Low prestressed self-resetting support with built-in meshing ratchet mechanism and its design method

Abstract

The present invention proposes a low prestressed self-resetting support and design method with a built-in meshing ratchet mechanism. The design method includes the design of the self-resetting system and the design of the one-way friction energy dissipation system. The support includes the self-resetting system and the one-way friction energy dissipation system. The self-resetting system includes an anchor plate, a limit device and a prestressed reset element; the one-way friction energy dissipation system consists of an outer cylinder, an inner cylinder, a gear transmission rod, a ratchet, a transmission shaft, and a friction device. The present invention only needs to apply a small amount of prestress to achieve complete reset of the support after an earthquake; it relies on the internal meshing ratchet mechanism to achieve a one-way friction energy dissipation mechanism; it relies on the prestressed tendons and disc springs in series to enhance the deformation capacity of the prestressed tendons, and the design is flexible; while realizing the low prestress characteristics of the self-resetting support, the present invention can be industrialized in a simple way and applied to the seismic design of new buildings and the seismic reinforcement of existing buildings, producing good energy dissipation and shock absorption effects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention is applied to the seismic design of new buildings and the seismic reinforcement of existing buildings, and specifically provides a low-prestressed self-resetting support and method with a built-in meshing ratchet mechanism. Background Art

[0002] Over the past decade, the concept of self-righting supports has garnered widespread attention. Their greatest advantage lies in the fact that they require only the replacement of existing supports without altering the primary load-bearing components of the structure, resulting in a deformation pattern that is coordinated with the structure and easy installation and maintenance. Furthermore, while achieving structural self-reset, self-righting energy-dissipating supports simultaneously concentrate energy dissipation and damage at the supports, minimizing structural damage caused by plastic deformation and energy dissipation. Self-righting energy-dissipating supports offer a new direction for the research of self-righting structural systems, offering broad development prospects and room for innovation. Existing self-righting support technology faces two major technical challenges that limit its engineering application: increasing axial elongation capacity and reducing initial prestressing stress. The former results in a low elastic deformation limit for the prestressed tendons, making it difficult to meet the large deformation requirements of the support; the latter leads to a series of problems, including reduced axial elongation capacity, the inability to use traditional prestressing materials, increased prestressing material consumption, and significantly increased tensioning and anchoring difficulties. Existing low-prestress self-righting supports also suffer from the cumulative deformation of metal energy-dissipating components. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The low prestressed self-resetting support with a built-in meshing ratchet mechanism proposed in the present invention can solve the above two difficulties in the background technology. It can increase the axial deformation capacity of the prestressed system and achieve complete self-resetting of the support while requiring only a small amount of prestress. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a low prestressed self-resetting support with a built-in meshing ratchet mechanism. While achieving the low prestressed characteristics of the self-resetting support, it can be industrially produced in a simple manner and applied to the seismic design of new buildings and the seismic reinforcement of existing buildings, producing good energy dissipation and shock absorption effects.

[0004] The technical solutions of the present invention are as follows:

[0005] The design method of the low prestressed self-resetting support of the built-in meshing ratchet mechanism proposed in the present invention includes the design of the self-resetting system and the design of the one-way friction energy dissipation system, wherein:

[0006] The self-resetting system provides self-resetting capability, and its design makes it possible for the post-tensioned prestressed tendons 3 to extend when loaded and to shorten when unloaded, regardless of whether the support is extended or compressed.

