An overvoltage and undervoltage protection device

Abstract

The application discloses an overvoltage and undervoltage protection device, comprising a detection module, a level conversion module and an overvoltage and undervoltage protection module; the input end of the detection module is connected with a power supply, and the detection module is used for detecting the output voltage value of the power supply; the output end of the detection module is connected with the input end of the level conversion module, and the output end of the level conversion module is connected with the signal input end of the overvoltage and undervoltage protection module; the level conversion module is used for generating a first electric signal in response to an abnormal signal sent by the detection module, indicating that the power supply is in an overvoltage or undervoltage state, and sending the first electric signal to the overvoltage and undervoltage protection module, so that the overvoltage and undervoltage protection module outputs a first control signal corresponding to the first electric signal; the scheme provided by the application can realize accurate detection of overvoltage or undervoltage of the power supply, has a fast response speed, can timely interrupt the switching element of the circuit, and avoids damage of the power supply in the overvoltage or undervoltage state to the load.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of vehicle electronic control technology, and in particular to an overvoltage and undervoltage protection device. Background Technology

[0002] Existing vehicles often employ multiple electronic control units (ECUs) that work together to form different electronic control systems. These systems have different functions; for example, the engine control system is responsible for engine ignition and fuel injection, while the electronic stability system is responsible for braking, anti-lock braking, and parking. Due to limited space within the vehicle, multiple ECUs often share the same power supply. During power supply operation, situations where the power supply output voltage is over- or under-voltage frequently occur. For instance, during high-power motor operation, load shedding, ignition start-up, or shutdown, voltage transients in the vehicle's power lines are common, and these transients can be extremely large, easily causing circuit damage. Therefore, it is necessary to promptly detect under- or over-voltage output voltages of the power supply to prevent ECU failure due to over- or under-voltage conditions.

[0003] Existing technical solutions for detecting overvoltage or undervoltage in power supplies often input the voltage after voltage division to the microcontroller's sampling port. The microcontroller then determines whether the voltage is above a set threshold (overvoltage) or below a set threshold (undervoltage). A control switch then controls the power supply's on / off state to achieve overvoltage or undervoltage detection and protection. However, this method has the following drawbacks: 1) It consumes microcontroller hardware and interface resources; 2) It relies on microcontroller software processing, and cannot promptly disconnect the power supply for protection when the microcontroller malfunctions; 3) It requires active detection and control by the microcontroller, and cannot provide necessary protection functions when the software crashes or has bugs.

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned problems in the existing technology, there is a need for an improved overvoltage and undervoltage protection device to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problems of the prior art, this application provides a technical solution for an overvoltage and undervoltage protection device, the technical solution of which is described below:

[0006] This application provides an overvoltage and undervoltage protection device, including: a detection module, a level conversion module, and an overvoltage and undervoltage protection module;

[0007] The input terminal of the detection module is used to connect to the power supply, and the detection module is used to detect the output voltage value of the power supply.

[0008] The output terminal of the detection module is connected to the input terminal of the level conversion module, and the output terminal of the level conversion module is connected to the signal input terminal of the overvoltage and undervoltage protection module.

[0009] The level conversion module is used to generate a first electrical signal in response to the abnormal signal sent by the detection module, which indicates that the power supply is in an overvoltage or undervoltage state, and send the first electrical signal to the overvoltage and undervoltage protection module, so that the overvoltage and undervoltage protection module outputs a first control signal corresponding to the first electrical signal.

[0010] Furthermore, the level conversion module is also used to generate a second electrical signal in response to the standard signal sent by the detection module that indicates that the power supply is in a normal voltage state, and send the second electrical signal to the overvoltage and undervoltage protection module, so that the overvoltage and undervoltage protection module outputs a second control signal corresponding to the second electrical signal.

[0011] Furthermore, the detection module includes an overvoltage detection submodule, the level conversion module includes an overvoltage level conversion submodule, and the abnormal signal includes a first abnormal sub-signal, which indicates that the power supply is in an overvoltage state.

[0012] The input terminal of the overvoltage detection submodule is connected to the power supply, and the output terminal of the overvoltage detection submodule is connected to the input terminal of the overvoltage level conversion submodule.

[0013] The overvoltage detection submodule is used to output the first abnormal sub-signal when the output voltage value of the power supply is detected to be greater than the first preset voltage threshold.

[0014] Furthermore, the overvoltage detection submodule includes a first voltage regulation circuit, a first Zener diode, a first transistor, and a second transistor;

[0015] The first voltage regulation circuit includes a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, and a first adjustable resistor, wherein the first resistor, the second resistor, the first adjustable resistor, the third resistor, and the power supply are connected in sequence;

[0016] The cathode of the first Zener diode is connected to the power supply, and the anode of the first Zener diode is connected to the first resistor;

[0017] The positive terminal of the first Zener diode, the second resistor, the base of the first transistor, the collector of the first transistor, and the base of the second transistor are connected in sequence.

[0018] The collector of the second transistor is connected to the overvoltage level conversion submodule.

[0019] Furthermore, the overvoltage level conversion submodule includes a first optocoupler, an inverter, and a first light-emitting diode;

[0020] The input terminal of the first optocoupler is connected to the overvoltage detection submodule, and the output terminal of the first optocoupler is connected to the signal input terminal of the inverter.

[0021] The signal output terminal of the inverter is connected to the positive terminal of the first light-emitting diode and the overvoltage and undervoltage protection module, respectively.

[0022] Furthermore, the detection module includes an undervoltage detection submodule, the level conversion module includes an undervoltage level conversion submodule, and the abnormal signal includes a second abnormal sub-signal, which indicates that the power supply is in an undervoltage state.

[0023] The input terminal of the undervoltage detection submodule is connected to the power supply, and the output terminal of the undervoltage detection submodule is connected to the input terminal of the undervoltage level conversion submodule.

[0024] The undervoltage detection submodule is used to output the second abnormal sub-signal when the output voltage value of the power supply is detected to be less than the second preset voltage threshold.

[0025] Furthermore, the undervoltage detection submodule includes a second voltage regulation circuit, a second Zener diode, a third transistor, and a fourth transistor;

[0026] The second voltage regulation circuit includes a fourth resistor, a fifth resistor, a sixth resistor, and a second adjustable resistor, wherein the fourth resistor, the fifth resistor, the second adjustable resistor, the sixth resistor, and the power supply are connected in sequence;

[0027] The negative terminal of the second Zener diode is connected to the power supply, and the positive terminal of the second Zener diode is connected to the fourth resistor;

[0028] The positive terminal of the second Zener diode, the fifth resistor, the base of the third transistor, the collector of the third transistor, and the base of the fourth transistor are connected in sequence.

[0029] The collector of the fourth transistor is connected to the undervoltage level conversion submodule.

[0030] Furthermore, the undervoltage level conversion submodule includes a second optocoupler and a second light-emitting diode;

[0031] The input terminal of the second optocoupler is connected to the undervoltage detection submodule, and the output terminal of the second optocoupler is connected to the positive terminal of the second light-emitting diode and the overvoltage and undervoltage protection module, respectively.

