Electrolytic machining tool cathode with synchronous liquid supply and liquid supply method thereof

Abstract

The present invention relates to a cathode of an electrolytic machining tool with synchronous liquid supply and a method for using the same. The cathode comprises a body, an elastic sealing gasket, an upper liquid storage cover, a lower liquid storage cover, an upper liquid storage cavity, a lower liquid storage cavity and a liquid separator. The interior of the body is a solid structure and is designed with a stepped shaft for easy installation and positioning. The elastic sealing gasket is elastically deformed by the clamping force of bolts and nuts to avoid electrolyte overflow and pressure attenuation. The upper liquid storage cover sleeved on the shaft is provided with a plurality of electrolyte supply holes. The lower liquid storage cover comprises an inner ring and an outer ring, and the inner ring and the outer ring retain oblique electrolyte outlets of a certain size and form a semi-closed structure with the upper liquid storage cover. The liquid separator enables the electrolyte to flow evenly into the lower liquid storage cavity. Under the action of high pressure, the electrolyte in the lower liquid storage cavity is ejected at high speed along the electrolyte outlet toward the tip of the body, thereby realizing electrolytic machining of micropores and avoiding residual protrusions at the center and uneven lateral liquid supply.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of electrolytic machining manufacturing, in particular to a synchronous liquid supplying electrolytic machining tool cathode and a liquid supply method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Micropores have widespread applications in aerospace, precision instrumentation, and micromedical applications. They are particularly important functional structures for turbine blade cooling and transmission bearing lubrication. For example, modern gas turbine rotor and stator assemblies may contain tens of thousands of small-diameter film cooling holes made of high-temperature alloys, and transmission bearings are machined with microporous structures on their surfaces to reduce friction and provide lubrication. Therefore, effectively machining these large numbers of micropores in turbine blades and transmission bearings presents a significant challenge.

[0003] Common processing technologies for microholes include mechanical processing technology, laser processing technology, and electro-discharge machining technology. Traditional mechanical processing uses hard contact of the tool to cause plastic deformation of the workpiece to achieve the purpose of material removal, which inevitably produces defects such as deformation and residual stress. In addition, due to the constraints of microstructure size, the accessibility and rigidity of mechanical processing tools cannot meet the processing requirements of microholes. When using laser processing, electro-discharge machining and other technologies to process cooling hole microstructures, there are problems such as metamorphic layers and thermal stress.

[0004] Aviation engine components widely use nickel-based high-temperature alloys, titanium alloys, single crystal alloys and other difficult-to-process materials. The above processing technologies cannot perform efficient and high-quality processing of engine cooling holes and bearing microstructures.

[0005] Electrolytic machining technology is a non-contact machining technology that uses anodic metal dissolution to fine-process the workpiece surface. The machining tool is the cathode that works under direct current. When it encounters the electrolyte, it can produce an anodic reaction. The anodic reaction can accurately remove excess material on the workpiece surface. It is not limited by the hardness of the metal material, has no machining metamorphic layer and residual stress, and has no tool wear. It is considered to be the most effective and promising machining technology for machining aircraft engine cooling holes and bearing surface microstructures.

[0006] However, due to the residual protrusions in the center of the electrolytically processed metal workpiece and the uneven lateral liquid supply when using traditional hollow tool cathodes, there has been no suitable tool cathode structure to achieve uniform liquid supply to achieve the goal of efficient and high-quality processing of cooling holes and bearing microstructures. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the defects of the above-mentioned prior art and to provide an electrolytic machining tool cathode with synchronous liquid supply and a liquid supply method thereof. The tool cathode is mainly used for electrolytic machining of micropores on the surface of difficult-to-machine metal materials. It has the functions of synchronous liquid supply and electrolytic machining, avoiding the residual protrusion in the center position and the uneven lateral liquid supply when using traditional hollow tool cathodes for electrolytic machining of metal workpieces.

[0008] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0009] A synchronous liquid supply electrolytic machining tool cathode is used for electrolytic machining of micropores on the surface of metal materials. The tool cathode includes a body and a liquid storage component.

[0010] The central outer ring of the body is provided with a liquid storage assembly, the cross section of the body is stepped, and the lower end of the body is provided with a gradually converging tip structure;

[0011] The liquid storage assembly includes an upper liquid storage cover and a lower liquid storage cover, and a liquid storage cavity is formed in the upper liquid storage cover and the lower liquid storage cover. The upper liquid storage cover is provided with an electrolyte inlet, and the lower liquid storage cover is provided with an electrolyte outlet. The direction of the electrolyte outlet satisfies that the ejected electrolyte falls on the tip structure at the lower end of the body.

