Concentrated non-aqueous fabric conditioner

Abstract

A non-aqueous concentrated liquid fabric conditioner composition is disclosed, comprising: a. 10 to 85 weight percent of an ester-linked quaternary ammonium compound; and b. a solvent selected from the following: i. a hydrocarbon containing 5 to 19 carbon atoms; ii. a solvent having a carbon content greater than 16.5 MPa 1 / 2 δ D Dispersion parameters and 2.5 to 8 MPa 1 / 2 δ P polarity parameters of solvents; and iii. mixtures thereof.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention is in the field of fabric conditioners and in particular provides concentrated non-aqueous fabric conditioner formulations. Background Art

[0002] There is a trend towards increasingly concentrated consumer products. Concentration enables the use of less packaging and fewer chemicals. Smaller bottles or bottles containing more doses also provide convenience for consumers.

[0003] In the field of fabric conditioners, concentration is a difficult problem to solve. Fabric conditioners traditionally contain quaternary ammonium compounds, and more recently ester-linked quaternary ammonium compounds have dominated the market due to their biodegradability. However, in fabric conditioner compositions, especially aqueous compositions, as the concentration of ester-linked quaternary ammonium compounds increases, the viscosity of the composition also increases. At high concentrations, the product may become too thick to be used or become solidified.

[0004] It would be beneficial for consumers to be able to dilute a concentrated product at home so that they could continue to follow their daily dosing habits.

[0005] There continues to be a need for fabric conditioner compositions that can be formulated as concentrated products and that can be diluted by the consumer at home. Summary of the invention

[0006] In a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of using a non-aqueous concentrated liquid fabric conditioner composition comprising;

[0007] a) 15 to 85 wt. % of an ester-linked quaternary ammonium compound, and

[0008] b) a solvent selected from the group consisting of:

[0009] i. hydrocarbons containing 5 to 19 carbon atoms;

[0010] ii. With a pressure greater than 16.5MPa 1 / 2 δ D Dispersion parameters and 2.5 to 8 MPa 1 / 2 δ P polarity parameters of the solvent; and

[0011] iii. mixtures thereof,

[0012] c) less than 20% by weight of water;

[0013] The composition is diluted with water before addition to the laundry process.

[0014] In a second aspect of the present invention there is provided a process for preparing a non-aqueous concentrated fabric conditioner composition wherein an ester-linked quaternary ammonium compound and a solvent are heated together to a temperature above 45°C.

[0015] In a third aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of using a composition as described herein, wherein the composition is diluted with water before addition to a laundry process. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] By reading the following detailed description and the appended claims, these and other aspects, features and advantages will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. For the avoidance of doubt, any feature of one aspect of the present invention may be used in any other aspect of the present invention. The word "comprising" is intended to mean "including", but not necessarily "consisting of" or "composed of". In other words, the steps or options listed do not need to be exhaustive. It should be noted that the examples given in the following description are intended to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention to those examples themselves. Similarly, all percentages are weight / weight percentages unless otherwise indicated. Except in the operating and comparative examples, or in the case of otherwise clearly indicated, all the numbers representing the amount of material or reaction conditions, the physical properties of the material and / or the use in this specification and claims are modified by the word "about". The numerical range expressed in the format of "x to y" should be understood to include x and y. When multiple preferred ranges are described in the form of "x to y" for a particular feature, it should be understood that all ranges combining different endpoints are also considered.

[0017] Fabric softening actives

[0018] The compositions described herein comprise ester-linked quaternary ammonium compounds. The fabric conditioners of the present invention comprise greater than 10% by weight of ester-linked quaternary ammonium compounds, preferably greater than 15% by weight of ester-linked quaternary ammonium compounds, more preferably greater than 25% by weight of ester-linked quaternary ammonium compounds, and most preferably greater than 35% by weight of ester-linked quaternary ammonium compounds, based on the weight of the composition. Preferably, the fabric conditioners of the present invention comprise less than 85% by weight of ester-linked quaternary ammonium compounds, more preferably less than 80% by weight of ester-linked quaternary ammonium compounds, and most preferably less than 70% by weight of ester-linked quaternary ammonium compounds, based on the weight of the composition. Suitably, the fabric conditioner comprises 10 to 85% by weight of ester-linked quaternary ammonium compounds, preferably 15 to 80% by weight of ester-linked quaternary ammonium compounds, more preferably 25 to 70% by weight of ester-linked quaternary ammonium compounds, and most preferably 35 to 70% by weight of ester-linked quaternary ammonium compounds, based on the weight of the composition. Particularly preferred ranges may be 30 to 60% by weight of ester-linked quaternary ammonium compounds and 50 to 80% by weight of ester-linked quaternary ammonium compounds.

