A blanket system for a compact fusion reactor

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of fusion reactors, and discloses a blanket system for a compact fusion reactor, which includes a blanket module system, a primary loop cooling system, an intermediate heat storage system, a secondary loop thermoelectric conversion system, and a tritium extraction loop system; the blanket module system is used to envelope the reactor core, the blanket module system, the primary loop cooling system, the intermediate heat storage system, and the secondary loop thermoelectric conversion system are connected in sequence, and the secondary loop thermoelectric conversion system is used to convert thermal energy into electrical energy; the tritium extraction loop system is arranged between the blanket module system and the reactor core, and the tritium extraction loop system is used to transport the tritium generated by the blanket module system to the reactor core. The present invention can provide a blanket full system for a compact fusion reactor with strong adaptability, wide function coverage, and high safety, which is beneficial to realizing the long-term continuous reaction of the fusion reactor and the proliferation and self-sustenance of tritium, and is beneficial to converting the continuously generated fusion energy into electrical energy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fusion reactors, and particularly to a blanket system for a compact fusion reactor. Background Art

[0002] At present, the blanket system is one of the core components of a fusion reactor, undertaking important functions such as tritium self-sufficiency, radiation shielding, energy extraction and conversion of the fusion reactor. At the same time, there are a large number of complex subsystems related to the blanket system, and the design and material selection of the blanket system are directly related to the safety and economy of future fusion reactors.

[0003] Existing blanket systems mostly involve the structural design within the blanket components or the design of a certain related subsystem of the blanket, and their design structures are relatively single. Due to the variety of blanket types, such as solid breeder blankets, liquid breeder blankets, shielding blankets, etc., the existing blanket systems cannot adapt to various fusion reactor blanket types, which is not conducive to achieving long-term continuous reactions of the fusion reactor, as well as the breeding and self-sufficiency of tritium, and is not conducive to converting the continuously generated fusion energy into electrical energy. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides a blanket system for a compact fusion reactor to solve the technical problems that the existing blanket systems cannot adapt to various fusion reactor blanket types, are not conducive to achieving long-term continuous reactions of the fusion reactor, as well as the breeding and self-sufficiency of tritium, and are not conducive to converting the continuously generated fusion energy into electrical energy.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a blanket system for a compact fusion reactor, including a blanket module system, a primary loop cooling system, an intermediate heat storage system, a secondary loop thermoelectric conversion system, and a tritium extraction loop system; the blanket module system is used to enclose the reactor core, the blanket module system, the primary loop cooling system, the intermediate heat storage system, and the secondary loop thermoelectric conversion system are connected in sequence, and the secondary loop thermoelectric conversion system is used to convert thermal energy into electrical energy; the tritium extraction loop system is arranged between the blanket module system and the reactor core, and the tritium extraction loop system is used to transport the tritium generated by the blanket module system to the reactor core.

[0006] Preferably, the blanket module system includes a shielding blanket module and / or a breeder blanket module, the shielding blanket module includes a shielding area and a first wall, and the breeder blanket module includes a shielding area, a breeding area, and a first wall;

[0007] The first wall is used to absorb the energy of high-energy particles in the fusion reactor core, the shielding area is used to block neutrons, a breeder is provided in the breeding area for reacting with neutrons to generate tritium atoms, and the breeding area is used to generate the fusion fuel tritium.

[0008] Preferably, the primary loop cooling system includes a pressure driving device, a pressurizer, and a first heat exchanger. The pressure driving device is used to drive the coolant into the blanket module system. The pressurizer is used to be connected to the blanket module system and receive the coolant that has absorbed the heat in the blanket module. The other end of the pressurizer is connected to one end of the first heat exchanger, and the other end of the first heat exchanger is connected to the input end of the pressure driving device. The first heat exchanger is used to transfer heat to the intermediate heat storage system.

[0009] Preferably, the primary loop cooling system further includes a filter, a purifier, and a preheater. The pressure driving device includes a circulation pump. The filter is arranged at the input end of the pressure stabilizing tank, the preheater is arranged at the output end of the circulation pump, and both ends of the purifier are connected to both ends of the circulation pump. The purifier is used to purify the coolant.

