A multi-level approach collaborative ore mining method

Abstract

This invention discloses a multi-layered approach coordinated ore mining method, including ore body panel division, horizontal layer division for mining, simultaneous mining layer sequencing, stope construction, and roof backfilling steps. This invention divides the mining area into multiple panels, and employs a multi-step, layered mining approach in the panel stopes, mining two or more layers simultaneously. This effectively controls the mining area, reduces the number of preparatory works and approach closures, and solves the problems of low ore body production capacity and difficult trolley construction while ensuring safe production. It meets the needs of actual mining, is easy to implement, highly controllable, and further improves stope production capacity and mining efficiency while ensuring mining safety, thus possessing high practical application value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of ore mining technology, and in particular relates to a multi-layered approach collaborative ore mining method. Background Technology

[0002] Among various mining methods, backfill mining, by filling the goaf with backfill material, can maximize the recovery of mineral resources and protect the underground and surface environment, and is widely used in the mining of various minerals. The conventional down-entry backfill mining method is to mine in layers from top to bottom. After the mining of the previous layer is completed, a false roof for the next layer is constructed by backfilling. Under the protection of the false roof, the next layer of ore body is mined by the roadway excavation process. The preparatory works such as segmental transport roadways, ore passes, and interlayer connecting roads are usually arranged outside the footwall vein. The height of each layer is about 3 to 5 meters, and the width of the access road is about 3 to 5 meters. After the mining of each access road is completed, backfill retaining walls and backfill pipes are arranged at the end of the access road for cemented backfilling operations. However, conventional access backfilling technology has the following disadvantages: it involves mining layer by layer downwards, resulting in low ore extraction capacity and low production capacity and efficiency. When backfilling pipes are arranged from the end of the access road, not only are there many closures and high costs, but the backfill body cannot be connected to the roof, resulting in poor access road production capacity and operational safety, which has a significant impact on the rapid development of the mine.

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to design an improved backfilling mining method to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides a multi-layered approach collaborative ore mining method.

[0005] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0006] S1. Ore body panel division: The ore body to be mined is divided into multiple ore body panels. Footwall roadways are constructed along the vein in the footwall of each ore body panel, and footwall roadways are constructed along the vein in the hanging wall of each ore body panel. Each ore body panel is vertically divided into several horizontal layers to be mined, and numbered sequentially with Arabic numerals as 1, 2, 3...n. Each horizontal layer to be mined is constructed with access roads according to the roadway specifications.

[0007] S2. Horizontal layer division for mining: The horizontal layers to be mined in the ore body panel in step S1 are divided into groups at intervals along the vertical direction. Each pair of adjacent odd-numbered or even-numbered layers is a group. The layers are sorted and grouped in order. The horizontal layers to be mined in each odd-numbered layer are constructed to build a layered connecting roadway to connect the footwall along the vein. The horizontal layers to be mined in each even-numbered layer are constructed to build a layered connecting roadway to connect the footwall along the vein.

[0008] S3. Synchronous mining layer sorting: Arrange the horizontal layers to be mined in step S2 with the odd and even layers with sequential numbers as synchronous mining layers. In each synchronous mining layer, set up several layered routes. The height of the layered routes is consistent with the height of the horizontal layers to be mined. Arrange the layered routes in adjacent synchronous mining layers in the order of route ①, route ②, ..., route n. Only one route number is set in the same synchronous mining layer.

[0009] S4. Mining construction: During mining operations, the odd-numbered layers of the synchronous mining layer are mined by constructing layered connecting roadways along the footwall. The even-numbered layers of the synchronous mining layer are mined by constructing layered connecting roadways along the footwall. During mining operations, mining is carried out in an alternating manner according to the route number of the layered approach in the odd or even layers. This process is repeated for each synchronous mining layer.

[0010] S5. Top filling: After the layered approach mining in step S4 is completed, filler pipes are arranged in the odd-numbered layered approaches, and filler slurry is transported to the top of the even-numbered layered approaches below through drilling holes to arrange filler pipes for top filling. This process is repeated to complete the top filling of each approach.