[0032] Furthermore, the overvoltage and undervoltage protection module includes a fifth transistor and a seventh resistor;

[0033] The base of the fifth transistor is connected to the level conversion module, and the emitter of the fifth transistor is used to connect to an external chip. The charge pump voltage output by the external chip is greater than the rated voltage of the power supply.

[0034] The external chip, the seventh resistor, the base of the fifth transistor, and the collector of the fifth transistor are connected in sequence.

[0035] Furthermore, it also includes a power control module;

[0036] The signal input terminal of the power control module is connected to the signal output terminal of the overvoltage and undervoltage protection module, the power input terminal of the power control module is connected to the power supply, and the signal output terminal of the power control module is connected to the load.

[0037] The power control module is used to interrupt the power supply to the load when it receives the first control signal sent by the overvoltage and undervoltage protection module.

[0038] The overvoltage and undervoltage protection device provided in this application has the following technical advantages:

[0039] This application embodiment achieves real-time detection of overvoltage or undervoltage in the power supply by setting up a detection module, a level conversion module, and an overvoltage / undervoltage protection module. Specifically, the input terminal of the detection module is connected to the power supply and is used to detect the output voltage value of the power supply; the output terminal of the detection module is connected to the input terminal of the level conversion module, and the output terminal of the level conversion module is connected to the signal input terminal of the overvoltage / undervoltage protection module; the level conversion module generates a first electrical signal in response to the abnormal signal indicating that the power supply is in an overvoltage or undervoltage state sent by the detection module, and sends the first electrical signal to the overvoltage / undervoltage protection module, so that the overvoltage / undervoltage protection module outputs a first control signal corresponding to the first electrical signal, thereby controlling the switching devices in the circuit to be in an open state. Using the technical solution provided by this application, accurate detection of overvoltage or undervoltage in the power supply can be achieved, and the response speed is fast, which can interrupt the switching elements of the circuit in time, thereby avoiding damage to the load caused by the power supply in an overvoltage or undervoltage state. Attached Figure Description

[0040] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0041] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an overvoltage and undervoltage protection device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0042] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the overvoltage detection submodule and the overvoltage level conversion submodule provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0043] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the undervoltage detection submodule and the undervoltage level conversion submodule provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0044] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the overvoltage and undervoltage protection module and the power control module provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0045] The corresponding reference numerals in the attached diagram are as follows: 1-Detection module; 11-Overvoltage detection submodule; 111-First voltage regulation circuit; 1111-First resistor; 1112-Second resistor; 1113-Third resistor; 1114-First adjustable resistor; 112-First Zener diode; 113-First transistor; 114-Second transistor; 115-First protection resistor; 12-Undervoltage detection submodule; 121-Second voltage regulation circuit; 1211-Fourth resistor; 1212-Fifth resistor; 1213-Sixth resistor; 1214-Second adjustable resistor; 122-Second Zener diode; 123-Third transistor; 124-Fourth transistor; 125-Sixth protection resistor; 2-Level conversion module; 21-Overvoltage level conversion submodule; 211-First optocoupler; 212-Inverter; 213-First light-emitting diode 214-Second protection resistor; 215-Third protection resistor; 216-Fourth protection resistor; 217-Fifth protection resistor; 218-First anti-reverse diode; 22-Undervoltage level conversion submodule; 221-Second optocoupler; 222-Second light-emitting diode; 223-Seventh protection resistor; 224-Eighth protection resistor; 225-Ninth protection resistor; 226-Tenth protection resistor; 227-Second anti-reverse diode; 3-Overvoltage and undervoltage protection module; 31-Fifth transistor; 32-Seventh resistor; 33-Eleventh protection resistor; 34-Energy storage capacitor; 4-Power control module; 41-Field effect transistor; 42-Bidirectional diode; 43-Gate-source insulation resistance; 44-Filter capacitor; 45-Transient bidirectional diode; 46-Body decoupling capacitor; 47-Twelfth protection resistor; 5-Power supply; 6-Load. Detailed Implementation

[0046] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0047] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein.

[0048] Please see Figures 1-4 The following is combined with Figures 1-4 The technical solution of this application is described in detail.

[0049] This application provides an overvoltage and undervoltage protection device, specifically including a detection module 1, a level conversion module 2, and an overvoltage and undervoltage protection module 3.

[0050] The input terminal of the detection module 1 is connected to the power supply 5, and the detection module 1 is used to detect the output voltage value of the power supply 5. The output terminal of the detection module 1 is connected to the input terminal of the level conversion module 2, and the output terminal of the level conversion module 2 is connected to the signal input terminal of the overvoltage and undervoltage protection module 3. The level conversion module 2 is used to generate a first electrical signal in response to the abnormal signal sent by the detection module 1 that indicates that the power supply 5 is in an overvoltage or undervoltage state, and send the first electrical signal to the overvoltage and undervoltage protection module 3 so that the overvoltage and undervoltage protection module 3 outputs a first control signal corresponding to the first electrical signal.

[0051] In this embodiment, by setting up a detection module 1, a level conversion module 2, and an overvoltage / undervoltage protection module 3, the overvoltage or undervoltage of the power supply 5 can be accurately detected, and the response speed is fast, which can interrupt the switching elements of the circuit in time, thereby preventing the power supply 5 in an overvoltage or undervoltage state from damaging the load 6.

[0052] Specifically, detection module 1 detects the output voltage of power supply 5 and generates an abnormal signal when power supply 5 is in an overvoltage or undervoltage state, thereby improving the accuracy of overvoltage or undervoltage detection of power supply 5. Level conversion module 2 responds to the abnormal signal sent by detection module 1, generates a first electrical signal corresponding to the abnormal signal, and triggers the light-emitting element in level conversion module 2 to emit light as a reminder. At the same time, level conversion module 2 sends the generated first electrical signal to overvoltage / undervoltage protection module 3, so that overvoltage / undervoltage protection module 3 outputs a first control signal corresponding to the first electrical signal. This ensures that the switching elements in the circuit used to control the connection and disconnection between the power supply 5 and the load 6 are in an open state based on the first control signal, achieving precise protection for the load 6 and preventing damage to the load 6 caused by the power supply 5 being in an overvoltage or undervoltage state. In addition, during the signal transmission process between the detection module 1, the level conversion module 2, and the overvoltage and undervoltage protection module 3, only the transmission of digital signals is involved, not the transmission of analog signals. This gives the entire overvoltage and undervoltage protection device the advantage of fast response speed, which can promptly interrupt the switching elements of the circuit, thus providing good protection for the load 6.

[0053] In practical applications, the first electrical signal is a high-level signal. When the level conversion module 2 generates a high-level signal, it indicates that the power supply 5 is in an overvoltage or undervoltage state. The level conversion module 2 sends the high-level signal to the overvoltage and undervoltage protection module 3 so that the overvoltage and undervoltage protection module 3 outputs a first control signal corresponding to the high-level signal. Specifically, the first control signal can make the switching element between the power supply 5 and the load 6 open, thereby interrupting the connection between the power supply 5 and the load 6, so as to protect the load 6.