[0007] The one-way friction energy dissipation system provides one-way friction energy dissipation capability, and its design allows the ratchet 9 to rotate clockwise during loading, regardless of whether the support is extended or compressed, and the inner teeth of the ratchet 9 clamp the pawl 9-3, driving the inner wheel 9-4 to rotate, and the inner wheel 9-4 drives the transmission shaft 10 to rotate, thereby rotating the friction plate 11 fixed on the transmission shaft 10, and rubbing against the friction plate 12 under a certain preload force, thereby generating a damping force and dissipating seismic energy; during unloading, the ratchet 9 rotates counterclockwise, and the inner teeth of the ratchet 9 cannot clamp the pawl 9-3, and the ratchet 9 cannot drive the inner wheel 9-4 to rotate, and the inner wheel 9-4 cannot drive the transmission shaft 10 to rotate, and the transmission shaft 10 cannot drive the friction plate 11 to rotate, and the friction plate 11 cannot rub against the friction plate 12, and no damping force is generated at this time.

[0008] The low prestressed self-resetting support with an internal meshing ratchet mechanism proposed in the present invention includes a self-resetting system and a one-way friction energy dissipation system. The one-way friction energy dissipation system relies on the internal meshing ratchet mechanism to achieve the one-way friction energy dissipation mechanism; the self-resetting system relies on the prestressed tendons and disc springs connected in series to enhance the deformation capacity of the prestressed tendons.

[0009] The self-resetting system includes a limit device 6, an anchor plate 7 and a prestressed reset element;

[0010] The limiting device 6 passes through the right ends of the outer tube 1 and the inner tube 2. The right end of the limiting device 6 is externally welded with a connector, which serves as the right end connection end of the supporting structure and is connected to the external structure.

[0011] The anchor plate 7 is provided outside the outer tube 1; a through hole is provided in the anchor plate 7 for the limiting device to pass through;

[0012] The left end of the prestressed reset element is anchored to the left side of the inner tube 2 , and the right end is anchored to the anchor plate 7 .

[0013] Furthermore, the prestressed reset element includes a disc spring 4, a post-tensioned prestressed tendon 3, and an anchor head 5; the disc spring 4 is arranged inside the left side of the inner tube 2; the left end of the post-tensioned prestressed tendon 3 is fixed to the disc spring 4, and the right end is anchored to the anchor plate 7 through the anchor head 5; in this way, the disc spring 4 is arranged on the left side of the post-tensioned prestressed tendon 3, and forms a deformation series mechanism with the post-tensioned prestressed tendon 3, the purpose of which is to improve the support axial limit deformation capacity.

[0014] The one-way friction energy dissipation system includes an outer cylinder 1, an inner cylinder 2, a gear transmission rod 8, a ratchet 9, a transmission shaft 10, and a friction device;

[0015] The outer tube 1 and the inner tube 2 are cylindrical or rectangular tubes with an opening on the right side. The inner tube 2 is arranged inside the outer tube 1. The left end of the outer tube 1 is welded with a connector as the left end connecting section of the supporting structure and connected to the external structure.

[0016] The ratchet 9 includes a ratchet outer gear 9-1, a ratchet inner gear 9-2, a pawl 9-3 and an inner wheel 9-4. The ratchet outer gear 9-1 is sleeved on the ratchet inner gear 9-2, and the pawl 9-3 is mounted on the inner wheel 9-4.

[0017] The transmission rod 8 is provided with a gear 8-1; one end of the transmission rod 8 extends into the opening of the inner tube 2, and the transmission rod 8 is driven by the engagement of the gear 8-1 and the ratchet outer gear 9-1 of the ratchet 9, and the other end is fixed to the left side of the anchor plate 7;

[0018] The transmission shaft 10 is perpendicular to the direction of the ratchet plane and is arranged at the axis center of the inner wheel 9-4. Friction devices are provided at both ends of the transmission shaft 10 and supported on the inner cylinder wall. The friction devices are located on both sides of the ratchet 9.

[0019] Furthermore, the transmission rod 8 is made of steel, and there is no special requirement for the cross-sectional shape, which can be circular or rectangular, and the gear 8-1 is set on the entire bottom surface.

[0020] Furthermore, the inner wheel 9-4 is installed on the transmission shaft 10, and has a ring-shaped cross-section. A notch is provided at the inner ring of the inner wheel 9-4; the transmission shaft 10 is provided with a protruding block, and the protruding block matches the notch of the inner ring, and the two fit together perfectly. The inner ring can drive the transmission shaft to rotate, and there is no special requirement for the shape of the notch.