[0011] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. This invention divides the mining area into multiple panels, and uses a multi-step mining method of mining one panel at a time in the panel mining area, mining two or more layers simultaneously, thereby effectively controlling the mining area, reducing the number of times the mining preparation project and the approach method are closed, and solving the problems of low ore body production capacity and difficult trolley construction while ensuring safe production. It can meet the actual mining needs. This method is easy to implement, highly controllable, and has high practical application value.

[0012] 2. The layered approach multi-step mining method provided by the present invention adopts a continuous mining scheme without pillars in the panel area, which can divide a large ore body into smaller units for mining; and by dividing it into multiple mining steps in space, the mining area is further controlled, thereby effectively reducing the amount of preparation work while ensuring its production capacity, and achieving the effect of reducing mining costs and improving mining efficiency.

[0013] 3. The layered approach multi-step mining method provided by this invention, which involves filling from top to bottom and then retreating to mine the upper support ore, not only solves the problem that the top-connecting filling body cannot connect with the roof in the traditional method, which easily leads to the formation of cavities and interlayers, but also effectively reduces the mining loss of the upper support ore. It solves the problem that the upper support of the stope will inevitably lose some ore when using conventional approach methods for mining in the prior art, and further improves the production capacity of the stope while ensuring mining safety. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a front view structural diagram of the present invention;

[0015] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the layered approach arrangement and mining structure in this invention;

[0016] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the mining and backfilling structure of the synchronous mining layer in this invention;

[0017] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the backfill structure of the synchronous mining layer in this invention;

[0018] The numbers in the diagram are: 1~ Lower footwall roadway along the vein, 2~ Upper footwall roadway along the vein, 3~ Layered connecting roadway, 4~ Layered access road, 5~ Filling pipe; 6~ Roof filling body, 7~ Horizontal layer to be mined, 8~ Synchronous mining layer. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the specific embodiments are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0020] like Figures 1-4 The multi-level approach collaborative ore mining method shown is characterized by including the following steps:

[0021] S1. Ore body panel division: The ore body to be mined is divided into multiple ore body panels, each 40-60m in length. A footwall vein roadway 1 is constructed in the footwall of each ore body panel, and an upper wall vein roadway 2 is constructed in the upper wall of each ore body panel. Each ore body panel is vertically divided into several horizontal layers to be mined 7, numbered sequentially with Arabic numerals as 1, 2, 3...n. The length of each horizontal layer to be mined 7 is consistent with the length of the panel. Each horizontal layer to be mined 7 is constructed with an access road according to the roadway specifications.

[0022] S2. Horizontal layer division for mining: The horizontal layers 7 to be mined in the ore body panel in step S1 are divided into groups at intervals along the vertical direction. Each pair of adjacent odd-numbered or even-numbered layers is a group. The layers are sorted and grouped in order. The horizontal layers 7 to be mined in each odd-numbered layer are constructed to build a layer connecting roadway 3 to connect the footwall vein roadway 1. The horizontal layers 7 to be mined in each even-numbered layer are constructed to build a layer connecting roadway 3 to connect the footwall vein roadway 1.

[0023] S3. Synchronous mining layer sorting: Arrange the horizontal layers to be mined 7 from step S2, along with the odd and even layers numbered sequentially, into synchronous mining layers 8. In each synchronous mining layer 8, several layered access routes 4 are laid out. The height of the layered access routes 4 is consistent with the height of the horizontal layers to be mined 7. The layered access routes 4 in adjacent synchronous mining layers 8 are sequentially numbered according to access route ①, access route ②, ..., access route n. Only one access route number is set in the same synchronous mining layer 8. The access route numbers of the odd and even layers of the same synchronous mining layer 8 are staggered, i.e., one access route number is set every other one. The same access route number (access route ①, access route ②, ..., access route n) is set in the odd and even layers of the synchronous mining layer 8.

[0024] S4. Mining site construction.