[0054] In an optional implementation, the level conversion module 2 is further configured to generate a second electrical signal in response to a standard signal sent by the detection module 1 that indicates that the power supply 5 is in a normal voltage state, and send the second electrical signal to the overvoltage and undervoltage protection module 3 so that the overvoltage and undervoltage protection module 3 outputs a second control signal corresponding to the second electrical signal.

[0055] Specifically, the second electrical signal is a low-level signal. When the level conversion module 2 generates a low-level signal, it indicates that the power supply 5 is in a normal voltage state and can operate normally. The level conversion module 2 sends the generated low-level signal to the overvoltage and undervoltage protection module 3 so that the overvoltage and undervoltage protection module 3 outputs a second control signal corresponding to the low-level signal. Specifically, the second control signal enables the switching element between the power supply 5 and the load 6 to be in a conducting state, thereby ensuring that the power supply 5 and the load 6 are always in a connected state, so as to realize that the power supply 5 supplies power to the load 6 normally.

[0056] In an optional implementation, the detection module 1 includes an overvoltage detection submodule 11, the level conversion module 2 includes an overvoltage level conversion submodule 21, and the abnormal signal includes a first abnormal sub-signal, which indicates that the power supply 5 is in an overvoltage state.

[0057] The input terminal of the overvoltage detection submodule 11 is connected to the power supply 5, and the output terminal of the overvoltage detection submodule 11 is connected to the input terminal of the overvoltage level conversion submodule 21. The overvoltage detection submodule 11 is used to output a first abnormal sub-signal when the output voltage value of the power supply 5 is detected to be greater than a first preset voltage threshold.

[0058] In this embodiment, an overvoltage detection submodule 11 is provided to accurately detect whether the power supply 5 is in an overvoltage state. Specifically, the overvoltage detection submodule 11 is used to detect whether the output voltage value of the power supply 5 is in an overvoltage state. When the overvoltage detection submodule 11 detects that the output voltage value of the power supply 5 is greater than a first preset voltage threshold, it indicates that the power supply 5 is in an overvoltage state. At this time, the overvoltage detection submodule 11 generates a first abnormal sub-signal and transmits the first abnormal sub-signal to the overvoltage level conversion submodule 21, so that the overvoltage level conversion submodule 21 generates a first sub-electrical signal based on the first abnormal sub-signal. When the overvoltage detection submodule 11 detects that the output voltage value of the power supply 5 is less than a third preset voltage threshold, it indicates that the power supply 5 is in a normal operating voltage state. At this time, the overvoltage detection submodule 11 generates a first normal sub-signal and transmits the first normal sub-signal to the overvoltage level conversion submodule 21, so that the overvoltage level conversion submodule 21 generates a third sub-electrical signal based on the first normal sub-signal, thereby achieving accurate detection of whether the power supply 5 is in an overvoltage state.

[0059] In practical applications, the first abnormal sub-signal and the first sub-electrical signal are both high-level signals, while the first normal sub-signal and the third sub-electrical signal are both low-level signals. That is, when the power supply 5 is in an overvoltage state, the overvoltage detection submodule 11 generates a high-level signal and sends the high-level signal to the overvoltage level conversion submodule 21. The overvoltage level conversion submodule 21 generates a high-level signal upon receiving the high-level signal sent by the overvoltage detection submodule 11. When the power supply 5 is in a normal voltage state, the overvoltage detection submodule 11 generates a low-level signal and sends the low-level signal to the overvoltage level conversion submodule 21. The overvoltage level conversion submodule 21 generates a low-level signal upon receiving the low-level signal sent by the overvoltage detection submodule 11.

[0060] In one embodiment, the overvoltage detection submodule 11 includes a first voltage regulation circuit 111, a first Zener diode 112, a first transistor 113, and a second transistor 114. The first voltage regulation circuit 111 includes a first resistor 1111, a second resistor 1112, a third resistor 1113, and a first adjustable resistor 1114. The first resistor 1111, the second resistor 1112, the first adjustable resistor 1114, the third resistor 1113, and the power supply 5 are connected in sequence. The cathode of the first Zener diode 112 is connected to the power supply 5, and the anode of the first Zener diode 112 is connected to the first resistor 1111. The anode of the first Zener diode 112, the second resistor 1112, the base of the first transistor 113, the collector of the first transistor 113, and the base of the second transistor 114 are connected in sequence. The collector of the second transistor 114 is connected to the overvoltage level conversion submodule 21.

[0061] In one specific embodiment, the cathode of the first Zener diode 112 is connected to the power supply 5. When the first Zener diode 112 is not reverse-biased, it is unidirectionally conductive, meaning the power supply 5 cannot conduct through it. When the power supply 5 is under overvoltage, the first Zener diode 112 is reverse-biased, generating leakage current. This leakage current flows through the first resistor 1111, generating a voltage. Since this voltage is greater than the forward voltage of the first transistor 113, the first transistor 113 is in the on-state. Simultaneously, because the emitter of the first transistor 113 is grounded and its collector is connected to the base of the second transistor 114, when the first transistor 113 is on, the voltage at the base of the second transistor 114 is pulled low, and the second transistor 114 is in the off-state. Figure 2 Point a outputs a high-level signal, because Figure 2 Point a is the output terminal of the overvoltage detection submodule 11. Therefore, the output terminal of the overvoltage detection submodule 11 outputs a high-level signal. That is, the high-level signal is the first abnormal sub-signal generated when the overvoltage detection submodule 11 detects that the output voltage value of the power supply 5 is greater than the first preset voltage threshold. Thus, the overvoltage detection submodule 11 can accurately detect that the power supply 5 is in an overvoltage state.

[0062] When the overvoltage detection submodule 11 outputs a high-level signal, the first transistor 113 remains on and the second transistor 114 remains off due to the loop formed by the first voltage regulation circuit 111. This continues until the output voltage of the power supply 5 is less than the third preset voltage threshold. At this point, because the first Zener diode 112 is not broken down, the voltage at the base of the first transistor 113 is less than its on-state voltage, so the first transistor 113 is off. Simultaneously, because the base of the second transistor 114 is connected to the power supply 5, the second transistor 114 is on. Figure 2 Point a outputs a low-level signal, so the output terminal of the overvoltage detection submodule 11 outputs a low-level signal. When the output terminal of the overvoltage detection submodule 11 outputs a low-level signal, it indicates that the power supply 5 is in normal operating voltage condition.

[0063] In one specific embodiment, this application can also change the first preset voltage threshold and the third preset voltage threshold by adjusting the first adjustable resistor 1114 and the first Zener diode 112 in the first voltage regulation circuit 111. The first preset voltage threshold is the upper limit of the overvoltage threshold of the power supply 5, the third preset voltage threshold is the lower limit of the overvoltage threshold of the power supply 5, and the hysteresis window of the overvoltage detection submodule 11 is from the third preset voltage threshold to the first preset voltage threshold. In this way, the overvoltage threshold of the power supply 5 in the overvoltage state can be adjusted to adapt to different overvoltage threshold scenarios.

[0064] In one embodiment, the first preset voltage threshold is denoted as V1, then

[0065] V1 = V 112 +V 113

[0066] Among them, V 112 V is the breakdown voltage of the first Zener diode 112. 113 The first preset voltage threshold is the conduction voltage of the first transistor 113. As can be seen from the formula for determining the first preset voltage threshold, the first preset voltage threshold can be adjusted by adjusting the breakdown voltage of the first Zener diode 112, that is, the upper limit of the overvoltage threshold of the power supply 5 can be adjusted.