[0021] Furthermore, the friction device includes a friction plate 11, a friction plate 12 and a fixing bolt 13; the friction plate 11 is rigidly connected to the transmission shaft 10 and rotates with the transmission shaft 10; an opening is provided at the center of the friction plate 12 for the transmission shaft 10 to pass through, and two friction plates 12 are respectively provided on both sides of the friction plate 11; the two friction plates 12 are clamped to the friction plate 11 and fixed to the inner cylinder wall by the fixing bolt 13, providing the pre-tightening force required for friction energy consumption, the size of which is adjustable.

[0022] Furthermore, the friction plate 11 is rigidly connected to the transmission shaft 10 by welding. Its form can be annular or rectangular. The friction plate 11 rotates with the transmission shaft 10 and does not contact the fixing bolt 13 .

[0023] Furthermore, the friction plate 12 is in contact with the transmission shaft 10 at the intersection thereof, and the two interact only through friction, with no other connection.

[0024] Furthermore, holes are left at corresponding positions of the friction plate 12 for fixing bolts to pass through and fix the position of the friction plate, and washers are provided under the nuts to ensure stable pre-tightening force.

[0025] The present invention is a low-prestressed self-resetting support with a built-in meshing ratchet mechanism. Only a small amount of prestress is required to achieve complete reset of the support after an earthquake. The internal meshing ratchet mechanism realizes a one-way friction energy dissipation mechanism. The prestressed tendons and disc springs are connected in series to enhance the deformation capacity of the prestressed tendons, which provides a flexible design. While achieving the low prestressed characteristics of the self-resetting support, the other parts of the present invention all use components widely used in the engineering community, with reliable performance and strong deformation capacity. It can be widely used in the seismic design of new buildings and the seismic reinforcement of existing buildings. The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0026] 1) Reduce structural damage caused by plastic deformation energy consumption. Self-resetting energy-absorbing supports are used to achieve structural self-resetting, while also concentrating energy consumption and damage on the supports.

[0027] 2) Improve the axial elongation capacity of the self-resetting support. Connect the disc spring in series with the post-tensioning prestressed tendons to meet the large deformation requirements of the support.

[0028] 3) Reduce the initial prestress level. The initial prestress level is reduced by using a one-way friction energy dissipation system.

[0029] 4) Adjustable. The prestress can be adjusted by adjusting the tension; the damping force can be adjusted by adjusting the preload of the high-strength bolts; and the stroke of the self-resetting support can be adjusted by adjusting the number of gears on the transmission rod and the gear size.

[0030] 5) Easy to design. By changing the size and number of components within the support, dampers with different parameters can be designed.

[0031] 6) Combinable. When a larger damping force is required, more dampers can be connected in parallel. The damping force after parallel connection is the sum of the damping forces of each damper. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 This is a two-dimensional conceptual structural diagram of the low prestressed self-resetting support of the built-in meshing ratchet mechanism of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 It is a front view of the physical structure of the low prestressed self-resetting support with a built-in meshing ratchet mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 A top view of the physical structure of a low prestressed self-resetting support with a built-in meshing ratchet mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 4 This is a left side view of the physical structure of the low prestressed self-resetting support with a built-in meshing ratchet mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 5This is a schematic diagram of a self-resetting system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 6 This is a structural diagram of a prestressed reset element according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 7 This is a structural diagram of a one-way friction energy dissipation system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of a friction device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] Numbers in the figure:

[0041] 1 outer tube, 2 inner tube, 3 post-tensioning prestressed tendons, 4 disc springs, 5 anchor heads, 6 limit devices, 7 anchor plates,

[0042] 8 transmission rods, 8-1 gears,

[0043] 9 ratchet, 9-1 ratchet outer gear, 9-2 ratchet inner gear, 9-3 pawl, 9-4 inner wheel, 10 transmission shaft, 11 friction plate, 12 friction disc, 13 fixing bolt. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The technical solution provided by this application will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments and accompanying drawings. The advantages and features of this application will become more apparent with reference to the following description.