[0012] In one embodiment of the present invention, the interior of the body is a solid structure.

[0013] In one embodiment of the present invention, a first positioning shoulder is provided at the upper end of the middle part of the main body, the lower end of the first positioning shoulder is connected to the upper end of the upper liquid storage cover, and a first elastic sealing gasket is provided at the connection between the first positioning shoulder and the upper liquid storage cover. The inner diameter of the first elastic sealing gasket fits the mating section of the main body, that is, the inner diameter of the first elastic sealing gasket is slightly larger than the diameter of the mating section of the main body, and the outer diameter is the same as the outer diameter of the first positioning shoulder.

[0014] In one embodiment of the present invention, a second positioning shoulder is provided at the lower end of the middle part of the main body, the lower end of the second positioning shoulder is connected to the upper end of the lower liquid storage cover, and a fourth elastic sealing gasket is provided at the connection between the second positioning shoulder and the lower liquid storage cover. The inner diameter of the fourth elastic sealing gasket fits the mating section of the main body, that is, the inner diameter of the fourth elastic sealing gasket is slightly larger than the diameter of the mating section of the main body, and the outer diameter is the same as the outer diameter of the second positioning shoulder.

[0015] In one embodiment of the present invention, the upper liquid storage cover and the lower liquid storage cover are fixed to the middle outer ring of the body by a plurality of bolts and nuts.

[0016] In one embodiment of the present invention, the tool cathode further comprises a liquid separator, which is located between an upper liquid storage cover and a lower liquid storage cover, forming an upper liquid storage cavity between the upper liquid storage cover and the liquid separator, and forming a lower liquid storage cavity between the lower liquid storage cover and the liquid separator.

[0017] In one embodiment of the present invention, the liquid separation plate is provided with a plurality of evenly distributed fan-shaped through holes, and the liquid separation plate is used to divert the electrolyte in the upper liquid storage chamber so that the electrolyte is evenly dispersed in the lower liquid storage chamber.

[0018] In one embodiment of the present invention, the inner arc diameter of the fan-shaped through hole of the liquid separation plate is slightly larger than the diameter of the matching main body shaft segment, and the outer arc diameter of the fan-shaped through hole of the liquid separation plate is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the upper liquid storage cavity or the lower liquid storage cavity.

[0019] In one embodiment of the present invention, a second elastic sealing gasket is provided at the junction of the liquid separating plate and the upper liquid storage cover, and a third elastic sealing gasket is provided at the junction of the liquid separating plate and the lower liquid storage cover. Both the second elastic sealing gasket and the third elastic sealing gasket are annular structures.

[0020] In one embodiment of the present invention, the upper liquid storage cover and the lower liquid storage cover each include an upper end surface and a lower end surface. The upper end surface of the upper liquid storage cover is provided with four electrolyte inlets, each of which is a circular through hole. The lower end surface of the lower liquid storage cover is provided with an annular electrolyte outlet, which is an oblique annular slot.

[0021] The diameters of the four electrolyte inlets are

[0022] The electrolyte outlet angle a satisfies Wherein D1 is the diameter of the electrolyte inlet, D2 is the outer diameter of the annular electrolyte outlet, D3 is the inner diameter of the annular electrolyte outlet, and H is the distance from the top of the electrolyte outlet to the bottom of the body.

[0023] In one embodiment of the present invention, the lower end surface of the upper liquid storage cover is provided with an intermittent protrusion structure, which cooperates with the second elastic sealing gasket, and the upper end surface of the lower liquid storage cover is provided with an intermittent protrusion structure, which cooperates with the third elastic sealing gasket.

[0024] In addition, the present invention also provides a method for using a cathode of an electrolytic machining tool with synchronous liquid supply, the specific steps of which are as follows:

[0025] The electrolyte flowing in from the electrolyte inlet first fills the upper liquid storage chamber, and then is diverted through the liquid separator so that the electrolyte is evenly dispersed in the lower liquid storage chamber. The electrolyte in the lower liquid storage chamber is subjected to a certain pressure and ejected from the electrolyte outlet. By adjusting the electrolyte pressure, the electrolyte is ejected at the tip structure at the lower end of the tool cathode body.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0027] (1) The electrolytic machining tool cathode provided by the present invention is a multifunctional electrolytic machining cathode that is easy to assemble and simple to operate. It is particularly suitable for machining microporous structures and avoids the residual protrusion at the center and the unevenness of the lateral liquid supply when using a traditional hollow tool cathode for electrolytic machining of metal workpieces.

