A portable arthroscopy

Abstract

This invention relates to a portable arthroscopy, comprising a cable connecting the lens, a traction unit for driving the lens to swing, a steering unit behind the lens, and a scope tube. When the steering unit rotates around its axis of rotation, pulling one of the traction units connected to it backward causes the lens to swing toward the side where the traction unit is located. The arthroscopy lens can swing at various angles to introduce light into the joint cavity; the acquired images can be transmitted to a matching terminal device for display. The arthroscopy of this invention has a simple structure and can be used only once to avoid or reduce sterilization work; the small diameter of the scope tube results in smaller incisions and easier handling; the arthroscopy can also have a surgical tool intervention channel, and is equipped with various surgical tools, any one of which can be selected and installed at the intervention channel for joint examination or treatment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a minimally invasive instrument, and more particularly to a portable arthroscopy. Background Technology

[0002] An arthroscopy is an endoscope that allows visualization of the internal structures of a joint. Through a tiny incision in the skin, a probe is inserted into the joint cavity, and a camera and display device are connected to it to directly observe the joint's morphology and lesions. The probe contains a slender metal sheath with a set of lenses and an illumination system inside.

[0003] In addition to arthroscopy, when using surgical instruments (such as probes, hooks, forceps, and planers), some diagnostic or therapeutic procedures can be performed directly inside the joint, thus avoiding open joint surgery. However, in order to use arthroscopy and certain instruments at the same time, it requires the hands of medical staff or the cooperation of multiple people. Moreover, the instruments that enter through another incision will deviate slightly from the location observed through arthroscopy, which places higher demands on the operation of medical staff.

[0004] Traditional arthroscopy is usually performed in the operating room, not only because the main unit used (such as equipment for image processing, display, light source, power supply, etc.) is large, but also because most of the probes are reusable and need to be sterilized before each use.

[0005] In addition, traditional arthroscopy is limited by the technology of the optical system such as the lens and illumination inside the probe, or if many components need to be placed in the sheath to make the arthroscopy have multiple functions, the sheath needs to have a large enough internal capacity. Such probes and sheaths are very thick, which requires creating a larger incision to insert them into the body. After the operation, the incision needs to be sutured, which is not only cumbersome, but also limits the use of arthroscopy to the operating room in order to meet the corresponding sterile requirements.

[0006] Traditional arthroscopy features a relatively thick endoscope, providing a wide field of view. However, the larger outer diameter increases the size of the incision. To reduce incision size, the diameter of the arthroscopy needs to be reduced. Due to limitations in current camera technology (the smallest outer diameter of cameras on the market is approximately 1.8mm), small-diameter arthroscopy can only use image transmission bundles (with an outer diameter of 0.6-0.7mm) for image transmission. These bundles limit the field of view of the objective lens. Furthermore, because the objective lens of a traditional arthroscopy cannot be moved, the viewer can only see the surface opposite the arthroscopy body, resulting in a limited observation range. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the numerous problems existing in the prior art, this invention provides a portable arthroscope with a simple structure that is convenient for medical personnel to operate and use.

[0008] The technical solution of the present invention is to provide an arthroscope, comprising:

[0009] The lens, the steering unit, the lens tube, and the handle located at the rear of the lens tube are connected sequentially at the front and rear ends.

[0010] The lens is used to acquire images; several cables that provide illumination to the lens and transmit images, and two traction parts for driving the lens to swing, are installed inside the steering part and the lens tube;

[0011] The rear ends of the plurality of cables are respectively connected to a plurality of devices at the handle that provide lighting and process images;

[0012] A central axis is defined, which corresponds to the axis of the endoscope tube and extends forward and backward respectively; the arthroscope is also provided with a steering drive unit, which includes a rotary part that can rotate clockwise or counterclockwise about the rotation axis respectively; the rotation axis is perpendicular to the central axis.

[0013] The two traction parts are located on both sides of the central axis, and the front ends of the two traction parts are respectively connected to both sides of the lens, and the rear ends are respectively connected to both sides of the rotating part; either side of the central axis is called the first side, and the other side is called the second side.

[0014] When the rotating part rotates in one direction around the rotation axis, it pulls the traction part on the first side backward and causes the lens to swing towards the first side at least; when the rotating part rotates in the other direction around the rotation axis, it pulls the traction part on the second side backward and causes the lens to swing towards the second side at least.

[0015] Optionally, the steering part includes one or more steering joints, and each steering joint has a latch at its front end and rear end; the rear end of the lens and the front end of the lens tube are also provided with latches; any latch and the other latch that docks with it form a relatively swingable connection.

[0016] The lens, steering joint, and lens tube are connected in sequence by these clips, and there are gaps between the parts next to each clip, corresponding to the first side and the second side respectively; when the gap on one side decreases, the gap on the other side increases accordingly.

[0017] When the steering part is provided with a steering joint, the lens and the steering joint form a combination that can swing together. When the traction part on the first side or the second side is pulled backward, it drives the lens and the steering joint to swing towards the first side or the second side at the same time, thereby reducing the gap between the lens and the steering joint, and between the steering joint and the lens tube on the first side or the second side.

[0018] Alternatively, when the steering unit is equipped with multiple steering joints, the lens and the multiple steering joints form a combination that can swing together. When the traction part on the first or second side is pulled backward, it causes all the components in the combination to swing towards the first or second side at the same time, thereby reducing the gap between the lens and the first steering joint, between adjacent steering joints, and between the last steering joint and the lens tube on the first or second side.

[0019] Optionally, when the rotating part rotates, if one of the traction parts is pulled backward, the backward pulling force is transmitted through the traction part on this side to drive the lens and the assembly to swing, and the traction part on the other side moves forward under the drive of the lens.

[0020] Alternatively, when the rotating part rotates, it pulls one side of the traction part backward and pushes the other side of the traction part forward; then the two traction parts transmit the backward pulling force and the forward pushing force respectively, so that the lens and the assembly it is in swing towards the side of the traction part that is pulled backward under the combined action of the two traction parts.

[0021] The steering part includes one or more steering joints, and each steering joint has a latch at its front end and rear end; the rear end of the lens and the front end of the lens tube are also provided with latches; any latch and the other latch that docks with it form a relatively swingable connection.

[0022] The lens, steering joint, and lens tube are connected in sequence by these clips, and there are gaps between the parts next to each clip, corresponding to the first side and the second side respectively; when the gap on one side decreases, the gap on the other side increases accordingly.

[0023] When the steering part is provided with a steering joint, the lens and the steering joint form a combination that can swing together. When the traction part on the first side or the second side is pulled backward, it drives the lens and the steering joint to swing towards the first side or the second side at the same time, thereby reducing the gap between the lens and the steering joint, and between the steering joint and the lens tube on the first side or the second side.

[0024] Alternatively, when the steering unit is provided with multiple steering joints, the lens and the multiple steering joints form a combination that can swing together. When the traction part on the first or second side is pulled backward, it drives all the components in the combination to swing towards the first or second side at the same time, thereby reducing the gap between the lens and the first steering joint, between adjacent steering joints, and between the last steering joint and the lens tube on the first or second side.

[0025] When the rotating part rotates, it pulls one of the traction parts backward, and the backward pulling force is transmitted through the traction part on this side to drive the lens and the assembly to swing. The traction part on the other side moves forward under the drive of the lens.

[0026] Alternatively, when the rotating part rotates, it pulls one side of the traction part backward and pushes the other side of the traction part forward; then the two traction parts transmit the backward pulling force and the forward pushing force respectively, so that the lens and the assembly it is in swing towards the side of the traction part that is pulled backward under the combined action of the two traction parts.

[0027] Optionally, the arthroscope is provided with a surgical tool intervention channel, which is located inside the lens, the steering part, and the endoscope tube; the surgical tool intervention channel is a single intervention channel, or multiple intervention channels that are interconnected and sequentially sealed.

[0028] Optionally, the lens tube connects to the handle via a composite connector located at its rear; the assembly of the lens, steering unit, lens tube, and composite connector may be detachably connected to the handle or may not be detachable.

[0029] Optionally, the integrated connector has an axial channel arranged along the central axis and communicating with the surgical tool intervention channel.

[0030] Optionally, several surgical instruments compatible with the arthroscopy can be alternatively installed into the surgical instrument access channel. Optionally, the surgical instruments can be mechanical or non-mechanical.

[0031] Optionally, the surgical tool has a treatment section at its front end, which can swing with the movement of the lens; when the surgical tool is installed into the surgical tool intervention channel, the treatment section is located in front of the surgical tool intervention channel; optionally, the treatment section is a contact type or a non-contact type.

[0032] Optionally, the rear end of the surgical tool is mounted at the front end of the surgical tool intervention channel; or, the surgical tool is further provided with a transmission component at the rear of the treatment section.

[0033] For surgical instruments with transmission components, if the handle is provided with a through channel arranged along the central axis and communicating with the axial channel, then the transmission component passes through the surgical instrument intervention channel, the axial channel and the through channel.

[0034] The rear end of the transmission component is directly connected to or connected via an intermediate component to a manual or power tool that can operate the surgical tool within the through channel; or the rear end of the transmission component is exposed outside the operation interface at the rear end of the through channel, serving as an operation end that allows the user to directly operate the surgical tool, or directly connected to or connected via an intermediate component to a manual or power tool that can operate the surgical tool.

[0035] For surgical instruments with transmission components, if the handle does not have a through channel, the transmission component passes through the surgical instrument intervention channel and the axial channel; the rear end of the transmission component is directly connected or connected via an intermediate component to a manual or electric tool that can operate the surgical instrument within the axial channel.

[0036] Optionally, the operation performed on the surgical tool includes performing the treatment within the joint cavity using the surgical tool, and / or rotating the surgical tool about a central axis.

[0037] Optionally, one of the surgical tools used with arthroscopy is a planer drill, which has a planer drill bit at the front end as a treatment part, exposed in front of the surgical tool intervention channel, and can swing with the movement of the lens.

[0038] Optionally, the transmission component of the planing drill includes a transmission joint disposed at the rear end of the planing drill and a flexible transmission shaft connected between the planing drill bit and the transmission joint; the planing drill further includes any one of A1 to A4;

[0039] A1. The flexible drive shaft passes through the surgical tool intervention channel and the axial channel, and the drive joint is connected to a manual tool or a power tool via an intermediate component; the intermediate component includes a first coupling, the front end of which is connected to the drive joint, and further includes any one of A11 to A14:

[0040] A11. The rear end of the first coupling is connected to the first rotating shaft of the motor; the motor is located at the handle.

[0041] A12. The rear end of the first coupling is connected to the first shaft of the motor; the motor and the device for controlling its opening or closing are located at the handle; the device includes a trigger exposed on the surface of the handle and a proximity switch for detecting the position of the trigger; by operating the trigger, the position of the trigger changes, and when the proximity switch detects the trigger, the motor is turned on, causing the first shaft to rotate; or, when the proximity switch cannot detect the trigger, the motor is turned off, causing the first shaft to stop rotating;

[0042] A13. The intermediate component further includes a second rotating shaft, the front end of which is connected to the rear end of the first coupling; the second rotating shaft is disposed at the handle; the rear end of the second rotating shaft is exposed outside the operation interface at the rear end of the through channel, serving as an operation end for the user to directly operate the surgical tool, or for connecting external manual or power tools.

[0043] A14. The intermediate component further includes a second rotating shaft, the front end of which is connected to the rear end of the first coupling; the second rotating shaft is disposed at the handle; the rear end of the second rotating shaft is located in the through channel, and the drive unit of the hand tool or power tool is connected to the rear end of the second rotating shaft through an operation interface;

[0044] The first coupling described in any one of A11 to A14 is disposed at the assembly of the lens, the steering part, the lens tube and the integrated joint, and the rear end of the first coupling extends out of the assembly to connect to the first rotating shaft or the second rotating shaft; or, the first coupling described in any one of A11 to A14 is disposed at the handle, and the front end of the first coupling extends out of the handle to connect to the transmission joint at the assembly.

[0045] A2. The flexible transmission shaft passes through the surgical tool intervention channel and the axial channel, and the transmission joint is located in the axial channel; the drive part of the manual tool or power tool enters the integrated joint through the operation interface and the through channel to connect to the transmission joint.

[0046] A3. The flexible transmission shaft passes through the surgical tool intervention channel, axial channel and through channel. The transmission joint is exposed outside the operation interface at the rear end of the through channel. It serves as an operation end that allows the user to directly operate the surgical tool, or it can be used to directly connect or connect to external manual or power tools through an intermediate component.

[0047] A4. The flexible transmission shaft passes through the surgical tool intervention channel, axial channel and through channel. The transmission joint is located in the through channel. The drive part of the manual tool or power tool is connected to the transmission joint through the operation interface.

[0048] Optionally, the planing drill further includes: B. A protective sleeve is provided on the outside of the planing drill bit, the protective sleeve has openings in some positions and is covered in other positions, and the planing drill bit is exposed at the openings of the protective sleeve; when the planing drill bit rotates around the central axis, the protective sleeve connected to the lens does not rotate.

[0049] Optionally, one of the surgical tools used with arthroscopy is an injection needle, which is installed at the front end of the surgical tool intervention channel, and the opening at the front end of the injection needle communicates with the interior of the surgical tool intervention channel.

[0050] The integrated connector behind the endoscope tube is also used to install an injection connector valve; the connector pipe of the injection connector valve is located at a pipe installation hole opened in the integrated connector.

[0051] The connector pipeline is provided with an injection channel; the first end of the injection channel is open and communicates with the axial channel inside the integrated connector; the second end of the injection channel is open and is used to connect a container for holding media or a device for conveying media.

[0052] A passage for the flow of medium is formed from the opening at the tip of the injection needle, the injection channel of the connected injection needle, surgical tool intervention channel, axial channel and connector tubing, to the container for holding the medium or the device for transporting the medium; the medium is a fluid.

[0053] Optionally, the injection needle further comprises any one of C1 to C6:

[0054] C1. The connector pipe of the injection connector valve serves as a rotating part, and the axial direction of the injection channel of the connector pipe corresponds to the rotation axis; the rear ends of the two traction parts are respectively connected to the two sides of the connector pipe. When the connector pipe rotates around the rotation axis and pulls the traction parts backward, the lens and the assembly therein can swing toward the side where the traction parts are pulled backward.

[0055] C2. The injection connector valve includes a valve knob that can connect or disconnect the injection channel; the valve knob includes a knob part and a plug part, the plug part being disposed in a socket of the injection channel, the socket dividing the injection channel into two sections; driven by the knob part, the plug part rotates within the socket to switch the open or closed state of the injection connector valve; when the plug part rotates to the first position, the two injection channels are connected to each other through the channel inside the plug part, and the injection connector valve is in the open state; when the plug part rotates to the second position, the channel inside the plug part is offset from the two injection channels, the plug part blocks the two injection channels from each other, and the injection connector valve is in the closed state;

[0056] C3. A locking structure is provided between the outer wall of the connector pipe of the injection connector valve and the inner wall of the pipe mounting hole of the integrated connector to prevent the connector pipe from coming out; the locking structure includes at least one groove on the inner wall of the pipe mounting hole and at least one protrusion on the outer wall of the connector pipe; when the connector pipe is inserted into the opening of the pipe mounting hole, the protrusion is embedded in the groove.

[0057] C4. The connector pipe of the injection connector valve serves as a rotating part, and the axial direction of the injection channel of the connector pipe corresponds to the rotation axis; a locking structure is provided between the outer wall of the connector pipe of the injection connector valve and the inner wall of the pipe mounting hole of the integrated connector to prevent the connector pipe from coming out; the locking structure includes at least one groove on the inner wall of the pipe mounting hole and at least one protrusion on the outer wall of the connector pipe; when the connector pipe is inserted into the opening of the pipe mounting hole, the protrusion is embedded in the groove; wherein, the groove of the locking structure is an annular groove or an arc-shaped groove segment that matches the rotatable angle range of the connector pipe;

[0058] C5. The outer wall of the connector pipe is provided with a cover, and when the connector pipe is inserted into the opening of the pipe installation hole, the cover will cover the opening of the pipe installation hole.

[0059] C6. The connector pipe of the injection connector valve serves as a rotating part, and the axial direction of the injection channel of the connector pipe corresponds to the rotation axis. A cover is provided on the outer wall of the connector pipe, and when the connector pipe is inserted into the opening of the pipe mounting hole, the cover covers the opening of the pipe mounting hole. The cover is also opposite to a flange face provided on the integrated connector, and the flange face is arranged around the opening of the pipe mounting hole. The integrated connector also has two channels, through which two traction parts are respectively inserted and their respective extension directions are changed. The openings of these two channels are located on the flange face. A certain gap is left between the cover and the flange face to accommodate the rear sections of the two traction parts. The rear sections of the two traction parts pass through the openings of these two channels respectively and are connected to both sides of the connector pipe respectively.

[0060] Optionally, the rear end of the integrated connector is provided with a connector sealing cover for docking with the handle; the connector sealing cover is provided with a plurality of docking ports, which are correspondingly connected to the rear ends of a plurality of cables providing lighting and transmitting images; when the connector sealing cover is docked with the handle, the plurality of docking ports are used to correspondingly connect a plurality of devices providing lighting and processing images at the handle, so that the devices are docked with the cables.