[0019] The quaternary ammonium compound of ester connection preferably comprises at least one chain derived from fatty acid, more preferably at least two chains derived from fatty acid.Usually, fatty acid is defined as aliphatic monocarboxylic acid with a chain of 4 to 28 carbons.Fatty acid can be derived from various sources, such as tallow or plant sources.Preferably, the fatty acid chain is derived from plants.Preferably, based on the weight of total fatty acid chain, the fatty acid chain of the quaternary ammonium compound of ester connection comprises 10 to 50 wt % saturated C18 chain and 5 to 40 wt % monounsaturated C18 chain.In a further preferred embodiment, the fatty acid chain of the quaternary ammonium compound of ester connection comprises 20 to 40 wt %, preferably 25 to 35 wt % saturated C18 chain and 10 to 35 wt %, preferably 15 to 30 wt % monounsaturated C18 chain based on the weight of total fatty acid chain.

[0020] A particularly preferred material is an ester-linked triethanolamine (TEA) quaternary ammonium compound comprising a mixture of mono-, diester- and triester-linked components.

[0021] Typically, TEA-based fabric softening compounds comprise a mixture of compounds in the form of monoesters, diesters and triesters, wherein the diester-linked components comprise no more than 70 wt. %, preferably no more than 60 wt. %, for example no more than 55 wt. %, or even no more than 45 wt. % of the fabric softening compound, and at least 10 wt. % of the monoester-linked components.

[0022] A first group of ester-linked quaternary ammonium compounds suitable for use in the present invention is represented by formula (I):

[0023]

[0024] Wherein each R is independently selected from C5 to C35 alkyl or alkenyl; R1 represents C1 to C4 alkyl, C2 to C4 alkenyl or C1 to C4 hydroxyalkyl; T may be O-CO (i.e., an ester group bound to R through its carbon atom), or may alternatively be CO-O (i.e., an ester group bound to R through its oxygen atom); n is a number selected from 1 to 4; m is a number selected from 1, 2 or 3; and X- is an anionic counterion, such as a halide or an alkyl sulfate, for example chloride or methyl sulfate. The diester variant of formula I (i.e., m=2) is preferred and generally has monoester and triester analogs associated therewith. Such materials are particularly suitable for use in the present invention.

[0025] Suitable actives include soft quaternary ammonium actives such as Stepantex VT90, Rewoquat WE18 (ex Evonik) and Tetranyl L1 / 90N, Tetranyl L190 SP and Tetranyl L190S (all ex Kao).

[0026] Likewise suitable are active substances enriched in the diester of triethanolammonium methylsulfate, otherwise known as "TEA esterquats".

[0027] Commercial examples include Preapagen TM TQL (from Clariant) and Tetranyl TM AHT-1 (from Kao) (both di-[hardened tallow ester] of triethanolammonium methylsulfate), AT-1 (di-[tallow ester] of triethanolammonium methylsulfate) and L5 / 90 (di-[palmityl ester] of triethanolammonium methylsulfate) (both from Kao) and Rewoquat TM WE15 (diester of triethanolammonium methylsulfate with fatty acyl residues derived from C10-C20 and C16-C18 unsaturated fatty acids) (from Evonik).

[0028] A second group of ester-linked quaternary ammonium compounds suitable for use in the present invention is represented by formula (II):

[0029]

[0030] wherein each R1 group is independently selected from C1 to C4 alkyl, hydroxyalkyl or C2 to C4 alkenyl; and wherein each R2 group is independently selected from C8 to C28 alkyl or alkenyl; and wherein n, T and X- are as defined above.

[0031] Preferred materials of this second group include 1,2-bis[tallowyloxy]-3-trimethylammonium propane chloride, 1,2-bis[hardened tallowyloxy]-3-trimethylammonium propane chloride, 1,2-bis[oleoyloxy]-3-trimethylammonium propane chloride and 1,2-bis[stearoyloxy]-3-trimethylammonium propane chloride. These materials are described in US 4,137,180 (Lever Brothers). Preferably, these materials also contain a certain amount of the corresponding monoester.

