Multi-functional device for intensive shrimp culture and intensive shrimp culture system using the same

Abstract

A multifunctional device for intensive shrimp farming and an intensive shrimp farming system using the device are provided. The system includes: a shrimp pond (100) containing brackish water pumped from a river or ocean and then treated with chemicals, sedimentation, and microorganisms; at least one multifunctional device (200) for generating water flow, dissolving molecular oxygen, transporting and distributing shrimp feed, and providing a solution containing minerals, microorganisms, and other additives; a pure oxygen supply device (300) capable of generating oxygen from the air to supply oxygen with a purity higher than 90% to the water in the intensive culture pond to achieve a stable, higher concentration of dissolved oxygen saturation; a porous thin-plate mesh floating on the water to reduce the diffusion of oxygen molecules from the water to the air; and a light net for providing artificial light to alter the shrimp feeding cycle with industrial and natural foods. The system according to the invention integrates multiple parts (of which the multifunctional device is the most important), contributing to a high degree of automation in the shrimp farming process, rational arrangement of the parts, flexible coordination, and flexible operation, helping the shrimp farming system achieve greater intensive and efficient operation, improving shrimp farming efficiency, and reducing production costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a multifunctional device for intensive shrimp farming and an intensive shrimp farming system using the device. The system and device of this invention can generally be used for shrimp farming, but are preferably used for white shrimp farming. This invention is a highly specialized intensive shrimp farming system capable of monitoring farming conditions, regulating dissolved oxygen (O2) levels in the water, and distributing food and nutrients. Background Technology

[0002] Intensive farming is used in white shrimp farming in Vietnam and other Asian countries. Circular and rectangular shrimp ponds lined with high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipes are increasingly used to increase the density of white shrimp farming. Commercial shrimp ponds typically contain 1000 m³ of... 3 up to 2000m 3 The treated brackish water has a salinity of 10 g / L to 30 g / L, an edge depth of about 1.2 m, a center depth of 1.8 m, and is equipped with a siphon system.

[0003] Dissolved oxygen levels in water are crucial and essential for intensive shrimp farming using large quantities of feed. Most of the dissolved oxygen in the water is used by aerobic microorganisms in the shrimp pond to decompose proteins in shrimp feces and organic compounds released during the shrimp farming process. Dissolved oxygen provides essential oxygen for aquatic animals, which is beneficial for the growth and proliferation of aerobic microorganisms, promotes the decomposition of organic matter, reduces toxic substances, inhibits the activity of harmful anaerobic microorganisms, and enhances the shrimp's immunity. Low dissolved oxygen negatively impacts the shrimp's ability to capture prey and digest food. One method to help increase dissolved oxygen levels in shrimp ponds is to use mechanical systems to create oxygen within the pond.

[0004] Mechanical oxygenation systems commonly used in Vietnam and other countries include blowers connected to multiple oxygen diffusers located at the bottom of the pond, and paddlewheel devices floating on the water surface that mix air containing approximately 20.5% oxygen into the water. The paddlewheel devices are also used to centrifuge dead shrimp, shrimp shells, shrimp feces, and organic compounds into a siphon system, which then periodically removes them from the pond.

[0005] During operation, the blower draws in air and blows it out through the diffuser, forming bubbles that rise to the water surface. The rotating paddle wheel on the water surface breaks the water into small droplets, increasing the contact area between the air and water and increasing the dissolved oxygen in the water.

[0006] The rate at which oxygen dissolves from the air into water is described by the following gas transfer equation:

[0007] dC / dt=K1·(A / V)·(C s –C m )

[0008] Where: dC / dt is the rate at which oxygen in the air dissolves into water;

[0009] K l It is the water surface renewal constant that depends on the turbulence rate of the water;

[0010] A represents the surface area of ​​the shrimp pond where water and air come into contact.

[0011] V represents the water volume in the shrimp pond;

[0012] C s It depends on the saturated dissolved oxygen concentration under the conditions of water temperature and salinity;

[0013] C m It is the measured oxygen concentration.

[0014] In practice, oxygen generation systems, including blowers and paddlewheels, operate continuously 24 hours a day to dissolve oxygen into the water. However, the dissolved oxygen concentration C in the water... m It will never exceed the saturated dissolved oxygen concentration C s Because when C m Equals C s At that time, dC / dt = 0. In other words, the rate at which oxygen in the air dissolves into water is equal to the rate at which oxygen in the water evaporates into the air.

[0015] The mechanical oxygenation systems currently in use are extremely energy-intensive. On average, 4,500 to 5,500 kWh of electricity is needed to dissolve oxygen for harvesting one ton of shrimp.

[0016] Therefore, the brackish water shrimp farming industry urgently needs a shrimp farming system that can achieve a dissolved oxygen concentration in the shrimp pond that is higher than the saturated dissolved oxygen concentration, in order to increase the shrimp stocking density per square meter in intensive shrimp farming and reduce energy consumption. Summary of the Invention

[0017] The purpose of this invention is to overcome limitations related to dissolved oxygen concentration in shrimp ponds. To achieve this purpose, according to one aspect of the invention, a multifunctional device for intensive shrimp farming is provided, the multifunctional device comprising:

[0018] A support frame, used to support (or anchor) the rest of the equipment;

[0019] A water flow generator for generating a stratified water flow with reduced volumetric flow rate from the bottom to the surface of a shrimp pond includes: an impeller driven by a motor (for stirring to generate water flow) via a drive shaft; a body covering the outside of the impeller configured with a flat plate bent into a semi-circle to capture the internal water flow; and the body as a whole having a spiral tubular structure to facilitate the generation and guidance of water flow.