[0067] In another embodiment, the third preset voltage threshold is denoted as V3, then

[0068] V3 = V 113 (R 1111 +R 1112 +R 1114 +R 1113 ) / (R 1111 +R 1112 )

[0069] Among them, V 113 R is the turn-on voltage of the first transistor 113. 1111 R is the resistance value of the first resistor 1111. 1112 R is the resistance value of the second resistor 1112. 1114 R is the resistance value of the first adjustable resistor 1114. 1113 The resistance value of the third resistor 1113 is given. As can be seen from the formula for determining the third preset voltage threshold, the third preset voltage threshold can be adjusted by adjusting the resistance value of the first adjustable resistor 1114, that is, the lower limit of the overvoltage threshold of the power supply 5 can be adjusted.

[0070] It should be noted that the conduction voltage of the first transistor 113 can be 0.7V, the first preset voltage threshold can be 30V, and the third preset voltage threshold can be 27V. Therefore, the hysteresis window of the overvoltage detection submodule 11 can be 27V to 30V. In addition, the first preset voltage threshold may include, but is not limited to, 30V, and the third preset voltage threshold may include, but is not limited to, 27V. The first and third preset voltage thresholds can also be determined according to specific circumstances, and no specific limitation is made here.

[0071] Furthermore, the overvoltage detection submodule 11 also includes a first protection resistor 115, wherein the power supply 5 is connected to the collector of the first transistor 113 through the first protection resistor 115, so that the power supply 5 provides energy to the collector of the first transistor 113 through the first protection resistor 115, and at the same time, it can also protect the circuit.

[0072] In another embodiment, the overvoltage level conversion submodule 21 includes a first optocoupler 211, an inverter 212, and a first light-emitting diode 213; wherein, the input terminal of the first optocoupler 211 is connected to the overvoltage detection submodule 11, and the output terminal of the first optocoupler 211 is connected to the signal input terminal of the inverter 212; the signal output terminal of the inverter 212 is connected to the positive terminal of the first light-emitting diode 213 and the overvoltage and undervoltage protection module 3, respectively.

[0073] In this embodiment, the input terminal of the first optocoupler 211 is connected to the output terminal of the overvoltage detection submodule 11. When the first optocoupler 211 receives a high-level signal from the overvoltage detection submodule 11, it can be turned on to convert the high-level signal input to the first optocoupler 211 into a low-level signal. Conversely, when the first optocoupler 211 receives a low-level signal from the overvoltage detection submodule 11, it is turned off. Specifically, when the power supply 5 is in an overvoltage state, the overvoltage detection submodule 11 outputs a high-level signal, turning on the first optocoupler 211 and causing it to output a low-level signal. Since the output terminal of the first optocoupler 211 is connected to the signal input terminal of the inverter 212, the low-level signal output by the first optocoupler 211 at this time... After passing through inverter 212, a high-level signal is output. At the same time, the first light-emitting diode 213 is in an emitting state. It should be noted that the first light-emitting diode 213 is a light-emitting element. When the power supply 5 is at the normal operating voltage, the overvoltage detection submodule 11 outputs a low-level signal. The low-level signal output by the overvoltage detection submodule 11 cannot turn on the first optocoupler 211, so the first optocoupler 211 is in an open state. Since the input terminal of inverter 212 is connected to the power supply, the input terminal of inverter 212 is a high-level signal. After being inverted by inverter 212, inverter 212 outputs a low-level signal. At the same time, the first light-emitting diode 213 is in a non-emitting state. Therefore, by observing whether the first light-emitting diode 213 is emitting light, it can be determined whether the power supply 5 is in an overvoltage state, which is convenient for operators to observe.

[0074] Furthermore, the overvoltage level conversion submodule 21 also includes a second protection resistor 214, a third protection resistor 215, a fourth protection resistor 216, a fifth protection resistor 217, and a first anti-reverse diode 218. This application uses the second protection resistor 214, the third protection resistor 215, the fourth protection resistor 216, and the fifth protection resistor 217 to protect the circuit, and uses the first anti-reverse diode 218 to prevent the electrical signal output by the overvoltage level conversion submodule 21 from affecting the electrical signal output by the inverter 212, thereby ensuring the stability and accuracy of overvoltage detection of the power supply 5.

[0075] In another optional embodiment, the detection module 1 includes an undervoltage detection submodule 12, the level conversion module 2 includes an undervoltage level conversion submodule 22, and the abnormal signal includes a second abnormal sub-signal, which indicates that the power supply 5 is in an undervoltage state.

[0076] The input terminal of the undervoltage detection submodule 12 is connected to the power supply 5, and the output terminal of the undervoltage detection submodule 12 is connected to the input terminal of the undervoltage level conversion submodule 22. The undervoltage detection submodule 12 is used to output a second abnormal sub-signal when the output voltage value of the power supply 5 is detected to be less than the second preset voltage threshold.

[0077] In this embodiment, an undervoltage detection submodule 12 is provided to accurately detect whether the power supply 5 is in an undervoltage state. Specifically, the undervoltage detection submodule 12 is used to detect whether the output voltage value of the power supply 5 is in an undervoltage state. When the undervoltage detection submodule 12 detects that the output voltage value of the power supply 5 is less than a second preset voltage threshold, it indicates that the power supply 5 is in an undervoltage state. At this time, the undervoltage detection submodule 12 generates a second abnormal sub-signal and transmits the second abnormal sub-signal to the undervoltage level conversion submodule 22, so that the undervoltage level conversion submodule 22 generates a second sub-electrical signal based on the second abnormal sub-signal. When the undervoltage detection submodule 12 detects that the output voltage value of the power supply 5 is greater than a fourth preset voltage threshold, it indicates that the power supply 5 is in a normal operating voltage state. At this time, the undervoltage detection submodule 12 generates a second normal sub-signal and transmits the second normal sub-signal to the undervoltage level conversion submodule 22, so that the undervoltage level conversion submodule 22 generates a fourth sub-electrical signal based on the second normal sub-signal, thereby achieving accurate detection of whether the power supply 5 is in an undervoltage state.

[0078] In practical applications, the second abnormal sub-signal is a low-level signal, the second sub-electrical signal is a high-level signal, the second normal sub-signal is a high-level signal, and the fourth sub-electrical signal is a low-level signal. That is, when the power supply 5 is in an undervoltage state, the undervoltage detection submodule 12 generates a low-level signal and sends the low-level signal to the undervoltage level conversion submodule 22. The undervoltage level conversion submodule 22 generates a high-level signal upon receiving the low-level signal sent by the undervoltage detection submodule 12. When the power supply 5 is in a normal voltage state, the undervoltage detection submodule 12 generates a high-level signal and sends the high-level signal to the undervoltage level conversion submodule 22. The undervoltage level conversion submodule 22 generates a low-level signal upon receiving the high-level signal sent by the undervoltage detection submodule 12.