[0028] (2) The liquid separator involved in the present invention plays a diversion role, allowing the electrolyte to flow evenly into the lower liquid storage cavity space formed by the lower liquid storage cover and the liquid separator, and also has a certain centering and axis stabilization function;

[0029] (3) The upper liquid storage cover, the lower liquid storage cover and the liquid separation plate or the body of the present invention are sealed by elastic deformation of the elastic sealing gasket through the clamping force of the bolts and nuts, thereby avoiding overflow of the electrolyte and pressure attenuation;

[0030] (4) The cathode body involved in the present invention is designed as a convergent tip structure. When electrolytically machining micropores, the electrolyte will be evenly sprayed toward the machining position along the annular narrow slot electrolyte outlet, avoiding the defects of uneven and incomplete electrolyte supply in traditional sideways liquid supply;

[0031] (5) The interior of the tool cathode body involved in the present invention is a solid structure, and is designed with a stepped shaft to facilitate installation and positioning;

[0032] (6) The present invention improves the localization of electrolytically processed micropores and can control the size of the liquid outlet to control the processing area. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram and processing principle diagram of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Sectional view of the AA plane;

[0035] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the second elastic sealing gasket.

[0036] Explanation of the accompanying numbers: 1. Main body, 2. First elastic sealing gasket, 3. Bolt, 4. Electrolyte inlet, 5. Upper liquid storage cover, 6. Upper liquid storage chamber, 7. Second elastic sealing gasket, 8. Liquid separator, 9. Third elastic sealing gasket, 10. Lower liquid storage cover, 11. Lower liquid storage chamber, 12. Electrolyte outlet, 13. Fourth elastic sealing gasket, 14. Nut. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "back," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inside," and "outside" and the like, indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are intended solely to facilitate the description of the present invention and simplify the description. They do not indicate or imply that the devices or components referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed, or operate in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0038] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they may refer to fixed, detachable, or integral connections; mechanical or electrical connections; direct or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on specific circumstances.

[0039] In the embodiment, when manufacturing the tool cathode designed in the embodiment, the material is obtained as follows:

[0040] Body 1: obtained by turning;

[0041] Liquid separation sheet 8: obtained by 3D printing, which is convenient for improving processing accuracy and reducing processing difficulty;

[0042] Upper liquid storage cover 5: obtained by milling, the upper liquid storage cover 5 has a simple structure;

[0043] Lower liquid storage cover 10: Since the electrolyte outlet 12 is a continuous oblique hole, the lower liquid storage cover 10 needs to be divided into two parts for processing and then assembled, which can also be obtained by milling;

[0044] Second elastic sealing gasket 7: a non-standard part that needs to be customized from the manufacturer;

[0045] The third elastic sealing gasket 8 is a non-standard part and needs to be customized from the manufacturer.

[0046] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0047] Example

[0048] See also Figures 1 to 3This embodiment provides a synchronous liquid supply electrolytic machining tool cathode for electrolytic machining micropores on the surface of metal materials. The tool cathode includes a body 1 and a liquid storage component.

[0049] The outer ring of the middle part of the body 1 is provided with a liquid storage component. The cross section of the body 1 is stepped, and the lower end of the body 1 is provided with a gradually converging tip structure.

[0050] The liquid storage assembly includes an upper liquid storage cover 5 and a lower liquid storage cover 10, and a liquid storage cavity is formed in the upper liquid storage cover 5 and the lower liquid storage cover 10. The upper liquid storage cover 5 is provided with an electrolyte inlet 4, and the lower liquid storage cover 10 is provided with an electrolyte outlet 12. The direction of the electrolyte outlet 12 satisfies the requirement that the ejected electrolyte falls on the tip structure at the lower end of the main body 1.

[0051] In this embodiment, the interior of the body 1 is a solid structure.

[0052] In this embodiment, a first positioning shoulder is provided at the upper middle end of the main body 1, and the lower end of the first positioning shoulder is connected to the upper end of the upper liquid storage cover 5. A first elastic sealing gasket 2 is provided at the connection between the first positioning shoulder and the upper liquid storage cover 5. The inner diameter of the first elastic sealing gasket 2 fits the mating section of the main body 1, that is, the inner diameter of the first elastic sealing gasket 2 is slightly larger than the diameter of the mating section of the main body 1, and the outer diameter is the same as the outer diameter of the first positioning shoulder.

[0053] In this embodiment, a second positioning shoulder is provided at the lower end of the middle part of the main body 1, and the lower end of the second positioning shoulder is connected to the upper end of the lower liquid storage cover 10. A fourth elastic sealing gasket 13 is provided at the connection between the second positioning shoulder and the lower liquid storage cover 10. The inner diameter of the fourth elastic sealing gasket 13 fits the mating section of the main body 1, that is, the inner diameter of the fourth elastic sealing gasket 13 is slightly larger than the diameter of the mating section of the main body 1, and the outer diameter is the same as the outer diameter of the second positioning shoulder.

