Electrolytes and batteries

Abstract

The application discloses an electrolyte and a battery. The electrolyte comprises an electrolyte, a solvent, a first additive and a second additive. The first additive is selected from at least one of structural formula (1) to structural formula (4), and the second additive is selected from at least one of structural formula (5) to structural formula (7). The first additive has high oxidation resistance, and contains an unsaturated double bond which can be polymerized to form an SEI protective film on a negative electrode. The protective film inhibits the volume expansion of the silicon negative electrode. The second additive can form a polymer film on the surface of a positive electrode under high voltage, which can improve the oxidation resistance of the electrolyte. Through the joint action of the first additive and the second additive, a stable film layer is formed on the surface of the electrode, the volume expansion of the electrode is inhibited, the interface on the surface of the electrode is prevented from being damaged by expansion stress, the contact between the electrolyte and the electrode material is blocked, the oxidation resistance of the electrolyte is improved, the performance stability of the battery under high voltage is improved, and the high-temperature storage and cycle performance of the battery are improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of batteries, and particularly relates to an electrolyte and a battery. BACKGROUND

[0002] Lithium ion batteries have the advantages of large specific energy density and long cycle life, and are widely used in various electronic products. In recent years, they have also been widely used in electric vehicles and various electric tools and energy storage devices. With the continuous increase of application fields and application scenarios, higher requirements are put forward for the energy density of batteries. Lithium ion batteries are a kind of rechargeable batteries, which mainly rely on the movement of lithium ions between the positive electrode and the negative electrode to work. During the charging and discharging process, lithium ions are embedded and de-embedded between the two electrodes: when charging, lithium ions are de-embedded from the positive electrode, embedded into the negative electrode through the electrolyte, and the negative electrode is in a lithium-rich state; when discharging, the opposite is true. Silicon-based materials are mainly studied due to their high specific capacity and low lithium intercalation potential, and are expected to become high specific energy lithium ion battery negative materials. However, the volume of silicon-based negative electrodes will change greatly during charging and discharging, which seriously affects their performance. At high voltage, the positive electrode material and silicon negative electrode material in the battery are prone to volume expansion, and stress will damage the interface of the electrode surface, resulting in a decrease in battery performance. SUMMARY

[0003] The purpose of the embodiments of the present application is to provide an electrolyte and a battery to solve the problem that the positive electrode material and silicon negative electrode material in the battery are prone to volume expansion at high voltage, and stress will damage the interface of the electrode surface.

[0004] In a first aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide an electrolyte, comprising:

[0005] an electrolyte, a solvent, a first additive and a second additive, the first additive is selected from at least one of structural formula (1) to structural formula (4),

[0006]

[0007] wherein R1, R2 and R3 are each independently selected from one of an alkyl group, a halogenated alkane, an aromatic hydrocarbon or a halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; 20

[0008] the second additive is selected from at least one of structural formula (5) to structural formula (7),

[0009]

[0010] Further, R1, R2 and R3 are each independently selected from a halogen-substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a halogen-substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, or a halogen-substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon having 6 to 10 carbon atoms; 20 20 ​​substituted or unsubstituted C6-C9 phenylalkyl, and / or a fused ring arene group substituted or unsubstituted by halogen. 26 substituted or unsubstituted C6-C9 phenylalkyl, and / or a fused ring arene group substituted or unsubstituted by halogen.

[0011] Further, R1, R2 and R3 are each independently selected from F-substituted or unsubstituted C1-C5 alkyl, F-substituted or unsubstituted C3-C5 cycloalkyl, F-substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, F-substituted or unsubstituted C6-C9 phenylalkyl, and / or a fused ring arene group substituted or unsubstituted by halogen.

[0012] Further, the first additive is selected from at least one of structural formula 1-1 to structural formula 1-10,

[0013]

[0014] Further, the content of the first additive is 0.1-5.0% of the total mass of the electrolyte.

[0015] Further, the content of the second additive is 0.1-5.0% of the total mass of the electrolyte.