[0010] Preferably, the intermediate heat storage system includes a high-temperature heat storage tank, a low-temperature heat storage tank, a first pressure driving member, a second pressure driving member, a second heat exchanger, and a preheater. The output end of the first pressure driving member is connected to one end of the first heat exchanger, the other end of the first heat exchanger is connected to one end of the high-temperature heat storage tank, the other end of the high-temperature heat storage tank is connected to the input end of the second pressure driving member, the output end of the second pressure driving member is connected to one end of the second heat exchanger, the other end of the second heat exchanger is connected to the input end of the first pressure driving member, and the preheater is connected in parallel with the first heat exchanger.

[0011] Preferably, the secondary loop thermoelectric conversion system includes a pressure driving device, a condenser, a turbine, and a generator. The output end of the pressure driving device is connected to one end of the second heat exchanger, the other end of the second heat exchanger is connected to one end of the turbine, the other end of the turbine is connected to one end of the condenser, the other end of the condenser is connected to the input end of the pressure driving device, the generator is connected to the turbine, and the condenser is connected to a cold source.

[0012] Preferably, the tritium extraction loop system includes a pressure driving device, a tritium extraction working medium supply device, a cooler, a filter, a tritium separator, and a preheater. The output end of the pressure driving device is connected to one end of the tritium extraction working medium supply device, and the other end of the tritium extraction working medium supply device is used to be connected to the blanket module system. The pressure driving device is used to drive the tritium extraction working medium to carry out the generated tritium out of the blanket. The other end of the blanket module system is connected to one end of the cooler, the other end of the cooler is connected to one end of the filter, the other end of the filter is connected to one end of the tritium separator, the other end of the tritium separator is connected to one end of the preheater, and the other end of the preheater is connected to the input end of the pressure driving device.

[0013] Preferably, the shape of the first wall includes a flat plate shape or a finger shape, and the coolant flow channels in the first wall include square channels or circular channels.

[0014] Preferably, the shape of the shielding area includes a flat plate shape or a tubular shape, and the coolant flow channels in the shielding area include square channels or circular channels.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0016] The present invention provides a blanket system for a compact fusion reactor, including a blanket module system, a primary coolant system, an intermediate heat storage system, a secondary thermoelectric conversion system, and a tritium extraction loop system; the blanket module system is used to envelope the reactor core, the blanket module system, the primary coolant system, the intermediate heat storage system, and the secondary thermoelectric conversion system are connected in sequence, and the secondary thermoelectric conversion system is used to convert thermal energy into electrical energy; the tritium extraction loop system is arranged between the blanket module system and the reactor core, and the tritium extraction loop system is used to transport the tritium generated by the blanket module system to the reactor core.

[0017] The present invention adopts multiple subsystems to cooperate with each other to realize functions such as tritium self-sufficiency, heat transfer, thermoelectric conversion, and high-energy particle shielding of a fusion reactor. This blanket system has a wide coverage and can be applied to various blanket types, such as solid tritium breeding blankets, liquid tritium breeding blankets, shielding blankets, etc. At the same time, the present invention can provide a blanket system design solution with strong adaptability, wide function coverage, and high safety for a compact fusion reactor, which is beneficial to realizing the long-term continuous reaction of the fusion reactor and the breeding and self-sufficiency of tritium, and is beneficial to converting the continuously generated fusion energy into electrical energy. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0018] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the blanket system for a compact fusion reactor provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 a is a schematic structural diagram of the shielding blanket module provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 b is a schematic structural diagram of the breeding blanket module provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the primary coolant system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the intermediate heat storage system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 5It is a schematic structural diagram of a secondary loop thermoelectric conversion system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 6 It is a schematic structural diagram of a tritium extraction loop system provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Specific embodiments

[0025] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0026] Refer to Figure 1 , an embodiment of the present invention provides a blanket system for a compact fusion reactor, including a blanket module system, a primary loop cooling system, an intermediate heat storage system, a secondary loop thermoelectric conversion system, and a tritium extraction loop system; the blanket module system is used to envelope the reactor core, the blanket module system, the primary loop cooling system, the intermediate heat storage system, and the secondary loop thermoelectric conversion system are connected in sequence, and the secondary loop thermoelectric conversion system is used to convert thermal energy into electrical energy; the tritium extraction loop system is arranged between the blanket module system and the reactor core, and the tritium extraction loop system is used to transport the tritium generated by the blanket module system to the reactor core.

