A hanging plate suspension system and method for deep shaft full-section tunnel boring machine construction

Abstract

The present invention provides a platform suspension system for the construction of a full-face tunnel boring machine in a deep vertical shaft, comprising a derrick, a main suspension unit, an auxiliary suspension unit, a platform unit, and a control unit. The main suspension unit comprises a suspension stabilizing vehicle, a wire rope, a suspension sheave cooperating with the wire rope, a hydraulic adjustment device, and a wire rope self-balancing device; the wire rope is connected to the platform unit via the suspension sheave and the hydraulic adjustment device; and the wire rope self-balancing device balances the wire rope tension. The auxiliary suspension unit comprises a flexible tankway stabilizing vehicle, a flexible tankway rope, a flexible tankway sheave cooperating with the tankway rope, and a hydraulic tensioning device; the flexible tankway rope is connected to the flexible tankway sheave and the hydraulic tensioning device and is connected to the platform unit. The platform unit comprises a suspension platform, a hydraulic support shoe, and a rolling guide device. The present invention also provides a construction method using the above-mentioned system. The present invention can overcome problems such as large wire rope tension differences, difficult platform posture control, and large wire rope swing in deep vertical shaft construction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of underground engineering construction, and in particular to a hanging plate suspension system and method for construction of a deep shaft full-section tunnel boring machine. Background Art

[0002] During the construction of a deep shaft full-section tunnel boring machine, the hoisting platform suspension system is one of the key links that restricts the speed and safety of the shaft construction. As a hoisting platform suspension system for deep shaft full-section tunnel boring machines, its characteristics are: (1) large load, with a normal load of several hundred tons and a maximum load of thousands of tons; (2) large depth, with the suspension depth even reaching more than 1,000 meters; (3) large hoisting platform, multiple layers, and a height of more than 50 meters. However, the existing hoisting platform suspension system usually has the following problems when used, making it difficult to meet the suspension requirements of full-section tunnel boring machine construction.

[0003] 1. Large difference in suspension wire rope tension

[0004] Due to subtle differences in the performance of each stabilizer's drum, wire rope, and motor, achieving absolute synchronization of system operation is difficult. Consequently, the corresponding wire rope travel distances vary, and the forces applied to them are also different. Furthermore, the uneven distribution of the hoisting platform load causes unbalanced forces on the wire rope. The elastic elongation of the wire rope itself can compensate for this, so the conflict is not prominent in shallow wellbores. As the wellbore depth increases, the accumulation of system errors will further amplify the unbalanced forces on the wire ropes, especially in heavy-load suspension systems, posing a risk of rope breakage.

[0005] 2. Difficulty in controlling the posture of the hoisting platform

[0006] When the depth of the wellbore reaches more than one kilometer, the cumulative error in the operation of the suspension system causes the hoisting platform to easily deflect; the height of the hoisting platform is 4 to 5 times that of an ordinary hoisting platform, and a slight deflection may cause the hoisting platform to deflect significantly, thereby scraping the wellbore wall; the posture of the hoisting platform needs to be precisely controlled to ensure that the hoisting platform does not deflect significantly or even get stuck, and to ensure that the slag discharge lifting container can safely enter and exit the hoisting platform.

[0007] 3. The wire rope swings greatly in the wellbore

[0008] During the up and down movement of deep well and heavy load suspension hoisting platforms, it is necessary to avoid or eliminate the lateral swing of the wire rope in the wellbore.

[0009] Therefore, there is an urgent need to design a new type of hanging plate suspension system and method suitable for the construction of deep shaft full-section tunnel boring machines. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a suspension system and method for a hoisting platform for the construction of a deep vertical shaft full-section tunnel boring machine, so as to avoid the problems of large tension difference of the suspension wire rope, difficult control of the hoisting platform posture, and large lateral swing of the wire rope brought about by the use of the existing suspension system.

[0011] The present invention adopts the following technical solutions to solve the above technical problems:

[0012] A suspension system for a hoisting plate used in the construction of a deep shaft full-face tunnel boring machine, comprising a derrick, a main suspension unit, an auxiliary suspension unit, a hoisting plate unit and a control unit;

[0013] The derrick is arranged at the shaft opening;

[0014] The main suspension unit includes a suspension stabilizing car, a wire rope, a suspension sheave, a hydraulic adjustment device, and a wire rope self-balancing device; the suspension stabilizing car is arranged on both sides of the shaft wellhead for retracting and releasing the wire rope; the wire rope is connected to the hanging plate unit through the suspension sheave and the hydraulic adjustment device in sequence; the wire rope self-balancing device is installed on the hanging plate unit or the wellhead beam and cooperates with the wire rope to balance the tension between the wire ropes;

[0015] The auxiliary suspension unit includes a flexible tankway stabilizing vehicle, a flexible tankway rope, a flexible tankway sheave, and a hydraulic tensioning device; the flexible tankway stabilizing vehicle is arranged on both sides of the shaft opening and is used to retract and extend the flexible tankway rope; the flexible tankway rope passes over the flexible tankway sheave, connects to the hydraulic tensioning device, and is connected to the hoisting plate unit;

[0016] The hoisting plate unit includes a hoisting plate, a hydraulic gripper shoe, and a rolling guide device; the hoisting plate is suspended in the wellbore, and the hydraulic gripper shoe and the rolling guide device are provided on the hoisting plate; wherein the hydraulic gripper shoe is used to support and stabilize the hoisting plate, and the rolling guide device is used for lifting and guiding;

[0017] The control unit is used for controlling the suspension process.