[0061] Optionally, the joint sealing cover plate is provided with a through hole through which the transmission component, or the intermediate component, or the drive part of the hand tool or power tool can pass.

[0062] Optionally, when the integrated connector is connected to a handle with a through channel, the integrated connector may or may not have a closing mechanism.

[0063] The closure mechanism includes a closure valve and a valve stent; the front opening of the valve stent communicates with the axial channel within the integrated connector, and further communicates with the surgical tool intervention channel; the rear opening of the valve stent is covered by the closure valve.

[0064] The closed-loop valve has a valve nozzle aligned with a through hole on the connector sealing cover. When a component passes through the valve nozzle, the valve nozzle opens; when no component passes through and the closed-loop valve is subjected to pressure from the surgical tool intervention channel, the valve nozzle closes.

[0065] Optionally, a sealing ring is provided between the front end face of the valve stent and the interface in the integrated connector opposite to the front end face of the valve stent; the sealing ring is interference-fitted with the outer diameter of the component passing through the valve nozzle, and the sealing ring undergoes elastic deformation when the component passes through the valve nozzle; wherein, the component passing through the valve nozzle includes a transmission component, or an intermediate component, or the drive part of the manual tool or power tool.

[0066] Optionally, the assembly of the lens, steering unit, and lens tube is detachably connected to the handle, or it may not be detachable; the steering drive unit is located within the assembly or within the handle.

[0067] The steering drive unit is provided with a support mechanism for rotatably mounting the rotary part in the assembly or handle; the steering drive unit also includes two connecting rods, which are respectively disposed on both sides of the rotary part; the rear ends of the two traction units are respectively disposed at the two connecting rods; each of the two connecting rods has one end connected to the rotary part, and at least one connecting rod has a toggle button at the other end;

[0068] The toggle switch is exposed outside the housing surface of the assembly or handle where the steering drive unit is located; when the toggle switch is moved forward or backward, it drives the connecting rod connected to it to move forward or backward, causing the rotary unit to rotate around the rotary axis, and driving another connecting rod to move backward or forward.

[0069] The rearward-moving link is used to pull the traction part connected to the link backward, thereby causing the lens to swing at least towards the side where the traction part is located.

[0070] Optionally, the exposed surface of the toggle button is provided with a non-slip texture; the texture includes a concave-convex structure that is recessed toward the rotating part and convex toward the non-rotating part.

[0071] Optionally, the housing of the assembly or handle where the steering drive unit is located is provided with a strip-shaped slot that matches the forward and backward movement range of the toggle button; at least one pair of interface points between the toggle button and the slot, arranged in the forward and backward direction, are provided with a mechanism for controlling the lens to swing at different angles.

[0072] In the mechanism, the interface on one side of the toggle button has multiple fan-shaped grooves, which are arranged continuously or at intervals along the front-back direction; the interface on one side of the slot has a protrusion or multiple protrusions spaced back-to-back, each protrusion can match any groove that is currently moved to its position; as the toggle button moves, the lens swings by a preset angle each time the protrusion switches to a groove.

[0073] Optionally, the lens includes a camera with a light source; several cables passing through the inside of the steering part and the lens tube are used to transmit electrical power to the camera and its light source, and also to transmit signals corresponding to the images captured by the camera.

[0074] Alternatively, the lens may include a plurality of lenses in the objective lens section;

[0075] The inside of the steering part and the lens tube contains several cables, including several image transmission beams and several illumination beams; the front end of the image transmission beam is connected to several lenses of the objective lens, and its rear end is connected to the image processing module at the handle; or, the rear end of the image transmission beam is connected to several lenses of the eyepiece at the handle, and the several lenses of the eyepiece are then connected to the image processing module.

[0076] When the illumination beam has two fiber bundles serving as two traction sections, the front end of the traction section is connected to the objective lens section, and its rear end is connected to the rotating section or to the light source located on the rotating section; the front end of other illumination beams is connected to several lenses of the objective lens section, and its rear end is connected to the light source located on the handle.

[0077] Alternatively, all traction units are set independently; when the fiber bundle in the illumination beam is not used as a traction unit, the front end of all illumination beams is connected to several lenses in the objective lens section, and the rear end is connected to a light source set at the handle.

[0078] Optionally, the images obtained through arthroscopy are transmitted via wired or wireless means to an external terminal device for display and / or storage; the arthroscopy handle is provided with integrated wiring, on which are arranged:

[0079] A central processing module is used to control the operation of other modules; the central processing module is also connected to the camera or image processing module; the camera or the image processing module with image processing function is used to output the electrical signal corresponding to the image to the central processing module;

[0080] The first communication module is signal-connected to the central processing module and is used to acquire the electrical signal and convert it into a communication signal that can be transmitted to the terminal device; the terminal device is provided with a second communication module that can at least receive the communication signal and is also used to convert the communication signal into data that can be displayed by a display device set by the terminal device and / or data that can be stored by a storage module set by the terminal device.

[0081] A power module, connected to a power source, is used to power the electrical components in the arthroscope; the power source is integrated into the handle and can be charged via a charging port located on the handle; or the power source is removable from the handle for replacement or charging; or the power source is an independent external power source connected to the arthroscope via wired or wireless means.

[0082] A port for interfacing with a control button; the control button is exposed on the surface of the handle housing for controlling the arthroscope;

[0083] When a light source is provided at the handle, the integrated circuit also has a port that interfaces with the light source.

[0084] When the handle is equipped with a power tool that can operate surgical instruments mounted on the arthoscope, the integrated circuit also has a port that interfaces with the power tool and its control device.

[0085] Optionally, the arthroscopy further includes any one of D to R:

[0086] D. The device used with the arthroscope includes a puncture cone; the puncture cone is installed into the surgical tool intervention channel of the arthroscope, so that when the puncture cone and the arthroscope form an assembly, the blade at the front end of the puncture cone is used to puncture the skin tissue at the joint cavity; the lens, steering part and endoscope tube of the arthroscope are inserted into the joint cavity as the puncture cone is inserted; when the puncture cone is removed, a surgical channel is established between the joint cavity and the outside through the surgical tool intervention channel, axial channel and through channel arranged along the central axis of the arthroscope and interconnected with each other;

[0087] E. The device used with the arthroscope includes a puncture cannula and a puncture cone; when the puncture cannula and the inserted puncture cone form an assembly, the blade at the tip of the puncture cone is used to puncture the skin tissue in the joint cavity; when the puncture cone is removed and the puncture cannula is left in place, a surgical channel is established between the joint cavity and the outside of the body through the puncture cannula; the lens, steering part and endoscope tube of the arthroscope can be inserted into the joint cavity through the surgical channel established by the puncture cannula;

[0088] F. A hollow, flexible protective bushing is provided at the steering part, and the protective bushing is located inside the steering joint or surrounds the outside of the steering joint.

[0089] G. A hollow, flexible protective bushing is provided at the steering part, and the protective bushing is located inside the steering joint; the outer wall of the steering joint has multiple axial grooves for placing a portion of the cable, and the interior of the steering joint is used to pass through another portion of the cable.

[0090] H. A hollow, flexible protective bushing is provided at the steering part, located outside the steering joint; the outer wall of the protective bushing is smooth.

[0091] I. The latches at the rear end of each steering joint and the latches at the rear end of the lens are male latches, and the latches at the front end of each steering joint and the latches at the front end of the lens tube are female latches; or, the latches at the rear end of each steering joint and the latches at the rear end of the lens are female latches, and the latches at the front end of each steering joint and the latches at the front end of the lens tube are male latches.

[0092] J. The lens, the steering joint, and the lens tube have a first or second side gap between the parts next to their respective latches, and the swing angle corresponding to each segment of the gap on each side is 15°.

[0093] K. The maximum swing angle of the lens on the first side and the second side is 60° respectively; when either side reaches the maximum swing angle, the gap of each segment on that side is reduced to zero;

[0094] L. The maximum swing angle of the lens on the first side and the second side is 60° respectively; when either side reaches the maximum swing angle, the gap of each segment on that side is reduced to zero.

[0095] When the lens includes an objective lens, the illumination angle of the illumination beam in the cable on each side is 22.5°~30°. After adding the maximum swing angle on each side, the angle of view of the arthroscope on each side is 82.5°~90°.

[0096] Alternatively, if the lens includes a camera with a light source, and the camera has a viewing angle of 60° on each side, then after adding the maximum swing angle on each side, the arthroscopy has a viewing angle of 120° on each side.

[0097] M. The lens, steering part, and endoscope tube of the arthroscope are inserted into the joint cavity through a surgical channel established by a puncture cannula that is compatible with the arthroscope; the outer diameter of the puncture cannula is less than 3.4 mm.

[0098] N. When there is no surgical instrument intervention channel, the outer diameter of the endoscope tube is 1.0 mm, 1.2 mm, 1.5 mm, or 2.0 mm; when there is a surgical instrument intervention channel, the outer diameter of the endoscope tube is approximately 3.0 mm.

[0099] O. When the lens includes an objective lens, the arthroscope has a viewing angle of 82.5° to 90° on each side; or, when the lens includes a camera with a light source, the arthroscope has a viewing angle of 120° on each side; wherein, when there is no surgical instrument intervention channel, the outer diameter of the endoscope tube is 1.0 mm, 1.2 mm, 1.5 mm, or 2.0 mm; when there is a surgical instrument intervention channel, the outer diameter of the endoscope tube is approximately 3.0 mm;

[0100] P. When the lens includes an objective lens part, the viewing angle of the arthroscope on each side is 82.5° - 90°; or, when the lens includes a camera with a light source, the viewing angle of the arthroscope on each side is 120°; wherein, when there is no surgical tool insertion channel, the outer diameter of the lens tube is 1.0 mm or 1.2 mm or 1.5 mm or 2.0 mm; when there is a surgical tool insertion channel, the outer diameter of the lens tube is about 3.0 mm; the lens, steering part and lens tube of the arthroscope are inserted into the joint cavity through the surgical channel established by the puncture cannula配套 with the arthroscope, and the outer diameter of the puncture cannula is below 3.4 mm;

[0101] Q. The combination of the lens, steering part and lens tube is detachably connected to the handle; the combination is for single use;

[0102] R. The lens, steering part and lens tube are non - detachably connected to the handle; the arthroscope is for single use.

[0103] Optionally, the treatment part of the surgical tool includes any one of the following:

[0104] The treatment part contacts the tissues or structures in the joint cavity and performs surgical operations on them;

[0105] The treatment part performs surgical operations by releasing a specified substance into the joint cavity;

[0106] The treatment part performs surgical operations by generating a specified substance in the joint cavity;

[0107] The treatment part performs surgical operations by aspirating a specified substance from the joint cavity.

[0108] Compared with the prior art, the arthroscope of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0109] In the arthroscope of the present invention example, in the components such as the lens to the lens tube that need to be inserted into the body, only elements such as an objective lens (or camera) and cables for providing illumination or transmitting images need to be provided. In this way, components such as the lens to the lens tube can be made very thin (and, the internal components will become smaller and smaller with the development of technology, which can further reduce the outer diameter of components such as the lens to the lens tube), so that the wound after examining the joint cavity is very small, easy to handle, and even does not need to be treated.

[0110] The arthroscope of this invention is equipped with a variety of surgical tools. There are no restrictions on the type, structure, or working principle of the surgical tools; any instrument or device capable of performing surgical operations within the joint cavity can be used. The surgical tools can be mechanical or non-mechanical; their treatment units can be contact or non-contact; the surgical tools may lack transmission components, or they may drive transmission components and thus the treatment unit to perform corresponding operations through various methods. The intervention channels for installing the surgical tools can be reusable, meaning that only one type of surgical tool can be installed at a time. Therefore, the intervention channels added to components such as the lens and endoscope tube do not need to be very thick or numerous. This allows the arthroscope to be multifunctional while still allowing the components to be inserted into the body to remain very thin, facilitating subsequent processing.

[0111] The arthroscope of this invention can be used in conjunction with a puncture cannula. Components such as the lens to endoscope tube (including or without an interventional channel) are inserted into a surgical channel created by the puncture cannula between the joint cavity and the outside of the body. Alternatively, the arthroscope of this invention can be used directly with a puncture cone without the need for a separate puncture cannula. The puncture cone is installed into the interventional channel of the arthroscope, and the tip of the puncture cone punctures the skin tissue at the joint cavity, allowing the lens to endoscope tube and other components of the arthroscope to be inserted into the joint cavity. Thus, a surgical channel connecting the joint cavity and the outside of the body is created through the channel opened by the arthroscope. The arthroscope of this invention may also include a closure mechanism to prevent fluid from flowing out of the joint cavity through the channel opened by the arthroscope.

[0112] The arthroscope of this invention can introduce light into the joint cavity and transmit the acquired images to a matching terminal device for display. Therefore, compared with traditional imaging diagnostic methods (such as MRI), it can directly and accurately observe the condition inside the cavity (especially the degree of soft tissue damage, including cartilage damage, which is difficult to diagnose based on traditional indirect imaging).

[0113] The arthroscope of this invention has a steering function, and the lens (and surgical instruments installed at the front end of the intervention channel) can be rotated by two traction units connected to the rotating part. The lens, several steering joints, and the endoscope tube are connected in a rotatable manner by matching snaps. By controlling, for example, the number of steering joints and the spacing between adjacent parts next to the snaps, the maximum swing angle of the lens and the field of view of the arthroscope can be set.

[0114] Compared with traditional arthroscopy, the present invention increases the imaging field of view of the arthroscopy by setting a steering part behind the lens, which makes up for the limited field of view caused by the setting of the image transmission bundle. In some examples of the present invention, part of the image transmission bundle can also be used as a traction part, which effectively simplifies the component structure and reduces the diameter of components such as the lens and the endoscope tube (because it can avoid setting an additional traction device in it).

[0115] Traditional arthroscopy, where a hole is drilled on one side of the joint cavity to insert a fixed-position lens, often limits the field of view, allowing observation only of the front of the lesion (the side directly facing the insertion direction). If a full examination is needed, another hole must be drilled in one or more other locations within the joint cavity (e.g., posterior or obliquely posterior) to view the back of the lesion. In contrast, this invention, with its arthroscopy featuring a tilting lens, expands the field of view. From the current insertion position, the back of objects within the joint cavity opposite the endoscope can be seen, increasing the observation range of the lesion. This reduces the number of holes required, facilitating operation for medical staff, effectively reducing surgical trauma, and lowering the risk of complications or infection.

[0116] The arthroscopes in the various examples of this invention are small in size, easy to carry, and have no special requirements for the usage environment. They can be used in various indoor and outdoor locations such as doctors' clinics and sports fields to help doctors make accurate diagnoses or perform minimally invasive surgeries. Due to the small size and simple structure of the product, the entire arthroscope (or part of it) can also be designed for single use, avoiding (or reducing) the workload of repeated sterilization of the arthroscope and making it convenient for medical staff to operate. Attached Figure Description

[0117] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the arthroscope and the equipment used in conjunction with it in Embodiment 1;

[0118] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the arthroscope in Example 1;

[0119] Figure 3 This is a side view of the arthroscope tube and beam arrangement in Embodiment 1.

[0120] Figure 4 These are top and right views of the arthroscope in Embodiment 1, from the objective lens section to part of the endoscope tube.

[0121] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the protective bushing in the arthroscope of Embodiment 1;

[0122] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the mechanism used for steering in the arthroscopy of Embodiment 1;

[0123] Figure 7 This is a side view of the arthroscope in Embodiment 1 and an enlarged schematic diagram of the toggle switch therein;

[0124] Figure 8 This is an example of the control principle of the arthroscopy in Embodiment 1;

[0125] Figure 9This is another example of the control principle of the arthroscopy in Embodiment 1;

[0126] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the arthroscopy connected to the planing drill in Embodiment 2;

[0127] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the handle component in the arthroscope of Embodiment 2;

[0128] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the arthroscopic connector sealing cover in Embodiment 2;

[0129] Figure 13 This is an exploded view of the anterior half of the arthroscope in Example 2;

[0130] Figure 14 This is a side view of the objective lens section in the arthroscope of Embodiment 2;

[0131] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the planing drill in the arthroscopy of Example 2;

[0132] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the injection needle in the arthroscopy of Example 2;

[0133] Figure 17 This is a cross-sectional view of the injection connector valve in Embodiment 2;

[0134] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the mechanism for driving the lens to swing in the arthroscope of Embodiment 2;

[0135] Figure 19 This is a left view of the handle component in the arthroscopy of Embodiment 2;

[0136] Figure 20 This is a cross-sectional view of the arthroscope in Example 2 when the planing drill is assembled.

[0137] Figure 21 This is a cross-sectional view of the arthroscope in Example 2 when the injection needle is assembled;

[0138] Figure 22 This is a schematic diagram of the arthroscope in Example 3 when it is not connected to the surgical instruments;

[0139] Figure 23 This is a cross-sectional view of the arthroscope in Example 3;

[0140] Figure 24 This is a schematic diagram of the arthroscopic closure mechanism in Embodiment 3;

[0141] Figure 25 This is a cross-sectional view of the arthroscopic closure mechanism in Embodiment 3;

[0142] Figure 26 This is a schematic diagram of the treatment section structure of some different types of surgical instruments. Detailed Implementation

[0143] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0144] Example 1

[0145] Figure 1 The arthroscope 1 described in Embodiment 1 is shown, and the arthroscope used in conjunction with it includes a terminal device, a puncture cannula 3, and a puncture cone 4.