[0027] It should be noted that before the large-scale commercial application of the fusion reactor, there are two key problems that need to be solved urgently: one is to achieve the long-term continuous reaction of the fusion reactor and the breeding and self-sustainment of tritium; the other is to be able to convert the continuously generated fusion energy into electrical energy. These two problems are closely related to the design of the blanket system. The technical solution of the blanket system proposed by the present invention can solve problems such as tritium circulation, heat transfer, thermoelectric conversion, and high-energy particle shielding in the fusion reactor.

[0028] Refer to Figure 1, the overall working principle of the blanket system for a compact fusion reactor provided by the present invention is as follows: After nuclear fuel undergoes a nuclear fusion reaction in the reactor core, a large number of high-energy particles are generated; the high-energy particles release heat in the internal components of the fusion reactor through collision and absorption, and most of the heat is released within the blanket module. At the same time, high-energy neutrons react with the breeding material inside the blanket to produce new fusion fuel tritium; in order to transport the continuously released heat and the generated tritium in the blanket module, a primary loop cooling system is designed to transport heat and a tritium extraction loop system is designed to transport tritium; since it is difficult to maintain a completely steady state for a long time in the fusion reaction, the fusion reaction is intermittent, which results in unstable heat output in the primary loop cooling system, while a stable heat source is required for the secondary loop thermoelectric conversion process. Therefore, an intermediate heat storage loop needs to be added between the primary and secondary loops. The heat storage loop stores part of the heat during the occurrence of the fusion reaction and releases heat during the reaction stop stage to ensure that the secondary loop system can obtain a stable heat supply; after the intermediate heat storage loop transfers the heat to the secondary loop system, the thermal energy is converted into electric work through the power cycle of the working fluid in the secondary loop and is continuously transmitted to users through the power grid.

[0029] In one implementation, referring to Figure 2 , the blanket module system includes a shielding blanket module and / or a breeding blanket module. The shielding blanket module includes a shielding zone and a first wall, and the breeding blanket module includes a shielding zone, a breeding zone, and a first wall; the first wall is used to absorb the energy of high-energy particles in the fusion reactor core, the shielding zone is used to block neutrons, and a breeding agent for reacting with neutrons to generate tritium atoms is provided in the breeding zone, and the breeding zone is used to produce fusion fuel tritium.

[0030] In a specific implementation, the shape of the shielding zone includes a flat plate shape or a tubular shape, and the coolant flow channels in the shielding zone include square channels or circular channels; the shape of the first wall includes a flat plate shape or a finger shape, and the coolant flow channels in the first wall include square channels or circular channels.

[0031] It should be noted that a modular structure is adopted inside the blanket, and the entire inside of the blanket is assembled by arranging many blanket modules in a certain order. The blanket modules can generally be divided into two categories: shielding blanket modules and breeding blanket modules according to different functions. For different types of fusion reactors, all breeding blanket modules or all shielding blanket modules can be used, or both can be used in combination. When the two different types of modules are used in combination, generally the outer shapes of the two types of blanket modules are designed to be the same so that they can be switched.

[0032] Specifically, the function of the shielding blanket module is to transport heat and shield neutrons, so the design scheme of the shielding blanket module includes the design of two areas, namely the first wall and the shielding area: the first wall is a structure facing the plasma in the blanket, and its function is to absorb the energy of high-energy particles in the core of the fusion reactor, so it is subjected to great heat load and high-energy particle impact, and the design requirements for its structure and material are very high. The material design of the first wall of the present invention includes but is not limited to metal tungsten (W), metal beryllium (Be), graphite, etc., and the structure can be designed in the form of a flat plate, finger shape, etc. (with embedded square or circular coolant flow channels); the design of the shielding area is to select materials with better neutron reflection to block neutrons, and the design structure includes but is not limited to flat plate, tubular shape, etc. (with embedded square or circular coolant flow channels), with coolant channels embedded inside, and the material selection includes but is not limited to martensitic steel, austenitic steel, mechanical alloy steel, etc.