[0018] As one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, the derrick is a well drilling derrick or a permanent derrick, and the derrick is equipped with the suspension sheave, the flexible tankway sheave and the hydraulic tensioning device.

[0019] As one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, in the main suspension unit:

[0020] The suspended vehicle stabilizer adopts a heavy-duty vehicle stabilizer.

[0021] The steel wire ropes are provided in plurality and are used to connect the stabilizing vehicle and the hoisting plate;

[0022] The suspension sheave is installed on the first sheave platform on the top of the derrick and is used to adjust the running direction of each wire rope;

[0023] The wire rope self-balancing device is a multi-point wire rope tension self-balancing device, which cooperates with the tail end of each wire rope to eliminate the unbalanced tension between the wire ropes;

[0024] The hydraulic adjustment device is installed on the beam of the derrick, and the wire rope passes through the middle thereof, so as to accurately adjust the length of the wire rope.

[0025] As one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, the main suspension unit and the suspension plate can be suspended by a "direct suspension" or "return rope suspension" method;

[0026] When the "direct suspension" method is adopted: the steel wire rope self-balancing device is installed on the top of the hanging plate; the steel wire rope passes downward through the suspension sheave and the hydraulic adjustment device, and is connected to the steel wire rope self-balancing device on the top of the hanging plate to realize direct suspension of the hanging plate;

[0027] When the "return rope suspension" method is adopted: the steel wire rope self-balancing device is installed on the wellhead beam, and a suspension movable pulley device is installed on the top of the hanging plate; after the steel wire rope passes downward through the suspension sheave, the hydraulic adjustment device and the suspension movable pulley device, the return rope extends upward to be connected to the steel wire rope self-balancing device at the wellhead beam, thereby realizing the return rope suspension of the hanging plate.

[0028] As one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, the suspended movable pulley device includes a pulley mounting layer fixed to the top of the hanging plate and a movable pulley group installed inside the pulley mounting layer; wherein, a rope hole is opened on the top of the pulley mounting layer, and the lowered wire rope enters the pulley mounting layer through the rope hole and is connected with the movable pulley group; at the same time, positive pressure ventilation is adopted inside the pulley mounting layer.

[0029] As one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, each rope hole of the pulley mounting layer is further padded with a bushing.

[0030] As one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, in the auxiliary suspension unit:

[0031] The flexible tankway sheave is installed on the second sheave platform in the middle of the derrick and is used to adjust the direction of the flexible tankway rope;

[0032] The flexible tankway rope is provided with a plurality of ropes; the lower portion of the flexible tankway rope is connected to the bottom of the hanging tray, and the upper portion is connected to the flexible tankway stabilizer;

[0033] The hydraulic tensioning device is installed on the beam of the derrick and is used to provide tensioning force to the flexible tankway rope passing through.

[0034] As one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, in the hanging tray unit:

[0035] The hanging tray is a multi-layer hanging tray;

[0036] The hydraulic support shoes are installed on the outer edge of the hanging plate and arranged in two layers on the hanging plate to stabilize the hanging plate;

[0037] The rolling guide device is installed on the outer edge of the hanging plate and is arranged in 3 to 5 layers on the hanging plate for guiding the hanging plate.

[0038] As one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, the control unit includes a ground control center, a cable, an axis encoder, a hanging plate inclination sensor, a wire rope tension detection module, a wire rope tension signal receiving module and a hanging plate centering sensor; the ground control center is arranged on the ground outside the shaft, and is connected to the main suspension unit, the auxiliary suspension unit and the hanging plate unit through cable control; the axis encoder is installed on the suspension stabilizing car and the suspension sheave, and is used to obtain speed and distance information and feed it back to the ground control center; the hanging plate inclination sensor is arranged in the four directions of the hanging plate, and is used to monitor the hanging plate inclination and feed it back to the ground control center; the wire rope tension detection module is installed on the connecting shaft of the wire rope, and is used to collect the hanging plate gravity signal and feed it back to the ground control center through the wire rope tension signal receiving module; the hanging plate centering sensor is installed at the center of the hanging plate, and is used to detect the deviation between the center of the hanging plate and the center of the wellbore, and feed the numerical value back to the ground control center.

[0039] A construction method using the above-mentioned platform suspension system for deep shaft full-face tunnel boring machine construction: when the full-face tunnel boring machine steps downward to a predetermined height, the platform suspension system is activated to drive the platform downward. The specific process is as follows:

[0040] (1) The hydraulic support shoe of the hoisting platform is retracted into place and separated from the well wall;

[0041] (2) The suspension stabilizing car is started, and the hanging platform is driven downward by the suspension stabilizing car and the wire rope; at the same time, the flexible tankway stabilizing car also synchronously follows the downward movement of the flexible tankway rope;

[0042] During the operation of the hoisting platform, the ground control center of the control unit controls the synchronous operation of the suspended stabilizing car. The position of the wire rope on the drum is determined by comparing the detection data of the shaft encoder on the suspended stabilizing car and the suspended sheave. Then, different adjustment frequencies are given according to the difference in the wire rope layer of each suspended stabilizing car to ensure that the stabilizing car outputs a consistent linear speed and ensure the stability and levelness control during the operation of the hoisting platform.

