting with a leading-in device, the other end of the casing simulation cylinder (1) is connected with the recovery liquid tank (3); The casing simulation cylinder (1) comprises a first casing (101) and a second casing (102), a part of a pipe section of the first casing (101) is inserted into the second casing (102) and a plurality of perforation holes (5) are arranged on the part of the pipe section, the plurality of perforation holes (5) are distributed in phases, another part of the pipe section of the first casing (101) is located outside the second casing (102) and is connected with the recovery liquid tank (3), the second casing (102) is connected with the recovery liquid tank (3) through a pressure relief valve (6), and the pressure simulation device (2) is arranged on the second casing (102) to simulate the pressure of the part of the pipe section of the first casing (101); The pressure simulation device (2) is used for simulating the pressure environment of the wellbore in the formation, comprising a perforated flow conduit (201), a flow regulating valve (202), a flow outlet manifold (203) and a booster pump (204), the perforated flow conduit (201) is in communication with the second casing (102), a plurality of the perforated flow conduits (201) are connected with the recovery liquid tank (3) through the flow outlet manifold (203); the booster pump (204) is in communication with the flow outlet manifold (203) and the recovery liquid tank (3); the flow regulating valve (202) is arranged on the perforated flow conduit (201) in a matched mode; and / or, the flow regulating valve (202) is arranged on the flow outlet manifold (203); Two groups of pressure simulation devices (2) are arranged on the casing simulation cylinder (1) of the wellbore simulation device (0), and the two groups of pressure simulation devices (2) are arranged on the side walls of the second casing (102) on the two sides farthest away from the radial direction of the second casing (102) in the axial direction of the second casing (102).

2. The wellbore simulation device of claim 1, wherein, The second casing (102) is provided with a second joint (7) connected with the perforated flow conduit (201), and the second joint (7) is uniformly distributed on the second casing (102) in the axial direction of the second casing (102).

3. The wellbore simulation apparatus of claim 1, wherein, A part of the pipe section of the first casing (101) is detachably inserted into the second casing (102).

4. The wellbore simulation apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The first casing (101) comprises at least one of the following scenarios: Scenario one, the perforation holes (5) on the first casing (101) are distributed at equal angles in the circumferential direction of the first casing (101); Scenario two, the perforation holes (5) on the first casing (101) are distributed at equal distances in the axial direction of the first casing (101).

5. A simulated interzone temporary plugging fracturing device, characterized in that, The wellbore simulation device (0) of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the wellbore simulation device (0) comprises a data acquisition device (11) and an injection device (8) connected to the wellbore simulation device (0), the data acquisition device (11) being arranged on the injection device (8) and the wellbore simulation device (0) to acquire pressure and / or flow data of the injection device (8) and the wellbore simulation device (0) and liquid in a connecting pipeline therebetween. The injection device (8) comprises a liquid injection assembly (9) and a ball injection assembly (10), the ball injection assembly (10) being arranged to place a temporary blocking ball into liquid flowing from the liquid injection assembly (9) to the wellbore simulation device (0).

6. The interzone fracturing temporary plugging simulation device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The liquid injection assembly (9) comprises a liquid mixing container (901) and an isokinetic pump (902), and the ball injection assembly (10) comprises a ball injection standpipe (1001) and a temporary blocking ball (1002), the liquid mixing container (901) being connected to the isokinetic pump (902) and arranged to input liquid to the wellbore simulation device (0) through a pipeline, and the ball injection standpipe (1001) being arranged on the pipeline between the isokinetic pump (902) and the wellbore simulation device (0) to place the temporary blocking ball (1002) into the liquid.

7. The interzone fracturing temporary plugging simulation device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The data acquisition device (11) comprises a pressure gauge (1101) and a flow meter (1102), wherein The pressure gauge (1101) is arranged on at least one of the pipeline between the isokinetic pump (902) and the ball injection standpipe (1001), the pipeline between the ball injection standpipe (1001) and the wellbore simulation device (0), and the pipeline between the booster pump (204) of the wellbore simulation device (0) and the recovery liquid storage tank (3). The flow meter (1102) is arranged on at least one of the pipeline between the isokinetic pump (902) and the ball injection standpipe (1001), and the pipeline between the ball injection standpipe (1001) and the wellbore simulation device (0).

8. The interzone fracturing temporary plugging simulation device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The flow meter (1102) comprises at least one of the following: In mode one, the flow meter arranged on the pipeline between the isokinetic pump (902) and the ball injection standpipe (1001) is a mass flow meter. In mode two, the flow meter arranged on the pipeline between the ball injection standpipe (1001) and the wellbore simulation device (0) is an ultrasonic flow meter.

9. The interzone fracturing temporary plugging simulation device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The inter-fracture temporary blocking simulation device comprises a plurality of wellbore simulation devices (0).

10. A fracturing interzonal temporary plugging simulation system suitable for use in the fracturing interzonal temporary plugging simulation device according to any one of claims 5 to 9, characterized in that, The inter-fracture temporary blocking simulation system comprises an injection module, a data acquisition module, and a wellbore simulation module, the injection module being connected to the wellbore simulation module, and the data acquisition module being arranged to acquire pressure and / or flow data of the injection module and the wellbore simulation module and liquid in a connecting pipeline therebetween; wherein The injection module comprises a liquid injection unit and a ball injection unit, the ball injection unit being arranged to place a temporary blocking ball into liquid flowing from the liquid injection unit to the wellbore module.

11. A method of modeling interzone temporary plugging of a fracturing zone, characterized by, The inter-fracture temporary blocking simulation method of any one of claims 5 to 9, wherein the method comprises the following steps: Selecting a wellbore simulation device suitable for the perforation hole of the first casing according to experimental requirements; connecting the introducing device and the wellbore simulation device, introducing liquid from the introducing device into the wellbore simulation device, and simulating the pressure in the wellbore simulation device by the pressure simulation device; collecting, by the data collection device, pressure and / or flow data of the liquid in the introducing device, the wellbore simulation device, and the connecting pipeline therebetween; placing a temporary plugging ball into the wellbore simulation device by the introducing device; the data collection device records the pressure and flow data in the experiment for subsequent experimental analysis in combination with the plugging structure.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein, when the inter-fractured temporary plugging simulation device comprises a plurality of wellbore simulation devices, the connection between the wellbore simulation device and the introducing device is opened according to the experimental requirements.

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