[0146] During operation, the puncture cone 4 is first inserted into the puncture cannula 3 of a matching size to form a component. After the tip of the puncture cone 4 pierces the skin tissue of the joint cavity, the puncture cone 4 is withdrawn, leaving the puncture cannula 3 in place. This establishes a surgical channel between the joint cavity and the outside through the puncture cannula 3. Through this channel established by the puncture cannula 3, the arthroscope 1, including the objective lens 101, the steering part 113, and the endoscope tube 102, can be inserted. Figure 2 The device is inserted into the joint cavity, and then the intra-articular environment is observed through a terminal device connected to the arthroscope 1 via a signal. The example terminal device is a mobile terminal 2.

[0147] like Figure 2 In the arthoscope 1 shown, the front end of the endoscope tube 102 is connected to the steering part 113, and the rear end is connected to the handle; the front end of the steering part 113 is connected to the objective lens part 101. The dimensions of the objective lens part 101, the steering part 113, and the endoscope tube 102 are matched with the puncture cannula 3, and their outer diameters are all smaller than the inner diameter of the front part of the puncture cannula 3, so that they can enter the joint cavity through the channel established in the body of the puncture cannula 3.

[0148] Most of the illumination beam 104 and the image transmission beam 103 pass through the hollow space formed by the turning part 113 and the inside of the mirror tube 102. See also... Figure 3 The image transmission beam 103 is located at the center, approximately on the axis of the lens tube 102, and may be composed of multiple strands of flexible glass fiber or a single strand of flexible glass fiber; the illumination beam 104 comprises multiple independent strands of flexible glass fiber, which are distributed around the periphery of the image transmission beam 103. The materials, quantities, and their distribution positions on the respective cross-sections of the two beams described herein are illustrative and not intended to be limiting.

[0149] The front end of the image transmission beam 103 is connected to the rear end of the imaging objective lens of the objective lens section 101; the front end of the illumination beam 104 is connected to the illumination section of the objective lens section 101, in this example the illumination section surrounds the imaging objective lens (but the number, position, etc. can be adjusted according to the actual needs of optical processing). The rear end of the illumination beam 104 is connected to the light source 105, transmitting the light emitted by the light source 105 to the front end of the arthroscope 1, illuminating the joint cavity; alternatively, the illumination beam 104 can be connected to the front end of the objective lens section 101, with the fiber bundle therein serving as the illumination section (with mounting holes for the fiber bundle to pass through), or the illumination section can guide the light transmitted by the illumination beam 104 to other lenses around the imaging objective lens. The light reflected from the object in the joint cavity is converged by the imaging objective lens of the objective lens section 101, and then transmitted through the image transmission beam 103 to the eyepiece section 110 connected to its rear end. After optical processing by several lenses of the eyepiece section 110, it is acquired and processed by the camera or other image processing module 109. The rear end of the lens tube 102 is disposed inside the handle, and the remaining parts of the illumination beam 104 and the image transmission beam 103 pass out from the rear end of the lens tube 102 and are respectively connected to the light source 105 and the eyepiece 110 disposed inside the handle.

[0150] See also Figure 2 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 As shown, the handle of the arthroscope 1 includes a handle housing 111, inside which a steering drive unit 112 is disposed. The steering drive unit 112 is located approximately axially rearward of the endoscope tube 102 and is connected to the rear ends of two traction units 1041 and 1042. The front ends of the two traction units 1041 and 1042 pass through the endoscope tube 102 and the steering unit 113 and connect to the objective lens 101. For ease of description, a central axis B is defined, which corresponds to the axis of the endoscope tube 102 and extends infinitely forward and backward, respectively. When the swing angle of the objective lens 101 and the steering unit 113 is zero, their axes both correspond to the central axis B. The two traction units 1041 and 1042 are located on both sides of the central axis B, and either side is referred to as the first side and the other side as the second side. The portions of the two traction units 1041 and 1042 that pass through the endoscope tube 102 are parallel to the central axis B.

[0151] In this example, two fiber bundles of the illumination beam 104 are used as traction components; these two fiber bundles are approximately opposite each other in the radial direction of the lens tube 102 (see [link]). Figure 4 Light can be guided without these two fiber bundles, or a corresponding light source (not shown) can be separately configured for these two fiber bundles on the steering drive unit 112. In other examples, instead of occupying the illumination beam 104, two additional traction units 1041 and 1042 can be arranged at locations in the lens tube 102, steering unit 113, and objective lens unit 101 that do not affect the illumination beam 104 or the image transmission beam 103.

[0152] The rotating part 1120 of the steering drive unit 112 has a shaft hole 1125, which is connected to a rotating shaft (not shown). The axial ends of the rotating shaft are rotatably mounted in suitable positions on the handle housing 111, bearing the entire steering drive unit 112 and allowing the rotating shaft to rotate about its axis A when driven by other components. This axis A is perpendicular to the central axis B. Connecting rods 1121 are provided on both sides of the rotating part 1120 (approximately the radially opposite sides of the shaft hole 1125), and each connecting rod 1121 has a toggle button 1122 at its other end. The rear ends of the two traction parts 1041 and 1042 are respectively connected to the two connecting rods 1121. In this example, each connecting rod 1121 also has a pull buckle 1123 to connect to the rear ends of the two traction parts 1041 and 1042. The front ends of the two traction parts 1041 and 1042 are fixed to the objective lens unit 101 to drive its steering. For example, the front end of the traction unit can be connected to the front end face of the objective lens 101, for example, by passing through two mounting holes at corresponding positions in the illumination unit; or, the front end of the traction unit may not be exposed on the front end face of the objective lens 101, for example, by fixing the front end of the traction unit to the inner side wall of the housing of the objective lens 101.

[0153] At least a portion of each toggle button 1122 is exposed outside the surface of the handle housing 111, facilitating user operation of the toggle button 1122 (see [link]). Figure 1 , Figure 7 If the user pushes the first-side toggle button forward, it causes the first-side linkage to swing forward, which in turn rotates the rotary part 1120 and the shaft, causing the second-side linkage to swing backward, thereby moving the second-side toggle button backward. If the user pulls the first-side toggle button backward, it causes the first-side linkage to swing backward, which in turn rotates the rotary part 1120 and the shaft in the opposite direction, causing the second-side linkage to swing forward, thereby moving the second-side toggle button forward. That is, the two toggle buttons 1122 move in opposite directions, and the user can operate only one side of the toggle button, and the other side's toggle button will move in the opposite direction.

[0154] Furthermore, when the connecting rod on the first side swings backward, it pulls the traction part 1041 on the first side backward. The part of the objective lens 101 connected to the traction part 1041 on the first side tends to move backward, while the part of the objective lens 101 connected to the traction part 1042 on the second side tends to move forward. Therefore, the objective lens 101 swings to the first side and pulls the traction part 1042 on the second side forward, causing the connecting rod on the second side to swing forward. In the above example, the backward pulling force is mainly transmitted through the traction part 1041 on the first side to make the objective lens 101 swing. However, if the material of the traction parts 1041 and 1042 can also transmit the forward pushing force, then the traction parts 1041 and 1042 on the first and second sides can respectively pull the two sides of the objective lens 101 backward and push them forward. The two opposing forces are transmitted to the objective lens 101 at the same time, causing it to swing.

[0155] like Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, the steering section 113 includes a plurality of axially arranged steering joints 1131. Each steering joint 1131 is an irregular ring and is provided with a latch to engage with latches provided on adjacent steering joints 1131, the rear end of the objective lens housing 101, and the front end of the lens tube 102. The ring can be closed or open in the circumferential direction. Of the two latches that engage with each other, one is a protruding male latch 1132 and the other is a recessed female latch 1133. When the male latch 1132 is inserted into the female latch 1133, there is still a gap next to the latch, so the two parts engaged by the latch can still swing within a certain angle range. For example, each steering joint 1131 in this example is roughly V-shaped when viewed from above (it can be formed by two V-shaped arc segments located at the top and bottom connected relative to each other). In the V-shape of each joint, the protruding part and the recessed part constitute the male latch 1132 and the female latch 1133, respectively, and there is a gap between the inclined side and the inclined side of the V-shape of another joint.

[0156] In this example, the rear end 1134 of the objective lens housing and the rear end of each steering joint 1131 are provided with female buckles 1133; the front end 1135 of the lens tube 102 and the front end of each steering joint 1131 are provided with male buckles 1132; thus, the buckles of the objective lens 101, the multiple steering joints 1131 of the steering part 113, and the lens tube 102 are sequentially connected. In addition to the connection at the buckles, there are certain gaps between the front and rear of other parts of two adjacent steering joints 1131. There are also certain gaps between the frontmost steering joint 1131 (referred to as the first joint) and the rear end of the objective lens 101, and between the rearmost steering joint 1131 (referred to as the last joint) and the front end of the lens tube 102.

[0157] When the objective lens 101 swings under the action of the two traction parts 1041 and 1042, for example, when the objective lens 101 swings to the first side, the traction part 1041 on the first side pulls it backward. When the objective lens 101 swings, it reduces the gap between itself and the first joint on the first side (and increases the gap between itself and the first joint on the second side). Under the action of some flexible components that can swing with the objective lens 101, each steering joint 1131 of the steering part 113 can swing at the same time as the objective lens 101 swings. Therefore, the gaps between the objective lens 101 and the first joint, between adjacent joints, and between the last joint and the lens tube 102 on the first side can be reduced simultaneously, and the reduction is approximately the same for each segment (the gaps between these components on the second side are correspondingly increased). These components form a combination that can swing together (towards the first side). The maximum swing angle on the first side is reached when the gap between these adjacent components on the first side is reduced to zero (the gap on the second side is correspondingly increased).

[0158] If the first side has already swung to a certain angle and then begins to swing in the opposite direction toward the second side (i.e., when the traction part 1042 on the second side pulls backward), then under the action of the aforementioned flexible component, each time it is driven the combination that can swing together. The objective lens part 101 and all the steering joints 1131 in this combination will swing simultaneously (towards the second side), so that the gap between adjacent components on the second side decreases simultaneously (the gap on the first side increases accordingly); when any two adjacent components have the same gap on the first side and the second side, they return to the state of zero swing angle; the process of swinging toward the second side afterward can be referred to the previous description, and the operations performed on the first side and the second side are interchanged (the changing trends of the increase and decrease of the gap on both sides are interchanged), which will not be repeated here.

[0159] The flexible components, such as but not limited to fiber bundles (used as illumination beams or image beams), protective bushings 1136 (described in detail below), etc., are located within the steering section 113 and can swing along with the objective lens section 101 when it swings, thereby causing each steering joint 1131 to swing simultaneously.

[0160] For example, this embodiment has three steering joints 1131, which, together with the objective lens 101 and the lens tube 102, form four gaps; each gap corresponds to a swing angle of approximately 15°, so the maximum swing angle of the objective lens 101 on each side can reach approximately 60°. For example, by adjusting the number of joints, the gap distance, and their corresponding angles, the value of the maximum swing angle can be further adjusted. The illumination angle of the optical fiber in the illumination beam 104 is approximately 45°~60° (22.5°~30° on each side), so after adding the maximum swing angle on each side, the angle of view of the arthroscope on each side can reach 82.5°~90°. In another example, the objective lens 101 can be replaced with a camera with a light source ( Figure 9 The image beam 103 and illumination beam 104 are replaced with cables that can transmit signals and electrical energy (most of the cables are run through the space inside the turning part 113 and the lens tube 102, with the front end connected to the camera and the rear end running out of the lens tube 102 to connect to the integrated circuit in the handle). The camera has a field of view of 120° (60° on each side). After adding the maximum swing angle on each side, the arthroscopy can reach a field of view of 120° on each side, which is wider than the field of view range when using the objective lens 101.

[0161] like Figure 7 As shown, the handle housing 111 has a strip-shaped slot corresponding to at least one of the toggle buttons 1122, allowing the surface of the toggle button 1122 to be exposed. The slot has a certain amount of space in the front-back direction, so that when the user pushes or pulls the toggle button 1122 forward or backward, the toggle button 1122 can move accordingly within this space. If only one toggle button 1122 is provided on one side (e.g., the end of the connecting rod 1121 on the other side is open) or only one toggle button 1122 is exposed, then only that side's toggle button 1122 needs to be operated. The movement of the steering drive unit 112 and the traction units 1041, 1042 on both sides driving the front objective lens unit 101 (or camera) to swing remains unchanged (when one side moves, the other side will produce a corresponding, opposite movement). If both sides' toggle buttons 1122 are exposed, either the left or right hand can hold the handle to operate the more convenient side's toggle button 1122. For example, a rougher texture can be provided on the exposed surface of the toggle button 1122 for anti-slip purposes. For instance, the exposed surface of the toggle button 1122 may have a continuous raised and recessed structure 1127 (protruding or recessed in the direction outward and inward towards the handle).

[0162] For example, at least one pair of interfaces arranged in the front-to-back direction between the toggle button 1122 and the slot of the handle housing 111 can be provided for controlling the angular swing of the objective lens 101 (or the camera with a light source). For example, a plurality of fan-shaped grooves 1126 are provided on the bottom surface of the toggle button 1122 (the side closer to the grip), which are continuously arranged in the front-to-back direction (forming a wavy bottom surface); the bottom edge of the slot of the handle housing 111 corresponds to the bottom surface of the toggle button 1122, and a protrusion 1111 or a plurality of protrusions 1111 spaced apart are provided on the bottom edge. Each protrusion 1111 can be matched with any of the grooves 1126 currently moved above it. That is, when the toggle button 1122 moves back and forth, for the protrusions 1111 and grooves that are in contact with each other, A protruding ridge and a raised dot 1111 next to the groove will press against each other and undergo slight elastic deformation when the toggle button 1122 moves, causing the raised dot 1111 to disengage from the groove and enter and get stuck in the next groove (the next groove is determined by the direction of movement; for example, moving forward will get it stuck in the groove behind, and moving backward will get it stuck in the groove in front; each groove has two protruding ridges next to it, and which ridge presses against the raised dot is also determined by the direction of movement; for example, moving forward will get the rear ridge in contact with the raised dot, and moving backward will get the front ridge in contact with the raised dot). The main difference between setting one raised dot 1111 or multiple raised dot 1111 is the different force required to toggle the toggle button 1122. The more raised dots there are, the greater the resistance to toggle, and the greater the force required; therefore, the number of raised dot can be adjusted according to the actual operating feel.

[0163] Therefore, as the toggle switch 1122 moves, each time the protrusion 1111 switches a groove 1126, the lens at the front end of the arthoscope 1 (i.e., the objective lens 101 or the camera with a light source) swings by a corresponding angle, achieving angular rotation. In this example, the grooves 1126 are arranged continuously, so the swing angle is the same each time they are switched; or, the interval distance between adjacent grooves 1126 can be controlled to adjust the corresponding swing angle for each switch. If the interval distance is the same, the swing angle after switching is the same; if the interval distance is different, the swing angle after switching is also different; generally, the longer the interval distance, the longer the distance the toggle switch 1122 moves in one go, and the larger the swing angle is. Alternatively, the swing angle corresponding to each switch can be changed by adjusting the size of the groove 1126 and its matching protrusion 1111. The larger the span of each groove 1126 in the front-back direction (the size of the protrusion 1111 can also be increased accordingly for positioning), the greater the distance that needs to be moved when switching a groove 1126, which can also increase the swing angle of the front end of the mirror body in one go.

[0164] Furthermore, the swing angle when switching the groove 1126 each time can be corresponding to the swing angle between adjacent steering joints, or between the steering joint and the lens tube 102 or the lens, or it can be unrelated (as in the example above, where the swing angle corresponding to each gap is 15°, then the swing angle when switching the groove 1126 can also be 15° by designing the spacing between the grooves 1126 (or adjusting the size of the grooves 1126); or, it can be designed with another spacing (or size) so that the swing angle during each switch is less than 15° or greater than 15°, which can be determined according to actual needs, and the present invention does not limit this).

[0165] For example, see Figure 4 , Figure 5 Furthermore, a flexible protective sleeve 1136 can be provided at the steering section 113 (the term "flexible" in this context at least means that the corresponding component can withstand the additional force caused by the swing when the lens at the front end of the arthroscopy 1 swings; the flexible component itself can also undergo some deformation to cope with this). In this example, the protective sleeve 1136 is located inside each steering joint 1131; the interior of the protective sleeve 1136 is hollow, through which the image transmission beam 110 can pass; the outer wall of the protective sleeve has multiple axial grooves, which can be used to place the multiple fiber bundles of the illumination beam 104 (including the two bundles that serve as traction parts); the steering joint 1131 is surrounded by the protective sleeve 1136; the protective sleeve 1136 can support the steering joint 1131 and serve as a waterproof and airtight seal. For example, the protective bushing 1136 extends a certain distance in both the front and rear directions of the turning portion 113. The extended portion at the front end of the protective bushing 1136 extends into the housing of the objective lens portion 101, and the extended portion at the rear end of the protective bushing 1136 extends into a small section of the lens tube 102, without extending a long distance within the lens tube 102 (of course, the present invention is not limited to other examples, such as designing a longer protective bushing or making it have a different shape). When the objective lens 101 swings to one side, the front section of the protective bushing 1136 extending into the objective lens 101 swings accordingly, causing the main body of the protective bushing 1136 located within the steering section 113 to bend. The protective bushing 1136 can, for example, utilize the friction between its outer surface and the inner wall of the steering joint 1131, and the bending portion of the protective bushing 1136 to exert a certain amount of pressure and push on the same side of the steering joint 1131 from the inside, thereby driving each steering joint 1131 to swing simultaneously toward the same side as the objective lens 101, thus simultaneously reducing the gaps between adjacent components on this side (and correspondingly increasing the gaps between components on the other side). Alternatively, in another example, the two fiber bundles serving as traction components can be connected to both sides of the objective lens 101, and also to both sides of each steering joint, allowing the steering joints to swing simultaneously with the objective lens 101.