[0043] In addition, the rolling guide device of the hoisting platform unit is always pressed against the well wall to ensure the smooth operation of the hoisting platform; the tension difference between the wire ropes is eliminated by the wire rope tension self-balancing device to keep the force on the wire ropes consistent;

[0044] (3) After the hoisting platform moves down to its proper position, the suspended stabilizing vehicle and the flexible tankway are stopped by the stabilizing vehicle;

[0045] (4) The tilt sensor on the hoisting platform detects the horizontality of the hoisting platform and transmits it to the ground control center. The ground control center activates the hydraulic adjustment device based on the data to further accurately adjust the horizontality of the hoisting platform;

[0046] (5) The hoisting platform centering sensor on the hoisting platform detects the deviation between the center of the hoisting platform and the center of the wellbore in real time, and provides the value to the ground centralized control center, which controls the thrust and stroke of the hydraulic support shoe to perform the centering work; then, the hydraulic support shoe tightens the wellbore wall while ensuring that the positive pressure with the wellbore wall is less than 1MPa; the hydraulic tensioning device of the auxiliary suspension unit is activated, tensioning the rope tank to the set value, and preparing for the lifting system to work;

[0047] (6) The hoisting system of the hoisting platform is completed and the full-face tunnel boring machine starts the next cycle of work;

[0048] During the above-mentioned action, the wire rope tension detection module and the wire rope tension signal receiving module detect the load of the suspension system in real time and upload it to the ground control center, providing data support for the safe operation of the hoisting platform suspension system.

[0049] The advantages of the present invention over the prior art are:

[0050] 1. The present invention adopts a heavy-duty stabilizing vehicle and solves the problem of suspending extremely large loads during the construction of full-section tunnel boring machines through "direct suspension" or "return rope suspension" methods. At the same time, in an emergency, the flexible tank rope of the auxiliary suspension unit can also be used as a suspension rope to suspend the hanging plate (its elastic modulus is close to that of the suspension rope, ensuring that the elastic elongation during suspension is basically consistent with that of the suspension rope), and the load is directly transferred to the derrick through the hydraulic tensioning device, further improving the static suspension capacity of the hanging plate suspension system.

[0051] 2. Multi-layer hoisting platform posture control:

[0052] 1) Multi-point high-precision synchronous operation; the ground control center of the control unit controls the synchronous operation of the suspended stabilizing car, and compares the detection data of the shaft encoder on the suspended stabilizing car and the suspended sheave to determine the layer position of the wire rope on the drum, and then gives different adjustment frequencies according to the difference in the layer position of the wire rope of each suspended stabilizing car, to ensure that the stabilizing car outputs a consistent linear speed, and to ensure the stability and horizontality control during the operation of the hanging platform.

[0053] 2) After the platform stops, the platform inclination sensor on the platform detects the level of the platform and transmits it to the ground control center. The ground control center starts the hydraulic adjustment device according to the data to further accurately adjust the level of the platform.

[0054] 3) The centering sensor on the hoisting platform detects the deviation between the center of the hoisting platform and the center of the wellbore in real time, and provides the value to the ground centralized control center. The ground centralized control center controls the hydraulic support shoe to adjust the plane position of the hoisting platform to complete the hoisting platform centering adjustment work.

[0055] 4. Control of tension differences between wire ropes. First, the multi-point wire rope self-balancing device can eliminate pressure differences between the oil cylinders of each suspension rope through its connecting oil pipes, maintaining a basically uniform force on the wire ropes. Second, the wire rope tension detection module and receiving module can accurately detect the suspension system load in real time and upload it to the ground control center. If the multi-point wire rope self-balancing device fails and detects a suspension rope tension difference exceeding 5%, the ground control center will activate one or more hydraulic adjustment devices to adjust the wire ropes to basically eliminate the tension difference, thereby avoiding the safety risks brought about by large suspension rope tension differences.

[0056] 5. During the operation of the hanging platform, the rolling guide device is always pressed against the well wall to ensure that the hanging platform runs smoothly, the suspension system does not swing, and the hanging platform does not deflect significantly.

[0057] 6. When the "return rope suspension" method is adopted, the wire rope passes downward through the suspension sheave, hydraulic adjustment device and suspension movable pulley device, and then the return rope extends upward to be connected to the wire rope self-balancing device at the wellhead beam; wherein, the suspension movable pulley is installed on the top of the hanging plate through the pulley mounting layer, and the interior of the pulley mounting layer adopts positive pressure ventilation to ensure that fine rock debris particles do not enter the rope groove of the movable pulley and damage the wire rope.

[0058] In summary, the present invention is equipped with a main suspension unit, an auxiliary suspension unit, a hanging plate unit and a control unit, etc., to ensure that the hanging plate suspension system can operate safely, efficiently and fully automatically, overcoming the problems that are easy to occur during the construction of a deep shaft full-section tunnel boring machine, such as large tension difference of the suspension wire rope, difficulty in controlling the posture of the hanging plate, and large lateral swing of the wire rope. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0059] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the hanging plate suspension system for the construction of a deep shaft full-section tunnel boring machine in Example 1;

[0060] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A partially enlarged structural diagram of the multi-point wire rope tension self-balancing device;

[0061] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A partial enlarged structural diagram of the hydraulic gripper shoe;

[0062] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 A partially enlarged structural diagram of the middle rolling guide device;

[0063] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the hoisting system for the construction of a deep shaft full-section tunnel boring machine in Example 2;

[0064] Figure 6 yes Figure 2A partially enlarged structural diagram of the central suspension movable pulley device.

