Multiband microstrip patch antenna

Abstract

This invention discloses a multi-band microstrip patch antenna, relating to the field of antenna technology. The multi-band microstrip patch antenna includes a rectangular patch antenna, a dielectric substrate, an air layer, a metal ground plane, and a coaxial feed line. The rectangular patch antenna is located on one side of the dielectric substrate, the metal ground plane is located on the other side, and the air layer is located between the dielectric substrate and the metal ground plane. The rectangular patch antenna includes multiple concentric rings, curved fractals, a curved flow, and a microstrip feed line. Curved fractals are applied to the outer ring of each concentric ring, and a magnetic cuboid is located on the rectangular patch antenna. Signals enter the multiple concentric rings and curved flow with curved fractals on the microstrip patch antenna via the coaxial feed line. Compared to existing antennas, the above-described multi-band microstrip patch antenna can achieve multi-band electromagnetic wave transmission and reception in the low-frequency band, and it has a simple structure, multiple functions, is easy to manufacture, and has low manufacturing costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of antenna technology, and more specifically, to a multi-band microstrip patch antenna. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of satellite communication, satellite navigation, and wireless communication technologies, the number of operating frequency bands is gradually increasing, leading to a growing demand for multi-band, wide-band, multi-functional, and miniaturized antennas. The multi-band and wide-bandwidth nature of antennas directly determines the integration, performance, and complexity of communication and navigation equipment. UHF (0.3GHz–3.0GHz), L (1GHz–2GHz), S (2GHz–4GHz), and C (4GHz–8GHz) bands have been widely researched and applied in satellite communication, satellite navigation, and wireless communication systems. However, current technologies limit the number and bandwidth of antennas achievable in the UHF, L, S, and C bands; almost no antenna can simultaneously cover more than 20 commonly used operating frequency bands, including those for satellite communication, satellite navigation, and wireless communication. Furthermore, many antennas employ lumped components for circuit matching and are fabricated on both sides, increasing manufacturing costs and complexity. Moreover, as electromagnetic wave operating frequencies decrease to the UHF and L bands, antenna size increases, making miniaturization difficult. Multi-resonant, meandering, and fractal structures have advantages such as exciting multiple resonant modes, expanding bandwidth, and reducing operating frequency. Therefore, the research on multi-band microstrip patch antennas based on multi-resonant structures plays an important role in satellite communication, satellite navigation, and wireless communication. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Objective of the invention: To provide a multi-band microstrip patch antenna based on a multi-resonant structure that is multi-band, wide-band, multifunctional, simple in structure, easy to manufacture, and low in manufacturing cost.

[0004] Technical Solution: To achieve the objective of this invention, the present invention provides a multi-band microstrip patch antenna based on a multi-resonant structure, comprising a rectangular patch antenna, a dielectric substrate, an air layer, a metal ground plane, and a coaxial feed line. The rectangular patch antenna is located on one side of the dielectric substrate, the metal ground plane is located on the other side of the dielectric substrate, the air layer is located between the dielectric substrate and the metal ground plane, and the coaxial feed line passes through the metal ground plane and the dielectric substrate and is connected to the rectangular patch antenna. The rectangular patch antenna includes multiple concentric rings, a curved fractal, a curved flow, and a microstrip feed line. The multiple concentric rings utilize the curved fractal, and a magnetic cuboid is located on the rectangular patch antenna. The signal enters the multiple concentric rings and the curved flow through the coaxial feed line.

[0005] In an optional embodiment, the rectangular patch antenna is printed on top of the dielectric substrate.

[0006] In an optional embodiment, there are four concentric rings in total, and the four concentric rings are mirror symmetrical. The outer ring of each concentric ring is applied with the curved fractal. The curved flow is located at the edge of the rectangular patch antenna, and the microstrip feed line has five feed branches.

[0007] In an optional implementation, the five feed branches of the microstrip feed line are respectively connected to the four concentric rings and the meandering flow, wherein the microstrip feed line and the concentric rings are connected by a microstrip feed line covering the magnetic cuboid.

[0008] In an optional embodiment, the coaxial feed line passes vertically through the metal ground plane and the dielectric substrate and is connected to the microstrip feed line. The metal ground plane and the dielectric substrate are directly connected in the vicinity of the coaxial feed line, and there is no air layer in the vicinity of the coaxial feed line.

[0009] In an optional embodiment, the coaxial feeder is a cylinder composed of a coaxial inner cylinder and an outer cylinder, wherein the radius of the inner cylinder is smaller than the radius of the outer cylinder.

[0010] In an optional embodiment, cylinders are placed at the four corners of the air layer and the metal ground plane, the cylinders passing vertically through the air layer and the metal ground plane.

[0011] In an optional implementation, the metal ground plane is located at the bottom layer of the multiband microstrip patch antenna.