[0016] Further, the electrolyte comprises:

[0017] at least one of lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium difluorophosphate, lithium difluoro oxalato borate, lithium bis-trifluoromethylsulfonylimide, lithium difluoro bis-oxalato phosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium bis-oxalato borate, lithium hexafluoroantimonate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, lithium bis(pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)imide, lithium tris(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methide, and lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide; and / or

[0018] The electrolyte further comprises at least one of fluoroethylene carbonate, 1,3-propane sultone, and 1,3,6-hexanetricarbonitrile.

[0019] Further, the solvent comprises at least one of a carbonate and a carboxylic acid ester.

[0020] Further, the carbonate comprises at least one of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, and methyl ethyl carbonate.

[0021] The carboxylic acid ester comprises at least one of propyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, n-amyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, propyl propionate, ethyl propionate, methyl butyrate, and ethyl n-butyrate.

[0022] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a battery, comprising:

[0023] The electrolyte described in the above embodiments.

[0024] The electrolyte of the embodiment of the present application comprises: an electrolyte, a solvent, a first additive and a second additive, the first additive is selected from at least one of structural formula (1) to structural formula (4), and the second additive is selected from at least one of structural formula (5) to structural formula (7). The first additive is a phosphorus-containing compound with an unsaturated bond, has high oxidation resistance, can absorb mononuclear oxygen released by the positive electrode at high voltage and inhibit the oxidative decomposition of the solvent, the unsaturated double bond contained can polymerize at the negative electrode to form an SEI protective film, the formed protective film can inhibit the volume expansion of the silicon negative electrode and further prevent the electrolyte from entering the negative electrode material to cause damage. The second additive is a thiophene structure containing a single or multiple phosphate esters, the thiophene structure can polymerize on the surface of the positive electrode, and the second additive can form a polymer film on the surface of the positive electrode at high voltage, which can effectively block the contact between the electrolyte and the positive electrode material, and the phosphate ester group contained can improve the oxidation resistance of the electrolyte. Through the combined action of the phosphate ester groups contained in the first additive and the second additive, a stable film layer can be formed on the surface of the electrode, the volume expansion of the electrode can be inhibited, the interface of the surface of the electrode can be prevented from being damaged by the expansion stress, the contact between the electrolyte and the electrode material can be blocked, the oxidation resistance of the electrolyte can be improved, and the performance stability of the battery at high voltage can be improved, and the high-temperature storage and cycle performance of the battery can be improved. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are some of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0026] The terms "first", "second", and the like in the specification and claims of the present application are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data thus used can be interchanged under appropriate circumstances, so that the embodiments of the present application can be implemented in an order other than those described herein. In addition, "and / or" in the specification and claims indicates at least one of the connected objects, and the character " / ", generally indicates that the front and rear associated objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0027] The electrolyte and battery provided by the embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below through specific embodiments and application scenarios.

[0028] The electrolyte of the embodiment of the present application comprises:

[0029] electrolyte, a solvent, a first additive selected from at least one of structural formula (1) to structural formula (4), and a second additive selected from at least one of structural formula (5) to structural formula (7),

[0030]

[0031] wherein R1, R2, and R3 are each independently selected from one of an alkyl, a haloalkyl, an aromatic hydrocarbon, or a haloaromatic hydrocarbon; 20

[0032]

[0033]

[0034] The electrolyte can include at least one of lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium difluorophosphate, lithium difluoro-oxalato-borate, lithium bis-trifluoromethylsulfonylimide, lithium difluoro-bis-oxalato-phosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium bis-oxalato-borate, lithium hexafluoroantimonate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, lithium bis(pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)imide, lithium tris(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methide, and lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, for example, the electrolyte can be lithium hexafluorophosphate, and the specific kind of electrolyte can be selected as appropriate. The solvent can include at least one of a carbonate and a carboxylate. The solvent can be a non-aqueous organic solvent, and the solvent can include at least one of a halogen-substituted carbonate and a halogen-substituted carboxylate. The carbonate can include at least one of vinyl carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, and ethyl methyl carbonate; the carboxylate can include at least one of propyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, n-pentyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, propyl propionate, ethyl propionate, methyl butyrate, and ethyl n-butyrate, and the specific kind of solvent can be selected as appropriate.

