A multi-point tunneling magnetic field pinning self-stabilizing superconducting bearing

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of low-temperature superconductivity technology, and more particularly to a multi-point tunneling magnetic field pinning self-stabilizing superconducting bearing, comprising a rotor and a permanent magnet stator. Unlike existing technologies, the rotor comprises a cylindrical, non-magnetic solid fused silica rotor body. The circumferential surface of the rotor body is coated with a superconducting coating of pure niobium. Tunneling point holes are ablated into the circumferential surface of the superconducting coating using laser pulses. M tunneling point holes are radially distributed about the rotor body's axis and are paired, while N×M tunneling point holes are arranged in a linear or helical array along the rotor body's axial direction. M is an even number ≥ 12, and N is an integer greater than or equal to 6. Compared to existing technologies, this invention utilizes the Meissner effect of superconductors to form a stable magnetic field pinning and locking suspension. After applying an alternating magnetic field to the rotor, the rotor in the magnetic field pinning suspension state can achieve high-speed stable rotation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of low-temperature superconductivity technology, and in particular to a multi-point tunneling magnetic field line pinning self-stabilizing superconducting bearing. Background Technology

[0002] Bearings are widely used in rotating machinery. The most commonly used types in industrial production are mechanical bearings, electromagnetic bearings, and permanent magnet bearings. Mechanical bearings have a simple structure but are prone to wear and require frequent maintenance. The high friction generated by mechanical bearings limits the rotational speed of the machinery. Electromagnetic bearings are a type of suspension bearing with lower friction than mechanical bearings, but they require an external power supply and control system, increasing their complexity. They eliminate friction at the cost of a complex, high-power-consuming control system. Permanent magnet bearings have a simple structure but lack self-stability and cannot be used independently.

[0003] In recent years, with the emergence of high-temperature superconducting materials, superconducting technology has developed rapidly. An ideal superconductor exhibits perfect diamagnetism: when a superconductor enters the superconducting state, all magnetic flux within it is expelled, and the magnetic induction intensity is always zero. However, in reality, superconductor surfaces often have many depressions and wrinkles, preventing them from strictly adhering to perfect diamagnetism. For example, lattice defects in yttrium barium copper oxide superconducting films can create quantum tunneling effects, resulting in numerous electron pairs forming between electrons on either side of the defect. Magnetic field lines then pass through these defects, exerting a pinning force on the superconductor. If enough magnetic field lines pass through, the pinning force is sufficient to counteract the superconductor's own gravity, resulting in magnetic field line suspension, i.e., quantum locking.

[0004] Superconductors subjected to uniform magnetic field pinning forces exhibit self-stabilizing levitation characteristics in non-uniform magnetic fields; this levitation characteristic is called self-sustaining levitation. Due to its self-sustaining levitation, frictionless operation, and low loss, the magnetic field pinning suspension effect can be applied to superconducting bearings. Currently reported superconducting bearings typically consist of a superconducting stator and a permanent magnet rotor. When the superconducting stator enters the superconducting state, the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet rotor is captured by the superconducting stator and pinned at the pinning center. Due to the pinning force, the rotor remains stable in both the axial and radial directions, achieving stable levitation. When a drive device (usually a motor) is installed on the permanent magnet rotor, the magnetically levitated permanent magnet rotor can achieve high-speed rotation. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a multi-point tunneling magnetic field pinning self-stabilizing superconducting bearing, which consists of a rotor and a permanent magnet stator. Unlike the prior art, the rotor includes a cylindrical, non-magnetic solid fused silica rotor body. The circumferential surface of the rotor body is coated with a superconducting coating of pure niobium metal. The circumferential surface of the superconducting coating is ablated with tunneling point holes by laser pulse. M tunneling point holes are radially distributed about the axis of the rotor body and are paired through each other. N×M tunneling point holes are arranged in a linear array or a spiral array along the axial direction of the rotor body. M is an even number ≥ 12 and N is an integer greater than or equal to 6.

[0006] Furthermore, it also includes a cryogenic maintenance system that can maintain the temperature of the superconducting coating below 110K.

[0007] Furthermore, the cryogenic maintenance system includes liquid nitrogen circulation piping coiled on the surface of the rotor body.

[0008] Furthermore, it also includes a control system, which includes a control card and a PLC, used to communicate, process, and convert magnetic field information and temperature information, and to display temperature parameters on a human-machine interface.

[0009] Furthermore, the permanent magnet stator includes a stator body, a rotation limiter, a fixing component, and a braking mechanism. The fixing component secures the rotation limiter to the stator body. A sliding block is fixed on the rotor, and the sliding block slides inside the rotation limiter. The braking mechanism controls the rotor to be stationary or to slide by controlling the sliding block.