[0012] In an optional implementation, the multi-band microstrip patch antenna is either a transmitting antenna or a receiving antenna.

[0013] In an optional implementation, if the multi-band microstrip patch antenna is a transmitting antenna, the signal passes through the inner cylinder of the coaxial feed line, enters the five feed branch microstrip feed lines, and then enters the four concentric rings and the meandering flow; if the multi-band microstrip patch antenna is a receiving antenna, the signal passes through the four concentric rings and the meandering flow, enters the five feed branch microstrip feed lines, and then enters the inner cylinder of the coaxial feed line.

[0014] This invention discloses a multi-band microstrip patch antenna, which has the following advantages:

[0015] 1. The multi-band microstrip patch antenna provided by the present invention uses multiple concentric rings to achieve multi-band signal radiation and reception, and expands the bandwidth.

[0016] 2. The multi-band microstrip patch antenna provided by the present invention can achieve frequency band shift to lower frequencies by using curved flow, curved fractal and magnetic cuboid, which helps to miniaturize the antenna.

[0017] 3. The multi-band microstrip patch antenna provided by the present invention can achieve electromagnetic response in seven frequency bands: 0.35GHz to 0.57GHz, 0.81GHz to 1.10GHz, 1.2GHz to 2.0GHz, 2.14GHz to 2.51GHz, 2.63GHz to 2.70GHz, 2.75GHz to 3.55GHz, and 3.82GHz to 6.97GHz.

[0018] 4. The multi-band microstrip patch antenna provided by this invention can simultaneously cover 21 commonly used operating frequency bands, including the B1 (1.559GHz~1.592GHz), B3 (1.251GHz~1.286GHz), and L (1.610GHz~1.626GHz) bands of the second-generation BeiDou satellite navigation system, the L1 (1575.42MHz±1.023MHz) and L2 (1227.6MHz±1.023MHz) bands of the Global Positioning System, and the GSM850 (824MHz~894MHz) bands of the 2G / 3G / 4G system. The following frequency bands are used: MHz), GSM900 (880MHz~960MHz), DCS1800 (1710MHz~1880MHz), PCS1900 (1850MHz~1990MHz), LTE850 (869MHz~894MHz), LTE2190 / 2000S (2.18GHz~2.20GHz), and LTE5537.5 (5.150GHz~5.925GHz); the 4.8GHz (4.6GHz~5.0GHz) band for 5G systems; and the IEEE 5537.5 band for WiFi. The frequency bands include 802.11ah (0.9GHz) and 802.11ac (5.8GHz), WiMAX (5.25GHz~5.85GHz), WLAN (5.15GHz~5.35GHz, 5.470GHz~5.725GHz and 5.725GHz~5.875GHz), high-altitude platform communication systems (6.44GHz~6.64GHz), and wireless medical telemetry service systems (1.41GHz~1.45GHz).

[0019] 5. Compared with the prior art, the multi-band microstrip patch antenna provided by the present invention can be widely used in multi-band satellite communication, satellite navigation and wireless communication systems, and the antenna has a simple structure, multiple functions, is easy to process and has low processing cost. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a top view schematic diagram of the multi-band microstrip patch antenna structure of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a side view schematic diagram of the multi-band microstrip patch antenna structure of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the multi-concentric circular ring curved fractal structure of the multi-band microstrip patch antenna of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 The voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) obtained from the simulation of the multi-band microstrip patch antenna of this invention;

[0024] In the figure: 1-Dielectric substrate, 2-Multi-concentric rings, 3-Magnetic cuboid, 4-Curved flow, 5-Coaxial feed line, 6-Microstrip feed line, 7-Rectangular patch antenna, 8-Air layer, 9-Metal ground plane, 10-Cylinder, 11-Curved fractal. Detailed Implementation

[0025] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the application will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only used to explain this application and are not intended to limit this application.

[0026] refer to Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the multi-band microstrip patch antenna based on a multi-resonant structure of the present invention includes a rectangular patch antenna, a dielectric substrate, an air layer, a metal ground plane, and a coaxial feed line. The rectangular patch antenna is located on one side of the dielectric substrate, the metal ground plane is located on the other side of the dielectric substrate, the air layer is located between the dielectric substrate and the metal ground plane, and the coaxial feed line passes through the metal ground plane and the dielectric substrate and is connected to the rectangular patch antenna. The rectangular patch antenna includes multiple concentric rings, a curved fractal, a curved flow, and a microstrip feed line. The multiple concentric rings utilize a curved fractal, a magnetic cuboid is located on the rectangular patch antenna, and the signal enters the multiple concentric rings and the curved flow through the coaxial feed line.