[0035] ​​The electrolyte of this invention includes: an electrolyte, a solvent, a first additive, and a second additive. The first additive is selected from at least one of structural formulas (1) to (4), and the second additive is selected from at least one of structural formulas (5) to (7). The first additive is a phosphorus-containing compound with unsaturated bonds, which has high oxidation resistance. Under high voltage, it can absorb singlet oxygen released from the positive electrode and inhibit the oxidative decomposition of the solvent. The unsaturated double bonds it contains can polymerize at the negative electrode to form an SEI protective film. The formed protective film can inhibit the expansion of the silicon negative electrode volume and further prevent the electrolyte from entering the negative electrode material and causing damage. The second additive is a thiophene structure containing one or more phosphate esters. The thiophene structure can polymerize on the positive electrode surface. Under high voltage, the second additive can form a polymer film on the positive electrode surface, which can effectively block the contact between the electrolyte and the positive electrode material. At the same time, the phosphate ester groups can improve the oxidation resistance of the electrolyte. Through the combined action of the phosphate ester groups contained in the first and second additives, a stable film layer can be formed on the electrode surface, which can inhibit the volume expansion of the electrode, prevent the expansion stress from damaging the interface of the electrode surface, block the contact between the electrolyte and the electrode material, improve the oxidation resistance of the electrolyte, and help improve the performance stability of the battery under high voltage, as well as improve the high-temperature storage and cycle performance of the battery.

[0036] In some embodiments, R1, R2, and R3 may each be independently selected from C1-C atoms that are halogenated or unsubstituted. 20 alkyl groups, halogenated or unsubstituted C3-C 20 Cycloalkyl groups, halogenated or unsubstituted phenyl groups, halogenated or unsubstituted biphenyl groups, halogenated or unsubstituted C6-C groups 26 The phenylalkyl group, halogenated or unsubstituted fused-ring aromatic group, the carbon atoms in the halogenated or unsubstituted fused-ring aromatic group can be less than or equal to 26, and the specific number of carbon atoms in R1, R2 and R3 can be reasonably selected according to the actual situation.

[0037] Optionally, R1, R2, and R3 can each be independently selected from C1-C5 alkane groups (substituted or unsubstituted with F), C3-C5 cycloalkyl groups (substituted or unsubstituted with F), phenyl groups (substituted or unsubstituted with F), C6-C9 benzoalkyl groups (substituted or unsubstituted with F), and fused-ring aromatic groups (substituted or unsubstituted with F). The number of carbon atoms in the fused-ring aromatic groups (substituted or unsubstituted with F) can be less than or equal to 26, and the specific number of carbon atoms in R1, R2, and R3 can be reasonably selected according to the actual situation.

[0038] Optionally, the first additive may be selected from at least one of structural formulas 1-1 to 1-10.

[0039]

[0040] For example, the first additive can be selected from Structure 1-1, Structure 1-6, Structure 1-9 or Structure 1-10, and the first additive can be simultaneously selected from multiple of Structure 1-1 to Structure 1-10.

[0041] In some embodiments, the content of the first additive can be 0.1-5.0% of the total mass of the electrolyte. For example, the content of the first additive can be 0.1wt%, 0.2wt%, 0.3wt%, 0.4wt%, 0.5wt%, 0.6wt%, 0.7wt%, 0.8wt%, 0.9wt%, 1wt%, 1.2wt%, 1.3wt%, 1.5wt%, 1.6wt%, 1.8wt%, 2wt%, 2.2wt%, 2.4wt%, 2.5wt%, 2.6wt%, 2.8wt%, 3wt%, 3.3wt%, 3.5wt%, 3.8wt%, 4wt%, 4.2wt%, 4.5wt%, 4.8wt% or 5wt% of the total mass of the electrolyte, and the specific content of the first additive can be selected according to actual needs.