[0020] A feeder unit for providing industrial and functional food to shrimp includes a first container; a lid above the first container; a food sensor inside the first container that can sense the amount of food inside; a feed outlet below the first container; and a feed dispensing motor placed on top of the feed outlet.

[0021] A material supply unit for delivering substances such as minerals, microorganisms and other additives to a shrimp pond environment includes: a second container; a crossbar connecting the two ends of the opening of the second container; a stirring motor located in the middle of the crossbar; a pipe located below the second container for guiding the material solution to an outlet; and an automatic valve located on the pipe for controlling the amount of material to be supplied.

[0022] The gas dissolution unit, which diffuses oxygen into water, includes a porous ceramic tube and a stainless steel tube placed inside the porous ceramic tube. The gap between the stainless steel tube and the inner wall of the porous ceramic tube is filled with sand. Stainless steel rods are arranged around the porous ceramic tube, wherein they are fixed together by rubber fasteners, round flat stainless steel plates, bolts and rivets.

[0023] Sensors are used to measure water quality, including dissolved oxygen concentration, pH value, salinity, water temperature, turbidity, and sunlight.

[0024] A controller for operating a multifunctional device, the controller being connected to and communicating with other components via wired and / or wireless communication (such as Wifi, 3G, 4G or LoRa), wherein the controller is operable to receive system data information from sensors, then determine and adjust appropriate parameters, and transmit the system data information to the components so that the components can operate according to defined parameters.

[0025] In one or more embodiments of the multifunctional device, the porous ceramic tube has pores smaller than 1.0 micrometer, the sand particles have a diameter between 0.5 and 2.0 mm, and the stainless steel rod is arranged around the porous ceramic tube at an angle of 37 degrees.

[0026] In one or more embodiments of the multifunctional device, the water flow generator is between 50 and 1,000 m 3 Operates at volumetric flow rates between / h for applications containing 100 to 2,000 m³ / h. 3 Intensive shrimp ponds in brackish water.

[0027] In one or more embodiments of the multifunctional device, the device also includes indicator lights that are connected to and communicate with the controller to generate alarm signals in different modes.

[0028] In one or more embodiments of the multifunctional device, the controller connects and communicates with external devices via a host server to allow users to operate and control the device remotely.

[0029] Another aspect of the present invention is an intensive shrimp farming system, the system comprising:

[0030] Shrimp ponds consist of brackish water pumped from rivers or oceans and then treated with chemicals, sediments, and microorganisms.

[0031] At least one multifunctional device for generating water flow, dissolving molecular oxygen, transporting and distributing shrimp feed, and providing a solution containing minerals, microorganisms and other additives;

[0032] A pure oxygen supply system that generates oxygen from the air to supply oxygen with a purity higher than 90% to the water in an intensive culture tank; and

[0033] A porous sheet mesh that floats on water, used to reduce the diffusion of oxygen molecules from water into the air.

[0034] In one or more embodiments of an intensive shrimp farming system, the system also includes a light net that provides artificial light to alter the shrimp's feeding cycle with industrial and natural food.

[0035] Preferably, the dissolved oxygen concentration of the system is always higher than the saturated dissolved oxygen concentration commonly found in current shrimp farming.

[0036] Preferably, the porous sheet mesh is composed of porous sheets with a density of less than 1 g / L and fixed together.

[0037] Preferably, the porous sheet is made of polyethylene, polypropylene, or polyurethane materials of various colors and with a thickness ranging from 5 mm to 50 mm.

[0038] Preferably, the light grid includes light with wavelengths between 380nm and 580nm, including LEDs that emit violet light (wavelength 380nm), blue light (wavelength 450nm), green light (wavelength 510nm), and yellow light (wavelength 580nm).

[0039] Preferably, the light net is automatically turned on at least 2 hours before sunrise with gradually increasing intensity, and gradually reduced in intensity and completely turned off at least 2 hours after sunset.

[0040] Preferably, the light net provides additional artificial light for at least 4 hours before sunrise and after sunset.

[0041] The shrimp farming system of this invention provides superior dissolved oxygen capabilities through a pure oxygen supply device and a specially structured gas dissolution unit. Its porous thin-plate mesh also resists oxygen diffusion, helping to overcome the inherent limitations of oxygen solubility in pond water, i.e., the dissolved oxygen concentration C in the water. m It will never exceed the saturated dissolved oxygen concentration C s This is often a key issue in shrimp farming. Furthermore, shrimp farming systems integrate multiple components (with multi-functional equipment being the most important), which contributes to a high degree of automation in the shrimp farming process, rational layout of each component, flexible coordination, and flexible operation. This helps shrimp farming systems achieve greater efficiency and high intensification, improves shrimp farming efficiency, and reduces production costs. Attached Figure Description

[0042] Figure 1A A top view of an intensive shrimp farming system according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0043] Figure 1B A side view of an intensive shrimp farming system according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0044] Figure 2 The structure of the multifunctional device of the present invention is shown.

[0045] Figure 3 The structure of the water flow generator of the multifunctional device of the present invention is shown.

[0046] Figure 4 The structure of the gas dissolution unit of the multifunctional device of the present invention is shown.

[0047] Figure 5 The structure of the feeder unit of the multifunctional device of the present invention is shown.

[0048] Figure 6 The structure of the material supply unit of the multifunctional device of the present invention is shown.

[0049] Figure 7 The types of materials that can be used to manufacture porous sheets that float on water are shown, wherein a) and b) are rigid and flexible polymer porous sheets, and c) is a porous foamed polymer membrane.

[0050] Figure 8 The intensive shrimp farming system in Experimental Example 2 of the present invention is shown.