[0166] See also Figure 2 , Figure 8 As shown, an integrated circuit 108 is provided inside the handle housing 111 of the arthroscope 1. Interfaces for components such as the image processing module 109, the light source 105, the power supply 107, and the control button 106 are respectively provided on the integrated circuit 108. The control button 106 is at least partially exposed on the surface of the handle housing 111; for example, the control button 106 may be located on the top of the handle housing 111 (the side opposite the gripping part), but this is not a limitation on the button's position.

[0167] In some examples, the power supply 107 is rechargeable (such as a rechargeable lithium battery, but not limited to this), and can be charged before use. In some examples, the power supply 107 is a plug-and-play power supply, which can be inserted into the interface provided in the handle only when in use. Alternatively, the power supply 107 may be integrated into the handle, with the charging interface located somewhere on the surface of the handle (or there may be no charging interface, but the power supply can be replaced by disassembling the handle, etc.). The present invention is not limited to the following examples: in some examples, the arthroscope may only have a power supply port, allowing an external power source to be connected to the port via a wired plug; or, in addition to being equipped with one of the aforementioned power supplies, an external power supply port may also be retained.

[0168] The integrated circuit 108 includes a central processing module, a power supply module, and a communication module. The power supply module, connected to the power supply 107, supplies power to the light source 105 and other electrical components under the control of the central processing module. At this time, the device can be started via the control button 106; after the device is started, the light source 105 emits light, which shines onto the object surface through the illumination beam 104; the object surface reflects light into the objective lens 101, and then transmits it through the image transmission beam 103 and the eyepiece 110 to the image processing module 109. The image processing module 109 converts the light signal into an electrical signal (or... Figure 9 In another example, the camera with a light source has image processing capabilities, directly generating an electrical signal corresponding to the captured image, and transmitting the electrical signal to the central processing module via a cable. The central processing module then transmits the electrical signal to the communication module, which in turn transmits the signal to an external terminal device.

[0169] The arthroscopy's communication module and the terminal device can be connected via a wired connection; more preferably, they can also be connected wirelessly (such as WiFi, but not limited to this wireless communication method). When using wireless communication, the terminal device used with the arthroscopy is a mobile terminal. The terminal device (including the mobile terminal) has a corresponding communication module, which can at least realize the function of signal reception (if necessary, a communication transceiver module can also be configured to send information to the arthroscopy, such as control commands, upgrade data, etc., and is not limited to this); the terminal device needs to have a display device to display the acquired images reflecting the morphology within the joint cavity; it can also be equipped with a (built-in or external) storage module to store images and other data. In some examples, by configuring corresponding software programs, general-purpose devices such as smartphones, tablets, and laptops can also become mobile terminals that can be used with the arthroscopy 1. For example, the integrated circuit 108 also includes an image processing module (not shown), which can be used to further synthesize multi-point images into a single image. This image processing module can be part of an image processing module or a central processing module, or it can be an independent part; or, the image processing module can be set at the terminal device.

[0170] In a preferred example, to improve portability, the arthroscope is wirelessly connected and battery-powered (eliminating the need for a wired connection to an external power source), and is used in conjunction with a mobile terminal. In this example, the arthroscope, from the lens, steering mechanism 113, and endoscope tube 102 to the handle and various internal components, can all be disposable. If the power supply is pluggable, it can be removed or disposed of along with other components; if the power supply is integrated into the handle, it can be disposed of along with other components without needing to be removed separately.

[0171] In some modified examples, several components of the steering drive are housed in a separate housing from the handle, so that the components that drive the lens, etc., to swing are not located on the handle. This separate housing, together with the lens, steering unit, and lens tube, can be detachably connected to the handle, making the assembly disposable; while the retained handle (after necessary sterilization) can be connected to another assembly for use.

[0172] The arthroscope of this embodiment can acquire images of objects within the joint cavity and display them in real time on a terminal device, facilitating observation and diagnosis by medical personnel. The dimensions of the lens (objective lens 101 or camera), the steering part 113, the endoscope tube 102, etc., which are inserted into the joint cavity, need to be determined based on the dimensions of the lenses, fiber bundles, and other components installed inside. The outer diameter of the endoscope tube 102, etc., can be controlled to about 2.0 mm, or even finer, such as 1.0 mm, 1.2 mm, 1.5 mm, etc.; thus, the outer diameter of the puncture cannula 3 that is used with it can be controlled to below 3.4 mm; this can effectively reduce the wound area.

[0173] Example 2

[0174] like Figure 10 , Figure 13 , Figure 14 As shown, the arthroscope provided in this embodiment includes an objective lens 501, a steering part 502, and a tube 514 connected sequentially. This embodiment adds a hollow surgical tool intervention channel, including a first intervention channel 5014 located within the objective lens 501 and a second intervention channel 506 located within the tube 514, the two intervention channels being sealed together. When the corresponding surgical tools are installed in the surgical tool intervention channel, it can be used for joint examination and treatment. A comprehensive connector 509 is provided behind the tube 514 for housing an injection connector valve 507 and a docking handle component 511. For example, the comprehensive connector 509 and the components preceding it are detachably connected to the handle component 511; alternatively, they can be made non-detachable.

[0175] In this design, the front opening of the first interventional channel 5014 is exposed at the front end of the objective lens section 501, and the rear opening is sealed and connected to the front opening of the second interventional channel 506. The front section of the second interventional channel 506 is also inserted within the turning section 502. Therefore, the second interventional channel 506 is flexible (or entirely flexible) at least in the portion located within the turning section 502, allowing it to swing with the objective lens section 501 and the turning section 502 while maintaining the function of the hollow structure inside the second interventional channel 506 (accommodating surgical instruments, transmission media, etc.) unaffected. The rear section of the endoscope tube 514 (and the rear section of the second interventional channel 506 therein) is located inside the integrated connector 509. For example, but not as a limitation, the first interventional channel 5014 is formed by an axially formed through hole in the objective lens section 501, and the second interventional channel 506 is an independent pipe arranged within the endoscope tube 514.

[0176] like Figure 15 , Figure 20As shown, one example of a surgical tool is a planing drill 505, which includes a flexible drive shaft 5053, with a planing drill bit 5051 connected to its front end and a drive connector 5054 connected to its rear end. The planing drill bit 5051 is further provided with a protective sleeve 5052; one side of the front end of the protective sleeve 5052 has an opening, while the other side is covered, so that the planing drill bit 5051 is only exposed at the opening. In this example, the flexible drive shaft 5053 has multiple strands of flexible drive cables twisted together. The planing drill 505 can be inserted into the surgical tool intervention channel from the front and removed from the surgical tool intervention channel after use.

[0177] The rear section of the protective sleeve 5052 matches the front opening of the first interventional channel 5014, and the two fit tightly together, reliably fixing the protective sleeve 5052 to the front end of the first interventional channel 5014. For example, the interface between the protective sleeve 5052 and the first interventional channel 5014 can be set as a Morse taper interface, which can lock the two together after assembly without the need for other snap-fit ​​features. During removal, surgical forceps can be used to clamp the planing drill 505 and forcefully remove it. In this example, the outer diameter of the rear section of the protective sleeve 5052 is smaller than the inner diameter of the first interventional channel 5014, and the former is inserted into the first interventional channel 5014. Not limited to other examples, the rear section of the protective sleeve may have an annular groove (not shown) to allow it to fit over the objective lens or be embedded in an annular groove (not shown) located between the first interventional channel and the objective lens housing, or the protective sleeve may be connected to the end face of the objective lens, etc.

[0178] The planing drill bit 5051 of the planing drill 505 remains outside the surgical tool intervention channel and is located in front of the objective lens section 501; the flexible drive shaft 5053 passes through the first intervention channel 5014 and the second intervention channel 506, and the drive joint 5054 extends from the rear end of the second intervention channel 506 and connects to the front end of a coupling 512; the rear end of the coupling 512 connects to the rotating shaft 51181 of the motor 5118 inside the handle. Figure 11 When the motor 5118 starts, the rotating shaft 51181 rotates, driving the coupling 512 and the transmission joint 5054 to rotate, causing the flexible transmission shaft 5053 to rotate in the second intervention channel 506 at the end tube 514, which in turn drives the front-end planing drill bit 5051 to rotate (the protective sleeve 5052 does not rotate at the same time because it is fixedly connected to the objective lens 501). Then, through the part exposed by the planing drill bit 5051 from the outlet of the protective sleeve 5052, the soft tissue in the joint cavity is repaired (such as removing cartilage or floating fibrous tissue of the meniscus).

[0179] like Figure 12 , Figure 13As shown, the integrated connector 509 includes a connector sealing cover 510 located at the rear end of the integrated connector 509. The coupling 512 is installed through a through hole 5103 provided on the connector sealing cover 510. The rear section of the coupling 512 extends rearward through the through hole 5103 to mate with the rotating shaft 51181 at the handle. A recess is provided inside the rear end of the coupling 512, into which the rotating shaft 51181 can be inserted during mating. A limiting portion is located in the middle section of the coupling 512, with an outer diameter larger than the diameter of the through hole 5103 of the connector sealing cover 510. This allows the front section of the coupling 512 to remain inside the integrated connector 509, and another recess is provided inside this front section, into which the transmission connector 5054 can be inserted during mating. The integrated joint 509 has an internal channel corresponding to the axial direction of the lens tube 514, allowing the rear section of the lens tube 514, the transmission joint 5054, and the front section of the coupling 512 to be arranged within it. The internal shape of this channel at different positions matches the components placed within it, allowing for the fixation of the rear section of the lens tube 514 and, in conjunction with the joint sealing cover plate 510, limiting the movement of the front section of the coupling 512 without affecting the rotation of the coupling 512 and the transmission joint 5054. A coupling sealing ring 513 is provided between the front end face of the coupling 512 and the interface opposite to its axial channel 5095 of the integrated joint 509. Figure 13 The axial channel 5095 can be sealed here.

[0180] like Figure 16 , Figure 17 , Figure 21 As shown, another example of a surgical tool is an injection needle 504, which includes a needle head 5041 and a needle connector 5042, and is hollow inside; the needle connector 5042 can be located at the front end of the first intervention channel 5014 of the surgical tool intervention channel, so that the injection needle 504 can be fixed to the first intervention channel 5014; in this way, the medium (the medium is a fluid, usually a liquid, but can also be a gas if necessary) transmitted through the entire surgical tool intervention channel can be further delivered into the joint cavity through the needle head 5041 of the injection needle 504.

[0181] The interface between the needle connector 5042 and the first intervention channel 5014 can be further designed as a Morse taper interface; after assembly, the two can be locked together by this interface without the need for other snap-fit ​​features. During removal, surgical forceps can be used to clamp the injection needle 504 and remove it from the first intervention channel 5014. In this example, the tip of the injection needle 504 is curved; in other examples, it can be designed to be straight or have other shapes. In this example, the outer diameter of the needle connector 5042 is smaller than the inner diameter of the tip of the first intervention channel 5014, meaning the connector is inserted into the first intervention channel 5014 from the tip. In other examples, the connector can be fitted over the first intervention channel, embedded in an annular groove (not shown) between the first intervention channel and the objective lens housing, or the connector can be mated with the end face of the first intervention channel, etc.

[0182] The integrated connector 509 is equipped with an injection connector valve 507, which includes a valve knob 5071 and a connector pipe 5072. The bottom of the connector pipe 5072 is located at a pipe mounting hole 5092 opened in the integrated connector 509. In this example, the pipe mounting hole 5092 is perpendicular to the axial direction of the endoscope tube 514, and the opening of the pipe mounting hole 5092 is located at the top of the integrated connector 509 (but this does not restrict the opening position). The injection channel opened in the connector pipe 5072 is connected to the second intervention channel 506 and also to the axial channel inside the integrated connector 509.

[0183] The valve knob 5071 has a knob part 5073 and a stopper part 5074. The stopper part 5074 is fixed inside the connector pipe 5072. According to the position of the stopper part 5074, the injection channel of the connector pipe 5072 is divided into two sections 5075 and 5076, with a socket 5077 perpendicular to the injection channel in the middle for the stopper part 5074 to be inserted. One end of the stopper part 5074 is connected to the knob part 5073; the other end is an open end and is provided with a buckle 5078 that can be locked onto the end face of the socket 5077 to prevent the stopper part 5074 from coming out of the socket 5077. The user switches the open and closed state of the injection connector valve 517 by operating the knob part 5073 to make the stopper part 5074 rotate within the socket 5077.

[0184] With the valve open, the knob 5073 rotates the stopcock 5074 to a suitable position, allowing the channel inside the stopcock 5074 to connect the upper and lower sections 5075 and 5076 of the injection channel. The fluid can then be injected through the opening on the connector pipe 5072 at the end furthest from the integrated connector 509 (in this example, the top opening), sequentially passing through the upper injection channel 5075, the channel of the stopcock 5074, and the lower injection channel 5076, before being delivered to the axial channel 5095 within the integrated connector 509. With the valve closed, the knob 5073 rotates the stopcock 5074 to another position (e.g., 90°), causing the channel inside the stopcock 5074 to be misaligned from the two sections 5075 and 5076 of the injection channel. The outer wall of the stopcock 5074 blocks the two sections 5075 and 5076 of the injection channel from interfering with each other, preventing further fluid delivery and leaving it within the upper injection channel 5075.

[0185] For example, the upper injection channel 5075 has a larger diameter section starting from the top opening, which can temporarily accommodate the injected medium. External devices for receiving and pushing the medium, such as syringes or droppers, can deliver the medium to the injection connector valve 507 after docking with the top opening; a sealing membrane or the like can be pre-installed to cover the top opening, and the sealing membrane is removed or penetrated only when injection is needed, after which the medium is delivered.

[0186] A valve sealing ring 508 is installed between the inner wall of the connector pipe 5072 and the pipe mounting hole 5092 of the integrated connector 509, near the bottom of the connector pipe 5072 (i.e. near the axial channel 5095). Together with the coupling sealing ring 513, the integrated connector 509, connector pipe 5072, and endoscope tube 514 are sealed together. This ensures that the area where the axial channel 5095, the lower injection channel 5076, and the second intervention channel 506 intersect is sealed. In this way, the medium injected through the connector pipe 5072 will not leak to the rear of the coupling 512 or other locations such as the pipe mounting hole 5092. Instead, it can be delivered along the surgical tool intervention channel and then injected into the joint cavity through the injection needle 504 at the front end.

[0187] For example, a locking structure is provided between the inner wall of the connector pipe 5072 and the pipe mounting hole 5092 (in this example, somewhere above the sealing ring 508) to prevent the connector pipe 5072 from coming out of the mounting hole. For example, the inner wall of the pipe mounting hole 5092 is provided with at least one groove 5093, and the corresponding position of the outer wall of the connector pipe 5072 is provided with at least one protrusion 5079. When the connector pipe 5072 is inserted into the pipe mounting hole 5092, the protrusion 5079 is embedded in the groove 5093. Since the extension direction of the protrusion 5079 is approximately perpendicular to the insertion direction of the connector pipe 5072, it can prevent the connector pipe 5072 from coming out after being inserted into the pipe mounting hole 5092. The outer wall of the connector pipe 5072 is also provided with a cover 50722, which extends radially outward from the outer wall along the connector pipe 5072. The cover 50722 matches the opening of the pipe mounting hole 5092 and is used to cover the opening.

[0188] like Figure 18 As shown, the injection connector valve 507 described in this embodiment also drives the objective lens section 501 to swing through two traction parts 516 connected to it. The steering section 502 has multiple steering joints. Adjacent steering joints, the first joint and the objective lens section 501, and the last joint and the microscope tube 514 are connected to each other by matching snaps (male and female snaps), and there is a gap between adjacent parts next to the snaps. The above structure and connection method can be referred to the structure and connection method of the same parts in Embodiment 1. One difference is that in this example, the rear end of the outer shell of the objective lens section 501 and the rear end of each steering joint are provided with male snaps, while the front end of the microscope tube 514 and the front end of each steering joint are provided with female snaps; the snap form in this example and Embodiment 1 can be interchanged. In addition, in this example, the flexible protective bushing 503 surrounds the multiple steering joints. Figure 1 The outer wall of the protective bushing 503 is smooth, and its front and rear ends are respectively fitted outside the extension sections provided at the rear end of the objective lens section 510 and the front end of the lens tube 514.