[0045] It should be noted that the embodiments of the present application have better feasibility and are not intended to limit the present application in any form. The technical features or combinations of technical features described in the embodiments of the present application should not be considered in isolation, and they can be combined with each other to achieve better technical effects. The scope of the preferred embodiments of the present application may also include other implementations, and this should be understood by those skilled in the art in the technical field to which the embodiments of the present application belong.

[0046] Technologies, methods, and apparatus known to persons of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such technologies, methods, and apparatus should be considered part of the specification. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not limiting. Therefore, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values.

[0047] The drawings of this application are all in a very simplified form and are not in precise proportions. They are only used to conveniently and clearly assist in explaining the purpose of the embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit the conditions under which this application can be implemented. Any structural modification, change in proportional relationship, or adjustment of size should fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed in this application without affecting the effects and purposes that can be achieved by this application. The same reference numerals appearing in the drawings of this application represent the same features or components and can be applied to different embodiments.

[0048] Example 1

[0049] like Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 4 The new low prestressed self-resetting support of the present invention is shown:

[0050] 1. The supporting structure of the present invention includes a self-resetting system and a one-way friction energy dissipation system.

[0051] Among them, the self-resetting system consists of an anchor plate 7, a limit device 6 and a prestressed reset element, such as Figure 5 、 Figure 6 As shown. Holes are left at the corresponding positions of the anchor plate for the passage of the limit device; the right end of the limit device 6 is externally welded to the connector, serving as the right end connection end of the supporting structure, and is connected to the external structure; the left end of the prestressed reset element is anchored to the left side of the inner tube 2, and the right end is anchored to the anchor plate 7; the anchor plate 7 is arranged outside the outer tube 1; the limit device 6 passes through the right ends of the outer tube 1 and the inner tube 2. The prestressed reset element includes a post-tensioned prestressed tendon 3, an anchor head 5 and a disc spring 4. The disc spring 4 is arranged inside the left side of the inner tube 2. The left end of the post-tensioned prestressed tendon 3 is fixed to the disc spring 4, and the right end is anchored to the anchor plate 7 through the anchor head 5; in this way, the disc spring 4 is arranged on the left side of the post-tensioned prestressed tendon 3, forming a deformation series mechanism with the post-tensioned prestressed tendon 3, with the purpose of improving the support's axial limit deformation capacity.

[0052] The one-way friction energy dissipation system includes an outer cylinder 1, an inner cylinder 2, a gear transmission rod 8, a ratchet 9, a transmission shaft 10, and a friction device.

[0053] The outer tube 1 and the inner tube 2 are cylindrical or rectangular tubes with an opening on the right side. The inner tube 2 is arranged inside the outer tube 1. The left end of the outer tube 1 is welded with a connector as the left end connecting section of the supporting structure and connected to the structure.

[0054] like Figure 7 As shown, the ratchet 9 includes a ratchet outer gear 9-1, a ratchet inner gear 9-2, a pawl 9-3 and an inner wheel 9-4. The ratchet outer gear 9-1 is sleeved on the ratchet inner gear 9-2, and the pawl 9-3 is mounted on the inner wheel 9-4.

[0055] The transmission rod 8 is provided with a gear 8-1; one end of the transmission rod 8 extends into the opening of the inner tube 2, and the transmission rod 8 is driven by the engagement of the gear 8-1 and the ratchet outer gear 9-1 of the ratchet 9, and the other end is fixed to the left side of the anchor plate 7;

[0056] The transmission shaft 10 is arranged at the axis of the inner wheel 9-4. Friction devices are provided at both ends of the transmission shaft 10 and supported on the inner cylinder wall. The friction devices pass through the transmission shaft 10 and are located on both sides of the ratchet wheel.