[0033] Specifically, the function of the breeder blanket module is not only to transport heat and shield neutrons, but also to produce tritium for fusion fuel. Therefore, compared with the shielding blanket, it has a breeding zone in addition to the first wall and the shielding zone. The breeding zone in the present invention includes two parts: the breeding zone and the neutron multiplication zone. The two parts can overlap or be arranged in partitions. The structure of the breeding zone includes but is not limited to square, tubular, annular, etc. The breeding agent in the breeding zone reacts with neutrons to produce tritium atoms. The selection of the breeding agent in the present invention includes but is not limited to the following schemes: solid breeding agent, the breeding agent material includes but is not limited to Li 2 O. Li 2 TiO 3 、LiAlO 2 , Li 4 SiO 4 , Li 2 ZrO 3 The structure design of the proliferation agent includes but is not limited to various forms such as block, spherical, porous medium honeycomb, etc.; liquid proliferation agent, the material selection of the proliferation agent includes but is not limited to liquid lithium-lead eutectic (LiPb), liquid metal lithium (Li), molten salt (FLiBe), etc., and the structure is designed in the form of a flow channel, allowing the proliferation agent to circulate in the channel to continuously produce and transmit tritium.

[0034] In order to improve tritium production, it is generally necessary to add neutron multipliers to the breeding zone to generate more neutrons, thereby increasing the tritium production rate. In the present invention, the design of the neutron multiplier is also divided into two types: solid neutron multiplier and liquid neutron multiplier, which are used in combination with solid breeder and liquid breeder respectively. The material selection of the solid neutron multiplier includes but is not limited to metallic beryllium (Be), metallic lead (Pb), etc., and the structural design includes but is not limited to forms such as block shape, small spherical shape, porous medium honeycomb shape, etc.; the material selection of the liquid neutron multiplier includes but is not limited to liquid LiPb, FLiBe, etc. There are two design schemes for the usage mode of the breeder and the neutron multiplier in the present invention: uniformly mixing them in a certain proportion and then putting them into the breeding zone, or placing the two in different regions of the breeding zone according to the proportion.

[0035] In one implementation, referring to Figure 3 , the primary cooling system includes a pressure driving device, a pressurizer, and a first heat exchanger. The pressure driving device is used to drive the coolant into the blanket module system. The pressurizer is used to connect with the blanket module system and receive the coolant that has absorbed the heat in the blanket module. The other end of the pressurizer is connected to one end of the first heat exchanger, and the other end of the first heat exchanger is connected to the input end of the pressure driving device. The first heat exchanger is used to transfer the heat to the intermediate heat storage system.

[0036] In this embodiment, the primary cooling system further includes a filter, a purifier, and a preheater. The pressure driving device includes a circulation pump. The filter is arranged at the input end of the pressure stabilizing tank, the preheater is arranged at the output end of the circulation pump, and both ends of the purifier are connected to both ends of the circulation pump. The purifier is used to purify the coolant.

[0037] It should be noted that the function of the primary cooling system is to efficiently, economically, and safely transport the heat in the blanket module out to ensure the safety of the blanket module structure and the entire fusion reactor body. To ensure the high efficiency, economy, and safety of the system, the design requirements of the cooling loop are simple and unobstructed, and the selection requirements of the cooling working medium are high thermal conductivity and good fluidity.

[0038] The selectable cooling working media in the present invention include but are not limited to water, helium, carbon dioxide, liquid lithium, liquid lithium lead, liquid molten salt, etc. The cooling loop system is as Figure 3As shown, it includes a pressure-driven device (pump or fan), a first heat exchanger (for heat exchange between the cooling medium and the heat storage working medium), a pressure stabilizer, valves, pipelines, etc. Optional devices include filters, purifiers, preheaters, coolers, etc. Its working process is as follows: The coolant is driven by the pressure-driven device and enters the blanket module at an appropriate temperature (the temperature of the coolant is controlled to be appropriate through a preheater or a cooler). Inside the module, the coolant cools the blanket module including the first wall, the breeding zone, and the shielding zone, etc. according to a certain design scheme (this cooling scheme has multiple design options according to different parameters of the blanket module). After absorbing the heat in the blanket module, the coolant enters the pressure stabilizer after filtration, and then enters the heat exchanger after pressure stabilization, transferring the heat to the intermediate heat storage system. The temperature of the coolant decreases, and then the coolant is purified through a circulation pump and a purification system, and then enters the pressure-driven device to increase the pressure. After preheating, it finally enters the blanket module again at an appropriate temperature and works in such a cycle.