[0054] In this embodiment, the upper liquid storage cover 5 and the lower liquid storage cover 10 are fixed to the middle outer ring of the body 1 through a plurality of bolts 3 and nuts 14 .

[0055] In this embodiment, the tool cathode also includes a liquid separator 8, which is located between the upper liquid storage cover 5 and the lower liquid storage cover 10. An upper liquid storage cavity 6 is formed between the upper liquid storage cover 5 and the liquid separator 8, and a lower liquid storage cavity 11 is formed between the lower liquid storage cover 10 and the liquid separator 8.

[0056] In this embodiment, the liquid separation plate 8 is provided with a plurality of evenly distributed fan-shaped through holes. The liquid separation plate 8 is used to divert the electrolyte in the upper liquid storage chamber 6 so that the electrolyte is evenly dispersed in the lower liquid storage chamber 11 .

[0057] In this embodiment, the inner diameter of the fan-shaped through hole of the liquid separation plate 8 is slightly larger than the diameter of the matching shaft section of the main body 1, and the outer diameter of the fan-shaped through hole of the liquid separation plate 8 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the upper liquid storage chamber 6 or the lower liquid storage chamber 11.

[0058] In this embodiment, a second elastic sealing gasket 7 is provided at the junction of the liquid separation plate 8 and the upper liquid storage cover 5, and a third elastic sealing gasket 9 is provided at the junction of the liquid separation plate 8 and the lower liquid storage cover 10. The second elastic sealing gasket 7 and the third elastic sealing gasket 9 are both annular structures. Figure 3 As shown, the third elastic sealing gasket 9 has the same structure as the second elastic sealing gasket 7 .

[0059] In this embodiment, the upper liquid storage cover 5 and the lower liquid storage cover 10 each include an upper end surface and a lower end surface. The upper end surface of the upper liquid storage cover 5 is provided with four electrolyte inlets 4, which are circular through holes. The lower end surface of the lower liquid storage cover 10 is provided with an annular electrolyte outlet 12, which is an oblique annular slot.

[0060] The diameters of the four electrolyte inlets 4 are

[0061] The exit angle a of the electrolyte outlet 12 satisfies Wherein D1 is the diameter of the electrolyte inlet 4 , D2 is the outer diameter of the annular electrolyte outlet 12 , D3 is the inner diameter of the annular electrolyte outlet 12 , and H is the distance from the top end of the electrolyte outlet 12 to the bottom end of the body 1 .

[0062] In this embodiment, the lower liquid storage cover 10 is composed of an inner ring and an outer ring, and the inner ring and the outer ring retain an oblique electrolyte outlet 12 of a certain size.

[0063] In this embodiment, the lower end surface of the upper liquid storage cover 5 is provided with an intermittent protrusion structure, which cooperates with the second elastic sealing gasket 7, and the upper end surface of the lower liquid storage cover 10 is provided with an intermittent protrusion structure, which cooperates with the third elastic sealing gasket 9.

[0064] In addition, the present invention also provides a method for using a cathode of an electrolytic machining tool with synchronous liquid supply, the specific steps of which are as follows:

[0065] The electrolyte flowing in from the electrolyte inlet 4 first fills the upper liquid storage chamber 6, and then is diverted through the liquid separator 8, so that the electrolyte is evenly dispersed in the lower liquid storage chamber 11. The electrolyte in the lower liquid storage chamber 11 is subjected to a certain pressure and ejected from the electrolyte outlet 12. By adjusting the electrolyte pressure, the electrolyte is ejected at the tip structure at the lower end of the tool cathode body 1.