[0065] In the figure: 1 is the derrick, 11 is the first sheave platform, 12 is the second sheave platform, 2 is the main suspension unit, 21 is the heavy-duty stabilizer, 22 is the wire rope, 23 is the suspension sheave, 24 is the hydraulic adjustment device, 25 is the multi-point wire rope tension self-balancing device, 251 is the wedge-shaped rope ring, 252 is the hydraulic system, 253 is the load-bearing structure, 26 is the suspension movable pulley device, 261 is the pulley mounting layer, 2611 is the rope hole, 2612 is the plastic bushing, 262 is the movable pulley block, 3 is the auxiliary suspension unit, 31 is the stabilizer for the flexible tankway, 32 is the flexible tankway rope, 33 is the flexible tankway Use a crown pulley, 34 is a hydraulic tensioning device, 4 is a hoisting plate unit, 41 is a hoisting plate, 42 is a hydraulic support shoe, 421 is a support shoe cylinder, 422 is a front top plate, 423 is a support shoe base, 43 is a rolling guide device, 431 is a mounting base, 432 is a connecting rod, 433 is a buffer, 434 is a roller, 5 is a control unit, 51 is a ground control center, 52 is a cable, 53 is a shaft encoder, 54 is a hoisting plate inclination sensor, 55 is a wire rope tension detection module, 56 is a wire rope tension signal receiving module, 57 is a hoisting plate centering sensor, 6 is a full-section tunneling machine, and 7 is a wellhead beam. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0066] The following is a detailed description of an embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is implemented based on the technical solution of the present invention, and provides a detailed implementation method and specific operation process. However, the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiment.

[0067] Unless otherwise specified, the devices, equipment, and components involved in the following embodiments are all conventional devices, equipment, and components that can be purchased through regular channels in this field; the technologies and methods involved are all commonly used and mature technologies / methods in this field unless otherwise specified.

[0068] Example 1

[0069] See Figures 1 to 4 The present embodiment provides a suspension system for a hanging plate used for the construction of a deep vertical shaft full-face tunnel boring machine, including a derrick 1, a main suspension unit 2, an auxiliary suspension unit 3, a hanging plate unit 4 and a control unit 5.

[0070] 1. Derrick 1

[0071] The derrick 1 is a steel structure for installing a sheave and other equipment. The derrick 1 of the present embodiment is a well drilling derrick, which is arranged at the shaft opening.

[0072] 2. Main suspension unit 2

[0073] The main suspension unit 2 includes a suspension stabilizer, a steel wire rope 22 , a suspension sheave 23 , a hydraulic adjustment device 24 , and a steel wire rope self-balancing device, and is used to suspend the suspension plate 41 of the suspension plate unit 4 .

[0074] The suspended stabilizer adopts a heavy stabilizer 21, which is arranged on both sides of the shaft opening and is used to retract and release the wire rope 22.

[0075] The suspension sheave 23 is installed on the first sheave platform 11 on the top of the derrick 1 and is used to adjust the running direction of each wire rope 22.

[0076] There are multiple wire ropes 22, which are connected to the hoisting plate unit 4 in sequence through the suspension sheave 23 and the hydraulic adjustment device 24; they are mainly used to connect the heavy-duty stabilizer 21 and the hoisting plate 41, and can transmit the power of the heavy-duty stabilizer 21. Specifically, the wire rope 22 uses a large-diameter and high-strength suspension wire rope to reduce the deadweight of the wire rope 22, which is an ineffective load, and improve the suspension capacity. In general, the diameter of the wire rope 22 exceeds Tensile strength 2060MPa and above.

[0077] The hydraulic adjustment device 24 is mounted on the derrick 1 beam, through which the wire rope 22 passes. This allows precise adjustment of the suspension rope length, and thus the levelness of the hoisting platform 41. The hydraulic adjustment device 22 can be a commercially available hydraulic wire rope tensioning device, primarily consisting of a rope clamp, a guide frame, a cylinder, and a base.

[0078] The wire rope self-balancing device is specifically a multi-point wire rope tension self-balancing device 25, installed on the hoisting plate unit 4 or the wellhead beam, and engaged with the tail end of each wire rope 22. The multi-point wire rope tension self-balancing device 25 utilizes an existing product and primarily consists of three components: a wedge-shaped rope ring 251, a hydraulic system 252, and a load-bearing structure 253. The hydraulic systems 252 at each point are interconnected via hydraulic oil pipes, forming an integrated self-balancing system. By employing a closed-loop, passive hydraulic connection, the connecting oil pipes between each point are eliminated, restoring balance and maintaining essentially uniform force on the wire ropes 22, eliminating the risks associated with uneven force.

[0079] Among them, it should be noted that, in this embodiment, the "direct suspension" method is adopted between the main suspension unit 2 and the hanging plate 41: the multi-point wire rope tension self-balancing device 25 is installed on the top of the hanging plate 41; the wire rope 22 passes downward through the suspension sheave 23 and the hydraulic adjustment device 24, and is connected to the multi-point wire rope tension self-balancing device 25 on the top of the hanging plate 41, so as to realize direct suspension of the hanging plate 41.