[0079] In one embodiment, the undervoltage detection submodule 12 includes a second voltage regulation circuit 121, a second Zener diode 122, a third transistor 123, and a fourth transistor 124. The second voltage regulation circuit 121 includes a fourth resistor 1211, a fifth resistor 1212, a sixth resistor 1213, and a second adjustable resistor 1214. The fourth resistor 1211, the fifth resistor 1212, the second adjustable resistor 1214, the sixth resistor 1213, and the power supply 5 are connected in sequence. The negative terminal of the second Zener diode 122 is connected to the power supply 5, and the positive terminal of the second Zener diode 122 is connected to the fourth resistor 1211. The positive terminal of the second Zener diode 122, the fifth resistor 1212, the base of the third transistor 123, the collector of the third transistor 123, and the base of the fourth transistor 124 are connected in sequence. The collector of the fourth transistor 124 is connected to the undervoltage level conversion submodule 22.

[0080] In one specific embodiment, the negative terminal of the second Zener diode 122 is connected to the power supply 5. When the second Zener diode 122 is not reverse-broken, it is unidirectionally conductive, meaning the power supply 5 cannot conduct through it. When the output voltage of the power supply 5 exceeds a fourth preset voltage threshold, the second Zener diode 122 is reverse-broken. At this time, the second Zener diode 122 breaks down and generates leakage current. This leakage current flows through the fourth resistor 1211, generating a voltage value. Since this voltage value is greater than the forward voltage of the third transistor 123, the third transistor 123 is in a conducting state. Simultaneously, because the emitter of the third transistor 123 is grounded and its collector is connected to the base of the fourth transistor 124, when the third transistor 123 is conducting, the voltage at the base of the fourth transistor 124 is pulled low, and the fourth transistor 124 is in a de-energized state. Figure 2 The output of point C is a high-level signal, because Figure 2 Point C is the output terminal of the undervoltage detection submodule 12. Therefore, the output terminal of the undervoltage detection submodule 12 outputs a high-level signal. That is, the high-level signal is the second normal sub-signal generated when the undervoltage detection submodule 12 detects that the output voltage value of the power supply 5 is greater than the fourth preset voltage threshold. When the output terminal of the undervoltage detection submodule 12 outputs a high-level signal, it indicates that the power supply 5 is in the normal operating voltage state.

[0081] When the undervoltage detection submodule 12 outputs a high-level signal, the loop formed by the second voltage regulation circuit 121 keeps the third transistor 123 conducting and the fourth transistor 124 off until the output voltage of the power supply 5 is less than the second preset voltage threshold. At this point, because the second Zener diode 122 is not broken down, the voltage at the base of the third transistor 123 is less than its on-state voltage, so the third transistor 123 is off. Simultaneously, because the base of the fourth transistor 124 is connected to the power supply 5, the fourth transistor 124 is conducting. Figure 2 The output of point c is a low-level signal, so the output of the undervoltage detection submodule 12 outputs a low-level signal. When the output of the undervoltage detection submodule 12 outputs a low-level signal, it indicates that the power supply 5 is in an undervoltage state. Thus, the undervoltage detection submodule 12 can accurately detect that the power supply 5 is in an undervoltage state.

[0082] In one specific embodiment, this application can also change the second preset voltage threshold and the fourth preset voltage threshold by adjusting the second adjustable resistor 1214 and the second Zener diode 122 in the second voltage regulation circuit 121. The second preset voltage threshold is the upper limit of the undervoltage threshold of the power supply 5, and the fourth preset voltage threshold is the lower limit of the undervoltage threshold of the power supply 5. The hysteresis window of the undervoltage detection submodule 12 is the second preset voltage threshold to the fourth preset voltage threshold. In this way, the undervoltage threshold of the power supply 5 in the undervoltage state can be adjusted to adapt to different undervoltage threshold scenarios.

[0083] In one embodiment, the fourth preset voltage threshold is denoted as V4, then

[0084] V4 = V 122 +V 123

[0085] Among them, V 122 V is the breakdown voltage of the second Zener diode 122. 123 The conduction voltage of the third transistor 123 is given. As can be seen from the formula for determining the second preset voltage threshold, the second preset voltage threshold can be adjusted by adjusting the breakdown voltage of the second Zener diode 122, that is, the upper limit of the undervoltage threshold of the power supply 5 can be adjusted.

[0086] In another embodiment, the second preset voltage threshold is denoted as V2, then

[0087] V2 = V 123 (R 1211 +R 1212 +R 1214 +R 1213 ) / (R1211 +R 1212 )

[0088] Among them, V 123 R is the turn-on voltage of the third transistor 123. 1211 R is the resistance value of the fourth resistor 1211. 1212 R is the resistance value of the fifth resistor 1212. 1214 R is the resistance value of the second adjustable resistor 1214. 1213 The resistance value of the sixth resistor 1213 is given. As can be seen from the formula for determining the fourth preset voltage threshold, the fourth preset voltage threshold can be adjusted by adjusting the resistance value of the second adjustable resistor 1214, that is, the lower limit of the undervoltage threshold of the power supply 5 can be adjusted.

[0089] It should be noted that the conduction voltage of the third transistor 123 can be 0.7V, the second preset voltage threshold can be 5V, and the fourth preset voltage threshold can be 6V. Therefore, the hysteresis window of the undervoltage detection submodule 12 can be 5V to 6V. In addition, the second preset voltage threshold may include, but is not limited to, 5V, and the fourth preset voltage threshold may include, but is not limited to, 6V. The second and fourth preset voltage thresholds can also be determined according to specific circumstances, and no specific limitation is made here.

[0090] Furthermore, the undervoltage detection submodule 12 also includes a sixth protection resistor 125, wherein the power supply 5 is connected to the collector of the third transistor 123 through the sixth protection resistor 125, so that the power supply 5 provides energy to the collector of the third transistor 123 through the sixth protection resistor 125, and at the same time, it can also protect the circuit.

[0091] In another embodiment, the undervoltage level conversion submodule 22 includes a second optocoupler 221 and a second light-emitting diode 222, wherein the input terminal of the second optocoupler 221 is connected to the undervoltage detection submodule 12, and the output terminal of the second optocoupler 221 is connected to the positive terminal of the second light-emitting diode 222 and the overvoltage and undervoltage protection module 3, respectively.

[0092] In this embodiment, the input terminal of the second optocoupler 221 is connected to the output terminal of the undervoltage detection submodule 12. When the second optocoupler 221 receives a high-level signal from the undervoltage detection submodule 12, it can be turned on to convert the high-level signal input to the second optocoupler 221 into a low-level signal. Conversely, when the second optocoupler 221 receives a low-level signal from the undervoltage detection submodule 12, it is turned off. Specifically, when the power supply 5 is in an undervoltage state, the undervoltage detection submodule 12 outputs a low-level signal, and the second optocoupler 221 is turned off. Meanwhile, since the power input terminal of the undervoltage level conversion submodule 22 is also connected to the power supply... The undervoltage level conversion submodule 22 outputs a high-level signal. At the same time, the second LED 222 is affected by the high-level signal and is in an emitting state. It should be noted that the second LED 222 is a light-emitting element. When the power supply 5 is at the normal operating voltage, the undervoltage detection submodule 12 outputs a high-level signal, which makes the second optocoupler 221 conduct. The output terminal of the second optocoupler 221 outputs a low-level signal. At the same time, the second LED 222 is in a non-emitting state. Therefore, by observing whether the second LED 222 is emitting light, it can be determined whether the power supply 5 is in an undervoltage state, which is convenient for operators to observe.