[0039] Among them, in the present invention, after the cooling working medium enters the blanket module, it can cool the first wall, the breeding zone, and the shielding zone of the blanket in sequence (series cooling mode), or can cool two of the regions or three regions in parallel simultaneously (parallel cooling mode). The cooling system in the present invention needs to select different operating modes according to the parameters and design of the specific blanket module. For example, it can choose to operate with a single coolant and a single cooling mode, or can choose multiple coolants and multiple cooling modes to switch or operate together.

[0040] In one implementation, referring to Figure 4 , the intermediate heat storage system includes a high-temperature heat storage tank, a low-temperature heat storage tank, a first pressure-driven component, a second pressure-driven component, a second heat exchanger, and a preheater. The output end of the first pressure-driven component is connected to one end of the first heat exchanger, the other end of the first heat exchanger is connected to one end of the high-temperature heat storage tank, the other end of the high-temperature heat storage tank is connected to the input end of the second pressure-driven component, the output end of the second pressure-driven component is connected to one end of the second heat exchanger, the other end of the second heat exchanger is connected to the input end of the first pressure-driven component, and the preheater is connected in parallel with the first heat exchanger.

[0041] It should be noted that the function of the intermediate heat storage system is to store part of the heat when the fusion reactor reaction occurs, and when the fusion reactor reaction stops, to transport the stored heat to the secondary loop thermoelectric conversion system, so as to ensure the stability of the thermoelectric conversion system. Because most fusion reactions occur in a non-steady and intermittent manner, in order to ensure a stable power output, it is necessary to design an intermediate heat storage system to store part of the heat when fusion occurs and output this part of the heat when the fusion reaction stops intermittently, so as to ensure the stability of the thermoelectric conversion system and the power supply.

[0042] In this embodiment, the intermediate heat storage system includes the design of a heat storage medium and a heat storage loop. The selection of the heat storage material of the present invention includes but is not limited to molten salt, concrete, sand, etc., and the selection of the heat storage medium includes but is not limited to molten salt, water, air, hot oil, etc. The heat storage loop is as Figure 4 shown and includes a high-temperature heat storage tank, a low-temperature heat storage tank, a pressure driving component (pump or fan), a first heat exchanger (coolant in the primary loop and the heat storage medium in the heat storage system), a second heat exchanger (the heat storage medium in the heat storage system and the working fluid for power generation in the secondary loop), a preheater (fully heating the working fluid during startup to enable it to flow quickly), valves, and pipelines, etc. Its working process is as follows: In the first heat exchanger, the heat of the primary loop cooling system is transferred to the heat storage loop. Driven by the pump, the heat storage medium in the heat storage loop flows to carry the heat to the high-temperature heat storage tank. Then, according to needs, part of the heat storage medium flows to carry the heat to the second heat exchanger. In the second heat exchanger, the heat is transferred to the secondary loop thermoelectric conversion system. The low-temperature heat storage medium flows back into the low-temperature heat storage tank. Then, driven by the pump, part of the heat storage medium flows into the first heat exchanger again, and so on for cyclic operation.

[0043] In one implementation, referring to Figure 5 , the secondary loop thermoelectric conversion system includes a pressure driving device, a condenser, a turbine, and a generator. The output end of the pressure driving device is connected to one end of the second heat exchanger. The other end of the second heat exchanger is connected to one end of the turbine. The other end of the turbine is connected to one end of the condenser. The other end of the condenser is connected to the input end of the pressure driving device. The generator is connected to the turbine, and a cold source is connected to the condenser.

[0044] It should be noted that the function of the secondary loop thermoelectric conversion system is to convert the heat generated by fusion into electric work, and its design scheme also includes the selection of thermoelectric conversion working fluid and the design of the circulation system. The selection of the thermoelectric conversion working fluid in the present invention includes but is not limited to water, helium, carbon dioxide, helium, various organic working fluids, etc. The selectable thermoelectric cycles in the present invention include but are not limited to the Rankine cycle, the Brayton cycle, the combined cycle, etc. Among them, the Rankine cycle includes the steam Rankine cycle, the organic working fluid Rankine cycle, etc. The Brayton cycle includes the supercritical carbon dioxide cycle, the high-temperature and high-pressure helium cycle, etc. These different power cycle modes can be used alone, can be organically combined, or can also be selected to switch between different cycle modes according to parameters such as the pressure and temperature of the primary loop cooling system.