[0057] like Figure 8 As shown, the friction device includes a friction plate 11, a friction sheet 12 and a high-strength fixing bolt 13 that provides the pre-tightening force required for friction between the friction plate and the friction sheet.

[0058] As an embodiment, for example and not limitation, the transmission rod 8 is made of steel, and there is no special requirement for the cross-sectional shape, which can be circular or rectangular.

[0059] As an embodiment, for example and not limitation, the friction plate 11 and the friction plate 12 are annular, the outer diameter of the friction plate 11 is smaller than that of the friction plate 12, the fixing bolt 13 passes through the two friction plates 12, the friction plate 11 and the fixing bolt 13 do not contact each other, and the preload force required for friction energy consumption is adjusted by adjusting the tightness of the bolt.

[0060] Second, by setting a constraint on the left end of the support and applying force to the right end, the support of the present invention has the following two unique mechanical properties:

[0061] One of the characteristics

[0062] When the support is under tension, the inner tube 2 is stuck by the outer tube 1, and the limit device 6 pushes the anchor plate 7 to drive the transmission rod 8 to move to the right. The transmission rod 8 and the ratchet 9 are relatively far away from each other, and the gear 8-1 of the transmission rod drives the transmission shaft 10 to rotate through the ratchet 9, and the transmission shaft 10 drives the friction plate 11 and the friction plate 12 to generate a damping force; when unloading, the transmission rod 8 and the ratchet 9 are relatively close, and the gear 8-1 of the transmission rod cannot drive the transmission shaft 10 to rotate through the ratchet 9, and no damping force is generated.

[0063] When the support is under pressure, the anchor plate 7 is stuck by the outer tube 1, and the limit device 6 pushes the inner tube 2 to drive the friction energy dissipation device to move to the left. The transmission rod 8 and the ratchet 9 are relatively far away from each other, and the gear of the transmission rod 8 drives the transmission shaft 10 to rotate through the ratchet 9, and the transmission shaft 10 drives the friction plate 11 and the friction plate 12 to generate a damping force; when unloading, the transmission rod 8 and the ratchet 9 are relatively close, and the gear 8-1 of the transmission rod cannot drive the transmission shaft 10 to rotate through the ratchet 9, and no damping force is generated.

[0064] Feature 2:

[0065] Regardless of whether the support of the present invention is subjected to tension or compression, when the load is applied, the post-tensioned prestressed tendons will always extend; when the load is unloaded, the post-tensioned prestressed tendons will always shorten.

[0066] When the support is under tension, the inner tube 2 is clamped by the outer tube 1, that is, the left end of the prestressed reset element is fixed. During the loading process, the limit device 6 moves to the right, that is, the right end of the prestressed reset element moves to the right, and the disc spring 4 and the post-tensioned prestressed tendon 3 extend. During the unloading process, the limit device 6 moves to the left, that is, the right end of the prestressed reset element moves to the left, and the disc spring 4 and the post-tensioned prestressed tendon 3 shorten.

[0067] When the support is under pressure, the anchor plate 7 is clamped by the outer cylinder 1, that is, the right end of the prestressed reset element is fixed. During the loading process, the limit device 6 pushes the inner cylinder 2 to the left, that is, the left end of the prestressed reset element moves to the left, and the rear disc spring 4 and the tensioned prestressed tendon 3 extend. During the unloading process, the inner cylinder 2 moves to the right, that is, the left end of the prestressed reset element moves to the right, and the disc spring 4 and the rear tensioned prestressed tendon 3 shorten.

[0068] Finally, one of the effects obtained by the product of the present invention is that the support as a whole can achieve complete self-resetting performance when only a small amount of prestress is applied.