[0093] Furthermore, the undervoltage level conversion submodule 22 also includes a seventh protection resistor 223, an eighth protection resistor 224, a ninth protection resistor 225, a tenth protection resistor 226, and a second anti-reverse diode 227. This application provides circuit protection by setting the seventh protection resistor 223, the eighth protection resistor 224, the ninth protection resistor 225, and the tenth protection resistor 226, and prevents the electrical signal output by the undervoltage level conversion submodule 22 from affecting the electrical signal output by the second optocoupler 221 by setting the second anti-reverse diode 227, thereby ensuring the stability and accuracy of undervoltage detection of the power supply 5.

[0094] In an optional embodiment, the overvoltage and undervoltage protection module 3 includes a fifth transistor 31 and a seventh resistor 32. The base of the fifth transistor 31 is connected to the level conversion module 2, and the emitter of the fifth transistor 31 is used to connect to an external chip. The charge pump voltage output by the external chip is greater than the rated voltage of the power supply 5. The external chip, the seventh resistor 32, the base of the fifth transistor 31, and the collector of the fifth transistor 31 are connected in sequence. Further, the overvoltage and undervoltage protection module 3 also includes an eleventh protection resistor 33 and an energy storage capacitor 34. By setting the eleventh protection resistor 33 and the energy storage capacitor 34, circuit protection can be achieved.

[0095] In another optional embodiment, the overvoltage and undervoltage protection device further includes a power control module 4, wherein the signal input terminal of the power control module 4 is connected to the signal output terminal of the overvoltage and undervoltage protection module 3, the power input terminal of the power control module 4 is connected to the power supply 5, and the signal output terminal of the power control module 4 is connected to the load 6; the power control module 4 is used to interrupt the power supply 5 to supply power to the load 6 when it receives a first control signal sent by the overvoltage and undervoltage protection module 3.

[0096] In one embodiment, the power control module 4 includes a field-effect transistor 41, a bidirectional diode 42, and a gate-source insulation resistor 43. The gate of the field-effect transistor 41 is connected to the collector of the fifth transistor 31, the drain of the field-effect transistor 41 is connected to the power supply 5, and the source of the field-effect transistor 41 is connected to the load 6. The source of the field-effect transistor 41 is connected to the gate of the field-effect transistor 41 through the bidirectional diode 42, and the source of the field-effect transistor 41 is connected to the gate of the field-effect transistor 41 through the gate-source insulation resistor 43. The bidirectional diode 42 and the gate-source insulation resistor 43 are connected in parallel.

[0097] In this embodiment, the input terminal of the overvoltage and undervoltage protection module 3 is connected to the level conversion module 2 so as to receive the electrical signal sent by the level conversion module 2 and output the control signal corresponding to the electrical signal, thereby controlling the on / off state of the power control module 4 according to the control signal to achieve protection of the load 6.

[0098] Specifically, when the power supply 5 is in an overvoltage state, the overvoltage level conversion submodule 21 sends a high-level signal to the overvoltage and undervoltage protection module 3. Alternatively, when the power supply 5 is in an undervoltage state, the undervoltage level conversion submodule 22 sends a high-level signal to the overvoltage and undervoltage protection module 3. When the overvoltage and undervoltage protection module 3 receives the high-level signal, since the fifth transistor 31 is a PNP transistor and its emitter is connected to an external chip, the external chip can provide a charge pump voltage greater than the rated voltage of the power supply 5 to the emitter of the fifth transistor 31, thus putting the fifth transistor 31 in an off state. At the same time, since the collector of the fifth transistor 31 is connected to the gate of the field-effect transistor 41, and the field-effect transistor 41 is an N-channel field-effect transistor, the gate voltage of the field-effect transistor 41 is equal to the source voltage of the field-effect transistor 41, both of which are equal to zero, thus putting the field-effect transistor 41 in an off state. At this time, the power supply 5 cannot supply power to the load 6 through the field-effect transistor 41, thereby protecting the load 6.

[0099] When the power supply 5 is in a normal voltage state, the overvoltage level conversion submodule 21 and / or the undervoltage level conversion submodule 22 send a low-level signal to the overvoltage and undervoltage protection module 3. When the overvoltage and undervoltage protection module 3 receives the low-level signal, since the fifth transistor 31 is a PNP transistor and its emitter is connected to an external chip, the external chip can provide a charge pump voltage greater than the rated voltage of the power supply 5 to the emitter of the fifth transistor 31, so that the fifth transistor 31 is in the conducting state. At the same time, since the collector of the fifth transistor 31 is connected to the gate of the field-effect transistor 41, and the field-effect transistor 41 is an N-channel field-effect transistor, that is, the gate voltage of the field-effect transistor 41 is equal to the charge pump voltage, the gate voltage of the field-effect transistor 41 is greater than the source voltage of the field-effect transistor 41, and the field-effect transistor 41 is in the conducting state, so that the power supply 5 supplies power to the load 6 through the field-effect transistor 41.

[0100] This application incorporates a bidirectional diode 42 and a gate-source insulation resistor 43. The source of the field-effect transistor 41 is connected to the gate of the field-effect transistor 41 through the bidirectional diode 42, and the source of the field-effect transistor 41 is connected to the gate of the field-effect transistor 41 through the gate-source insulation resistor 43. This effectively ensures that the voltage difference between the gate and source of the field-effect transistor 41 in the on-state is stabilized at the on-state voltage of the field-effect transistor 41, thereby protecting the field-effect transistor 41 from damage.

[0101] Furthermore, the power control module 4 also includes a filter capacitor 44, a transient bidirectional diode 45, a body decoupling capacitor 46, and a twelfth protection resistor 47. This application uses the filter capacitor 44 and the transient bidirectional diode 45 to filter the power output from the power supply system so that the filtered power is output. The filtered power is the power supply 5. The body decoupling capacitor 46 and the twelfth protection resistor 47 are used to protect the circuit.

[0102] The following combination Figures 1-4 This application introduces a specific embodiment of an overvoltage and undervoltage protection device.

[0103] The overvoltage and undervoltage protection device includes a detection module 1, a level conversion module 2, an overvoltage and undervoltage protection module 3, and a power control module 4. The detection module 1 includes an overvoltage detection submodule 11 and an undervoltage detection submodule 12. The level conversion module 2 includes an overvoltage level conversion submodule 21 and an undervoltage level conversion submodule 22. The overvoltage detection submodule 11 includes a first voltage regulation circuit 111, a first Zener diode 112, a first transistor 113, and a second transistor 114. The first voltage regulation circuit 111 includes a first resistor 1111, a second resistor 1112, a third resistor 1113, and a first adjustable resistor 1114. The overvoltage level conversion submodule 21 includes a first voltage regulation circuit 111, a first Zener diode 112, a first transistor 113, and a second transistor 114. The system includes an optocoupler 211, an inverter 212, and a first light-emitting diode 213. The undervoltage detection submodule 12 includes a second voltage regulation circuit 121, a second Zener diode 122, a third transistor 123, and a fourth transistor 124. The second voltage regulation circuit 121 includes a fourth resistor 1211, a fifth resistor 1212, a sixth resistor 1213, and a second adjustable resistor 1214. The undervoltage level conversion submodule 22 includes a second optocoupler 221 and a second light-emitting diode 222. The overvoltage and undervoltage protection module 3 includes a fifth transistor 31 and a seventh resistor 32. The power control module 4 includes a field-effect transistor 41, a bidirectional diode 42, and a gate-source insulation resistor 43.