[0051] Figure 9 A diagram is shown illustrating the process of turning the lights on and off in the intensive shrimp farming system of Experimental Example 2 of the present invention.

[0052] Figure 10The graph depicts the changes in dissolved oxygen concentration, sunlight intensity, and oxygen flow in the water added to the experimental intensive shrimp pond, collected on September 14, 2021.

[0053] Figure 11A The graphs depict changes in dissolved oxygen concentration, sunlight intensity, and oxygen flow in water added to an experimental intensive shrimp pond, collected from September 1, 2021 to September 30, 2021.

[0054] Figure 11B A graph depicts the changes in dissolved oxygen concentration in an intensive shrimp pond using a conventional mechanical aeration system, which includes a blower connected to a diffuser located at the bottom of the pond and a paddle wheel device floating on the water.

[0055] Figure 12 The chart shows the changes in pH and sunlight intensity in intensive shrimp ponds collected from September 1, 2021 to September 30, 2021.

[0056] Figure 13 The chart shows the average weight gain of shrimp over the number of days of rearing, with each day using an application of artificial intelligence. The Vis100A shrimp growth monitor measures the average weight.

[0057] Figure 14A , Figure 14B and Figure 14C Images of shrimp harvested from ponds 1, 2, and 3, both alive and when heated with hot water, are shown.

[0058] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached diagram: 100 Shrimp pond; 110 Shrimp pond wall; 120 Siphon system; 130 Pond water level; 200 Multifunctional equipment; 202 Support frame; 204 Motor (stirring to generate water flow); 206 Drive shaft; 208 Indicator light; 210 Sensor; 220 Water flow generator; 222 (Water flow generator) body; 224 Propeller; 226 Discharge port; 228 Air passage; 230 Gas dissolution unit; 232 Porous ceramic tube; 234 Stainless steel tube; 236 Sand layer (to ensure uniform gas molecule flow); 238 Rubber fastener; 240 Stainless steel rod; 242 Stainless steel plate ; 244 Bolt; 246 Rivet; 248 Air Channel Receiver; 250 Feeder Unit; 252 First Container; 254 Lid; 256 Food Sensor; 258 Motor (Feed Dispensing); 260 Feed Output Unit; 270 Material Supply Unit; 272 Second Container; 274 Motor (Stirring, Dissolving, and Mixing Solutions); 276 Automatic Valve; 278 Material Piping; 280 Output Unit (Material Solution Piping); 290 Controller; 300 Pure Oxygen Supply Equipment; 310 Air Channel System; 400 Pure Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Supply Equipment; 500 Porous Plate; 600 Lamp. Detailed Implementation

[0059] The scope of protection of this invention will become clearer from the following detailed description. However, it should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples indicating preferred embodiments of the invention are given for illustrative purposes only, and the invention is not limited thereto. Various modifications and changes within the scope and spirit of this invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

[0060] See Figure 1A and Figure 1B The system includes: a shrimp pond (100); a multi-functional device (200) capable of generating water flow, dissolving molecular oxygen, transporting and distributing shrimp feed, and providing a solution containing minerals, microorganisms, and other additives; a pure oxygen supply device (300) (oxygen purity greater than 90%); a pure carbon dioxide (CO2) supply device (CO2 purity greater than 90%); a porous thin-plate mesh that floats on the water to reduce the diffusion of oxygen molecules from the water into the air and to provide shade; and a light net for altering shrimp behavior.

[0061] Shrimp pond

[0062] Shrimp pond 100 has a circular surface, but is not limited to this. Specifically, shrimp pond 100 can have other surface shapes, such as rectangular, square, or polygonal, depending on the needs and scale of the shrimp pond operator. A siphon system 120 (a common structure, not described here) is designed in the center of shrimp pond 100. Shrimp are raised in shrimp pond 100, which contains brackish water with a dissolved oxygen concentration "higher" than saturated dissolved oxygen at any temperature, salinity, and atmospheric pressure.

[0063] brackish water

[0064] The intensive shrimp farming system of this invention comprises brackish water obtained from rivers or oceans and treated with chemicals containing potassium permanganate (KMnO4), benzalkonium chloride, and acetic acid. Polyaluminum chloride is then added to help suspended particles settle in the water. After settling, the brackish water is treated with chlorine and filtered through sand, and is ready for shrimp farming.

[0065] Preferably, the brackish water has a salinity between 5 g / L and 30 g / L, a pH between 6.0 and 9.0, and an alkalinity greater than 80 mg / L.

[0066] Preferably, the brackish water contains a large amount of minerals (including cationic compounds of Ca, K, Mg, and P) and trace minerals (including cationic compounds of Co, Cu, Fe, I, Mn, Se, and Zn), and the alkalinity of the brackish water in the shrimp pond is between 80 and 250 mg / L.

[0067] Preferably, the brackish water also contains algae to provide oxygen through photosynthesis with natural or artificial light and serves as a natural food source for shrimp. The following algae are preferably present in the shrimp culture water at a concentration of 10... 3 -10 5 CFU / ml:

[0068] - Green algae: Chlorella sp., Nannochloropsis sp., Scenedesmus sp., Monoraphidium contortum, Chlamydomonas sp., Ankistrodesmus sp., Haematococcus sp., Dunaliella sp., Oocystis sp., Volvox sp., vàUlothrix sp.;

[0069] - Diatoms: *Thalassiosira* sp., *Chaetoceros* sp., *Eunotia* sp., *Isochrysis* sp., *Skeletonema* sp., *Nitzschia* sp., *VàNavicula* sp.;

[0070] - Spirulina algae: Spirulina sp.