[0189] Two traction parts 516 are located on both sides of the central axis, and their front ends are fixed to the objective lens 501 (they can be connected to the front end face of the objective lens 501, or they can be connected to the inside or rear end of the objective lens 501). When either traction part 516 is pulled backward, it can drive the objective lens 501 and its assembly to swing to the side where the traction part 516 is located (the other traction part 516 can move forward under the drive of the objective lens 501, or the other traction part 516 itself can also transmit a forward pushing force to help the objective lens 501 swing).

[0190] After passing through the turning part 502 and the lens tube 514, the two traction parts 516 first enter the integrated joint 509 in a direction parallel to the central axis, and then pass through two channels 5091 at the integrated joint 509 that are perpendicular to the central axis (avoiding the separately opened pipe mounting hole 5092). The rear sections of the two traction parts 516 change direction accordingly when passing through these two channels 5091, and their rear ends are then fixed to the connector pipe 5072 of the injection connector valve 507. In this way, when the connector pipe 5072, which is a rotating part, rotates around its axis, the two traction parts 516 will move in opposite directions.

[0191] The example traction unit 516 is a pull cord that transmits force to the objective lens unit 501 when it is pulled backward. When either pull cord is pulled backward, it causes the objective lens unit 501 (and its assembly) to swing to the side where the pull cord is located, and then the objective lens unit 501 pulls the other pull cord forward. The rear sections of these two pull cords, after exiting from the two channels at the integrated connector 509, can also wrap around the connector tube 5072 in different directions (clockwise and counterclockwise); in this example, the outer surface of the lower section of the connector tube 5072 is provided with a gear structure 50721. If the two pull cords are wrapped around the gear structure 50721 respectively, friction can be increased. The gear structure 50721 includes several axially opened tooth grooves; if a protrusion or multiple circumferentially spaced protrusions are provided on the inner wall of the pipe mounting hole 5092; as the connector pipe 5072 rotates, the protrusion can be embedded into the tooth groove that has moved to its current position. Each time the protrusion switches a tooth groove, the objective lens 501 will swing by a corresponding angle to achieve angular rotation.

[0192] In this example, the gear grooves of the gear structure 50721 are continuously arranged, so the swing angle is the same each time it is switched. Alternatively, the interval between adjacent grooves can be controlled to adjust the corresponding swing angle for each switch. If the interval is the same, the swing angle after switching is the same; if the interval is different, the swing angle after switching is also different. Generally speaking, the larger the interval, the longer the angle of rotation of the connector pipe in one go, and the larger the swing angle in one go. Alternatively, the swing angle corresponding to each switch can also be changed by adjusting the size of the groove and its matching protrusion. The larger the span of each groove (the size of the protrusion can also be increased accordingly for locking), the larger the actual angle of rotation required to switch the groove, which can also increase the swing angle of the lens front end in one go. In addition, the swing angle when switching the groove each time can be corresponding to the swing angle between adjacent steering joints, between the steering joint and the lens tube or between the steering joint and the lens on each side of each segment of the gap, or can be unrelated. This invention does not limit this.

[0193] When the user operates the connector pipe 5072 itself or the knob part 5073 of the valve knob 5071 to rotate the connector pipe 5072 clockwise (or counterclockwise), the pull rope that is wound clockwise (or counterclockwise) will wind more onto the connector pipe 5072. The pull rope will then tend to move backward in a direction parallel to the central axis, that is, the pull rope will be pulled backward (which will cause the objective lens part 501 in front to swing), and the distance pulled backward will match the length of the rope newly wound onto the connector pipe 5072 during this rotation. At the same time, the other pull rope that is wound counterclockwise (or clockwise) will release a portion of the rope that was originally wound onto the connector pipe 5072. The length of the released rope will match the distance that the pull rope is pulled forward by the objective lens part 501 (and also match the length of the rope wound onto the other pull rope).

[0194] Assuming the connector tube 5072 rotates continuously in one direction, and the traction part (pull cord) on the first side is continuously pulled backward, under the action of the flexible component that can swing with the objective lens 501, the gaps between the objective lens 501 and the first joint, between adjacent steering joints, and between the last joint and the lens tube 514 on the first side simultaneously decrease (the gap on the second side increases accordingly). These steering joints and the objective lens 501 form a combination that can swing together; until the gap between adjacent components on the first side is zero, reaching the maximum swing angle on the first side. If it has already swung to the first side, each subsequent pull of the traction part on the second side will drive the currently swinging combination. During the continuous swing of this combination to the second side, the gaps between the aforementioned components on the second side will continuously decrease (the gap on the first side increases accordingly), and the reduction in gap for each segment will be approximately the same. When the gaps of each segment on the first and second sides are the same, the axes of the objective lens 501, steering part 502, and lens tube 514 are aligned with the central axis, and the objective lens 501 returns to the intermediate position where the swing angle is zero. When swinging to the second side, simply reverse the operations of the first and second sides to reverse the trend of increasing or decreasing the gap.

[0195] When the objective lens 501 swings to one side, the front section of the protective sleeve 503, which is fitted outside the objective lens 501, swings accordingly, causing the main body of the protective sleeve 503 outside the steering section 113 to bend. The protective sleeve 503 can utilize the friction between its inner wall and the outer surface of each steering joint, and the bending portion of the protective sleeve 503 to exert a certain amount of pressure and push on the same side of each steering joint from the outside, thereby driving each steering joint to swing simultaneously to the same side as the objective lens 501, so as to simultaneously reduce the gap between adjacent components on this side (and correspondingly increase the gap between the segments on the other side). In addition, components such as, but not limited to, surgical tool intervention channels, illumination beams, or image transmission beam fiber bundles, which are at least partially located within the steering joints and can swing with the objective lens 501, can also provide the force to drive each steering joint to swing simultaneously. Alternatively, in another example, the two pull ropes serving as traction units can be connected to both sides of the objective lens 501, as well as to both sides of each steering joint, so that the steering joints can swing while the objective lens 501 swings.

[0196] For example, next to the top opening of the pipe mounting hole 5092 of the integrated connector 509, a flange face is provided around it, with two channels 5091 (in this example, two square channels) for the pull rope to pass through, and their respective outlets are opened on the flange face. A cover 50722 extending from the outer wall of the connector pipe 5072 to cover the top opening of the pipe mounting hole is located above the gear structure 50721; and a certain gap 5094 is left between the cover 50722 and the flange face, the position of which can accommodate the wound pull rope. In this example, in the locking structure that prevents the connector pipe 5072 from dislodging, the protrusion 5079 is located in the middle section of the gear structure 50721 (avoiding the position where the pull rope is wound). Since the protrusion 5079 rotates with the connector pipe 5072, the groove 5093 on the inner wall of the pipe mounting hole 5092 for the protrusion 5079 to be inserted is an annular groove, or at least an arc-shaped groove segment that matches the rotation angle range. In a modified example (not shown), several toothed grooves of the gear structure can also be provided on the surface of the groove. The protrusion that rotates with the connector pipe will match the toothed grooves at the corresponding positions. Each time the protrusion switches a toothed groove, the objective lens 501 and the like can swing by a corresponding angle to achieve angular rotation.

[0197] In this example, the handle component is not needed. Instead, the objective lens 501 and other components are moved back and forth by rotating the injection connector valve 507, which drives the two traction parts 516 to swing. Therefore, in this embodiment, the entire arthroscope can be divided into two detachable parts, with the connector sealing cover 510 of the integrated connector 509 as the boundary. This cover and the components in front of it are separated from the handle component 511 behind the cover. In this way, in some examples, the front half containing the objective lens 501, the steering part 502, the endoscope tube 514, the assemblable surgical instruments, the injection connector valve 507, and the integrated connector 509 can be made for single use, while the rear half containing the handle component 511 can be retained.

[0198] Therefore, in addition to connecting the flexible drive shaft 5053 of the planing drill 505 and the rotating shaft 51181 of the motor 5118 respectively via the coupling 512, this example also needs to further provide a mechanism through the joint sealing cover plate 510 to allow the illumination beam 517, the image transmission beam 515, etc. to connect with the corresponding components in the handle.

[0199] In this example, as Figure 14 As shown, the objective lens 501 has two illumination sections 5012, such as mounting holes through which the two fiber bundles of the illumination beam 517 pass, or lenses that interface with these two fiber bundles. The two components of the illumination section 5012 are located on either side of the imaging objective lens 5011. According to the cross-sectional distribution within the objective lens 501, the imaging objective lens 5011 and the illumination section 5012 are biased towards the same side (closer to the bottom in the figure), while the first intervention channel 5014 is biased towards the opposite side (closer to the top in the figure). The two traction sections 516 are opposite each other (roughly corresponding to the two ends of a diameter in the middle), located on either side of the first intervention channel 5014. The description of the number and position of the components within the objective lens 501 is illustrative and not intended to be limiting; adjustments can be made according to actual needs.

[0200] The two fiber bundles of the illumination beam 517 pass through the turning part 502, the mirror tube 514, and the integrated connector 509, so that the rear ends of the fiber bundles are connected to the illumination fiber end 5102 provided on the connector sealing cover plate 510. Figure 12 The image transmission beam 515 is aligned with the rear end of the imaging objective lens 5011 of the objective lens section 501. The image transmission beam 515, passing through the turning section 502, the lens tube 514, and the integrated connector 509, has its rear end aligned with the image coupling port 5101 provided on the connector sealing cover plate 510. Figure 12The surgical instrument intervention channel 506 is located closer to the top of the endoscope tube 514 (making it closer to the injection connector valve 507), so the illumination beam 517 and the image transmission beam 515 are located closer to the bottom of the endoscope tube 514. These two beams are also arranged within the space near the bottom of the integrated connector 509. In this example, the two fiber bundles of the illumination beam 517 converge at the rear end and are connected to the same illumination fiber end 5102; this allows the illumination fiber end 5102 and the image coupling port 5101 to be located on opposite sides of the central axis.

[0201] The connector sealing cover 510 covers the rear opening of the integrated connector 509; after the two major components of the arthroscope are assembled, the connector sealing cover 510 fits tightly against the front end face of the handle; the light source 5111 and the image acquisition module (such as camera 5119) installed at the handle 511 are exposed on the front end face of the handle. Figure 19 ), can be connected to the illumination fiber optic end 5102 and the image coupling port 5101 on the connector sealing cover 510 ( Figure 12 The docking position.

[0202] For example, by setting three steering joints, four gaps are formed in conjunction with the objective lens 510 and the endoscope tube 514. Each gap corresponds to a swing angle of approximately 15°. Therefore, the maximum swing angle of the objective lens 510 on each side can reach approximately 60°, and the swing angle is 0° when returning to the middle position. For example, the maximum swing angle can be further adjusted by adjusting the number of joints, the gap distance, and their corresponding angles. The illumination angle of the optical fiber in the illumination beam 517 is approximately 45°~60° (22.5°~30° on each side). After adding the maximum swing angle on each side, the angle of view of the arthroscope on each side can reach 82.5°~90°.

[0203] Alternatively, in another example, the objective lens 501 can be replaced with a camera with a light source, and the illumination beam 517 and image transmission beam 515 can be replaced with cables connected to the camera, providing power and transmitting signals (if necessary, the layout of the camera and its light source on the front face of the arthroscope, and the cables within the endoscope tube 514 can be adjusted); the rear end of the cable can be connected to the cable interface at the connector sealing cover 510. In this example, the camera's field of view is 120° (60° on each side), so after adding the maximum swing angle on each side, the arthroscope's field of view on each side can reach 120°, resulting in a wider field of view.

[0204] The example handle housing 5112 comprises two interlocking housings, forming an internal space to accommodate related components. An integrated circuit 5114 is installed within the handle housing 5112; for example, interfaces for components such as the illumination source 5111, power supply 5115, and control buttons 5113 are respectively located on the integrated circuit 5114. The control buttons 5113 are at least partially exposed on the surface of the handle housing 5112; for example, control button 106 is located on the top of the handle housing 5112 (the side opposite the gripping part), but this is not a limitation on the button's position. The control buttons 5113 are at least used to connect the power supply 5115 to start the arthroscopy; in some examples, the buttons can also be used to control functions such as image acquisition, information communication transmission, and even the storage and display of information on external terminal devices, etc., and are not limited to these. The functions and corresponding connections of the central processing module, communication module, power supply module, power supply for the arthroscopy, and external terminal devices located on the integrated circuit 5114 can be referred to the description in Embodiment 1, and will not be repeated here.

[0205] like Figure 10 , Figure 11 , Figure 13 As shown, in this example, a trigger 5117 is exposed at the grip area of ​​the handle 511 for controlling the motor 5118. The connecting section of the trigger 5117 is rotatably mounted inside the handle housing 5112. For example, a hole on the connecting section and a torsion spring surrounding the hole are fitted together onto a fixed post inside the housing. When the user pulls the trigger 5117, it can rotate around the fixed post by a certain angle. After releasing the trigger 5117, it returns to its original position under the action of the spring force. Inside the handle housing 5112, near the connecting section of the trigger 5117, a proximity switch 5116 is also provided for sensing when the position of the trigger 5117 changes. That is, after the trigger 5117 is pulled and rotated to a certain angle, the proximity switch 5116 can sense the trigger 5117 and send a corresponding command to the motor 5118, so that the shaft 51181 of the motor 5118 starts to rotate; the proximity switch 5116 and the interface for obtaining electrical energy of the motor 5118 are respectively set on the integrated circuit 5114.

[0206] The arthroscope used in conjunction with the terminal device, puncture cannula 3, and puncture cone 4, the functions of which are described in Embodiment 1. At least a portion of the front lens, the turning part 502, and the endoscope tube 514 can enter the joint cavity through the channel established by the puncture cannula 3. The arthroscope is started by operating the control button 5113, and the power supply 5115 is connected to the integrated circuit 5114. The integrated circuit 5114 drives the light source 5111 to output light. The light passes through the illumination fiber end 5102 on the connector sealing cover 510, which corresponds to the position of the light source 5111, and transmits the light to the illumination beam 517. The illumination beam 517 transmits the light to the illumination part 5012 of the objective lens 501, thereby illuminating the front end of the arthroscope to illuminate the object. The light reflected from the object enters the imaging objective lens 5011, and is transmitted through the image transmission beam 515 to the image coupling end 5101 on the connector sealing cover 510, and then is irradiated by the end of the handle corresponding to the position of the front end. The camera 5119 captures the image, which is then converted into an electrical signal and transmitted to the central processing module on the integrated circuit 5114 (or, in another example, the camera with a light source at the front of the arthroscope directly acquires the image and converts it into an electrical signal, which is then transmitted to the cable connector at the cover plate via a cable. Another cable connector is located on the front of the handle and connects to it. After acquiring the electrical signal, it is transmitted to the central processing module of the integrated circuit 5114 via a cable inside the handle). The image is then sent to an external terminal device for display and data storage via the communication module on the integrated circuit 5114.

[0207] The preferred terminal device is a mobile terminal 2, which wirelessly transmits information to the communication module inside the arthroscope (other examples of wired transmission are not limited); the power supply 5115 inside the handle 511 can be removed for replacement or charging, or a charging interface can be provided at a certain point on the handle (other examples of powering the arthroscope via wired connection from an external power supply device are not limited). In this example, the handle 511 (after necessary sterilization) can be reused, while the front half of the arthroscope is disposable, and it can be separated or assembled from the handle 511 at the connector sealing cover 510. Alternatively, in some examples, the front and rear halves are not detachable, and the connector sealing cover 510 is always fixedly connected to the front end of the handle part 511, in which case the entire arthroscope is disposable; in this case, the aforementioned connector sealing cover 510 and the front end of the handle 511 are retained, providing good sealing and protection. Even if a small amount of injected medium leaks from the rear end of the integrated connector 509, it can be blocked by the cover 510 and the front end of the handle, respectively, to avoid affecting the components inside the handle. Alternatively, in the case where disassembly is not possible, the integrated connector 509 can be integrated with the handle housing 5112, eliminating the need for the intermediate connector sealing cover 510 and / or the front end face of the handle 511. If the connector sealing cover 510 is not provided, then, for example, the illumination beam 517, the image transmission beam 515 (or, in another example, the camera cable, etc.) can directly enter the handle 511 and mate with the corresponding components.

[0208] When soft tissue shaving or other operations are required, in this embodiment, the shaving drill 505 can be inserted into the surgical tool intervention channel from the front end, and the transmission connector 5054 at the tail end of the shaving drill 505 can be inserted into the coupling 512 connected to the motor 5118. Then, the trigger 5117 on the handle component 511 is pulled, the proximity switch 5116 is closed, the motor 5118 works, and the shaving drill 505 begins to rotate around the central axis (or in other examples, the shaving drill 505 can be rotated around the central axis by manual operation). The lens (objective lens 501 or camera with light source) at the front end of the arthroscope can swing the shaving drill 505 to both sides to observe and diagnose the condition inside the joint cavity; specifically, by rotating the connector pipe 5072 of the injection connector valve 507, the traction parts 516 on both sides (such as pull ropes) are moved back and forth to make the lens swing. Normally, the lens and planing drill 505 are adjusted back to the middle position with zero swing angle before planing begins (it is possible in some cases that the planing drill 505, which has already been swung to one side, can be driven to perform planing work; in this case, the working range of the front planing drill bit 5051 is larger, requiring sufficient space in the joint cavity, and it is necessary to avoid affecting tissue parts that do not need to be removed).