[0104] The circuit structure of the above-mentioned device is as follows: the negative terminal of the first Zener diode 112 is connected to the power supply 5, the positive terminal of the first Zener diode 112 is connected to the first resistor 1111, the first resistor 1111, the second resistor 1112, the first adjustable resistor 1114, the third resistor 1113 and the power supply 5 are connected in sequence, the positive terminal of the first Zener diode 112, the second resistor 1112, the base of the first transistor 113, the collector of the first transistor 113 and the base of the second transistor 114 are connected in sequence, the collector of the second transistor 114 is connected to the input terminal of the first optocoupler 211, the output terminal of the first optocoupler 211 is connected to the signal input terminal of the inverter 212; the signal output terminal of the inverter 212 is connected to the positive terminal of the first light-emitting diode 213 and the base of the fifth transistor 31 respectively.

[0105] The cathode of the second Zener diode 122 is connected to the power supply 5, and the anode of the second Zener diode 122 is connected to the fourth resistor 1211. The fourth resistor 1211, the fifth resistor 1212, the second adjustable resistor 1214, the sixth resistor 1213, and the power supply 5 are connected in sequence. The anode of the second Zener diode 122, the fifth resistor 1212, the base of the third transistor 123, the collector of the third transistor 123, and the base of the fourth transistor 124 are connected in sequence. The collector of the fourth transistor 124 is connected to the input terminal of the second optocoupler 221, and the output terminal of the second optocoupler 221 is connected to the anode of the second light-emitting diode 222 and the base of the fifth transistor 31, respectively. The emitter of the fifth transistor 31 is used to connect to an external chip. The charge pump voltage output by the external chip is greater than the rated voltage of the power supply 5. The external chip, the seventh resistor 32, the base of the fifth transistor 31, the collector of the fifth transistor 31, and the gate of the field-effect transistor 41 are connected in sequence. The drain of the field-effect transistor 41 is connected to the power supply 5, and the source of the field-effect transistor 41 is connected to the load 6. The source of the field-effect transistor 41 is connected to the gate of the field-effect transistor 41 through a bidirectional diode 42, and the source of the field-effect transistor 41 is connected to the gate of the field-effect transistor 41 through a gate-source insulation resistor 43. The bidirectional diode 42 and the gate-source insulation resistor 43 are connected in parallel.

[0106] Based on the above circuit structure, the overvoltage detection submodule 11 detects whether the output voltage of the power supply 5 is in an overvoltage state. When the power supply 5 is in an overvoltage state, the first Zener diode 112 in the overvoltage detection submodule 11 is reverse-biased and breaks down. At this time, the first Zener diode 112 breaks down and generates leakage current. This leakage current flows through the first resistor 1111, generating a voltage value. Since this voltage value is greater than the forward voltage of the first transistor 113, the first transistor 113 is in a conducting state. Simultaneously, because the first transistor 113's... The emitter is grounded and the collector of the first transistor 113 is connected to the base of the second transistor 114. Therefore, when the first transistor 113 is on, the voltage at the base of the second transistor 114 is pulled low, and the second transistor 114 is off. The output of the overvoltage detection submodule 11 outputs a high-level signal. When the first optocoupler 211 in the overvoltage level conversion submodule 21 receives the high-level signal, the first optocoupler 211 is on, so that the first optocoupler 211 converts the high-level signal into a high-level signal. When a low-level signal is received, since the output of the first optocoupler 211 is connected to the signal input of the inverter 212, the low-level signal output by the first optocoupler 211 is then converted into a high-level signal by the inverter 212. Simultaneously, the first light-emitting diode 213 is in an emitting state. When the overvoltage and undervoltage protection module 3 receives a high-level signal from the overvoltage detection submodule 11, because the fifth transistor 31 is a PNP transistor and its emitter is connected to an external chip, the external chip can provide power to the emitter of the fifth transistor 31. The collector provides a charge pump voltage greater than the rated voltage of the power supply 5 to keep the fifth transistor 31 in the off state. At the same time, since the collector of the fifth transistor 31 is connected to the gate of the field-effect transistor 41, and the field-effect transistor 41 is an N-channel field-effect transistor, the gate voltage of the field-effect transistor 41 is equal to the source voltage of the field-effect transistor 41, both of which are equal to zero, so that the field-effect transistor 41 is in the off state. At this time, the power supply 5 cannot supply power to the load 6 through the field-effect transistor 41, so as to protect the load 6.

[0107] Alternatively, the undervoltage detection submodule 12 can detect whether the output voltage of the power supply 5 is in an undervoltage state. If the power supply 5 is in an undervoltage state, the second Zener diode 122 in the undervoltage detection submodule 12 will be reverse-biased. At this time, the second Zener diode 122 will break down and generate leakage current. This leakage current flows through the fourth resistor 1211, generating a voltage value. Since this voltage value is greater than the forward voltage of the third transistor 123, the third transistor 123 will be in a conducting state. Simultaneously, because the emitter of the third transistor 123 is grounded and its collector is connected to the base of the fourth transistor 124, when the third transistor 123 is conducting, the voltage at the base of the fourth transistor 124 will be pulled low, and the fourth transistor 124 will be in a de-energized state. The output voltage of the undervoltage detection submodule 12 will then be reduced. The output terminal outputs a high-level signal. When the overvoltage and undervoltage protection module 3 receives the high-level signal sent by the overvoltage detection submodule 11, since the fifth transistor 31 is a PNP transistor and its emitter is connected to an external chip, the external chip can provide a charge pump voltage to the emitter of the fifth transistor 31 that is greater than the rated voltage of the power supply 5, so that the fifth transistor 31 is in the off state. At the same time, since the collector of the fifth transistor 31 is connected to the gate of the field-effect transistor 41 and the field-effect transistor 41 is an N-channel field-effect transistor, the gate voltage of the field-effect transistor 41 is equal to the source voltage of the field-effect transistor 41, both of which are equal to zero, so that the field-effect transistor 41 is in the off state. At this time, the power supply 5 cannot supply power to the load 6 through the field-effect transistor 41, so as to protect the load 6.