[0042] In some embodiments, the content of the first additive can be 0.1-5.0% of the total mass of the electrolyte. For example, the content of the first additive can be 0.1wt%, 0.2wt%, 0.3wt%, 0.4wt%, 0.5wt%, 0.6wt%, 0.7wt%, 0.8wt%, 0.9wt%, 1wt%, 1.2wt%, 1.3wt%, 1.5wt%, 1.6wt%, 1.8wt%, 2wt%, 2.2wt%, 2.4wt%, 2.5wt%, 2.6wt%, 2.8wt%, 3wt%, 3.3wt%, 3.5wt%, 3.8wt%, 4wt%, 4.2wt%, 4.5wt%, 4.8wt% or 5wt% of the total mass of the electrolyte, and the specific content of the first additive can be selected according to actual needs.

[0043] Optionally, the electrolyte can include at least one of lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6), lithium difluorophosphate (LiPO2F2), lithium difluoro oxalate borate (LiDFOB), lithium bis-trifluoromethylsulfonylimide, lithium difluorobisoxalate phosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium bisoxalate borate, lithium hexafluoroantimonate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, lithium bis(pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)imide, lithium tris(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methide and lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide. For example, the electrolyte can be lithium hexafluorophosphate, the electrolyte can include lithium hexafluorophosphate and lithium bis-trifluoromethylsulfonylimide, and the specific type of electrolyte can be selected according to actual needs.

[0044] Optionally, the electrolyte may also include at least one of the following: fluoroethylene carbonate, 1,3-propanesulfonate lactone, and 1,3,6-hexanetrionitrile. For example, the electrolyte may also include fluoroethylene carbonate or 1,3,6-hexanetrionitrile. Other additives may also be added to the electrolyte as needed.

[0045] Optionally, the solvent may include at least one of carbonates and carboxylic acid esters. The solvent may include at least one of halogen-substituted carbonates and halogen-substituted carboxylic acid esters. The carbonate may include at least one of ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate (DEC), and methyl ethyl carbonate. For example, the carbonate may include ethylene carbonate, and the carbonate may include ethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate, which can be selected appropriately as needed. The carboxylic acid ester may include at least one of propyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, n-amyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, propyl propionate (PP), ethyl propionate (EP), methyl butyrate, and n-ethyl butyrate. For example, the carboxylic acid ester may include propyl acetate, and the carboxylic acid ester may include n-butyl acetate and ethyl propionate, which can be selected appropriately as needed.

[0046] The battery of this invention includes:

[0047] The electrolyte described in the above embodiments. In a battery having the electrolyte described in the above embodiments, through the combined action of the first and second additives, a stable film layer can be formed on the electrode surface. This film layer can suppress the volume expansion of the electrode, prevent expansion stress from damaging the electrode surface interface, block the contact between the electrolyte and the electrode material, improve the electrolyte's antioxidant capacity, and enhance the battery's performance stability under high voltage, as well as its high-temperature storage and cycle performance.

[0048] The battery can be a lithium ion battery, and the battery can further include a positive electrode sheet containing a positive electrode active material, a negative electrode sheet containing a negative electrode active material, and a separator. The positive electrode sheet can include a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer coated on one side or both sides of the positive electrode current collector, and the positive electrode active material layer can include the positive electrode active material, a conductive agent, and a binder. The negative electrode sheet can include a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer coated on one side or both sides of the negative electrode current collector, and the negative electrode active material layer can include the negative electrode active material, a conductive agent, and a binder. The mass percentage of each component in the positive electrode active material layer can be 80-99.8 wt% of the positive electrode active material, 0.1-10 wt% of the conductive agent, and 0.1-10 wt% of the binder. Preferably, the mass percentage of each component in the positive electrode active material layer can be 90-99.6 wt% of the positive electrode active material, 0.2-5 wt% of the conductive agent, and 0.2-5 wt% of the binder. The mass percentage of each component in the negative electrode active material layer can be 80-99.8 wt% of the negative electrode active material, 0.1-10 wt% of the conductive agent, and 0.1-10 wt% of the binder. Preferably, the mass percentage of each component in the negative electrode active material layer can be 90-99.6 wt% of the negative electrode active material, 0.2-5 wt% of the conductive agent, and 0.2-5 wt% of the binder.