[0209] When a liquid medium needs to be injected, the injection needle 504 can be inserted from the front into the opening of the surgical tool intervention channel 506. The connector line 5072 of the injection connector valve 507 is connected to a syringe or dropper, etc. The liquid is injected from the syringe or dropper into the connector line 5072, then enters the axial channel 5095 of the integrated connector 509, and then enters the surgical tool intervention channel connected to the axial channel 5095. After passing through the surgical tool intervention channel and the injection needle 504, it finally flows out from the needle tip 5041 into the joint cavity. The injected liquid can be a therapeutic drug or used to clean or appropriately dilate the joint cavity to maintain a clear view. In some examples, a gaseous medium can also be injected, in which case the connector line 5072 is connected to a gas delivery device. Alternatively, in other examples, the medium can flow in reverse. For example, a device for aspirating the medium (such as a syringe) can be connected to connector tubing 5072, and a medium can be aspirated from the joint cavity using injection needle 504, and the medium can be transported to the aspiration device through injection needle 504, surgical tool intervention channel, axial channel 5095 of integrated connector 509, and connector tubing 5072.

[0210] The arthroscope described in this embodiment 2 adds a surgical tool intervention channel, which is used to assemble various replaceable surgical tools. For example, a needle tube and needle can be installed on the edge of the objective lens in the field of view for injecting drugs, cells, nanomaterials or mixtures thereof, etc., to achieve the function of targeted injection; or, effusion, hematoma, etc. can be aspirated from the joint cavity through the needle tube and needle; or, for example, a planer can be installed to remove cartilage or floating fibrous tissue of the meniscus, etc., to achieve the function of soft tissue repair.

[0211] Compared to the structure of Embodiment 1, the endoscope tube 514 in this example requires more internal space due to the surgical tool intervention channel, and its outer diameter will also increase accordingly. For example, the outer diameter of the surgical tool intervention channel is approximately 2.0 mm (if the surgical tool can reduce its outer diameter while meeting its own strength requirements, the outer diameter of the surgical tool intervention channel can be reduced accordingly), and the outer diameter of the endoscope tube 514 is approximately 3.0 mm, which can still be used with a puncture cannula with an outer diameter of approximately 3.4 mm.

[0212] Example 3

[0213] In this third embodiment, the arthroscope with the surgical tool intervention channel in the second embodiment was appropriately modified and expanded.

[0214] like Figure 22As shown, the arthroscope described in Embodiment 3 has a hollow surgical tool intervention channel (including a first intervention channel 5014 located in the objective section 501' and a second intervention channel 506 located in the endoscope tube; these can be the same channel or two channels that are sealed together) inside the objective section 501' to the endoscope tube 514'.

[0215] In examples where the arthroscopy lens steering (swinging) function is not required, the steering unit 502 and the traction unit 516 ( Figure 13 The objective lens 501' can be directly connected to the front end of the lens tube 514' without any additional settings. Matching clips (male / female clips, etc.) are not required, or they can be used to assist in the fixed connection between the objective lens 501' and the lens tube 514' (without leaving a gap for turning next to the clips). Here, the numerical markings of the objective lens 501' and lens tube 514' are apostrophed to illustrate the slight differences at the connection point between these components and the components with the same numbers in Embodiment 2; for components without apostrophes, refer to the components with the same numbers in Embodiments 1 and 2.

[0216] Since there is no need to consider factors such as turning or swaying, the part in the surgical tool intervention channel that originally corresponded to the turning part 502 can be a straight tube without bending; therefore, it can continue to be manufactured using flexible materials, or it can be manufactured without flexible materials. The protective bushing 503 (flexible or non-flexible) can continue to be provided and fitted onto the outside of the mating part between the objective lens section 501' and the lens tube 514'; or the protective bushing 503 can be omitted.

[0217] The imaging objective lens 5011 and the illumination section 5012 of the objective lens section 501' Figure 14 ), respectively connected to the image transmission beam 515 and the illumination beam 517 passing through the lens tube 514'. Figure 13 The front end of each fiber bundle is connected to the integrated connector 509; the rear end of each fiber bundle passes through the interior of the integrated connector 509 and connects with the image coupling end 5101 and the illumination fiber end 5102 on the connector sealing cover 510. Figure 12 The image coupling end 5101 and the illumination fiber optic end 5102 are connected to the light source 5111 and the image acquisition module (such as camera 5119) exposed on the front end of the handle, respectively. (Alternatively, in another example, the objective lens is replaced with a camera with a light source, and the illumination beam and image transmission beam are replaced with cables that power and transmit signals to the camera, so that the rear end of the cable is connected to the cable interface at the connector sealing cover, and then connected to the cable interface at the handle.) The handle is equipped with integrated circuitry (including a central processing module, communication module, power supply module, etc.), control buttons, power supply, and external terminal equipment of the arthroscope. Figure 8 , Figure 9 The above content can be referred to the descriptions in Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2, and will not be repeated here.

[0218] In the above example where the lens turning (swinging) function of the arthroscope is not required, the traction unit 516 is not required. Therefore, even if the injection connector valve 507 is provided on the integrated connector 509 ( Figure 17 To operate it and make it rotate, the lens will not be affected; or, in some examples, the injection connector valve 507 can be fixed so that it cannot rotate.

[0219] If the surgical instrument intervention channel requires the installation of an injection needle (504) Figure 16 If a medium (fluid) is injected into or extracted from the joint cavity, then the structure, position, connection relationship, and working principle of components such as the injection connector valve 507 (valve knob 5071, connector pipe 5072, etc.), the pipe mounting hole 5092 for installing the injection connector valve 507, and the axial channel 5095 corresponding to the central axis and connecting to the surgical tool intervention channel are described. Figure 21 For all of the above, please refer to the description in Example 2, which will not be repeated here.

[0220] In some examples, since it is not necessary to install the injection needle 504 in the surgical instrument intervention channel, the structure at the integrated connector can be adapted. For example, the tubing mounting hole 5092 can be closed, and components related to the injection connector valve 507 do not need to be installed. Figure 17 , Figure 21 The axial channel 5095 within the integrated connector can be retained (without needing to retain the opening corresponding to the pipe mounting hole 5092); or, the axial channel 5095 can be removed, allowing the surgical tool intervention channel to extend to the rear of the integrated connector, for example, to the vicinity of the coupling 512 at the connector sealing cover 510, so that the drive connector 5054 at the rear end of the planer drill 505 passes through the surgical tool intervention channel (the rear end of the second intervention channel 506) and directly connects to the front end of the coupling 512.

[0221] In Example 2, the planing drill 505, as... Figure 15 , Figure 20 As shown, an example of a surgical tool that performs treatment operations by external force includes a planing drill bit 5051, a flexible drive shaft 5053, and a drive joint 5054. The planing drill bit 5051 is located outside the surgical tool intervention channel (in front of the first intervention channel 5014), while the flexible drive shaft 5053 is mostly inserted inside the surgical tool intervention channel. When the motor 5118 located in the handle is started, its shaft 51181 drives the drive joint 5054, the flexible drive shaft 5053, and the planing drill bit 5051 to rotate around the central axis through the coupling 512, and the planing drill bit 5051 repairs soft tissue within the joint cavity.

[0222] Example 3 will provide some new driving methods for planing drills, or other surgical tools that can replace planing drills and are inserted into the surgical tool intervention channel; these driving methods are applicable to the arthroscopes that can be steered (oscillated) as described in Example 2, or the arthroscopes that do not need to be steered (oscillated) as described above in this example; they are also applicable to examples where the injection connector valve 507 is provided or not provided at the integrated connector 509.

[0223] In this example of a driving method provided in Embodiment 3, unlike Embodiment 2, it is not necessary to install a coupling 512 at the joint sealing cover 510, nor is it necessary to install a motor 5118 inside the handle. Figure 22 , Figure 23 As shown, this example has a through channel 520 along the central axis inside the handle. Its front end is connected to one end of the axial channel 5095 of the integrated connector 509 via a through hole on the front surface of the handle and a through hole 5103 on the connector sealing cover plate 510. This allows it to communicate with the surgical tool intervention channel connected to the other end of the axial channel 5095 (in an example without an axial channel 5095, the front end of the through channel 520 is directly aligned with and communicates with the rear end of the surgical tool intervention channel). The rear end of the through channel 520 is provided with an operating interface 521 exposed on the surface of the handle (e.g., the rear surface along the axial direction).

[0224] To facilitate understanding, we will first take a planing drill as an example. Compared with the planing drill in Embodiment 2, the planing drill 505 in this example needs to have a longer flexible drive shaft 5053 (for arthroscopes without steering and swing functions, the drive shaft may not be flexible). It not only passes through the first intervention channel 5014 and the second intervention channel 506, but also extends further rearward along the central axis, passes through the integrated joint 509 and its joint sealing cover 510, the front surface of the handle, and enters the through channel 520 in the handle.

[0225] In the example with the through channel 520, the planing drill 505 can be rotated around its central axis manually or electrically. For example, the drive joint 5054 behind the flexible drive shaft 5053 of the planing drill 505 can extend from the operation interface 521 of the through channel 520 and be exposed on the surface of the handle (such as the rear surface), allowing the user to directly rotate the drive joint 5054 manually; or, the drive joint 5054 can be rotated using a separate manual tool (such as a wrench or screwdriver) or power tool (such as a second motor equipped with a second coupling); or, the rear end of the drive joint 5054 remains inside the handle, and the manual tool or power tool can contact and rotate the drive joint 5054 through the operation interface 521 (depending on the position of the drive joint 5054 and the operation interface 521, the drive unit on the manual tool or power tool used to drive the surgical tool can be inserted into the handle or on the surface of the handle to operate the drive joint 5054).

[0226] For example, a second motor (not shown) located outside the arthroscope can be connected to the drive joint of a planing drill via a second coupling (not shown) located inside the handle, driving the planing drill to rotate around its central axis. The second coupling can be installed inside the handle at the location corresponding to the rear end of the through-channel 520, allowing it to rotate at that point. After the planing drill is inserted, the drive joint connects to the second coupling inside the handle, and then connects to the shaft of the external second motor via the second coupling. Alternatively, both the second coupling and the second motor are located outside the arthroscope, and after the planing drill's drive joint passes through the operating interface 521 of the through-channel 520, the drive joint is connected to the shaft of the second motor via the second coupling. When the drive joint 5054 is rotated by external force in any of the above manual or electric methods, the flexible drive shaft 5053 and the planing drill bit 5051 of the planing drill can be rotated, allowing the planing drill bit 5051 to repair the soft tissue within the joint cavity.

[0227] Here is another example of a through-channel 520, in which the coupling 512 described in Embodiment 2 is still provided, and its position on the joint sealing cover 510 is the same as... Figure 20 , Figure 21The design is essentially the same as the previous one. The front end of the coupling 512 is connected to the drive joint 5054 of the planing drill 505. Instead of housing a motor 5118 inside the handle, the rear end of the coupling 512 is connected to the front end of a second rotating shaft (not shown) that can rotate about a central axis. This second rotating shaft is positioned axially rearward of the coupling 512, and its main body continues to extend axially rearward. The rear end (or rear section) of this second rotating shaft can protrude from the operating interface 521 of the through-channel 520, exposing itself on the surface of the handle (e.g., the axially rearward surface), allowing the user to operate it manually. Alternatively, the second shaft can be rotated using a separate manual tool (such as a wrench or screwdriver) or power tool (such as a second motor with a second coupling); or, the rear end of the second shaft remains inside the handle, and the drive unit of the manual or power tool can contact the rear end of the second shaft through the operation interface 521 to rotate the second shaft (depending on the position of the rear end of the second shaft and the operation interface 521, the drive unit of the manual or power tool can be inserted into the handle or on the surface of the handle to operate the second shaft). The method by which the second motor connects to the second shaft inside the handle via a second coupling located inside or outside the handle can be similar to the method of connecting the transmission joint extending into the handle in the previous example, and will not be repeated here. When the second shaft inside the handle is driven to rotate using the various manual or power methods described above, the transmission joint 5054 and flexible transmission shaft 5053 of the planing drill are driven to rotate through the first coupling 512, which in turn drives the front-end planing drill bit 5051 to rotate, thereby repairing the soft tissue within the joint cavity through the planing drill bit 5051.

[0228] In different examples with a through-channel 520, depending on the type of surgical instrument, the different structures and sizes of the front and rear ends of the surgical instrument, the front opening of the surgical instrument intervention channel can be used as the entry point for inserting the surgical instrument (in this case, the operating interface 521 at the rear end of the through-channel 520 can be used as the exit point), and the surgical instrument is inserted into the arthroscope from front to back; or, the operating interface 521 of the through-channel 520 can be used as the entry point for inserting the surgical instrument, and the front opening of the surgical instrument intervention channel becomes the exit point, and the surgical instrument is inserted into the arthroscope from back to front. Surgical instruments inserted from the front need to be installed on the arthroscope first, and then inserted into the joint cavity together; while surgical instruments inserted from the rear can be inserted into the joint cavity along with the arthroscope, or they can be inserted into the arthroscope after the arthroscope has been inserted into the joint cavity.

[0229] It is understood that if the treatment section at the tip of the surgical tool exceeds the inner diameter of the surgical tool intervention channel, the surgical tool needs to be inserted into the arthroscope from front to back; if the outer diameter of the rear end of the surgical tool exceeds the operation interface 521 of the through channel 520, the surgical tool needs to be inserted into the arthroscope from back to front; if neither of these situations applies, there is no need to restrict the insertion direction of the surgical tool (regardless of the insertion method, the structure and size of the transmission components must ensure that at least a majority of the transmission components can pass through the through channel 520 of the handle (axial channel 5095 of the integrated connector, if any) and the surgical tool intervention channel).

[0230] Taking the planing drill as an example, in Embodiment 2, the protective sleeve 5052 is installed outside the planing drill bit 5051 ( Figure 15 The outer diameter of the planer drill 505 exceeds the inner diameter of the surgical tool intervention channel, and it needs to be fixed to the front end of the objective lens 501. Therefore, the planer drill 505 is inserted into the arthroscope from front to back. In embodiment two, there is no through channel 520. The rear end of the planer drill 505 exits from the surgical tool intervention channel, enters the axial channel 5095, and docks with the coupling 512 there. In some modified examples, if the front end of the planer drill does not have a protective sleeve 5052, or if the outer diameter is small enough when there is a protective sleeve to pass through the through channel 520, the axial channel 5095, and the surgical tool intervention channel arranged along the central axis, such a planer drill can be inserted from back to front.

[0231] In other variations without a through-channel, if the coupling 512 is replaced with a third coupling installed in the handle, with its rear end docking with the motor 5118 and the front end of the third coupling extending from the front end of the handle, the planing drill can be inserted from front to back, with the transmission joint 5054 at its rear end extending from the through hole 5103 on the joint sealing cover 510 and docking with the front end of the third coupling. Based on this modified example, if the front end of the planer is small enough, the front end of the planer can be exposed in front of the arthroscope after passing through the through hole 5103, the axial channel 5095, and the surgical tool intervention channel of the connector sealing cover 510 in sequence from back to front, before the front half of the arthroscope is connected to the handle component. Alternatively, the transmission connector 5054 at the rear end of the planer can be connected to the third coupling before the front end of the planer is inserted into the through hole 5103 (i.e., the planer and the handle component form an assembly first, and then it is connected to the front half). Or, the transmission connector 5054 at the rear end of the planer can be connected to the third coupling after the front end of the planer has passed out from the front of the surgical tool intervention channel (i.e., the planer and the front half of the arthroscope form an assembly first, and then it is connected to the handle component).

[0232] For examples where a planing drill has a through-channel 520 and its rear end is exposed outside the operating interface 521 and is manually driven, structures can be provided on the exposed portion of the planing drill's rear end to facilitate direct manual operation. For example, the diameter of the exposed portion can be appropriately increased (and a knurled or other anti-slip surface can be added if necessary). Alternatively, to increase the lever arm, one or more operating segments can be provided on the exposed portion at a certain angle (e.g., a right angle) to the central axis. In this case, the rear end of the planing drill can be L-shaped (one operating segment), T-shaped (two operating segments), or cross-shaped (four operating segments), etc. Such a planing drill's rear end will extend beyond the operating interface 521 of the through-channel 520 and can be inserted from back to front.

[0233] In an example with a through-passage 520, such as Figure 23 , Figure 24 , Figure 25 As shown, a closure mechanism 300 can be further provided, which includes a closure valve 310 and a valve stent 320. In this example, the valve stent 320 is a funnel-shaped structure, fixedly installed in the rear of the integrated connector 509, before the connector sealing cover plate 510. A sealing ring 330 is provided between the front end face of the valve stent 320 and the interface opposite it in the integrated connector 509. The front opening of the funnel-shaped valve stent 320 is small and communicates with the axial channel 5095 in the integrated connector 509, and then with the surgical tool intervention channel. The rear opening of the valve stent 320 is large and is covered by the closure valve 310. The closure valve 310 has a valve nozzle 311, which communicates with the through hole 5103 on the connector sealing cover plate 510. Figure 12 Once aligned, surgical instruments can pass through the valve opening 311.