[0025] S41. During mining operations, a layered connecting roadway 3 is constructed along the footwall vein roadway 1 to enter the odd-numbered layers of the synchronous mining layer 8 for mining operations. A layered connecting roadway 3 is constructed along the footwall vein roadway 2 to enter the even-numbered layers of the synchronous mining layer 8 for mining operations. During mining operations, mining operations are carried out in an alternating manner in the odd-numbered or even-numbered layers according to the route number of the layered approach 4. The mining height of the approach 1, approach 2, ... approach n is 3-5m and the width is 3-5m. The mining operations of each synchronous mining layer 8 are carried out in this order.

[0026] S42. The mining method of the synchronous mining layer 8 is to mine in a bottom-up or top-down alternating T-shaped manner, that is, to mine the synchronous mining layer 8 in an alternating manner. The mining height of the access routes 4, access routes ①, ②, ..., access route n, is 3-5m and the width is 3-5m. When the first batch of synchronous mining layers 8 is mined out and the filling of the filling slurry is completed, and the top filling body of the synchronous mining layer 8 reaches a stable state, the second batch of synchronous mining layers 8 is mined out synchronously in the above order, and so on to complete the mining and filling of each synchronous mining layer 8.

[0027] S44. During mining operations, fresh air flows into each of the following access routes 4 in the mining area: access route 1, access route 2, ..., access route n, respectively, along the footwall vein roadway 1, the footwall vein roadway 2, and the layered connecting roadway 3. Since access routes 1, 2, ..., access route n are mined using a single-heading tunneling face, local fans or high-pressure air are used for auxiliary ventilation in the footwall vein roadway 1, the footwall vein roadway 2, the layered connecting roadway 3, and / or access routes 1, 2, ..., access route n.

[0028] S5. Top filling: After the mining of the layered approach 4 in step S4 is completed, filler pipes are arranged in the layered approach 4 of the odd-numbered layers, and filler slurry is transported to the top of the layered approach 4 of the even-numbered layers below through drilling holes to arrange filler pipes 5 for top filling. The top filling of each approach is completed in this way.

[0029] S51. During the top-filling process, a multi-point material feeding and multi-stage filling process is adopted. That is, at least two filling pipes are arranged in the layered access road 4 of the odd-numbered layers of the same synchronous mining layer 8, and several boreholes connecting the even-numbered layers are drilled downwards from the odd-numbered layers. The filling slurry discharged from the filling pipes enters the even-numbered layers through the boreholes first, gradually accumulating and filling them, and then filling the odd-numbered layers. In other words, the even-numbered layers of the synchronous mining layer 8 are filled first, and then the odd-numbered layers are filled in stages. This ensures that the filling slurry is fully accumulated in the even-numbered and odd-numbered layers, solving the problem of loose connections and cavities caused by incomplete top sealing, and improving the filling quality and support strength. Under the condition of meeting the requirements for filling slurry transportation, the concentration of filling slurry should be increased. Specifically, the concentration of filling slurry should be increased by 3-10% on the basis of the original filling slurry concentration, thereby reducing slurry bleeding and reducing the shrinkage rate of the top-filling body.

[0030] S52. The strength of the roof backfill formed by the solidification of the backfill slurry shall be greater than 1.0 MPa. Specifically, when the mining is carried out in a downward sequence of alternating buttresses from top to bottom, the strength of the roof backfill formed by the solidification of the backfill slurry on the 28th day shall be greater than 1.0 MPa; when the mining is carried out in an upward sequence of alternating buttresses from top to bottom, the strength of the roof backfill formed by the solidification of the backfill slurry on the 28th day shall be greater than 2.0 MPa.