[0071] Preferably, the brackish water in the shrimp pond 100 according to the present invention also includes microorganisms with various functions, including:

[0072] - Microorganisms used for environmental treatment, organic decomposition, and toxic gas treatment:

[0073] Bacillus subtilis sp., Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus pumilus, Streptomyces sp., Rhodopseudomonas sp., Nitrobacter sp., Nitrosomonas sp., and other microorganisms with similar functions.

[0074] - Microorganisms that support digestion, boost immunity, and fight harmful bacteria:

[0075] Lactobacillus sp., Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bacillus subtilis sp., Bacillus licheniformis, Saccharomyces sp., Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces boulardii, and other microorganisms with similar functions.

[0076] Multifunctional device 200

[0077] See Figure 1A , Figure 1B and Figure 2 The multifunctional device 200 of the present invention (partially immersed in water) includes a support frame 202; a water flow generator 220; a sensor 210 for measuring water quality (including dissolved oxygen concentration, pH value, salinity, water temperature, turbidity, sunlight, and algae density); a feeder unit 250; a substance supply unit 270 for delivering substances such as minerals, microorganisms, and other additives; and a gas dissolution unit 230 for diffusing oxygen and / or carbon dioxide molecules into the water.

[0078] See Figure 1B The water flow generator 220 is located near the bottom of the shrimp pond 100. (Refer to...) Figure 3The water flow generator 220 includes an impeller 224 driven by a motor 204 via a drive shaft 206 for stirring to generate water flow (3.7kW, 380V); a body 222, the exterior of which is the body 222 of the water flow generator 220. The upper part of the body 222 is designed with a flat plate bent into a semi-circle to capture the internal water flow. The entire body 222 is a spiral tubular structure to facilitate the generation and guidance of water flow. The water flow generator 220 is designed to generate a stratified water flow with decreasing volumetric flow rate from the bottom of the shrimp pond to the surface. Preferably, the water flow generator (220) operates at a volumetric flow rate where the water at the air-water interface has the slowest possible flow rate to avoid any turbulence that might increase the diffusion of oxygen from the water into the air. Preferably, for a volumetric flow rate of 100 to 2,000 m³, the water flow generator (220) operates at a volumetric flow rate where the water at the air-water interface has the slowest possible flow rate to avoid any turbulence that might increase the diffusion of oxygen from the water into the air. 3 A 100-unit intensive shrimp pond in brackish water, with a water volumetric flow rate ranging from 50 to 1,000 m³ / h. 3 Between / h.

[0079] Reference Figure 4 The multifunctional device 200 of the present invention includes at least a gas dissolution unit 230 for diffusing oxygen into water, located at the water inlet and positioned above the impeller 224 of the water flow generator 220. The gas dissolution unit 230 is connected to a pure oxygen supply device 300 via an air channel system 310. The gas dissolution unit 230 includes a porous ceramic tube 232 and a stainless steel tube 234. The porous ceramic tube 232 has pores smaller than 1.0 μm (purchased from Doulton WaterFilters, Singapore, trade name Doulton Sterasyl Slimelin Microfilter, with 10-inch diameter openings at both ends). The stainless steel tube 234 has small holes and is placed inside the porous ceramic tube 232. The gap between the stainless steel tube 234 and the wall of the porous ceramic tube 232 is filled with sand, wherein the sand particles have a diameter of 0.5-2.0 mm, which helps to easily control the flow of oxygen. Six stainless steel rods 240 (but not limited to) are arranged around the porous ceramic tube 232 at an angle of 37 degrees. The stainless steel rod 240 is used to increase the speed and drive the water flow when it comes into contact with the porous ceramic tube 232, so as to help oxygen molecules dissolve in the water more quickly. All components of the gas dissolution unit 230 are held together by rubber fasteners 238, two flat circular stainless steel plates 242, three bolts 244 and three rivets 246.

[0080] refer to Figure 2The sensor 210 is designed in a cylindrical shape (but not limited to this). One end (bottom) of the sensor 210 is immersed in the water of the shrimp pond 100, and the sensor chip is located inside this end. The other end (top) has a wire connection to transmit information to the electronic controller 290. The sensor 210 of the present invention is used to measure the pH value, salinity, dissolved oxygen concentration, water level, and algae concentration of the water in the shrimp pond 100.

[0081] See Figure 5 The feeder unit 250 is used to provide industrial and functional food for shrimp. The feeder unit 250 includes a first container 252 consisting of two parts: a cylindrical upper part and a conical lower part. A lid 254 is located above the first container 252. A sensor 256 may be present inside the first container 252 to sense the amount of food remaining in the first container 252. A feed outlet 260 is located below the first container 252. The feed outlet 260 is a square box-shaped tube (but not limited thereto) and can be directed straight down or diagonally toward the position of the water flow generator 220 (food is sucked in due to the suction force in the water flow generator 220). Furthermore, a motor 258 for feed dispensing can be arranged on top of the feed outlet 260 to measure the amount of feed in the shrimp pond 100 and supply a precise amount of feed to the shrimp pond 100.

[0082] Reference Figure 6 The material supply unit 270 for supplying mineral and microbial solutions to the shrimp pond 100 includes a second container 272 for receiving and containing the mineral solution or other required substances for shrimp farming, such as water treatment solutions, microorganisms, pH adjusters, etc. Depending on the usage requirements and the compatibility between the substances, the substances placed in the container can be of one type or a combination of different types. The second container 272 has an opening at the top, and a crossbar connects two points of the cross-section of the opening. A motor 274 for stirring the substances inside the second container is arranged in the middle of the crossbar. Below the second container is a pipe 278 for leading these substances to an output section 280 before the mineral solution, microorganisms, and other additives enter the shrimp pond 100. An automatic valve 276 is located at the top of the pipe 278 to control the amount of substances supplied to the shrimp pond 100. The second container 272 can operate independently or in combination with the first container 271. More precisely, the two containers do not always operate simultaneously (and usually do not), but rather, depending on these characteristics and over time, they will operate in combination; for example, they can be used simultaneously to replenish microorganisms and feed the tank.