[0045] As Figure 5As shown in the figure, the secondary loop thermoelectric conversion system includes a second heat exchanger (if the working fluid for power generation is water vapor, the second heat exchanger is also called a steam generator), a pressure driving device (pump or compressor), a condenser, a turbine, a generator, valves, pipelines, etc. Optional devices include filters, purifiers, preheaters, regenerators, condensers, etc. Its working principle is that in the second heat exchanger, the high-pressure working fluid in the secondary loop absorbs heat from the intermediate heat storage loop and its temperature rises. Then, the high-temperature and high-pressure working fluid expands and does work in the turbine, driving the generator to generate electricity. The expanded low-pressure working fluid is cooled and releases heat through the condenser, and its temperature decreases. Then, it is pressurized by a pump or compressor again. The generated high-pressure working fluid absorbs heat through the second heat exchanger and becomes a high-temperature and high-pressure working fluid, and thus operates in a cycle.

[0046] In one implementation, referring to Figure 6 , the tritium extraction loop system includes a pressure driving device, a tritium extraction working fluid supply device, a cooler, a filter, a tritium separator, and a preheater. The output end of the pressure driving device is connected to one end of the tritium extraction working fluid supply device, and the other end of the tritium extraction working fluid supply device is used to be connected to the blanket module system. The pressure driving device is used to drive the tritium extraction working fluid to carry the generated tritium out of the blanket; the other end of the blanket module system is connected to one end of the cooler, the other end of the cooler is connected to one end of the filter, the other end of the filter is connected to one end of the tritium separator, the other end of the tritium separator is connected to one end of the preheater, and the other end of the preheater is connected to the input end of the pressure driving device.

[0047] It should be noted that the function of the tritium extraction loop system is to transport the tritium generated in the blanket breeding zone to the tritium factory. Therefore, it is necessary to use the tritium extraction working fluid to carry the tritium atoms generated in the blanket out of the blanket module. The tritium extraction loop system of the present invention includes the selection of the tritium extraction working fluid and the design of the tritium extraction loop. The selection of the tritium extraction working fluid includes but is not limited to hydrogen, liquid lithium, etc. The tritium extraction loop is as Figure 6 shown, and includes a cooler, a purifier, a tritium separator, a pressure driving device (pump or fan), a preheater, valves, pipelines, etc. Its main working process is as follows: The tritium extraction working fluid enters the tritium breeding zone in the blanket module, carries the generated tritium out of the blanket, and after being cooled and filtered by the cooler, the tritium is separated from the tritium extraction working fluid in the tritium separation system. Then, under the drive of a pump or fan, the tritium extraction working fluid is preheated and replenished and then sent back into the internal breeding zone of the blanket for recycling.

[0048] Exemplarily, the gaseous tritium extraction working fluid directly purges the breeding zone, the liquid tritium extraction working fluid slowly flows through the breeding zone in the flow channel, and a combination of gaseous and liquid tritium extraction methods, etc.

[0049] In summary, the present invention uses multiple subsystems to cooperate with each other to achieve functions such as tritium self-sufficiency, heat transfer, thermoelectric conversion, and high-energy particle shielding of a fusion reactor. This blanket system has a wide coverage and can be applied to various blanket types, such as solid tritium breeding blankets, liquid tritium breeding blankets, shielding blankets, etc. At the same time, the present invention can provide a blanket full-system design solution for a compact fusion reactor with strong adaptability, wide function coverage, and high safety, which is conducive to realizing the long-term continuous reaction of the fusion reactor, as well as the breeding and self-sufficiency of tritium, and is conducive to converting the continuously generated fusion energy into electrical energy.

[0050] It should be noted that the system embodiments described above are only illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment. In addition, in the attached drawings of the system embodiments provided by the present invention, the connection relationship between the modules indicates that they have a communication connection, which can be specifically implemented as one or more communication buses or signal lines. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without creative efforts.