[0234] Without surgical instruments, if the closure valve 310 is subjected to an anterior force from the direction of the surgical instrument intervention channel ( Figure 23 When pressure is input from the left side, valve 311 closes; after the surgical tool is set, valve 311 opens. For example, when the surgical tool is inserted forward from the operating interface 521 of the through channel 520 at the handle, the tip of the surgical tool passes through the through channel 520, the through hole on the front surface of the handle, the through hole 5103 on the connector sealing cover plate 510, and valve 311 in sequence, and then enters the cavity closure mechanism 300. It then passes through the small-diameter front opening of the cavity closure mechanism 300 and enters the axial channel 5095 of the integrated connector 509 and the surgical tool intervention channel (second intervention channel 506, first intervention channel 5014) in sequence, until the tip of the surgical tool protrudes from the opening at the front of the first intervention channel 5014 and is exposed in front of the lens. The sealing ring 330 on the front surface of the cavity closure mechanism 300 ( Figure 23The sealing ring 330 is press-fitted with the outer diameter of the surgical instrument. When the surgical instrument is inserted into the front opening of the closure mechanism 300, the sealing ring 330 undergoes elastic deformation, preventing fluid from flowing out of the joint cavity. In this example, the arthroscope, by setting the closure mechanism 300, achieves the insertion of the puncture cannula 3 (… Figure 1 () has a closed-loop function.

[0235] In some examples, the arthroscope can be used directly with the puncture cone, eliminating the need for a puncture cannula 3: compared to Figure 1 The puncture cone 4 in this example has a sufficiently long shaft to allow it to be inserted into the arthroscope (e.g., inserted from the rear through-channel 520, axial channel 5095, and surgical instrument intervention channel), forming an assembly of the arthroscope and the puncture cone. The rear end of the puncture cone remains outside the operating interface 521 of the through-channel 520. The tip of the puncture cone extends from the front of the surgical instrument intervention channel to puncture the joint cavity skin tissue. The arthroscope lens and other components then penetrate the skin tissue and are inserted into the joint cavity. After the puncture cone is removed from the aforementioned channels and separated from the arthroscope, a surgical channel is established between the joint cavity and the outside through the aforementioned channels of the arthroscope.

[0236] The arthroscope used directly with the puncture cone is preferably an arthroscope with a closure mechanism. That is, a closure mechanism is provided at a suitable location to be established as a surgical channel (e.g., at a point in the axial channel 5095 or through channel 520 where insertion into the body is not required) to prevent fluid from flowing out of the joint cavity. (The valve in the closure mechanism closes when pressure is applied in the direction of the surgical instrument's intervention and opens when the surgical instrument is inserted; the shape and size of the valve stent can be designed according to the internal space of the surgical channel.) It is not excluded that in other examples, an arthroscope without a closure mechanism may be used in conjunction with the puncture cone.

[0237] Furthermore, it cannot be ruled out that in some other examples, the puncture cone, which forms an assembly with the arthroscope, does not need to be removed from the arthroscope after piercing the skin tissue. That is, in this case, the surgical instrument access channel of the arthroscope is used to install the puncture cone without replacing it with another surgical instrument. Alternatively, this could be in situations where it is permissible to remove the arthroscope lens or similar components from the body and replace the puncture cone with another surgical instrument (e.g., when performed in a clean and sterile environment). The puncture cone that does not need to be removed may include a vertebral rod (connecting the tip and the rear end exposed outside the operating interface) inserted within the aforementioned channels; or, another type of puncture cone that does not need to be removed may only include the tip and a fixing connector for securing the puncture cone to the surgical instrument access channel (the puncture cone can be inserted into the surgical instrument access channel from the front).

[0238] The planer drill described above is an example and is not intended to limit the types, front and rear structure, or working principles of surgical tools. In some examples, surgical tools that can replace the planer drill and be installed in the surgical tool intervention channel (or in both the surgical tool intervention channel and the through channel) are provided with a treatment section and a transmission component. The structure and dimensions of the front or rear end of the surgical tool must support its insertion into the arthroscope from front to back or from back to front. After insertion, the treatment section at the front end is located in front of the surgical tool intervention channel and is exposed to the arthroscope's field of vision. The transmission component is mostly installed in several channels arranged along the central axis, and the rear end of the transmission component extends to different positions axially. Driven by external force (manual or electric), it drives the treatment section to perform some operations. The operation can be to drive the transmission component to rotate the treatment section around the central axis by operating the rear end of the transmission component; or it can be to drive the treatment section to perform corresponding treatment within the joint cavity by operating the rear end of the transmission component (some surgical tools perform treatment operations simultaneously when the treatment section rotates and contacts the tissue within the joint cavity).

[0239] After insertion, the rear end of the transmission component of the surgical tool can be positioned in the following locations: for example, within the axial channel 5095 of the manifold 509 (an example where a through channel is not required, allowing insertion from front to back); or, outside the through hole 5103 of the manifold sealing cover 510 (no through channel is required, allowing insertion of the manifold before assembling the anterior and posterior halves of the arthroscope, either from front to back or from back to front; the drive unit of the manual or power tool is located at the handle); or, within the through channel 520 at the handle (either from front to back or from back to front; the drive unit of the manual or power tool is connected to the transmission component within this through channel for operation); or, exposed behind the operating interface 521 of the through channel 520 (either from front to back or from back to front; the user can directly operate the transmission component, or the drive unit of an external manual or power tool can be connected to the transmission component outside the operating interface for operation).

[0240] If the manual or power tool and the surgical instrument are detachable, the insertion direction of the surgical instrument is designed by considering factors such as the structure and size of the front or rear end of the surgical instrument itself, and the actual needs of the examination or surgical treatment. The surgical instrument can be inserted into its designated position on the arthroscope before being connected to the manual or power tool, or the surgical instrument can be connected to the manual or power tool first, and then inserted into the arthroscope in a suitable direction. If the manual or power tool and the rear end of the surgical instrument are not detachable, the structure and size of the front end of the surgical instrument are designed so that it can be inserted into the arthroscope through the operating interface 521 of the through channel 520, while the manual or power tool remains outside the operating interface 521.

[0241] Furthermore, in other examples, if the transmission component at the rear end of the surgical tool is inseparable from the instrument or device operating it, the surgical tool can be pre-installed inside the arthroscope (e.g., the treatment section is in front of the lens, the transmission component is in several channels along the central axis, and the instrument or device operating it is arranged at the handle), such a surgical tool cannot be removed for replacement.

[0242] The surgical tool is any instrument or device capable of performing at least one surgical procedure within the joint cavity. The surgical tool can be mechanical or non-mechanical (e.g., an electronic device). The treatment section at the tip of the surgical tool can be of various types, such as cutting, clamping, or suction devices, and can have various structures such as knives, drills, scissors, forceps, tweezers, clamps, needles, hooks, files, and chisels, and is not limited to these. The treatment section of the surgical tool can be contact-type, performing surgical operations by directly contacting the tissues or structures within the joint cavity, such as sampling, trimming, or evaluation; or it can be non-contact-type, for example, performing surgical operations by generating or releasing a specific substance at close range. For example, the treatment section can provide ultrasound, plasma, laser, magnetic field, heat energy, fluid media, or add solid substances (such as cells or tissues). For example, the treatment section can use the specific substance provided by the treatment section to produce a combined effect within the joint cavity, or to achieve substance synthesis (the synthesis of several substances provided within the cavity, or the synthesis of the provided substance with existing substances within the cavity). The treatment section can also perform surgical operations by aspirating certain substances from the joint cavity, such as aspirating effusion, hematoma, or fluid after flushing. Surgical instruments and their treatment parts are not limited to the examples above in terms of form, working principle, target of action, and surgical procedures that can be performed.

[0243] Figure 26 The circled area schematically illustrates the treatment sections of several different types of surgical tools, such as a plasma cryoablation device 5, a bone curette 6, a miniature ultrasonic scalpel 7, a biopsy forceps 8, and an irrigator 9. This is not intended to limit the surgical tools or the form of their treatment sections applicable to this invention. Figure 26 The symbol 900 in the figure schematically represents a component 900 disposed after the transmission component, which may be a device used to operate, control, or power the surgical tool (e.g., an external tool, instrument, or device that can be assembled with the transmission component, or an instrument or device on the surgical tool that is inseparable from the transmission component, etc., and is not limited thereto).

[0244] If the surgical tool itself, such as the front section of its transmission component, is not flexible or can not be bent, such a surgical tool can be adapted to an arthroscope without a steering section 502 (as described above in Embodiment 3), or the steering section 502 of the arthroscope to which it is adapted can be prevented from swinging (for example, the user does not operate the injection connector valve 507 connected to the traction section 516; or, a mechanism can be provided to lock the rotation function of the injection connector valve 507; or, the flexible protective bushing 503 on the outside of the steering section 502 can be replaced with a rigid bushing that cannot be bent to limit the swinging of the steering section 502, etc.).

[0245] In addition, although the injection needle 504 ( Figure 16 , Figure 21 As a surgical tool that can replace a planing drill and be installed in the surgical tool intervention channel, the injection needle 504 does not need to pass through the surgical tool intervention channel (there are no transmission components as described in other surgical tools), and the user does not need to operate the injection needle 504 itself. In Embodiment 2, an example has been described in which the injection needle 504 is placed in front of the surgical tool intervention channel, and the injection connector valve 507, pipeline mounting hole 5092, axial channel 5095, etc. at the integrated connector 509 are used to carry out the injection or extraction of media in conjunction with the injection needle 504.

[0246] In addition, for example, in the example where the injection connector valve 507 and the pipeline mounting hole 5092 are removed, the injection needle 504 is still located at the front end of the surgical tool intervention channel. Furthermore, based on the through channel 520 opened in the handle and connected to the surgical tool intervention channel as described in Embodiment 3, the second injection connector valve is installed on the operation interface 521 of the through channel 520. Through the second injection connector valve here, a container for placing media or a device for delivering media can be connected to the outside of the arthroscope. Thus, through the injection needle 504, the surgical tool intervention channel, the axial channel 5095 (if any), and the through channel 520, a passage for media to flow is formed (the closure mechanism 300 can prevent fluid backflow; if it is an aspiration medium, the closure mechanism 300 is not required; if it is an injection medium, it is necessary to consider whether the fluid injected from the outside is sufficient to push the closure valve 310 and open its valve nozzle 311. Therefore, the closure mechanism 300 can be set or removed as needed). Alternatively, in another example with a closure mechanism 300, instead of a second injection connector valve, a sufficiently long needle is provided for the external syringe. This needle passes through the operating interface 521, sequentially through the through channel 520, the through hole 5103 of the connector sealing cover plate 510, and the valve nozzle 311 of the closure mechanism 300. The fluid is then delivered through the opening at the front end of the closure mechanism 300 to the connected surgical tool intervention channel, and then injected into the joint cavity via the foremost injection needle 504.

[0247] In summary, the arthroscope described in Embodiment 3, based on the existing surgical tool intervention channel, further incorporates a through-channel communicating with the handle, allowing for the configuration of various types of surgical tools and providing more flexible options for tool installation and operation. Compared to the structure of Embodiment 2, Embodiment 3 primarily adjusts the external handle; therefore, the outer diameter of the endoscope tube itself remains unchanged. For example, the outer diameter of the surgical tool intervention channel is approximately 2.0 mm, and the outer diameter of the endoscope tube is 3.0 mm, still allowing for the use of puncture cannulas with an outer diameter of approximately 3.4 mm. In some examples, a closure mechanism 300 is provided inside the arthroscope, eliminating the need for a separate puncture cannula.

[0248] Although the present invention has been described in detail through the preferred embodiments above, it should be understood that the above description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention. Various modifications and substitutions to the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art after reading the above description. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An arthroscope, characterized in that, Comprise: The lens, the steering part, the mirror tube are connected in turn, and the handle is arranged at the rear of the mirror tube; The lens is used for acquiring images; a plurality of cables for providing illumination and transmitting images are provided for the lens, two traction parts for driving the lens to swing are provided, and the cables are arranged in the interiors of the steering part and the mirror tube; The rear ends of the plurality of cables are respectively connected to a plurality of devices for providing illumination and processing images at the handle; A central axis corresponding to the axis of the mirror tube is defined and respectively extends forward and rearward; the arthroscope is further provided with a steering driving part comprising a rotation part capable of rotating clockwise or counterclockwise around a rotation axis; the rotation axis is perpendicular to the central axis; The two traction parts are respectively located on the two sides of the central axis, and the front ends of the two traction parts are respectively connected to the two sides of the lens, and the rear ends are respectively connected to the two sides of the rotation part; any one side of the two sides of the central axis is referred to as a first side, and the other side is referred to as a second side; When the rotation part rotates in one direction around the rotation axis, the traction part on the first side is pulled rearward, and at least the lens swings toward the first side; when the rotation part rotates in the other direction around the rotation axis, the traction part on the second side is pulled rearward, and at least the lens swings toward the second side.

2. The arthroscope of claim 1, wherein: The steering part comprises one or more steering joints, and the front end and the rear end of each steering joint are respectively provided with buckles; the rear end of the lens and the front end of the mirror tube are also respectively provided with buckles; any buckle and another buckle connected thereto form a connection capable of swinging relative to each other; The lens, the steering joint, and the mirror tube connected in turn through the buckles leave spacing gaps corresponding to the first side and the second side between the positions beside the respective buckles; when the spacing gap on any one side decreases, the spacing gap on the other side increases correspondingly; When the steering part is provided with one steering joint, the lens and the steering joint form a combination capable of swinging together, and when the traction part on the first side or the second side is pulled rearward, the lens and the steering joint simultaneously swing toward the first side or the second side, thereby reducing the spacing gap between the lens and the steering joint, between the steering joint and the mirror tube on the first side or the second side; Alternatively, when the steering part is provided with a plurality of steering joints, the lens and the plurality of steering joints form a combination capable of swinging together, and when the traction part on the first side or the second side is pulled rearward, all components in the combination simultaneously swing toward the first side or the second side, thereby reducing the spacing gap between the lens and the first steering joint, between adjacent steering joints, and between the last steering joint and the mirror tube on the first side or the second side; When the rotation part rotates, the traction part on one side is pulled rearward, and the rearward pulling force is transmitted through the traction part on the one side to drive the lens and the combination in which the lens is located to swing, and the traction part on the other side moves forward under the driving of the lens. Alternatively, when the rotating part rotates, one side of the traction part is pulled backward and the other side of the traction part is pushed forward; then the two traction parts respectively transmit the backward pulling force and the forward pushing force, so that the lens and the combination where the lens is located swing toward the side where the traction part that is pulled backward is located.

3. The arthroscope according to claim 2, wherein, the arthroscope is provided with a surgical tool access channel in the interior of the lens, the rotating part and the lens tube; the surgical tool access channel is a section of access channel, or a plurality of sections of access channels that are connected in sequence and in communication with each other; the lens tube is connected to the handle through a comprehensive joint arranged at the rear of the lens tube; the combination of the lens, the rotating part, the lens tube and the comprehensive joint is detachably connected to the handle, or is not detachable; the comprehensive joint is provided with an axial channel arranged along the central axis and in communication with the surgical tool access channel; a plurality of surgical tools matched with the arthroscope are replaceably installed to the surgical tool access channel; the surgical tools are mechanical or non-mechanical; the surgical tool is provided with a treatment part at the front end thereof, which swings with the lens; when the surgical tool is installed to the surgical tool access channel, the treatment part is located in front of the surgical tool access channel; the treatment part is contact or non-contact; wherein, the rear end of the surgical tool is installed to the front end of the surgical tool access channel; or the surgical tool is further provided with a transmission part behind the treatment part; for the surgical tool with the transmission part, if the handle is provided with a through channel arranged along the central axis and in communication with the axial channel, the transmission part is arranged in the surgical tool access channel, the axial channel and the through channel; wherein, the rear end of the transmission part is directly connected to or connected through an intermediate part to a hand tool or an electric tool that can operate the surgical tool in the through channel; or the rear end of the transmission part is exposed outside an operation interface at the rear end of the through channel as an operation end that can be directly operated by a user, or is directly connected to or connected through an intermediate part to a hand tool or an electric tool that can operate the surgical tool; for the surgical tool with the transmission part, if the handle is not provided with the through channel, the transmission part is arranged in the surgical tool access channel and the axial channel; the rear end of the transmission part is directly connected to or connected through an intermediate part to a hand tool or an electric tool that can operate the surgical tool in the axial channel; the operation on the surgical tool includes an operation of making the surgical tool implement treatment in the joint cavity and / or an operation of making the surgical tool rotate around the central axis.