[0083] Controller 290 is configured to operate the entire multi-functional device 200. Controller 290 connects and communicates with other components via wired and / or wireless communication (such as Wi-Fi, 3G, 4G, or LoRa). Controller 290 has a processor that operatively receives system data from sensors, analyzes and determines appropriate parameters for the shrimp pond 100, and transmits the information to the components, enabling them to operate according to the defined parameters. Specifically, sensor 210 measures water quality indicators in the shrimp pond 100, with measurements updated to controller 290 every 15 to 180 minutes. The processor of controller 290 analyzes and evaluates the multi-functional device 200 and the entire system, and then makes appropriate operational requests. For example, when the dissolved oxygen concentration is below the "allowable value," the data is transmitted to controller 290 for analysis, and controller 290 then activates the pure oxygen supply device 300 to deliver oxygen via gas solubilizer 230 to the water column within the body 222 of the water flow generator 220 for dissolution in the pond. When the dissolved oxygen concentration in the water exceeds the "allowable value," sensor 210 transmits the information to controller 290 for analysis. Controller 290 then stops the pure oxygen supply device 300. This mechanism controls the dissolved oxygen concentration in the water within the allowable threshold and saves energy. This mechanism is also applicable to controlling the concentration of other substances in the shrimp pond 100. The controller 290, with its integrated microprocessor, can operate the entire system independently; however, the invention is not limited to this. As mentioned above, the circuitry inside the control box is connected to the internet via Wi-Fi, 3G, 4G, and LoRa. Therefore, controller 290 can fully connect and communicate with an external server, and / or users can indirectly remotely control the system's operation through controller 290.

[0084] In addition, refer to Figure 2 The multifunctional device 200 of the present invention includes an indicator light 208. The indicator light 208 can be connected and communicated with the controller 209 to generate alarm signals in different modes. For example, when the oxygen concentration in the pool is high, the indicator light 208 remains bright red; when the food in the first container is almost empty, the indicator light 208 remains bright blue, and so on.

[0085] 300 pure oxygen supply equipment

[0086] The intensive shrimp farming system of this invention includes a device that provides oxygen molecules with a purity greater than 90%. The device used in this invention is based on pressure swing adsorption technology and was developed in Vietnam. Manufactured by a technology company, named The OXYGEN GENERATOR M300 is a machine with a capacity of 40 L / min and an oxygen purity higher than 90%. Oxygen molecules from the machine are guided to the gas dissolution unit 230 via an air channel system 310 at a flow rate from 1 L / min to 30 L / min. Preferably, the ratio of water flow rate to oxygen molecule flow rate varies between 1,500 and 2,000 to prevent oxygen molecules from forming bubbles and evaporating to the water surface. More preferably, the pure oxygen supply device 300 is controlled by a controller 290 to work in conjunction with other equipment so that the dissolved oxygen concentration in the shrimp pond 100 is always higher than the saturated dissolved oxygen concentration, which is common in current shrimp farming. More preferably, it is at least 1 mg / L higher than the saturated dissolved oxygen concentration.

[0087] In addition to the pure oxygen supply device 300, a pure carbon dioxide supply device can also be installed, using the same air channel system 310 to guide the gas into the shrimp pond 100. This device works under certain conditions, its purpose being to provide carbon dioxide for algae, as algae use carbon dioxide to produce oxygen molecules during photosynthesis.

[0088] A mesh of porous thin sheets floating on water

[0089] The intensive shrimp farming system of the present invention includes a porous sheet mesh 500 floating on the water surface, which has the function of reducing the diffusion of oxygen molecules from water into the air. These porous sheets have a density of less than 1.0 g / L.

[0090] Preferably, the porous sheet 500 is made of polyethylene, polypropylene, or polyurethane materials of various colors and thicknesses ranging from 5 mm to 50 mm. Alternatively, the porous sheet 500 can be a polyester-cotton fabric with a thickness of 1 to 5 mm. The porous sheet 500 can also be a double-sided polyester mesh fabric with polyethylene and polypropylene plastic layers commonly used in building waterproofing.

[0091] The porous sheet 500 used in this invention can be fixed with a hanging rope.

[0092] Light net 600

[0093] The intensive shrimp farming system of the present invention may also include a light net 600 for the shrimp pond 100, the purpose of which is to stimulate the shrimp to eat more industrial food when the light is on.

[0094] White shrimp raised in commercial intensive culture ponds are omnivorous and feed constantly. Their feeding habits also change with the time of day and night. During the day, about an hour after sunrise, the shrimp gather and move in groups, then continue to move around the bottom and pond walls in search of food. Under natural light, depending on their age, the shrimp prefer to eat industrial feed in pellet form with a diameter ranging from 0.5 mm to 5 mm. At night, as the sun sets, the feeding behavior of the white shrimp changes completely. They prefer natural foods such as algae and zooplankton to industrial feed. Therefore, light nets can be used to alter the omnivorous behavior of the white shrimp.

[0095] Numerous studies have reported that blue light (450 nm wavelength) and green light (510 nm wavelength) contribute to rapid shrimp growth and the highest survival rates. Therefore, the lighting nets in the intensive shrimp ponds of this invention have wavelengths from 380 to 580 nm, including four types of LEDs emitting violet (380 nm wavelength), blue (450 nm wavelength), green (510 nm wavelength), and yellow (580 nm wavelength) light. Each type of light used in this invention contains multiple LEDs, including: 5 violet LEDs, 40 blue LEDs, 50 green LEDs, and 5 yellow LEDs.