[0080] 3. Auxiliary suspension unit 3

[0081] The auxiliary suspension unit 3 includes a flexible tankway stabilizing vehicle 31 , a flexible tankway rope 32 , a flexible tankway sheave 33 , and a hydraulic tensioning device 34 .

[0082] The flexible tankway stabilizing cloth 31 is placed on the floor on both sides of the shaft mouth, and is used to retract and extend the flexible tankway rope 32.

[0083] The flexible tankway sheave 33 is installed on the second sheave platform 12 in the middle of the derrick 1 and is used to adjust the direction of the flexible tankway rope 32.

[0084] There are multiple flexible tankway ropes 32 to provide guidance for the hanging plate 41. The lower part is connected to the bottom beam of the hanging plate 41, and the upper part is connected to the flexible tankway stabilizing cloth 31 after being redirected by the flexible tankway sheave 33. Each hanging plate 41 is equipped with 2 or 4 flexible tankway ropes 32 for guidance. It should be noted that, under normal circumstances, the flexible tankway ropes 32 provide guidance for the hanging plate 41; however, in an emergency, the flexible tankway ropes 32 can also be used as suspension ropes to suspend the hanging plate 41, thereby improving the static suspension capacity of the suspension system; the flexible tankway ropes 32 are selected to first consider the auxiliary suspension working condition, and their elastic modulus is close to that of the suspension rope, ensuring that the elastic elongation during suspension is basically consistent with that of the suspension rope.

[0085] A hydraulic tensioning device 34 is mounted on the derrick 1 beam. The flexible manhole rope 22 passes through the flexible manhole sheave 33, connects to the hydraulic tensioning device 34, and then connects to the hoisting platform unit 4. The hydraulic tensioning device 34 can be a commercially available manhole hydraulic tensioning device. Under normal circumstances, the hydraulic tensioning device 34 tensions the flexible manhole via a hydraulic cylinder, providing guidance for the lifting vessel of the slag discharge hoisting system. In emergency situations, it also helps suspend the hoisting platform 41.

[0086] 4. Lifting plate unit 4

[0087] The suspension plate unit 4 includes a suspension plate 41 , hydraulic gripper shoes 42 and a rolling guide device 43 .

[0088] Hoisting platform 41 is a multi-layered platform specifically designed for full-face TBM 6 operations. It is suspended within the shaft and serves as a working platform for excavation and wall construction. It primarily consists of a horizontal frame, decking, columns, and a suspension mechanism. The entire structure utilizes a steel frame, with columns constructed from multiple square steel pipes connected throughout the entire length. The horizontal beams utilize H-shaped steel. The clearance between the frame's outer diameter and the shaft's clear diameter is 150 mm. The spacing between the upper and lower platforms varies depending on the requirements of the process equipment. Multiple layers are provided, with a total height of approximately 30 to 60 meters.

[0089] The hydraulic support shoes 42 are installed on the outer edge of the hanging plate 41 and are arranged in two layers on the hanging plate 41, with 4 groups of hydraulic support shoes 42 evenly arranged on each layer. Among them, the upper hydraulic support shoes 42 are arranged on the top layer of the hanging plate 41 to ensure the stability of the connection between the hanging plate 41 and the wire rope 22; the lower hydraulic support shoes 42 are arranged at the rock slag transfer location to ensure the stability of the hanging plate 41 during rock slag transfer. The hydraulic support shoes 42 are specifically arranged on the beam of the hanging plate 41, which can ensure reliable tightening without damaging the hanging plate 41. Each set of hydraulic support shoes 42 consists of a support shoe cylinder 421, a front top plate 422 and a support shoe base 423. Among them, the support shoe base 423 is engaged with the corresponding position of the hanging plate 41 through bolts and stoppers to realize the connection and fixation of the hydraulic support shoes 42 and the hanging plate 41. The front top plate 422 features a curved contact surface and a ball-jointed connection, ensuring that the hydraulic gripper 42 maintains close contact with the shaft wall when securing the hoisting platform 41. The contact surface design ensures that the pressure applied to the shaft wall is less than or equal to 1 MPa. In this embodiment, the hydraulic gripper 42 not only secures the platform but also provides high-precision adjustment of the hoisting platform 41's position. The gripper cylinder 421 utilizes a high-precision displacement sensor to control stroke, achieving an accuracy of ±0.2 mm, ensuring centering of the hoisting platform 41 and the smooth operation of the hoisting platform 41 and its equipment.

[0090] The rolling guide device 43 is installed on the outer edge of the hanging tray 41 and has guiding and buffering functions. It consists of a mounting base 431, a connecting rod 432, a buffer 433, and a roller 434. The principle is: set the preload force of the buffer 433 (0-30kN) to pre-press the roller 434 against the well wall. When the hanging tray 41 moves up and down, the roller 434 always presses against the well wall to prevent the hanging tray 41 from swinging. Even if there is a slight swing, it can be quickly stopped by the buffer 433. The rolling guide device 43 can prevent and eliminate the swing of the hanging tray 41 during operation. In view of the structural characteristics of the hanging tray 41, it is considered to set 3 to 5 layers of rolling guide devices according to the number of layers of the hanging tray 41, namely the top, bottom and middle. Four groups of rolling guide devices 43 are set on each layer (evenly distributed). The roller 434 is covered with polyurethane polymer material, and its contact pressure with the well wall is guaranteed to be less than 1MPa.