[0027] In this embodiment, the total dimensions of the multi-band microstrip patch antenna are approximately 160×200×19mm. 3 The dielectric substrate 1 is approximately 4 mm thick, the air layer 8 is approximately 3 mm thick, and the metal ground plane 9 is approximately 6 mm thick. The metal ground plane 9 is located at the bottom of the multi-band microstrip patch antenna. Centered on the axis of the coaxial feed line 5, a 10×10×3 mm area is cut out at the bottom of the metal ground plane 9. 3 A rectangular prism.

[0028] In this embodiment, the rectangular patch antenna 7 is printed on the dielectric substrate 1. The material of the rectangular patch antenna 7 is copper. The rectangular patch antenna 7 includes multiple concentric rings 2, curved fractals 11, curved flow 4, and microstrip feed lines 6.

[0029] In this embodiment, there are four concentric rings 2, which are mirror-symmetrical. The inner diameter of each concentric ring 2 is approximately 10 mm, and the outer diameter is approximately 35 mm. There are a total of 13 rings in the concentric rings 2, with the inner and outer diameters of each ring differing by 1 mm. The outer ring of each concentric ring 2 utilizes a curved fractal 11. Every 90 degrees, a 30-degree arc with a width of approximately 0.5 mm is cut out from the outer ring of each concentric ring, resulting in four such arcs. These arcs are then translated to the outer edge of each concentric ring to form the curved fractal 11, which extends the current flow path and increases the electrical length, without changing the area of ​​the concentric rings 2. The curved current 4 is located around the perimeter of the rectangular patch antenna 7, and its width is approximately 1 mm, further extending the current flow path and increasing the electrical length.

[0030] In this embodiment, the microstrip feed line 6 has five feed branches, which are respectively connected to four concentric rings 2 and a meandering current 4. The microstrip feed line 6 and the concentric rings 2 are connected by a microstrip feed line 6 covering a magnetic cuboid 3. The magnetic cuboid 3 has a length of approximately 32 mm, a width of approximately 6 mm, and a height of approximately 6 mm. The magnetic cuboid 3 is made of a material with ε of 11.4, tanδ of 0.19, μ of 4.9, and tanμ of 0.31. The magnetic cuboid 3 can reduce the wavelength of electromagnetic waves.

[0031] In this embodiment, the coaxial feed line 5 passes vertically through the metal ground plane 9 and the dielectric substrate 1, and is connected to the microstrip feed line 6. The characteristic impedance of the coaxial feed line 5 is 50Ω, and the 10×10mm diameter is centered on the axis of the coaxial feed line 5. 2 Within the area, the metal ground plane 9 and the dielectric substrate 1 are directly connected without an air layer 8 in between, thus avoiding the generation of inductance.

[0032] In this embodiment, the coaxial feeder 5 is a cylinder composed of a coaxial inner cylinder and an outer cylinder. The height of the coaxial feeder 5 is about 10 mm, the radius of the inner cylinder is about 1.1 mm, the material of the inner cylinder is copper, and the radius of the outer cylinder is about 2.9 mm.

[0033] In this embodiment, cylinders 10 are placed at the four corners of the air layer 8 and the metal ground plane 9. The cylinders 10 pass vertically through the air layer 8 and the metal ground plane 9. The radius of the cylinders 10 is about 0.5 mm and the height is about 4 mm. The cylinders 10 are made of a material with an ε of 2.08. The cylinders 10 are used to support the dielectric substrate 1.

[0034] In this embodiment, the multi-band microstrip patch antenna is either a transmitting antenna or a receiving antenna. When the multi-band microstrip patch antenna is a transmitting antenna, the signal passes through the inner cylinder of the coaxial feed line 5, enters the five feed branch microstrip feed lines 6, and then enters the four multi-concentric rings 2 and the meandering current 4 to radiate the electromagnetic signal. When the multi-band microstrip patch antenna is a receiving antenna, the signal passes through the four multi-concentric rings 2 and the meandering current 4, enters the five feed branch microstrip feed lines 6, and then enters the inner cylinder of the coaxial feed line 5.

[0035] In this embodiment, the addition of multiple concentric rings 2 excites multiple resonant modes, expands the bandwidth, and realizes multi-band signal radiation and reception.

[0036] In this embodiment, the addition of the meandering flow 4, the curved fractal 11, and the magnetic cuboid 3 enables the frequency band to shift to lower frequencies, which helps to miniaturize the antenna.

[0037] In this embodiment, the multi-band microstrip patch antenna is fabricated on one side, eliminating the need for lumped components to achieve circuit matching, which reduces the cost and complexity of fabrication. The addition of air layer 8 reduces the quality factor Q and expands the impedance bandwidth.