[0096] Preferably, the light net is gradually turned on at least 2 hours before sunrise and dimmed and turned off at least 2 hours after sunset. More preferably, the light net provides additional artificial light for at least 4 hours before sunrise and after sunset.

[0097] Examples of Invention Implementation

[0098] Experimental Example 1 (Pool 1):

[0099] In this experimental example, an intensive shrimp farming system with the following conditions was established:

[0100] Shrimp pond

[0101] The shrimp pond has a capacity of 100m 3 The semi-brackish water scale is covered with an HDPE membrane with a radius of 6m, a depth of 1.2m around the wall, and the siphon system is located at the center, which slopes down to 1.5m.

[0102] brackish water source

[0103] The shrimp pond contains 100m 3 The properties of the brackish water remained unchanged during shrimp culture and are summarized in Table 1:

[0104] Table 1: Required properties of brackish water in the experimental tank

[0105]

[0106]

[0107] Specifically, the brackish water in the shrimp ponds contains a mixture of bacteria and actinomycetes, which process organic matter and residues, and participate in the metabolism of toxic gases such as NH3, NO2, and H2S. In addition, they produce protein-containing flocculent particles that provide natural food for the shrimp. These bacteria and actinomycetes are supplied by MICRAQUA products from Mylan Joint Stock Company, Tra Vinh, which contain Bacillus subtilis sp., Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus coaglulans, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus pumilus, Streptomyces sp., Rhodopseudomonas sp., Nitrobacter sp., and Nitrosomonas sp. The microbial density of the MICRAQUA solution is approximately 10. 7 CFU / mL–10 9 CFU / mL.

[0108] The shrimp pond water contains algae of the genera *Nannochloropsis* sp., *Dunaliella salina* sp., and *Haematococcus pluvialis*, with high levels of β-carotene and astaxanthin, and a total density of 10. 3 CFU / mL–10 5 CFU / mL. These algae were purchased from Mylan Group (Tra Vinh) liquid biomass, with an algae density of 10 in the product. 4 CFU / mL-10 6 CFU / mL.

[0109] Pure oxygen supply equipment

[0110] The pure oxygen supply equipment used in this experiment is... Technologies Vietnam (Tra Vinh) The OXYGEN GENERATOR M300 has an oxygen capacity of 40 L / min and a purity exceeding 90%. Oxygen is supplied to the oxygen diffuser to dissolve in the water, and its flow rate is automatically set according to the required dissolved oxygen concentration in the water. In this experimental example, the dissolved oxygen concentration in the shrimp pond water was 10.0 mg / L–10.5 mg / L.

[0111] Multifunctional device

[0112] The system includes: a multi-functional device with a water flow generator capable of producing a flow rate from 3,000 liters / minute to 6,000 liters / minute; and a feeder unit that is automatically set to feed shrimp 100 to 1000 grams at a time, then stop feeding for 5 minutes and start feeding again, feeding the shrimp with a mixture of 80% shrimp food Gold 6804 (CP Vietnam Animal Feed Group, Ben Tre) and 20% functional shrimp food Functional Gold 100. Smart Fertilizers (Tra Vinh) feed; sensors, which are made of TechnologiesVietnam (Tra Vinh) The MPROBES 100 device; and a gas dissolution unit that can effectively diffuse oxygen and is connected to a pure oxygen supply device.

[0113] During the cultivation process, parameters such as light intensity, dissolved oxygen concentration, pH, salinity, and water temperature are constantly monitored and measured using sensors, and are automatically updated to the internet and stored every 15 minutes. On the servers of Technologies Vietnam (Tra Vinh) data center.

[0114] By analyzing and evaluating the data mentioned on the server, the processor provides the system with the best operating plan.

[0115] Dissolved oxygen is set to operate automatically at a concentration of 10.0 to 10.5 mg / L. Oxygen with a purity greater than 90% is supplied to the gas dissolution unit from a pure oxygen supply unit at a flow rate set from 2.0 to 3.0 L / min. When the dissolved oxygen concentration in the shrimp pond is below 10.0 mg / L, the oxygen supply valve automatically opens; when the dissolved oxygen concentration is above 10.5 mg / L, the oxygen supply valve automatically closes. The water flow generator is set to automatically generate a water flow rate of 3,000 L / min to 6,000 L / min. The ratio of water flow rate to molecular oxygen flow rate varies between 1,500 and 2,000 to prevent oxygen molecules from forming bubbles and evaporating to the water surface.

[0116] The sun rises around 6:00 AM and sets around 6:00 PM daily. Sunlight intensity gradually increases, peaking at midday, and then decreases according to the solar cycle. The highest light intensity on September 14, 2021, was 35,710 lux measured at 11:45 AM. Light intensity varies and weakens with cloud cover (see...). Figure 9 On the same day, the dissolved oxygen concentration gradually increased from 8:45 AM, reaching a peak of 13.89 mg / L at 2:15 PM, and then gradually decreased to 10 mg / L at 6:30 PM. The increase in dissolved oxygen concentration in the water was due to photosynthesis by algae in the shrimp ponds. The pure oxygen supply equipment stopped supplying oxygen molecules to the shrimp ponds from 7:15 AM to 6:45 PM. It can be seen that, under sunlight, the intensive shrimp farming system of this invention does not require the supply of oxygen molecules and saves energy (see...). Figure 10 ).