Claims

1. A multi-layered approach collaborative ore mining method, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Ore body panel division: The ore body to be mined is divided into multiple ore body panels. In the lower wall of each ore body panel, a wall-along roadway 1 is constructed, and in the upper wall of each ore body panel, an upper wall-along roadway 2 is constructed. Each ore body panel is vertically divided into several horizontal layers to be mined 7, and numbered sequentially with Arabic numerals as 1, 2, 3...n. Each horizontal layer to be mined 7 is constructed with an access road according to the roadway specifications. S2. Horizontal layer division for mining: The horizontal layers 7 to be mined in the ore body panel in step S1 are divided into groups at intervals along the vertical direction. Each pair of adjacent odd-numbered or even-numbered layers is a group. The layers are sorted and grouped in order. The horizontal layers 7 to be mined in each odd-numbered layer are constructed to build a layer connecting roadway 3 to connect the footwall vein roadway 1. The horizontal layers 7 to be mined in each even-numbered layer are constructed to build a layer connecting roadway 3 to connect the footwall vein roadway 1. S3. Synchronous mining layer sorting: Arrange the horizontal mining layers 7 in step S2 with the odd and even numbered layers in sequence to form synchronous mining layers 8. In each synchronous mining layer 8, several layered access routes 4 are set up. The height of the layered access routes 4 is the same as the height of the horizontal mining layers 7. The layered access routes 4 in adjacent synchronous mining layers 8 are arranged in sequence according to the access route ①, access route ②, ... access route n. Only one access route number is set in the same synchronous mining layer 8. S4. Mining construction: During mining construction, a layered connecting roadway 3 is constructed along the footwall vein roadway 1 to enter the odd-numbered layers of the synchronous mining layer 8 for mining construction. A layered connecting roadway 3 is constructed along the footwall vein roadway 2 to enter the even-numbered layers of the synchronous mining layer 8 for mining construction. During mining construction, according to the route number of the layered approach 4 in the odd or even layers, mining construction is carried out in the odd or even layers in an alternating manner, and the mining construction of each synchronous mining layer 8 is carried out in this order. S5. Top filling: After the mining of the layered approach 4 in step S4 is completed, filler pipes are arranged in the layered approach 4 of the odd-numbered layers, and filler slurry is transported to the top of the layered approach 4 of the even-numbered layers below through drilling holes to arrange filler pipes 5 for top filling. The top filling of each approach is completed in this way. In step S4, the mining method of the synchronous mining layer 8 is to mine in a bottom-up or top-down alternating T-shaped manner, that is, to mine the synchronous mining layer 8 in an alternating manner. When the first batch of synchronous mining layers 8 is mined and backfilled, the second batch of synchronous mining layers 8 is mined synchronously in the above order, and so on to complete the mining and backfilling of each synchronous mining layer 8. In step S4, the mining height of the access routes ①, ②, ..., n of the layered access routes 4 is 3-5m and the width is 3-5m. In step S4, during mining operations, fresh air flows into each of the following access routes 4 in the mining area: access route ①, access route ②, ..., access route n, respectively, through the footwall vein roadway 1, the footwall vein roadway 2, and the layered connecting roadway 3. Since access routes ①, ②, ..., access route n are mined using a single-heading tunneling face, local fans or high-pressure air are used for auxiliary ventilation in the footwall vein roadway 1, the footwall vein roadway 2, the layered connecting roadway 3, and / or access routes ①, ②, ..., access route n.

2. The multi-level approach coordinated ore mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the route numbers of the odd-numbered and even-numbered layers of the same synchronous mining layer 8 are staggered, that is, the route numbers are set "alternately". The same route numbers, route ①, route ②, ... route n, are set in the odd-numbered and even-numbered layers of the synchronous mining layer 8.

3. The multi-level approach coordinated ore mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, when dividing the ore body panel, the ore body panel is 40-60m in length, and the length of the horizontal layer to be mined 7 is consistent with the length of the panel.

4. The multi-level approach coordinated ore mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, the strength of the roof backfill formed by the solidification of the backfill slurry is greater than 1.0 MPa. Specifically, when mining downwards in a top-down alternating buttress mining sequence, the strength of the roof backfill formed by the solidification of the backfill slurry on the 28th day is required to be greater than 1.0 MPa; when mining upwards in a top-down alternating buttress mining sequence, the strength of the roof backfill formed by the solidification of the backfill slurry on the 28th day is required to be greater than 2.0 MPa.

Images