[0091] 5. Control Unit 5

[0092] The control unit 5 includes a ground control center 51, a cable 52, a shaft encoder 53, a hanging plate inclination sensor 54, a wire rope tension detection module 55, a wire rope tension signal receiving module 56 and a hanging plate centering sensor 57, which can control the suspension system to achieve fully automatic operation without human intervention.

[0093] The ground control center 51 is located on the ground outside the shaft and is connected to the main suspension unit 2, auxiliary suspension unit 3, and hoisting plate unit 4 via cables 52. The heavy-duty stabilizer 21 uses variable frequency drive and fully digital speed control, enabling one-touch linkage control and individual control of each stabilizer.

[0094] The shaft encoder 53 is installed on the heavy-duty stabilizer 21 and the suspended sheave 23. It is used to measure and calibrate the running speed and distance and feed the information back to the ground control center 51. Accuracy: 14 bits per turn or above.

[0095] The hanging platform inclination sensors 54 are arranged on the upper and lower layers of the hanging platform 41 and are evenly distributed in the four directions of the hanging platform 41. They are used to monitor the inclination of the hanging platform 41 and feed back to the ground control center 51 to facilitate the system to control the horizontality of the hanging platform 41.

[0096] The wire rope tension detection module 55 adopts a high-performance sensor detection unit and a wireless transmission unit, with a built-in microprocessor. It is installed on the connecting shaft of the wire rope 22, collects the gravity signal of the hanging plate 41 in real time, and converts the gravity signal into a wireless signal for transmission. It can accurately detect the load of the suspension system in real time, accurately reflect the stress condition of the wire rope 22, and improve the safety of the suspension system.

[0097] The wire rope tension signal receiving module 56 is used to receive the signal from the wire rope tension detection module 55 and forward it to the ground control center 51 .

[0098] The hoisting platform centering sensor 57 is installed at the center of the hoisting platform 41 to detect the deviation between the center of the hoisting platform 41 and the center of the wellbore, and feed back the value to the ground control center 51. The ground control center 51 controls the thrust and stroke of the hydraulic support shoe 42 to perform correction work.

[0099] Example 2

[0100] See Figures 5 and 6 The present embodiment is a suspension system for a hanging plate for a deep shaft full-face tunnel boring machine, which is basically the same as that in Example 1, with the main difference being that a "return rope suspension" method is adopted between the main suspension unit 2 and the hanging plate 41.

[0101] When the "return rope suspension" method is adopted: the multi-point wire rope tension self-balancing device 25 is installed on the wellhead beam 7, and the suspension movable pulley device 26 is installed on the top of the hanging plate 41; after the wire rope 22 passes downward through the suspension sheave 23, the hydraulic adjustment device 24 and the suspension movable pulley device 26, the return rope extends upward to be connected to the multi-point wire rope tension self-balancing device 25 at the wellhead beam 7, thereby realizing the return rope suspension of the hanging plate 41.

[0102] Specifically, the suspended movable pulley device 26 includes a pulley mounting layer 261 fixed to the top of the suspension plate 41 and a movable pulley assembly 262 installed within the pulley mounting layer 261. A rope hole 2611 is formed at the top of the pulley mounting layer 261, through which the lowered wire rope 22 enters the pulley mounting layer 261 and engages with the movable pulley assembly 262. The pulley mounting layer 261 also features a closed structure, with a branch pipe connected from the main ventilation duct into this layer to create positive pressure ventilation. Airflow is discharged through the annular gap between the rope hole 2611 and the rope (a gap of 5 to 10 mm, with a plastic bushing 2612 provided to protect the wire rope 22), with a flow rate exceeding 20 m / s. This ensures that rock debris particles in the dust do not enter the rope grooves of the movable pulley and damage the wire rope 22.

[0103] Compared with the "direct suspension method" of embodiment 1, this embodiment adopts the suspension movable pulley device 26 in combination with the return rope suspension, which can double the suspension capacity.

[0104] Example 3

[0105] The present embodiment is a suspension system for a hoisting platform used in the construction of a deep vertical shaft full-face tunnel boring machine, which is basically the same as that of the first embodiment, with the main difference being that the derrick 1 is a permanent derrick.

[0106] Example 4

[0107] The present embodiment is a suspension system for a hoisting platform used in the construction of a deep vertical shaft full-face tunnel boring machine, which is basically the same as that of the second embodiment, with the main difference being that the derrick 1 is a permanent derrick.

[0108] Example 5

[0109] This embodiment provides a method for constructing a deep shaft full-face tunnel boring machine using the hoisting platform suspension system of the above-mentioned embodiments 1 to 4.

[0110] When the full-face roadheader 6 steps downward to a certain height (2 to 6 m), the platform suspension system is activated, driving the platform 41 to move downward. The specific process is as follows:

[0111] (1) The drainage, slag discharge, and compressed air systems on the hanging platform 41 stop running, and the hydraulic support shoe 42 retracts into place and separates from the well wall.