[0066] The above description of the embodiments is intended to facilitate understanding and use of the invention by those skilled in the art. It will be apparent that those skilled in the art can readily make various modifications to these embodiments and apply the general principles described herein to other embodiments without requiring inventive effort. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. Improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the disclosure of the present invention, without departing from the scope of the present invention, should be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cathode for an electrolytic machining tool with synchronous liquid supply, used for electrolytic machining of micropores on the surface of a metal material, characterized in that: The tool cathode comprises a body (1) and a liquid storage component, The central outer ring of the body (1) is provided with a liquid storage component, the cross section of the body (1) is stepped, and the lowermost end of the body (1) is provided with a gradually converging tip structure; The liquid storage assembly comprises an upper liquid storage cover (5) and a lower liquid storage cover (10), wherein a liquid storage cavity is formed in the upper liquid storage cover (5) and the lower liquid storage cover (10), wherein the upper liquid storage cover (5) is provided with an electrolyte inlet (4), and the lower liquid storage cover (10) is provided with an electrolyte outlet (12), and wherein the direction of the electrolyte outlet (12) satisfies the ejected electrolyte falling on the tip structure at the lowermost end of the body (1); The tool cathode further comprises a liquid separator (8), the liquid separator (8) being located between an upper liquid storage cover (5) and a lower liquid storage cover (10), an upper liquid storage cavity (6) being formed between the upper liquid storage cover (5) and the liquid separator (8), and a lower liquid storage cavity (11) being formed between the lower liquid storage cover (10) and the liquid separator (8); The upper liquid storage cover (5) and the lower liquid storage cover (10) both comprise an upper end surface and a lower end surface. The upper end surface of the upper liquid storage cover (5) is provided with four electrolyte inlets (4), and the four electrolyte inlets (4) are circular through holes. The lower end surface of the lower liquid storage cover (10) is provided with an annular electrolyte outlet (12), and the electrolyte outlet (12) is an oblique annular slot. The diameters of the four electrolyte inlets (4) are The exit angle a of the electrolyte outlet (12) satisfies Wherein D1 is the diameter of the electrolyte inlet (4), D2 is the outer diameter of the annular electrolyte outlet (12), D3 is the inner diameter of the annular electrolyte outlet (12), and H is the distance from the top end of the electrolyte outlet (12) to the bottom end of the body (1).

2. The cathode of an electrochemical machining tool with synchronous liquid supply according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first positioning shoulder is provided at the middle upper end of the body (1), the lower end of the first positioning shoulder is connected to the upper end of the upper liquid storage cover (5), and a first elastic sealing gasket (2) is provided at the connection between the first positioning shoulder and the upper liquid storage cover (5). The inner diameter of the first elastic sealing gasket (2) fits the matching section of the body (1), and the outer diameter is the same as the outer diameter of the first positioning shoulder.

3. The cathode of an electrochemical machining tool with synchronous liquid supply according to claim 1, characterized in that: A second positioning shoulder is provided at the lower end of the middle portion of the body (1), and the lower end of the second positioning shoulder is connected to the upper end of the lower liquid storage cover (10). A fourth elastic sealing gasket (13) is provided at the connection between the second positioning shoulder and the lower liquid storage cover (10). The inner diameter of the fourth elastic sealing gasket (13) fits the matching section of the body (1), and the outer diameter is the same as the outer diameter of the second positioning shoulder.

4. The cathode of an electrochemical machining tool with synchronous liquid supply according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper liquid storage cover (5) and the lower liquid storage cover (10) are fixed to the middle outer ring of the body (1) via a plurality of bolts (3) and nuts (14).

5. The cathode of an electrochemical machining tool with synchronous liquid supply according to claim 1, characterized in that: The liquid separation plate (8) is provided with a plurality of fan-shaped through holes, and the liquid separation plate (8) is used to separate the electrolyte in the upper liquid storage chamber (6) so that the electrolyte is evenly dispersed in the lower liquid storage chamber (11).

6. The cathode of an electrochemical machining tool with synchronous liquid supply according to claim 1, characterized in that: A second elastic sealing gasket (7) is provided at the junction of the liquid separation plate (8) and the upper liquid storage cover (5), and a third elastic sealing gasket (9) is provided at the junction of the liquid separation plate (8) and the lower liquid storage cover (10). Both the second elastic sealing gasket (7) and the third elastic sealing gasket (9) are annular structures.

7. The cathode of an electrochemical machining tool with synchronous liquid supply according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower end surface of the upper liquid storage cover (5) is provided with an intermittent protrusion structure, and the intermittent protrusion structure cooperates with the second elastic sealing gasket (7). The upper end surface of the lower liquid storage cover (10) is provided with an intermittent protrusion structure, and the intermittent protrusion structure cooperates with the third elastic sealing gasket (9).

8. A method for using the cathode of an electrolytic machining tool with synchronous liquid supply according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the following steps: The electrolyte flowing in from the electrolyte inlet (4) first fills the upper liquid storage chamber (6) and then is diverted by the liquid separator (8) so that the electrolyte is evenly dispersed in the lower liquid storage chamber (11). The electrolyte in the lower liquid storage chamber (11) is ejected from the electrolyte outlet (12) under pressure, and the electrolyte pressure is adjusted so that the electrolyte is ejected onto the tip structure at the lower end of the tool cathode body (1).

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