[0117] On September 11th and 29th, 2021, due to rain and cloudy skies, the sunlight intensity was relatively weak, and algal photosynthesis was insufficient to produce large amounts of oxygen. Therefore, the pure oxygen supply equipment had to continuously deliver oxygen to the shrimp ponds throughout the day. On other normal sunny days, the pure oxygen supply equipment did not need to deliver oxygen molecules to the shrimp ponds for at least 8 hours per day (see...). Figure 11A Therefore, compared to shrimp farming systems equipped with water fans and blowers, the energy used to supply oxygen to the shrimp ponds is reduced by at least 33.0%.

[0118] During photosynthesis, algae utilize carbonic acid to produce oxygen molecules, thus gradually increasing the pH of the water. Under the operating conditions of the shrimp pond in this experiment, the pH value varied within the required range, from 7.0 to 8.4 (see...). Figure 12 ).

[0119] Porous sheet mesh floating on water

[0120] Double-layered polyethylene bubble film was used as a foam sheet on the water surface to reduce the diffusion of oxygen molecules into the air above the water. The foam sheet covered 50% of the surface area of ​​the experimental tank.

[0121] Experimental Example 2 (Pool No. 2):

[0122] In this experimental example, the application conditions of the intensive shrimp farming system are exactly the same as those in Experiment 1 (Pond 1), but the system also includes:

[0123] Light net

[0124] Only the intensive shrimp farming system in Pond No. 2 is equipped with a light net, which consists of 10 LEDs with a power of 400W each. This light net includes 180 blue LEDs (1W) with a wavelength of 450nm and 220 green LEDs (1W) with a wavelength of 510nm. The light from the light net of this invention covers 20% to 30% of the area, and these lights are placed at the output of the water flow from the water generator (see...). Figure 8 ).

[0125] Around 4:00 AM (2 hours before sunrise), LEDs with wavelengths of 380nm and 450nm automatically turn on with gradually increasing intensity. At 4:30 AM, LEDs with wavelengths of 510nm and 580nm turn on with gradually increasing intensity. At 5:30 AM, the LED with a wavelength of 450nm gradually decreases in intensity and turns off completely at 6:00 AM. At 6:30 AM, LEDs with wavelengths of 380nm, 510nm, and 580nm gradually decrease in intensity and turn off completely at 7:00 AM.

[0126] Around 17:00, the 510nm LED automatically turns on with gradually increasing intensity. At 18:00, the 450nm LED turns on with gradually increasing intensity. At 19:00, the 510nm LED gradually decreases in intensity and turns off completely at 19:30. At 19:30, the 450nm LED gradually decreases in intensity and turns off completely at 20:00. Compared to the above procedure, the switching time of the lights can be longer or shorter (see...). Figure 9 ).

[0127] Comparative Example 1 (Pool 3):

[0128] In this comparative example, the mechanical oxygenation system included a blower (2.2 kW capacity) connected to 20 oxygen diffusers located at the bottom of the shrimp pond and eight paddlewheel units (2.5 kW) floating on the water surface to mix an oxygen content of approximately 20.5% into the water. The system operated continuously 24 hours a day. During the 70-day growth period, the dissolved oxygen concentration remained consistently below 7 mg / L (see [link to relevant documentation]). Figure 11B ).

[0129] In shrimp ponds employing a mechanical oxygenation system consisting of a blower integrated with a diffuser at the bottom of the pond and a paddlewheel device floating on the water surface, the dissolved oxygen concentration during commercial shrimp farming must not exceed 7 mg / L (see [reference]). Figure 11B Therefore, existing systems struggle to achieve increased shrimp density and high intensification.

[0130] result

[0131] In Experimental Examples 1 and 2, and Comparative Example 1, approximately 32,000 broodstock shrimp (CP Company) aged 30 days with an average weight of 1.82 g were stocked in three intensive commercial shrimp ponds and harvested after 100 days. Shrimp weight results during the rearing period are shown in... Figure 13 Table 2 summarizes the harvest weight, average shrimp weight, survival rate, feed conversion ratio, and astaxanthin content of shrimp in ponds 1, 2, and 3. See also... Figure 14A , Figure 14B and Figure 14C The shrimp harvested in the experimental case showed better quality (due to their rich β-carotene and astaxanthin, resulting in a deeper color).

[0132] Table 2: Shrimp Harvest Results from Ponds 1, 2, and 3

[0133] describe Pool 1 Pool 2 Pool 3 Harvest (tons) 0.924 1.058 0.589 Average weight of shrimp (g / shrimp) 33.6 37.05 27.46 Survival rate (%) 85.9 89.3 66.9 Feed conversion ratio 1.35 1.27 1.60 Astaxanthin content in shrimp (μg / g) 23.17 57.03 18.62 Energy used to produce oxygen (kWh / ton) 2,754 2,405 8,043

[0134] The results above clearly show that, compared with traditional intensive aquaculture methods that utilize mechanical oxygenation systems, the intensive shrimp farming system of the present invention helps to increase the yield of harvested shrimp and reduce the energy used in the entire aquaculture process, thereby improving the efficiency of shrimp farming and reducing production costs.

[0135] The specific embodiments and examples described above are for illustrative purposes only, and this disclosure is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art may make different modifications or additions or use similar substitutions, but these will not fall outside or exceed the scope of this invention, the scope of which is defined by the following claims.