[0112] (2) The heavy-duty stabilizing vehicle 21 is started, and the crane 41 is driven downward by the heavy-duty stabilizing vehicle 21 and the steel wire rope 22; at the same time, the flexible tankway stabilizing vehicle 31 also synchronously follows the downward movement of the flexible tankway rope 32.

[0113] During the operation of the hanging platform 41, the ground control center 51 controls the synchronous operation of the heavy-duty stabilizing vehicle 21, and compares the detection data between the heavy-duty stabilizing vehicle 21 and the shaft encoder 53 on the suspension sheave 23 to determine the layer position of the wire rope 22 on the drum, and then gives different adjustment frequencies according to the layer position difference of the wire rope 22 of each heavy-duty stabilizing vehicle 21 to ensure that the stabilizing vehicle outputs a consistent linear speed and ensure the stability and horizontality control during the operation of the hanging platform 41.

[0114] In addition, the rolling guide device 43 of the hoisting plate unit 4 is always pressed against the well wall to ensure the smooth operation of the hoist 41; the tension difference between the wire ropes 22 is eliminated by the multi-point wire rope tension self-balancing device 25 to keep the wire ropes 22 under uniform force.

[0115] (3) After the hoisting platform 41 moves down to its proper position, the heavy-duty stabilizing vehicle 21 stops, and the flexible tankway stabilizing vehicle 31 also stops.

[0116] (4) The hanging plate inclination sensor 54 on the hanging plate 41 detects the horizontality of the hanging plate 41 and transmits it to the ground control center 51. The ground control center 51 activates one or more hydraulic adjustment devices 24 (accuracy ±2mm) based on the data to further accurately adjust the horizontality of the hanging plate 41.

[0117] (5) The hoisting platform centering sensor 57 on the hoisting platform 41 detects the deviation between the center of the hoisting platform 41 and the center of the wellbore in real time, and provides the value to the ground centralized control center 51, which controls the thrust and stroke of the hydraulic support shoe 42 to perform the centering work; then, the hydraulic support shoe 42 holds the well wall tightly, while ensuring that the positive pressure with the well wall is less than 1MPa; the hydraulic tensioning device 4 of the auxiliary suspension unit 3 is activated, tensioning the rope tank to the set value, and preparing for the lifting system to work.

[0118] (6) The hoisting system of the hoisting platform is completed, and the full-face tunnel boring machine 6 starts the next cycle of work.

[0119] During the above-mentioned operation, the wire rope tension detection module 55 and the wire rope tension signal receiving module 56 detect the load of the suspension system in real time and upload it to the ground control center 51, providing data support for the safe operation of the hanging platform suspension system.

[0120] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hanging plate suspension system for deep shaft full-face tunnel boring machine construction, characterized in that: It includes a derrick, a main suspension unit, an auxiliary suspension unit, a hoisting plate unit and a control unit; The derrick is arranged at the shaft opening; The main suspension unit includes a suspension stabilizing car, a wire rope, a suspension sheave, a hydraulic adjustment device, and a wire rope self-balancing device; the suspension stabilizing car is arranged on both sides of the shaft wellhead for retracting and releasing the wire rope; the wire rope is connected to the hanging plate unit through the suspension sheave and the hydraulic adjustment device in sequence; the wire rope self-balancing device is installed on the hanging plate unit or the wellhead beam and cooperates with the wire rope to balance the tension between the wire ropes; The auxiliary suspension unit includes a flexible tankway stabilizing vehicle, a flexible tankway rope, a flexible tankway sheave, and a hydraulic tensioning device; the flexible tankway stabilizing vehicle is arranged on both sides of the shaft opening and is used to retract and extend the flexible tankway rope; the flexible tankway rope passes over the flexible tankway sheave, connects to the hydraulic tensioning device, and is connected to the bottom of the hoisting plate unit; The hoisting plate unit includes a hoisting plate, a hydraulic gripper shoe, and a rolling guide device; the hoisting plate is suspended in the wellbore, and the hydraulic gripper shoe and the rolling guide device are provided on the hoisting plate; wherein the hydraulic gripper shoe is used to support and stabilize the hoisting plate, and the rolling guide device is used for lifting and guiding; The control unit is used for suspension process control, and includes a ground control center, a cable, an axis encoder, a hanging plate inclination sensor, a wire rope tension detection module, a wire rope tension signal receiving module and a hanging plate centering sensor; the ground control center is arranged on the ground outside the shaft, and is connected to the main suspension unit, the auxiliary suspension unit and the hanging plate unit through cable control; the axis encoder is installed on the suspension stabilizing car and the suspension sheave, and is used to obtain speed and distance information and feed it back to the ground control center; the hanging plate inclination sensor is arranged in the four directions of the hanging plate, and is used to monitor the hanging plate inclination and feed it back to the ground control center; the wire rope tension detection module is installed on the connecting shaft of the wire rope, and is used to collect the hanging plate gravity signal and feed it back to the ground control center through the wire rope tension signal receiving module; the hanging plate centering sensor is installed at the center of the hanging plate, and is used to detect the deviation between the center of the hanging plate and the center of the wellbore, and feed the numerical value back to the ground control center.

2. The hanging plate suspension system for deep shaft full-face tunnel boring machine construction according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The derrick is a well drilling derrick or a permanent derrick, and the derrick is equipped with the suspension sheave, the flexible tankway sheave and the hydraulic tensioning device.