[0051] The specific embodiments described above have further elaborated on the purpose, technical solutions, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above description is only the specific embodiments of the present invention and is not used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. It is particularly pointed out that for those skilled in the art, any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A blanket system for a compact fusion reactor, characterized in that, it includes a blanket module system, a primary loop cooling system, an intermediate heat storage system, a secondary loop thermoelectric conversion system, and a tritium extraction loop system; the blanket module system is used to enclose the reactor core, the blanket module system, the primary loop cooling system, the intermediate heat storage system, and the secondary loop thermoelectric conversion system are connected in sequence, and the secondary loop thermoelectric conversion system is used to convert thermal energy into electrical energy; the tritium extraction loop system is arranged between the blanket module system and the reactor core, and the tritium extraction loop system is used to transport the tritium generated by the blanket module system to the reactor core; the primary loop cooling system includes a pressure driving device, a pressurizer, and a first heat exchanger. The pressure driving device is used to drive the coolant into the blanket module system. The pressurizer is used to be connected to the blanket module system and receive the coolant that has absorbed the heat in the blanket module. The other end of the pressurizer is connected to one end of the first heat exchanger, and the other end of the first heat exchanger is connected to the input end of the pressure driving device. The first heat exchanger is used to transfer heat to the intermediate heat storage system; the intermediate heat storage system includes a high-temperature heat storage tank, a low-temperature heat storage tank, a first pressure driving member, a second pressure driving member, a second heat exchanger, and a preheater. The output end of the first pressure driving member is connected to one end of the first heat exchanger, the other end of the first heat exchanger is connected to one end of the high-temperature heat storage tank, the other end of the high-temperature heat storage tank is connected to the input end of the second pressure driving member, the output end of the second pressure driving member is connected to one end of the second heat exchanger, the other end of the second heat exchanger is connected to the input end of the first pressure driving member, and the preheater is connected in parallel with the first heat exchanger; the secondary loop thermoelectric conversion system includes a pressure driving device, a condenser, a turbine, and a generator. The output end of the pressure driving device is connected to one end of the second heat exchanger, the other end of the second heat exchanger is connected to one end of the turbine, the other end of the turbine is connected to one end of the condenser, the other end of the condenser is connected to the input end of the pressure driving device, the generator is connected to the turbine, and a cold source is connected to the condenser; the tritium extraction loop system includes a pressure driving device, a tritium working fluid supply device, a cooler, a filter, a tritium separator, and a preheater. The output end of the pressure driving device is connected to one end of the tritium working fluid supply device, and the other end of the tritium working fluid supply device is used to be connected to the blanket module system. The pressure driving device is used to drive the tritium working fluid to carry out the generated tritium out of the blanket; the other end of the blanket module system is connected to one end of the cooler, the other end of the cooler is connected to one end of the filter, the other end of the filter is connected to one end of the tritium separator, the other end of the tritium separator is connected to one end of the preheater, and the other end of the preheater is connected to the input end of the pressure driving device.

2. The blanket system for a compact fusion reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cladding module system includes a shielding cladding module and / or a breeder cladding module. The shielding cladding module includes a shielding region and a first wall. The breeder cladding module includes a shielding region, a breeder region and a first wall; The first wall is used to absorb the energy of high-energy particles in the core of the fusion reactor. The shielding region is used to block neutrons. A breeder is provided in the breeder region for reacting with neutrons to generate tritium atoms, and the breeder region is used to generate the fusion fuel tritium.

3. The cladding system for a compact fusion reactor according to claim 1, wherein, The primary loop cooling system further includes a filter, a purifier and a preheater. The pressure driving device includes a circulation pump. The filter is provided at the input end of the pressurizer. The preheater is provided at the output end of the circulation pump. Both ends of the purifier are connected to both ends of the circulation pump, and the purifier is used to purify the coolant.

4. The cladding system for a compact fusion reactor according to claim 2, wherein, The shape of the first wall includes a flat shape or a finger shape, and the coolant flow channels in the first wall include square channels or circular channels.

5. The cladding system for a compact fusion reactor according to claim 2, wherein, The shape of the shielding region includes a flat shape or a tubular shape, and the coolant flow channels in the shielding region include square channels or circular channels.

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