4. The arthroscope according to claim 3, wherein, one of the surgical tools matched with the arthroscope is a planing drill, which is provided with a planing drill bit at the front end thereof as a treatment part, exposed in front of the surgical tool access channel and swinging with the lens; The transmission component comprises a transmission joint arranged at the rear end of the planing drill, and a flexible transmission shaft connected between the planing drill and the transmission joint; the planing drill further comprises any one of A1~A4; A1, the flexible transmission shaft is arranged inside the surgical tool intervention channel and the axial channel, and the transmission joint is connected to the hand tool or the electric tool through the intermediate part; the intermediate part comprises a first coupling, the front end of which is connected to the transmission joint, and further comprises any one of A11~A14: A11, the rear end of the first coupling is connected to the first rotating shaft of the motor; the motor is arranged at the handle; A12, the rear end of the first coupling is connected to the first rotating shaft of the motor; the motor and a device for controlling the opening and closing of the motor are arranged at the handle; the device comprises a trigger exposed on the surface of the handle, and a proximity switch for detecting the position of the trigger; By operating the trigger, the position of the trigger changes, and when the proximity switch detects the trigger, the motor is turned on, and the first rotating shaft rotates; or when the proximity switch cannot detect the trigger, the motor is turned off, and the first rotating shaft stops rotating; A13, the intermediate part further comprises a second rotating shaft, the front end of which is connected to the rear end of the first coupling; the second rotating shaft is arranged at the handle; the rear end of the second rotating shaft is exposed outside the operation interface at the rear end of the through channel, as an operation end for the user to directly operate the surgical tool, or for connecting the external hand tool or electric tool; A14, the intermediate part further comprises a second rotating shaft, the front end of which is connected to the rear end of the first coupling; the second rotating shaft is arranged at the handle; the rear end of the second rotating shaft is located inside the through channel, and the driving part of the hand tool or the electric tool is connected to the rear end of the second rotating shaft through the operation interface; The first coupling of any one of A11~A14 is arranged at the combination of the lens, the turning part, the mirror tube and the comprehensive joint, and the rear end of the first coupling extends outside the combination for connecting the first rotating shaft or the second rotating shaft; or the first coupling of any one of A11~A14 is arranged at the handle, and the front end of the first coupling extends outside the handle for connecting the transmission joint at the combination; A2, the flexible transmission shaft is arranged inside the surgical tool intervention channel and the axial channel, and the transmission joint is located inside the axial channel; the driving part of the hand tool or the electric tool enters the comprehensive joint through the operation interface and the through channel to connect the transmission joint; A3, the flexible transmission shaft is arranged inside the surgical tool intervention channel, the axial channel and the through channel, and the transmission joint is exposed outside the operation interface at the rear end of the through channel, as an operation end for the user to directly operate the surgical tool, or for directly connecting or connecting the external hand tool or electric tool through the intermediate part; A4, the flexible transmission shaft is arranged inside the surgical tool intervention channel, the axial channel and the through channel, and the transmission joint is located inside the through channel; the driving part of the hand tool or the electric tool is connected to the transmission joint through the operation interface.

5. The arthroscope of claim 4, wherein The planing drill further comprises B: B. The planing drill head is provided with a protective sleeve, which is provided with openings at some positions and is shielded at other positions, and the planing drill head is exposed at the openings of the protective sleeve; when the planing drill head rotates around the central axis, the protective sleeve connected with the lens does not rotate.

6. The arthroscope according to claim 3, wherein, One of the surgical tools matched with the arthroscope is an injection needle, which is installed at the front end of the surgical tool access channel, and the front end opening of the injection needle is in communication with the inside of the surgical tool access channel; The comprehensive joint behind the lens tube is further used for setting an injection joint valve; a joint pipeline of the injection joint valve is arranged at a pipeline mounting hole of the comprehensive joint; The joint pipeline is provided with an injection channel; a first end opening of the injection channel is in communication with the axial channel in the comprehensive joint; and a second end opening of the injection channel is used for connecting a container capable of containing medium or a device capable of delivering medium; A passage for the medium to flow is formed between the front end opening of the injection needle, the injection needle, the surgical tool access channel, the axial channel and the injection channel of the joint pipeline, and the container capable of containing medium or the device capable of delivering medium; the medium is a fluid; The injection needle further comprises any one of C1 to C6: C1. The joint pipeline of the injection joint valve is used as a rotation part, the axial direction of the injection channel of the joint pipeline corresponds to the rotation axis, the rear ends of the two traction parts are connected to the two sides of the joint pipeline respectively, and when the joint pipeline rotates around the rotation axis and pulls the traction parts backward, the lens and the combination thereof can swing toward the side where the traction part pulled backward is located; C2. The injection joint valve comprises a valve knob capable of connecting or disconnecting the injection channel; the valve knob comprises a knob part and a plug part, the plug part is arranged in a plug hole of the injection channel, the plug hole divides the injection channel into two sections, and the plug part rotates in the plug hole under the drive of the knob part to switch the opening or closing state of the injection joint valve; when the plug part rotates to a first position, the two sections of the injection channel are connected to each other through the channel in the plug part, and the injection joint valve is in the open state; when the plug part rotates to a second position, the channel in the plug part is offset from the two sections of the injection channel, the plug part blocks the two sections of the injection channel from each other, and the injection joint valve is in the closed state; C3. A locking structure for preventing the joint pipeline from falling out is arranged between the outer wall of the joint pipeline of the injection joint valve and the inner wall of the pipeline mounting hole of the comprehensive joint; the locking structure comprises at least one groove arranged on the inner wall of the pipeline mounting hole and at least one protrusion arranged on the outer wall of the joint pipeline; when the joint pipeline is inserted into the opening of the pipeline mounting hole, the protrusion is embedded in the groove. C4. The joint pipe of the injection joint valve is a rotating part, the axial direction of the injection channel of the joint pipe corresponds to the rotating axis; a locking structure is arranged between the outer wall of the joint pipe and the inner wall of the pipe mounting hole of the comprehensive joint to prevent the joint pipe from coming out; the locking structure comprises at least one groove arranged on the inner wall of the pipe mounting hole and at least one protrusion arranged on the outer wall of the joint pipe; when the joint pipe is inserted into the opening of the pipe mounting hole, the protrusion is embedded into the groove; wherein the groove of the locking structure is an annular groove or an arcuate groove segment matching the rotatable angle range of the joint pipe; C5. The outer wall of the joint pipe is provided with a cover, and when the joint pipe is inserted into the opening of the pipe mounting hole, the cover covers the opening of the pipe mounting hole; C6. The joint pipe of the injection joint valve is a rotating part, the axial direction of the injection channel of the joint pipe corresponds to the rotating axis; the outer wall of the joint pipe is provided with a cover, and when the joint pipe is inserted into the opening of the pipe mounting hole, the cover covers the opening of the pipe mounting hole; the cover is opposite to a flange surface provided on the comprehensive joint, which surrounds the opening of the pipe mounting hole; two channels are further arranged in the comprehensive joint, two traction parts are respectively arranged in the two channels and change their extension directions, the openings of the two channels are located on the flange surface; a certain gap is left between the cover and the flange surface to accommodate the rear sections of the two traction parts; the rear sections of the two traction parts respectively pass out of the openings of the two channels and are respectively connected to the two sides of the joint pipe.

7. The arthroscope according to claim 3, wherein the rear end of the comprehensive joint is provided with a joint sealing cover plate to be connected to the handle; a plurality of connection ports are arranged on the joint sealing cover plate and are respectively connected to the rear ends of a plurality of cables for providing illumination and transmitting images; when the joint sealing cover plate is connected to the handle, the plurality of connection ports are used to respectively connect a plurality of devices provided on the handle for providing illumination and processing images, so that the devices are connected to the cables; a through hole is arranged on the joint sealing cover plate to be passed through by the transmission member, the intermediate member, the driving part of the manual tool or the electric tool; when the comprehensive joint is connected to the handle provided with the through channel, the comprehensive joint is provided with a closing mechanism or is not provided with the closing mechanism; the closing mechanism comprises a closing valve and a valve support; the front end opening of the valve support is in communication with the axial channel in the comprehensive joint and further in communication with the surgical tool access channel; the rear end opening of the valve support is covered by the closing valve; a valve nozzle is arranged on the closing valve and is aligned with the through hole on the joint sealing cover plate; when a member passes through the valve nozzle, the valve nozzle is opened; when no member passes through and the closing valve is pressed from the direction of the surgical tool access channel, the valve nozzle is closed. The front end surface of the valve support and the interface opposite to the front end surface of the valve support in the integrated joint are provided with a sealing ring; the sealing ring is in interference fit with the outer diameter of the component passing through the valve nozzle, and the sealing ring is elastically deformed when the component passes through the valve nozzle; wherein the component passing through the valve nozzle includes a transmission component, or an intermediate piece, or a driving part of the manual tool or the electric tool.

8. The arthroscope of claim 1, wherein, The combination of the lens, the turning part and the mirror tube is detachably connected with the handle, or is not detachable; the turning driving part is located in the combination or in the handle; The turning driving part is provided with a bearing mechanism for rotatably mounting the rotating part in the combination or the handle; the turning driving part further includes two connecting rods respectively arranged at two sides of the rotating part; the rear ends of the two traction parts are respectively arranged to the two connecting rods; one end of each of the two connecting rods is connected to the rotating part, and the other end of at least one of the connecting rods is provided with a knob; The knob is exposed outside the surface of the combination or the handle where the turning driving part is located; when the knob is moved forward or backward, the connecting rod connected to the knob is moved forward or backward, and the rotating part is driven to rotate around the rotating axis, and the other connecting rod is moved backward or forward; The backward moving connecting rod is used to pull the traction part connected to the connecting rod backward, and further drive the lens to swing toward the side where the traction part is located.

9. The arthroscope of claim 8, wherein, The exposed surface of the knob is provided with anti-slip patterns; the patterns include concave-convex structures concave toward the direction close to the rotating part and convex toward the direction away from the rotating part; And / or, the shell of the combination or the handle where the turning driving part is located is provided with a strip-shaped slot hole matching the forward and backward moving range of the knob; at least one pair of interface boundaries arranged in the forward and backward direction between the knob and the slot hole is provided with a mechanism for controlling the angular swing of the lens; In the mechanism, the interface boundary on one side of the knob is provided with a plurality of fan-shaped grooves arranged continuously or with intervals in the forward and backward direction; the interface boundary on the other side of the slot hole is provided with a convex point or a plurality of convex points spaced apart in the forward and backward direction, and each convex point can be matched with any one groove currently moved to its position; with the movement of the knob, the lens swings a preset angle every time the convex point switches a groove.

10. The arthroscope of any one of claims 2-9, wherein, The lens includes a camera with a light source; a plurality of cables arranged inside the turning part and the mirror tube are used to transmit electric energy for the camera and its light source, and are also used to transmit signals corresponding to the images collected by the camera; Or, the lens includes a plurality of lenses of an objective part. The turning part and the inside of the mirror tube are provided with a plurality of cables, including a plurality of image transmission beams and a plurality of illumination beams; the front end of the image transmission beam is connected to a plurality of lenses of the objective lens part, and the rear end is connected to an image processing module at the handle; or, the rear end of the image transmission beam is connected to a plurality of lenses of the eyepiece part at the handle, and the plurality of lenses of the eyepiece part are connected to the image processing module; When two fiber bundles in the illumination beam are used as two traction parts, the front end of the traction part is connected to the objective lens part, and the rear end is connected to the light source provided at the rotating part or the rotating part; the front end of the other illumination beam is connected to the plurality of lenses of the objective lens part, and the rear end is connected to the light source provided at the handle; Or, all traction parts are independently provided; when the fiber bundle in the illumination beam is not used as a traction part, the front end of all illumination beams is connected to the plurality of lenses of the objective lens part, and the rear end is connected to the light source provided at the handle.

11. The arthroscope according to claim 10, wherein The image obtained by the arthroscope is transmitted to an external terminal device in a wired or wireless manner for display and / or storage; the handle of the arthroscope is provided with an integrated circuit, on which are arranged: a central processing module for controlling the operation of other modules; the central processing module is also signal-connected with the camera or the image processing module; the camera or the image processing module with image processing function is used to output the electrical signal corresponding to the image to the central processing module; a first communication module signal-connected with the central processing module, used to obtain the electrical signal and convert it into a communication signal that can be transmitted to the terminal device; the terminal device is provided with a second communication module that can at least receive the communication signal, which is also used to convert the communication signal into data that can be displayed by a display device set by the terminal device and / or stored by a storage module set by the terminal device; a power module connected with a power source, used to supply power to the electrical devices in the arthroscope; the power source is integrated in the handle and can be charged through a charging interface provided at the handle; or, the power source can be removed from the handle for replacement or charging; or, the power source is an independent power source outside the arthroscope, connected to the arthroscope in a wired or wireless manner; a port connected with a control button; the control button is exposed on the surface of the handle shell and is used to control the arthroscope; when the handle is provided with a light source, the integrated circuit is also provided with a port connected with the light source; when the handle is provided with an electric tool that can operate the surgical tool mounted to the arthroscope, the integrated circuit is also provided with a port connected with the electric tool and its control device.

12. The arthroscope of claim 11, wherein, Also comprising any one of D~R: D. The device matched with the arthroscope, comprising a puncture cone; the puncture cone is installed to the surgical tool intervention channel of the arthroscope, when the puncture cone and the arthroscope form an assembly, the cutter head at the front end of the puncture cone is used to pierce the skin tissue at the joint cavity; the lens, the steering part and the mirror tube of the arthroscope can be inserted into the joint cavity along with the piercing of the puncture cone; when the puncture cone is taken out, the surgical channel is established between the joint cavity and the outside of the body through the surgical tool intervention channel, the axial channel and the through channel which are arranged along the central axis of the arthroscope and are interconnected; E. The device matched with the arthroscope, comprising a puncture sleeve and a puncture cone; when the puncture sleeve and the puncture cone inserted into the puncture sleeve form an assembly, the cutter head at the front end of the puncture cone is used to pierce the skin tissue at the joint cavity; when the puncture cone is taken out, the surgical channel is established between the joint cavity and the outside of the body through the puncture sleeve; the lens, the steering part and the mirror tube of the arthroscope can be inserted into the joint cavity through the surgical channel established by the puncture sleeve; F. The steering part is provided with a hollow and flexible protective sleeve, which is located inside or outside the steering joint; G. The steering part is provided with a hollow and flexible protective sleeve, which is located inside the steering joint; the outer wall of the steering joint has a plurality of axial grooves for placing a part of the cable, and the inside of the steering joint is used for threading another part of the cable; H. The steering part is provided with a hollow and flexible protective sleeve, which is located outside the steering joint; the outer wall of the protective sleeve is smooth; I. The buckle at the rear end of each steering joint and the buckle at the rear end of the lens are male buckles, and the buckle at the front end of each steering joint and the buckle at the front end of the mirror tube are female buckles; or, the buckle at the rear end of each steering joint and the buckle at the rear end of the lens are female buckles, and the buckle at the front end of each steering joint and the buckle at the front end of the mirror tube are male buckles; J. The lens, the steering joint and the mirror tube leave a first side or a second side interval gap between the positions beside the respective buckles of the lens, the steering joint and the mirror tube; the corresponding swing angle of each interval gap on each side is 15°; K. The maximum swing angle of the lens on the first side and the second side is 60° respectively; when the maximum swing angle on any side is reached, each interval gap on this side is reduced to zero; L. The maximum swing angle of the lens on the first side and the second side is 60° respectively; when the maximum swing angle on any side is reached, each interval gap on this side is reduced to zero; Wherein, when the lens comprises an objective part, the illumination angle of the illumination beam in the cable on each side is 22.5°~30°, and then the viewing angle of the arthroscope on each side is 82.5°~90° after adding the maximum swing angle on each side; Or, when the lens comprises a camera with a light source, the viewing angle of the camera on each side is 60°, and then the viewing angle of the arthroscope on each side is 120° after adding the maximum swing angle on each side; M. The lens, the steering part and the mirror tube of the arthroscope are inserted into the joint cavity through the surgical channel established by the puncture sleeve matched with the arthroscope; the outer diameter of the puncture sleeve is below 3.4 mm; N. The outer diameter of the mirror tube is 1.0 mm, 1.2 mm, 1.5 mm or 2.0 mm without the surgical tool access channel; and the outer diameter of the mirror tube is about 3.0 mm with the surgical tool access channel; O. The angle of view of the arthroscope on each side is 82.5°-90° when the lens contains an objective lens part, or the angle of view of the arthroscope on each side is 120° when the lens contains a camera with a light source; wherein the outer diameter of the mirror tube is 1.0 mm, 1.2 mm, 1.5 mm or 2.0 mm without the surgical tool access channel; and the outer diameter of the mirror tube is about 3.0 mm with the surgical tool access channel; P. The angle of view of the arthroscope on each side is 82.5°-90° when the lens contains an objective lens part, or the angle of view of the arthroscope on each side is 120° when the lens contains a camera with a light source; wherein the outer diameter of the mirror tube is 1.0 mm, 1.2 mm, 1.5 mm or 2.0 mm without the surgical tool access channel; and the outer diameter of the mirror tube is about 3.0 mm with the surgical tool access channel; the lens, the steering part and the mirror tube of the arthroscope are inserted into the joint cavity through a surgical channel established by a puncture sleeve matched with the arthroscope, and the outer diameter of the puncture sleeve is less than 3.4 mm; Q. The combination of the lens, the steering part and the mirror tube is detachably connected to the handle; and the combination is disposable; R. The lens, the steering part and the mirror tube are not detachable from the handle; and the arthroscope is disposable.

13. The arthroscope of claim 3, wherein: the surgical tool is any instrument or device that can perform surgical operations in the joint cavity; and the treatment part of the surgical tool contains any of the following: the treatment part contacts the tissue or structure in the joint cavity and performs surgical operations thereon; the treatment part performs surgical operations by releasing a specified substance into the joint cavity; the treatment part performs surgical operations by generating a specified substance in the joint cavity; the treatment part performs surgical operations by suctioning a specified substance from the joint cavity.

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