[0069] By integrating the above two mechanical characteristics of the support, namely the unidirectional friction energy dissipation system mechanism and the post-tensioning prestressed tendons stretching during loading and shortening accordingly during unloading, the support as a whole can achieve complete self-resetting performance with only a small amount of prestress applied.

[0070] When the support is loaded (in tension or compression), the one-way friction dissipation system dissipates frictional energy. When the support is unloaded, the post-tensioned prestressing tendons stretch relative to their initial state. Their elastic restoring force resets the self-resetting support, while the one-way friction dissipation system generates no resisting damping force. Therefore, only a small amount of prestress is required for the support to achieve complete self-resetting performance.

[0071] The second effect: The ultimate elongation capacity of the support can be flexibly designed and is not limited by the elastic deformation capacity of the post-tensioned prestressed tendon material.

[0072] In order to achieve the complete self-resetting characteristic of the self-resetting support, the post-tensioned prestressed tendons must always maintain elasticity. Taking advantage of the low tensile force characteristic of the post-tensioned prestressed tendons of this support, a disc spring is set on the left side of the post-tensioned prestressed tendons to form a series mechanism with the post-tensioned prestressed tendons. Therefore, unlike the existing self-resetting support in which the deformation of the support is equal to the deformation elongation of the post-tensioned prestressed tendons, the deformation of the support proposed in the present invention is the sum of the deformation elongation of the post-tensioned prestressed tendons and the disc spring, and the ultimate elongation capacity of the support is improved. The stiffness and deformation capacity of the disc spring can be flexibly designed, so the ultimate elongation capacity of the support can also be flexibly designed, and is no longer limited by the elastic deformation capacity of the post-tensioned prestressed tendon material. Since the tension level of the post-tensioned prestressed tendons in the self-resetting support of the present invention is greatly reduced compared to the existing self-resetting support, the design strength of the disc spring is also significantly reduced.

[0073] The above description is only a description of the preferred embodiments of the present application and does not limit the scope of the present application. Any changes or modifications made by any person skilled in the art based on the above disclosed technical content should be regarded as equivalent valid embodiments and fall within the scope of protection of the technical solution of the present application.

Claims

1. The design method of low prestressed self-resetting support with built-in meshing ratchet mechanism is characterized by: Including the design of the self-reset system and the design of the one-way friction energy dissipation system, among which: The self-resetting system provides a self-resetting capability, and is designed so that the post-tensioned prestressed tendons (3) will extend when loaded, regardless of whether the support is extended or compressed; and the post-tensioned prestressed tendons (3) will shorten when unloaded; The one-way friction energy dissipation system provides one-way friction energy dissipation capability. Its design enables the ratchet (9) to rotate clockwise when loaded, and the inner teeth of the ratchet (9) engage the pawl (9-3), driving the inner wheel (9-4) to rotate. The inner wheel (9-4) drives the transmission shaft (10) to rotate, thereby rotating the friction plate (11) fixed on the transmission shaft (10). The friction plate rubs against the friction plate (12) under the preload force, generating a damping force and dissipating seismic energy. When unloading, the ratchet (9) rotates counterclockwise, and the inner teeth of the ratchet (9) cannot engage the pawl (9-3). The ratchet (9) cannot drive the inner wheel (9-4) to rotate. The inner wheel (9-4) cannot drive the transmission shaft (10) to rotate. The transmission shaft (10) cannot drive the friction plate (11) to rotate. The friction plate (11) cannot rub against the friction plate (12), and no damping force is generated at this time. The one-way friction energy dissipation system relies on an internal meshing ratchet mechanism to achieve a one-way friction energy dissipation mechanism; The self-resetting system relies on the prestressed tendons and disc springs in series to enhance the deformation capacity of the prestressed tendons; The one-way friction energy dissipation system comprises an outer cylinder (1), an inner cylinder (2), a transmission rod with a gear (8), a ratchet (9), a transmission shaft (10), and a friction device; The outer cylinder (1) and the inner cylinder (2) are cylindrical or rectangular cylinders, and the right side of the cylinder is open; the inner cylinder (2) is arranged inside the outer cylinder (1); the left end of the outer cylinder (1) is externally welded with a connecting piece, which serves as a left end connecting section of the supporting structure and is connected to the external structure; The ratchet (9) comprises a ratchet outer gear (9-1), a ratchet inner gear (9-2), a pawl (9-3) and an inner wheel (9-4), wherein the ratchet outer gear (9-1) is sleeved on the outer side of the ratchet inner gear (9-2), and the pawl (9-3) is mounted on the inner wheel (9-4); A gear (8-1) is provided on the transmission rod (8); one end of the transmission rod (8) extends into the opening of the inner cylinder (2), and the transmission rod (8) is transmitted by meshing with the gear (8-1) and the ratchet outer gear (9-1) of the ratchet (9), and the other end is fixed to the left side of the anchor plate (7); The transmission shaft (10) is perpendicular to the direction of the ratchet plane and is arranged at the axis of the inner wheel (9-4). Friction devices are provided at both ends of the transmission shaft (10) and supported on the inner cylinder wall; the friction devices are located on both sides of the ratchet (9); The self-resetting system comprises a limiting device (6), an anchoring plate (7) and a prestressed reset element; The limiting device (6) passes through the right ends of the outer tube (1) and the inner tube (2), and the right end of the limiting device (6) is externally welded with a connecting piece, which serves as the right end connecting end of the supporting whole and is connected to the external structure; The anchoring plate (7) is arranged outside the outer cylinder (1), and a through hole is provided in the anchoring plate (7) for the limiting device (6) to pass through; The left end of the prestressed reset element is anchored to the left side of the inner tube (2), and the right end is anchored to the anchor plate (7).