3. The hanging plate suspension system for deep shaft full-face tunnel boring machine construction according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In the main suspension unit: The steel wire ropes are provided in plurality and are used to connect the stabilizing vehicle and the hoisting plate; The suspension sheave is installed on the first sheave platform on the top of the derrick and is used to adjust the running direction of each wire rope; The wire rope self-balancing device is a multi-point wire rope tension self-balancing device, which cooperates with the tail end of each wire rope to eliminate the unbalanced tension between the wire ropes; The hydraulic adjustment device is installed on the beam of the derrick, and the wire rope passes through the middle thereof, and is used to adjust the length of the wire rope.

4. The hanging plate suspension system for deep shaft full-face tunnel boring machine construction according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The main suspension unit and the suspension plate specifically adopt a "direct suspension" or "return rope suspension" method; When the "direct suspension" method is adopted: the steel wire rope self-balancing device is installed on the top of the hanging platform; the steel wire rope passes downward through the suspension sheave and the hydraulic adjustment device, and is connected to the steel wire rope self-balancing device on the top of the hanging platform to realize direct suspension of the hanging platform; When the "return rope suspension" method is adopted: the steel wire rope self-balancing device is installed on the wellhead beam, and a suspension movable pulley device is installed on the top of the hanging plate; after the steel wire rope passes downward through the suspension sheave, the hydraulic adjustment device and the suspension movable pulley device, the return rope extends upward to be connected to the steel wire rope self-balancing device at the wellhead beam, thereby realizing return rope suspension of the hanging plate.

5. The hanging platform suspension system for deep shaft full-face tunnel boring machine construction according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The suspended movable pulley device includes a pulley mounting layer fixed to the top of the hanging plate and a movable pulley group installed inside the pulley mounting layer; wherein, a rope hole is opened on the top of the pulley mounting layer, and the lowered wire rope enters the pulley mounting layer through the rope hole and is connected with the movable pulley group; at the same time, positive pressure ventilation is adopted inside the pulley mounting layer.

6. The hanging plate suspension system for deep shaft full-face tunnel boring machine construction according to claim 5, characterized in that: Each rope hole of the pulley mounting layer is also padded with a bushing.

7. The hanging plate suspension system for deep shaft full-face tunnel boring machine construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the auxiliary suspension unit: The flexible tankway sheave is installed on the second sheave platform in the middle of the derrick and is used to adjust the direction of the flexible tankway rope; The flexible tankway rope is provided with a plurality of ropes; the lower portion of the flexible tankway rope is connected to the bottom of the hanging tray, and the upper portion is connected to the flexible tankway stabilizer; The hydraulic tensioning device is installed on the beam of the derrick and is used to provide tensioning force to the flexible tankway rope passing through.

8. The hanging platform suspension system for deep shaft full-face tunnel boring machine construction according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In the hanging plate unit: The hanging tray is a multi-layer hanging tray; The hydraulic support shoes are installed on the outer edge of the hanging plate and arranged in two layers on the hanging plate to stabilize the hanging plate; The rolling guide device is installed on the outer edge of the hanging plate and is arranged in 3 to 5 layers on the hanging plate for guiding the hanging plate.

9. A method for construction using the hanging plate suspension system for deep shaft full-face tunnel boring machine construction according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: When the full-face roadheader steps down to a predetermined height, the platform suspension system is activated, driving the platform to move downward. The specific process is as follows: (1) The hydraulic support shoe of the hoisting platform is retracted into place and separated from the well wall; (2) The suspension stabilizing car is started, and the hanging platform is driven downward by the suspension stabilizing car and the wire rope; at the same time, the flexible tankway stabilizing car also synchronously follows the downward movement of the flexible tankway rope; During the operation of the hoisting platform, the ground control center of the control unit controls the synchronous operation of the suspended stabilizing car. The position of the wire rope on the drum is determined by comparing the detection data of the shaft encoder on the suspended stabilizing car and the suspended sheave. Then, different adjustment frequencies are given according to the difference in the wire rope layer of each suspended stabilizing car to ensure that the stabilizing car outputs a consistent linear speed and ensure the stability and levelness control during the operation of the hoisting platform. In addition, the rolling guide device of the hoisting platform unit is always pressed against the well wall to ensure the smooth operation of the hoisting platform; the tension difference between the wire ropes is eliminated by the wire rope tension self-balancing device to keep the force on the wire ropes consistent; (3) After the hoisting platform moves down to its proper position, the suspended stabilizing vehicle and the flexible tankway are stopped by the stabilizing vehicle; (4) The tilt sensor on the platform detects the level of the platform and transmits it to the ground control center. The ground control center activates the hydraulic adjustment device based on the data to further accurately adjust the level of the platform; (5) The centering sensor on the hoisting platform detects the deviation between the center of the hoisting platform and the center of the wellbore in real time, and provides the value to the ground centralized control center, which controls the thrust and stroke of the hydraulic support shoe to perform the centering work; then, the hydraulic support shoe tightens the well wall, while ensuring that the positive pressure with the well wall is less than 1MPa; the hydraulic tensioning device of the auxiliary suspension unit is activated, tensioning the rope tank to the set value, and preparing for the lifting system to work; (6) The hoisting system of the hoisting platform is completed and the full-section tunnel boring machine starts the next cycle of work.

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