[0108] As can be seen from the above technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the following technical effects are achieved:

[0109] This application embodiment achieves real-time detection of overvoltage or undervoltage in the power supply by setting up a detection module, a level conversion module, and an overvoltage / undervoltage protection module. Specifically, the input terminal of the detection module is connected to the power supply and is used to detect the output voltage value of the power supply; the output terminal of the detection module is connected to the input terminal of the level conversion module, and the output terminal of the level conversion module is connected to the signal input terminal of the overvoltage / undervoltage protection module; the level conversion module generates a first electrical signal in response to the abnormal signal indicating that the power supply is in an overvoltage or undervoltage state sent by the detection module, and sends the first electrical signal to the overvoltage / undervoltage protection module, so that the overvoltage / undervoltage protection module outputs a first control signal corresponding to the first electrical signal, thereby controlling the switching devices in the circuit to be in an open state. Using the technical solution provided by this application, accurate detection of overvoltage or undervoltage in the power supply can be achieved, and the response speed is fast, which can interrupt the switching elements of the circuit in time, thereby avoiding damage to the load caused by the power supply in an overvoltage or undervoltage state.

[0110] This application also provides a vehicle that includes the overvoltage and undervoltage protection device described above. Therefore, the vehicle in this application should have the technical effect of the overvoltage and undervoltage protection device described above, which will not be repeated here.

[0111] While the present invention has been described through preferred embodiments, it is not limited to the embodiments described herein, and various changes and variations are included without departing from the scope of the invention.

[0112] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

[0113] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An overvoltage and undervoltage protection device, characterized in that, include: The system includes a detection module (1), a level conversion module (2), and an overvoltage and undervoltage protection module (3). The input terminal of the detection module (1) is used to connect to the power supply (5), and the detection module (1) is used to detect the output voltage value of the power supply (5); The output terminal of the detection module (1) is connected to the input terminal of the level conversion module (2), and the output terminal of the level conversion module (2) is connected to the signal input terminal of the overvoltage and undervoltage protection module (3). The level conversion module (2) is used to generate a first electrical signal in response to the abnormal signal sent by the detection module (1) that indicates that the power supply (5) is in an overvoltage or undervoltage state, and send the first electrical signal to the overvoltage and undervoltage protection module (3) so that the overvoltage and undervoltage protection module (3) outputs a first control signal corresponding to the first electrical signal; The detection module (1) includes an overvoltage detection submodule (11), the level conversion module (2) includes an overvoltage level conversion submodule (21), the abnormal signal includes a first abnormal sub-signal, the first abnormal sub-signal indicates that the power supply (5) is in an overvoltage state; the input terminal of the overvoltage detection submodule (11) is connected to the power supply (5), and the output terminal of the overvoltage detection submodule (11) is connected to the input terminal of the overvoltage level conversion submodule (21); The overvoltage detection submodule (11) is used to output the first abnormal sub-signal when the output voltage value of the power supply (5) is detected to be greater than the first preset voltage threshold. The overvoltage detection submodule (11) includes a first voltage regulation circuit (111), a first Zener diode (112), a first transistor (113), and a second transistor (114); the first voltage regulation circuit (111) includes a first resistor (1111), a second resistor (1112), a third resistor (1113), and a first adjustable resistor (1114), wherein the first resistor (1111), the second resistor (1112), the first adjustable resistor (1114), the third resistor (1113), and the power supply ( 5) Connect in sequence; the negative terminal of the first Zener diode (112) is connected to the power supply (5), and the positive terminal of the first Zener diode (112) is connected to the first resistor (1111); the positive terminal of the first Zener diode (112), the second resistor (1112), the base of the first transistor (113), the collector of the first transistor (113), and the base of the second transistor (114) are connected in sequence; the collector of the second transistor (114) is connected to the overvoltage level conversion submodule (21).

2. The overvoltage and undervoltage protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The level conversion module (2) is also used to generate a second electrical signal in response to the standard signal sent by the detection module (1) that indicates that the power supply (5) is in a normal voltage state, and send the second electrical signal to the overvoltage and undervoltage protection module (3) so that the overvoltage and undervoltage protection module (3) outputs a second control signal corresponding to the second electrical signal.

3. The overvoltage and undervoltage protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The overvoltage level conversion submodule (21) includes a first optocoupler (211), an inverter (212), and a first light-emitting diode (213); The input terminal of the first optocoupler (211) is connected to the overvoltage detection submodule (11), and the output terminal of the first optocoupler (211) is connected to the signal input terminal of the inverter (212). The signal output terminal of the inverter (212) is connected to the positive terminal of the first light-emitting diode (213) and the overvoltage and undervoltage protection module (3), respectively.

4. The overvoltage and undervoltage protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The detection module (1) includes an undervoltage detection submodule (12), the level conversion module (2) includes an undervoltage level conversion submodule (22), and the abnormal signal includes a second abnormal sub-signal, which indicates that the power supply (5) is in an undervoltage state. The input terminal of the undervoltage detection submodule (12) is connected to the power supply (5), and the output terminal of the undervoltage detection submodule (12) is connected to the input terminal of the undervoltage level conversion submodule (22). The undervoltage detection submodule (12) is used to output the second abnormal sub-signal when the output voltage value of the power supply (5) is detected to be less than the second preset voltage threshold.

5. The overvoltage and undervoltage protection device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The undervoltage detection submodule (12) includes a second voltage regulation circuit (121), a second Zener diode (122), a third transistor (123), and a fourth transistor (124); The second voltage regulation circuit (121) includes a fourth resistor (1211), a fifth resistor (1212), a sixth resistor (1213), and a second adjustable resistor (1214), wherein the fourth resistor (1211), the fifth resistor (1212), the second adjustable resistor (1214), the sixth resistor (1213), and the power supply (5) are connected in sequence; The negative terminal of the second Zener diode (122) is connected to the power supply (5), and the positive terminal of the second Zener diode (122) is connected to the fourth resistor (1211). The positive terminal of the second Zener diode (122), the fifth resistor (1212), the base of the third transistor (123), the collector of the third transistor (123), and the base of the fourth transistor (124) are connected in sequence; The collector of the fourth transistor (124) is connected to the undervoltage level conversion submodule (22).

6. The overvoltage and undervoltage protection device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The undervoltage level conversion submodule (22) includes a second optocoupler (221) and a second light-emitting diode (222); The input terminal of the second optocoupler (221) is connected to the undervoltage detection submodule (12), and the output terminal of the second optocoupler (221) is connected to the positive terminal of the second light-emitting diode (222) and the overvoltage and undervoltage protection module (3), respectively.

7. The overvoltage and undervoltage protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The overvoltage and undervoltage protection module (3) includes a fifth transistor (31) and a seventh resistor (32); The base of the fifth transistor (31) is connected to the level conversion module (2), and the emitter of the fifth transistor (31) is used to connect to an external chip. The charge pump voltage output by the external chip is greater than the rated voltage of the power supply (5). The external chip, the seventh resistor (32), the base of the fifth transistor (31), and the collector of the fifth transistor (31) are connected in sequence.

8. The overvoltage and undervoltage protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a power control module (4); The signal input terminal of the power control module (4) is connected to the signal output terminal of the overvoltage and undervoltage protection module (3), the power input terminal of the power control module (4) is connected to the power supply (5), and the signal output terminal of the power control module (4) is connected to the load (6). The power control module (4) is used to interrupt the power supply (5) to supply power to the load (6) when it receives the first control signal sent by the overvoltage and undervoltage protection module (3).

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