[0038] In this embodiment, Figure 4 The voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of the multi-band microstrip patch antenna of this invention, obtained through simulation, is less than 3 in seven frequency bands: 0.35 GHz to 0.57 GHz, 0.81 GHz to 1.10 GHz, 1.2 GHz to 2.0 GHz, 2.14 GHz to 2.51 GHz, 2.63 GHz to 2.70 GHz, 2.75 GHz to 3.55 GHz, and 3.82 GHz to 6.97 GHz. The corresponding relative bandwidths are 47.8%, 30.4%, and 50%, respectively. The results show that the multi-band microstrip patch antenna can achieve electromagnetic wave frequency response in seven frequency bands: 0.35GHz–0.57GHz, 0.81GHz–1.10GHz, 1.2GHz–2.0GHz, 2.14GHz–2.51GHz, 2.63GHz–2.70GHz, 2.75GHz–3.55GHz, and 3.82GHz–6.97GHz, with a relatively wide bandwidth.

[0039] In other preferred embodiments of the present invention, the implementation of other different operating frequency bands can be achieved by adjusting the number, size and material of the multi-concentric rings 2 and the curved fractals 11, or by adjusting the size and material of the curved flow 4 and the magnetic cuboid 3.

[0040] In other preferred embodiments of the present invention, the implementation of other different operating frequency bands can also be achieved by filling the dielectric substrate 1 with materials of different dielectric constants.

[0041] In summary, the multi-band microstrip patch antenna, composed of a rectangular patch antenna 7, a dielectric substrate 1, an air layer 8, a metal ground plane 9, and a coaxial feed line 5, can achieve electromagnetic wave frequency response in seven frequency bands: 0.35GHz–0.57GHz, 0.81GHz–1.10GHz, 1.2GHz–2.0GHz, 2.14GHz–2.51GHz, 2.63GHz–2.70GHz, 2.75GHz–3.55GHz, and 3.82GHz–6.97GHz. It can simultaneously cover 21 commonly used operating frequency bands, including satellite communication, satellite navigation, and wireless communication. It can be widely used in multi-band satellite communication, satellite navigation, and wireless communication systems. Furthermore, the antenna has a simple structure, multiple functions, is easy to manufacture, and has low manufacturing costs.

Claims

1. A multi-band microstrip patch antenna, characterized in that, The antenna includes a rectangular patch antenna, a dielectric substrate, an air layer, a metal ground plane, and a coaxial feed line. The rectangular patch antenna is located on one side of the dielectric substrate, the metal ground plane is located on the other side of the dielectric substrate, the air layer is located between the dielectric substrate and the metal ground plane, and the coaxial feed line passes through the metal ground plane and the dielectric substrate and is connected to the rectangular patch antenna. The rectangular patch antenna includes multiple concentric rings, a curved fractal, a curved flow, and a microstrip feed line. The multiple concentric rings utilize the curved fractal, a magnetic cuboid is located on the rectangular patch antenna, and the signal enters the multiple concentric rings and the curved flow through the coaxial feed line. There are four concentric rings in total, and the four concentric rings are mirror symmetrical. The outer ring of each concentric ring is applied with the curved fractal. A 30-degree arc is cut out every 90 degrees on the outer ring of each concentric ring, for a total of four arcs are cut out on the outer ring of each concentric ring, and each arc is translated to the edge of the outer ring of each concentric ring to form a curved fractal. The curved flow is located at the edge of the rectangular patch antenna, and the microstrip feed line has five feed branches. The five feed branches are respectively connected to the four concentric rings and the meandering flow, wherein the microstrip feed line is connected to the concentric rings through a microstrip feed line covering the magnetic cuboid.

2. The multi-band microstrip patch antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rectangular patch antenna is printed on the dielectric substrate.

3. The multi-band microstrip patch antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coaxial feed line passes vertically through the metal ground plane and the dielectric substrate, and is connected to the microstrip feed line. In the vicinity of the coaxial feed line, the metal ground plane and the dielectric substrate are directly connected, and there is no air layer in the vicinity of the coaxial feed line.

4. The multi-band microstrip patch antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that, The coaxial feeder is a cylinder composed of an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder, wherein the radius of the inner cylinder is smaller than the radius of the outer cylinder.

5. The multi-band microstrip patch antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, Cylinders are placed at the four corners of the air layer and the metal ground plane, the cylinders passing vertically through the air layer and the metal ground plane.

6. The multi-band microstrip patch antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The metal ground plane is located at the bottom layer of the multi-band microstrip patch antenna.

7. The multi-band microstrip patch antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-band microstrip patch antenna is either a transmitting antenna or a receiving antenna.

8. The multi-band microstrip patch antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that, If the multi-band microstrip patch antenna is a transmitting antenna, the signal passes through the inner cylinder of the coaxial feed line, enters the five feed branches, and then enters the four concentric rings and the meandering flow. If the multi-band microstrip patch antenna is a receiving antenna, the signal passes through the four concentric rings and the meandering flow, enters the five feed branches, and then enters the inner cylinder of the coaxial feed line.

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