[0049] The conductive agent can be selected from at least one of conductive carbon black, acetylene black, ketjen black, conductive graphite, conductive carbon fiber, carbon nanotube, metal powder, and carbon fiber. The binder can be selected from at least one of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, styrene butadiene latex, polytetrafluoroethylene, and polyethylene oxide. The negative electrode active material can be silicon-doped artificial graphite. The positive electrode active material can be selected from one or more of transition metal lithium oxide, lithium iron phosphate, and lithium manganate, and the chemical formula of the transition metal lithium oxide can be Li 1+ x Ni y Co z M (1-y-z) O2, wherein -0.1≤x≤1, 0≤y≤1, 0≤z≤1, and 0≤y+z≤1; wherein M can be one or more of Mg, Zn, Ga, Ba, Al, Fe, Cr, Sn, V, Mn, Sc, Ti, Nb, Mo, Zr.

[0050] The battery can include a negative electrode sheet, an electrolyte, a positive electrode sheet, a separator, and an outer package. The positive electrode sheet, the separator, and the negative electrode sheet can be stacked to obtain a battery cell, or the positive electrode sheet, the separator, and the negative electrode sheet can be stacked and then wound to obtain a battery cell, and the battery cell can be placed in the outer package, and the electrolyte can be injected into the outer package to obtain a lithium ion battery.

[0051] The application will be further described in conjunction with specific examples.

[0052] Example 1

[0053] Preparation of the positive electrode sheet:

[0054] The positive electrode active material lithium cobaltate (LiCoO2), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), conductive carbon black (SP, super P) and carbon nanotubes (CNT) were mixed in a mass ratio of 96:2:1.5:0.5, N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) was added, and stirring was performed under the action of a vacuum stirrer until the mixed system became a homogeneous flowable positive electrode active paste; the positive electrode active paste was uniformly coated on both surfaces of an aluminum foil; the coated aluminum foil was dried, then subjected to rolling and slitting to obtain the desired positive electrode sheet.

[0055] Preparation of the negative electrode sheet:

[0056] The negative electrode active material artificial graphite, silicon monoxide, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na), butadiene rubber, conductive carbon black (SP) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were mixed in a mass ratio of 79.5:15:2.5:1.5:1:0.5, deionized water was added, and a negative electrode active paste was obtained under the action of a vacuum stirrer; the negative electrode active paste was uniformly coated on both surfaces of a copper foil; the coated copper foil was air-dried at room temperature, then transferred to a 80°C oven for drying for 10h, and then subjected to cold pressing and slitting to obtain the negative electrode sheet.

[0057] Preparation of the electrolyte:

[0058] The electrolyte, the first additive, and the second additive were added to the solvent and mixed uniformly to obtain the electrolyte.

[0059] Solvent: EC 7 parts by weight, PC 7 parts by weight, DEC 14 parts by weight, PP 41 parts by weight, FEC (fluorinated ethylene carbonate) 10 parts by weight;

[0060] Electrolyte: lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) 13 parts by weight;

[0061] Other additives: PS (1,3-propane sultone) 5 parts by weight, HTCN (1,3,6-hexane trinitrile) 2.5 parts by weight.

[0062] The specific contents of the components can be seen in Table 1.

[0063] Preparation of the lithium ion battery

[0064] The positive electrode sheet, the negative electrode sheet and the separator film are stacked in the order of the positive electrode sheet, the separator film and the negative electrode sheet, and then are wound to obtain a battery cell; the battery cell is placed in an outer packaging aluminum foil, and the electrolyte prepared above is injected into the outer packaging, and then the lithium ion battery is obtained through processes such as vacuum packaging, standing, formation, shaping, sorting and the like. The battery charge-discharge range of the present application is 3.0-4.5V.