Claims

1. A multi-functional apparatus (200) for intensive shrimp farming, comprising: a support frame (202) for supporting other parts of the apparatus; a water flow generator (220) for generating a stratified water flow with decreasing volume flow from the bottom of a shrimp pond to the surface, the water flow generator (220) comprising an impeller (224), a motor (204) driving the impeller (224) through a drive shaft (206), and a body (222) covering the exterior of the impeller (224), the body having a plate curved into a semi-circle for capturing the water flow inside; a feeder unit (250) for providing industrial and functional food for the shrimp, the feeder unit (250) comprising a first container (252), a lid (254) above the first container (252), a food sensor (256) inside the first container (252) capable of sensing the amount of food inside, a feed output (260) below the first container (252), and a feed dispensing motor (258) placed on top of the feed output (260); a substance supply unit (270) for delivering a substance into the shrimp pond environment, the substance supply unit (270) comprising a second container (272), a crossbar on top of the second container (272), an agitation motor (274) in the middle of the crossbar, a tube (278) below the second container (272) for guiding a solution of the substance to an outlet (280), and an automatic valve (276) on the tube (278) for controlling the amount of the substance to be supplied; a gas dissolving unit (230) for diffusing oxygen into water, the gas dissolving unit (230) comprising a porous ceramic tube (232) and a stainless steel tube (234), a gap between the stainless steel tube (234) and the porous ceramic tube (232), and a stainless steel rod (240) arranged around the porous ceramic tube (232), the stainless steel tube (234) comprising holes, the stainless steel tube (234) being placed inside the porous ceramic tube (232), wherein the gap is filled with sand; wherein the porous ceramic tube (232) is clamped between two circular stainless steel plates (242) by rubber fasteners (238), the circular stainless steel plates (242) are fixed together by bolts (244) passing through both of the circular stainless steel plates (242), and one end of the bolts (244) is fastened to one of the circular stainless steel plates (242) by a rivet (246); a sensor (210) for measuring water quality and sunlight, the water quality comprising dissolved oxygen concentration, pH value, salinity, water temperature, turbidity; and a controller (290) for operating the multi-functional device (200), the controller (290) is connected and communicates with other components including the water flow generator, the feeder unit, the substance supply unit, the gas dissolving unit and the sensor via wired and / or wireless communication, wherein the controller (290) is operable to receive system data information from the sensor, then determine and adjust suitable parameters, and transmit the information to the components to enable the other components to operate according to the defined parameters; wherein the porous ceramic tube (232) has pores with a size less than 1.0 micrometer, the sand includes particles with a diameter between 0.5 mm and 2.0 mm, and the stainless steel rod (240) is arranged around the porous ceramic tube (232) at an angle of 37 degrees.

2. The multi-functional apparatus according to claim 1, wherein The water flow generator (220) operates at a volumetric flow rate between 50 and 1000 m 3 / h.

3. The multi-function device of claim 1, wherein, The device further comprises an indicator light (208) connected with and configured to communicate with the controller (290) to generate an alarm signal in different modes.

4. The multi-function device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, The controller (290) is connected and communicates with external devices through a host server to allow users to remotely operate and control.

5. An intensive shrimp farming system, comprising: a shrimp pond (100) having a brackish water; at least one multi-functional device (200) according to any one of claims 1 to 4 for generating water flow, dissolving molecular oxygen, transporting and dispensing shrimp feed, and providing a solution containing minerals and microorganisms; a pure oxygen supply device (300) for supplying oxygen with a purity higher than 90% to the water in the intensive culture pond; and a porous plate net floating on the water for reducing diffusion of oxygen molecules from the water to the air. The system further comprises a light net for providing artificial light to change the feeding cycle of the shrimp with industrial food and natural food.

6. The intensive shrimp farming system according to claim 5, wherein, The brackish water has a salinity between 5 g / L and 30 g / L, a pH value between 6.0 and 9.0, and an alkalinity greater than 80 mg / L.

7. The intensive shrimp farming system according to claim 5 or 6, wherein, The brackish water contains: a large amount of minerals including cationic compounds of Ca, K, Mg and / or P; 8. The intensive shrimp farming system according to claim 5 or 6, wherein, and trace minerals including cationic compounds of Co, Cu, Fe, I, Mn, Se and / or Zn, and the alkalinity of the brackish water in the shrimp pond is between 80 mg / L and 250 mg / L. The brackish water contains one or more algae selected from the following groups:

9. The intensive shrimp farming system according to claim 5 or 6, wherein, green algae: Chlorella, Microchlorum, Ankistrodesmus, Monodus, Prototheca, Oedogonium, Volvox and Hydrurus; diatoms: Melosira, Chaetoceros, Fragilaria, Peridinium, Skeletonema, Nitzschia and Navicula; spirulina: Spirulina. The brackish water further includes a set of microorganisms for environmental treatment, organic decomposition and toxic gas treatment and / or a set of microorganisms for supporting digestion, increasing resistance and resisting harmful bacteria.

10. The intensive shrimp farming system according to claim 5 or 6, wherein, ​ 11. The intensive shrimp farming system according to claim 5 or 6, wherein, The said mesh of perforated plates consists of perforated plates with a density less than 1 g / L and fixed together.

12. The intensive shrimp farming system of claim 11, wherein, The said perforated plate (500) is made of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyurethane material.

13. The intensive shrimp farming system of claim 6, wherein, The said mesh of lights comprises light with a wavelength between 380 nm and 580 nm, including LEDs emitting violet, blue, green and yellow light.

14. The intensive shrimp farming system of claim 13, wherein, The said mesh of lights automatically turns on at least 2 hours before sunrise with gradually increasing intensity and gradually decreases the intensity and turns off completely at least 2 hours after sunset.

15. The intensive shrimp farming system of claim 14, wherein, The said mesh of lights provides additional artificial light at least 4 hours before sunrise and after sunset.

16. The intensive shrimp farming system according to claim 5 or 6, wherein, The said system operates with a dissolved oxygen concentration always higher than the saturation dissolved oxygen concentration commonly found in current shrimp farming.

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