2. The design method for a low prestressed self-resetting support of a built-in meshing ratchet mechanism according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The transmission rod (8) is made of steel, and a gear (8-1) is provided on the entire bottom surface.

3. The design method for low prestressed self-resetting support of a built-in meshing ratchet mechanism according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The inner wheel (9-4) is mounted on the transmission shaft (10) and has a ring-shaped cross section. A notch is provided at the inner ring of the inner wheel (9-4). The transmission shaft (10) is provided with a protruding block, and the protruding block matches the notch of the inner ring. The two fit together, and the inner ring drives the transmission shaft to rotate.

4. The design method for a low prestressed self-resetting support of a built-in meshing ratchet mechanism according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The friction device comprises a friction plate (11), a friction sheet (12) and a fixing bolt (13); The friction plate (11) is connected to the transmission shaft (10) and rotates along with the transmission shaft (10); An opening is provided at the center of the friction plate (12) for the transmission shaft (10) to pass through, and two friction plates (12) are respectively provided on both sides of the friction plate (11); The two friction plates (12) are clamped to the friction plate (11) by fixing bolts (13) and fixed to the inner cylinder wall to provide the preload force required for friction energy consumption.

5. The design method for low prestressed self-resetting support of a built-in meshing ratchet mechanism according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The friction plate (11) is rigidly connected to the transmission shaft (10) by welding and is in the form of a ring or a rectangle. The friction plate (11) rotates with the transmission shaft (10) and does not contact the fixing bolt (13).

6. The design method for a low prestressed self-resetting support of a built-in meshing ratchet mechanism according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The prestressed reset element comprises a disc spring (4), a post-tensioned prestressed tendon (3), and an anchor head (5); The disc spring (4) is arranged inside the left side of the inner tube (2); the left end of the post-tensioned prestressed tendon (3) is fixed to the disc spring (4), and the right end is anchored to the anchor plate (7) through the anchor head (5); thus, the disc spring (4) is arranged on the left side of the post-tensioned prestressed tendon (3), and forms a deformation series mechanism with the post-tensioned prestressed tendon (3), so as to improve the support axial limit deformation capacity.

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