[0065] The difference between the comparative examples 1-9 and the examples 2-13 and example 1 lies in the components and contents in the electrolyte. The components and contents in the comparative examples 1-9 and the examples 2-13 can be seen in Table 1.

[0066] Table 1 Components and contents of the electrolyte in the comparative examples and examples

[0067]

[0068]

[0069] Test of battery performance

[0070] 1) Test of high temperature cycle performance at 45℃

[0071] The batteries in the comparative examples and examples are subjected to charge-discharge cycle at 45℃ under the charge-discharge cut-off voltage range at a rate of 1C for 800 cycles. The discharge capacity of the first week is counted as x1 mAh, and the discharge capacity of the Nth cycle is counted as y1 mAh. The cycle capacity retention rate R1 of the Nth week is obtained by dividing the capacity of the Nth week by the capacity of the first week.

[0072] 2) Test of safety performance:

[0073] The battery cell is charged at 0.5C to the upper limit cut-off voltage, and is kept at constant voltage to 0.05C. The fully charged sample is placed in a thermal shock test chamber at an ambient temperature of 25℃±5℃, and then is raised to 140℃±2℃ at a rate of 15℃±2℃ / min, and is kept at this temperature for 42min, and then the test is ended. Whether the battery catches fire or explodes is observed. If it does not catch fire or explode, the safety performance is indicated as "pass". If it only catches fire, it is indicated as "fire". If it only explodes, it is indicated as "not pass". If it both catches fire and explodes, the safety performance is indicated as "not pass". The test results of the performance of the lithium ion batteries in the comparative examples and examples can be seen in Table 2.

[0074] Table 2 Test results of the performance of the lithium ion batteries in the comparative examples and examples

[0075]

[0076]

[0077] From the test results in Table 2, it can be seen that the battery with the electrolyte of the embodiment of the present application can inhibit the volume expansion of the electrode, can improve the performance stability of the battery at high voltage, can improve the high-temperature storage and cycle performance of the battery, and has high safety.

[0078] The above describes the embodiments of the present application, but the present application is not limited to the above-described specific embodiments, and the above-described specific embodiments are only illustrative but not restrictive, and those skilled in the art can make many forms under the inspiration of the present application without departing from the purpose of the present application and the scope protected by the claims, which all belong to the protection of the present application.

Claims

1. An electrolyte, characterized in that, include: Electrolyte, solvent, first additive, and second additive, wherein the first additive is selected from at least one of structural formulas 1-1 to 1-10. ； The second additive is selected from at least one of structural formulas (5) to (7). Structural formula (5) Structural formula (6) Structural formula (7); The content of the first additive is 0.1-5.0% of the total mass of the electrolyte; The content of the second additive is 0.1-5.0% of the total mass of the electrolyte.

2. The electrolyte according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electrolyte includes: At least one of lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium difluorophosphate, lithium difluorooxalate borate, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, lithium difluorobis(oxalate) phosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium bis(oxalate) borate, lithium hexafluoroantimonyate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium di(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, lithium di(pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)imide, lithium tri(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)methyl, and lithium di(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide; and / or The electrolyte further includes at least one of the following: fluoroethylene carbonate, 1,3-propanesulfonate lactone, and 1,3,6-hexanetrionitrile.

3. The electrolyte according to claim 1, characterized in that, The solvent includes at least one of carbonates and carboxylic esters.

4. The electrolyte according to claim 3, characterized in that, The carbonate includes at least one of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, and ethyl methyl carbonate; The carboxylic acid ester includes at least one of propyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, n-pentyl acetate, isopentyl acetate, propyl propionate, ethyl propionate, methyl butyrate, and ethyl butyrate.

5. A battery, characterized in that, include: The electrolyte according to any one of claims 1-4.

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