[0010] This invention also claims protection for the application of this multi-point tunneling magnetic field line pinning self-stabilizing superconducting bearing in the fields of mechanical equipment, aviation, and aerospace.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the present invention utilizes the Meissner effect of superconductors. The magnetic flux of the permanent magnet stator is shielded by the niobium superconducting coating layer on the rotor surface, but some magnetic lines of force generate pinning force on the rotor through pre-set tunneling point holes. The periodic and regular arrangement of the tunneling point holes keeps the magnetic flux pinning force balanced in the axial and radial directions, which can form a stable magnetic line pinning and locking suspension. After applying an alternating magnetic field to the rotor, the rotor in the magnetic line pinning and suspension state can achieve high-speed and stable rotation. Attached Figure Description

[0012] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the rotor structure of the present invention.

[0013] The diagram labels are: rotor body-1, niobium coating-2, tunneling point hole-3, tunneling magnetic field line-4, and shielded magnetic field line-5. Detailed Implementation

[0014] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0015] A multi-point tunneling magnetic field pinned self-stabilizing superconducting bearing, consisting of a rotor and a permanent magnet stator, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the rotor includes a cylindrical, non-magnetic solid fused silica rotor body 1. The circumferential surface of the rotor body 1 is coated with a superconducting niobium coating 2. The circumferential surface of the superconducting coating 2 is ablated with 144 tunneling points 3 by laser pulse ablation. These 144 tunneling points 3 are divided into 6 groups, arranged in a linear array along the axial direction of the rotor body 1. Each group contains 24 tunneling points 3, which are radially distributed about the axis of the rotor body 1 and interpenetrate in pairs. A cryogenic maintenance system is also included, which maintains the temperature of the superconducting coating 2 below 110K. The cryogenic maintenance system includes a liquid nitrogen circulation pipeline coiled on the surface of the rotor body 1. A control system is also included, comprising a control card and a PLC, used for communication, processing, and conversion of magnetic field and temperature information, and for displaying temperature parameters on a human-machine interface. The permanent magnet stator includes a stator body, a rotation limiter, a fixing component, and a braking mechanism. The fixing component secures the rotation limiter to the stator body. A sliding block is fixed on the rotor, and the sliding block slides inside the rotation limiter. The braking mechanism controls the rotor to be stationary or to slide by controlling the sliding block.

[0016] The tunneling points 3 are evenly distributed radially around the rotor axis, ensuring that the cylindrical rotor can always withstand pinning force and maintain its suspended state. The tunneling points always correspond in pairs as shown in the diagram. These points are small holes ablated into the surface metal coating by laser pulses, with a depth from the metal coating surface to the quartz cylinder surface. No holes need to be drilled in the cylinder because magnetic lines of force can directly pass through the non-metallic material; therefore, only small holes need to be created in the metal coating to ensure the passage of magnetic lines of force. Due to the Meissner effect of the superconductor, the permanent magnet stator flux is shielded by the niobium superconducting coating on the rotor surface. However, some magnetic lines of force generate pinning force on the rotor through the pre-set laser ablation tunneling points. The periodic and regular arrangement of the magnetic line pinning points keeps the magnetic flux pinning force balanced in the axial and radial directions, forming a stable magnetic line pinning and locking suspension. After applying an alternating magnetic field to the rotor, the rotor in the magnetic line pinning suspension state can achieve high-speed and stable rotation.

[0017] Any aspects of this invention not described in detail are existing technology or common knowledge in the field.

Claims

1. A multi-point tunneling magnetic field pinned self-stabilizing superconducting bearing, comprising a rotor and a permanent magnet stator, characterized in that, The rotor includes a cylindrical, non-magnetic solid fused silica rotor body (1), the circumferential surface of the rotor body (1) is coated with a superconducting coating (2) of pure niobium metal, and the circumferential surface of the superconducting coating (2) is ablated by laser pulse to create tunneling point holes (3), wherein M tunneling point holes (3) are radially distributed about the axis of the rotor body (1) and are paired through each other, and N×M tunneling point holes (3) are arranged in a linear array or a spiral array along the axial direction of the rotor body (1), where M is an even number ≥12 and N is an integer greater than or equal to 6.

2. The multi-point tunneling magnetic field line pinning self-stabilizing superconducting bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a cryogenic maintenance system that can maintain the temperature of the superconducting coating (2) below 110K.

3. The multi-point tunneling magnetic field pinning self-stabilizing superconducting bearing according to claim 2, characterized in that, The cryogenic maintenance system includes a liquid nitrogen circulation pipeline mounted on the surface of the rotor body (1).

4. The multi-point tunneling magnetic field line pinning self-stabilizing superconducting bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a control system, which consists of a control card and a PLC, used to communicate, process, and convert magnetic field information and temperature information, and to display temperature parameters on a human-machine interface.

5. The multi-point tunneling magnetic field pinning self-stabilizing superconducting bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The permanent magnet stator includes a stator body, a rotation limiter, a fixing component, and a braking mechanism. The fixing component secures the rotation limiter to the stator body. A sliding block is fixed on the rotor, and the sliding block slides inside the rotation limiter. The braking mechanism controls the rotor to be stationary or to slide by controlling the sliding block.

6. The application of the multi-point tunneling magnetic field line pinning self-stabilizing superconducting bearing according to any one of claims 1-5 in the fields of mechanical equipment, aviation, and aerospace.

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