[0032] A third group of ester-linked quaternary ammonium compounds suitable for use in the present invention is represented by formula (III):

[0033] (R 1 )2-N + -[(CH2) n -TR 2 ]2X - (III)

[0034] wherein each R1 group is independently selected from C1 to C4 alkyl or C2 to C4 alkenyl, and wherein each R2 group is independently selected from C8 to C28 alkyl or alkenyl; and n, T and X- are as defined above. Preferred materials of this third group include bis(2-tallowoyloxyethyl)dimethylammonium chloride, partially hardened and hardened forms thereof.

[0035] A specific example of the fourth group of ester-linked quaternary ammonium compounds is represented by the following formula:

[0036]

[0037] A fifth group of ester-linked quaternary ammonium compounds suitable for use in the present invention is represented by the formula:

[0038]

[0039] R1 and R2 are independently selected from C10 to C22 alkyl or alkenyl, preferably C14 to C20 alkyl or alkenyl. X- is as defined above.

[0040] The iodine value of the ester-linked quaternary ammonium compound fabric conditioning material is preferably from 0 to 80, more preferably from 0 to 60, most preferably from 0 to 45. The iodine value can be selected appropriately. Substantially saturated materials having an iodine value of from 0 to 5, preferably from 0 to 1, can be used in the compositions of the present invention. Such materials are referred to as "hardened" quaternary ammonium compounds.

[0041] A further preferred range of iodine values ​​is from 20 to 60, preferably from 25 to 50, more preferably from 30 to 45. This type of material is a "soft" triethanolamine quaternary ammonium compound, preferably triethanolamine dialkyl ester methyl sulfate. This ester-linked triethanolamine quaternary ammonium compound contains an unsaturated fatty chain.

[0042] If a mixture of ester-linked quaternary ammonium compound materials is present in the composition, the iodine values ​​referred to above represent the average iodine values ​​of the parent fatty acyl compounds or fatty acids of all quaternary ammonium materials present. Similarly, if any saturated ester-linked quaternary ammonium compound materials are present in the composition, the iodine values ​​represent the average iodine values ​​of the parent fatty acyl compounds of the fatty acids of all quaternary ammonium materials present.

[0043] Iodine value as used in the context of the present invention refers to a measure of the unsaturation present in the material used to produce the fatty acid linked quaternary ammonium compound as determined by NMR spectroscopy as described in Anal. Chem., 34, 1136 (1962) Johnson and Shoolery.

[0044] Solvents

[0045] The compositions described herein comprise a solvent selected from the group consisting of:

[0046] i. hydrocarbons containing 5 to 19 carbon atoms;

[0047] ii. With a pressure greater than 16.5MPa 1 / 2 δ D Dispersion parameters and 2.5 to 8 MPa 1 / 2 δ P polarity parameters of the solvent; and

[0048] iii. mixtures thereof.

[0049] The selection of these specific solvents enables the formulation of concentrated, non-aqueous fabric conditioning compositions comprising ester-linked quaternary ammonium compounds. Other solvents result in solidification of the composition, which renders it unusable.

[0050] The hydrocarbon solvents may be straight chain hydrocarbons or branched chain hydrocarbons. Preferably they are straight chain hydrocarbons. The hydrocarbons may be saturated or unsaturated. Preferably, the hydrocarbons are saturated. Preferably, the hydrocarbon solvents contain 5 to 15 carbon atoms.

[0051] The solvent may alternatively be a solvent having a pressure greater than 16.5 MPa 1 / 2 δ D Dispersion parameters and 2.5 to 8 MPa 1 / 2 δ P These parameters are available in the literature or can be calculated using software such as Hansen Solubility Parameters in Practice (HSPiP). Preferably, δ D Dispersion parameter greater than 18MPa 1 / 2 , which results in a transparent or isotropic composition. Preferably, δ D Dispersion parameter less than 25MPa 1 / 2 Preferably δ P Polarity parameters are 3.8 to 7.8 MPa 1 / 2 , more preferably 4.5 to 7 MPa 1 / 2 , which results in a transparent or isotropic composition. Preferably, the solvent is organic. Examples of suitable solvents are provided in Table 3.

[0052] The solvents may fall into one or both of the following categories: type i and type ii. Mixtures of solvents falling within the categories may be used.

[0053] Preferably, the composition comprises 5 to 80 wt% of a solvent as described herein. More preferably 20 to 70 wt% of solvent, most preferably 25 to 65 wt% of solvent.

[0054] In addition to the solvents described herein, other solvents may be present.

[0055] spices

[0056] The compositions described herein preferably comprise fragrance. When present, the compositions preferably comprise 0.1 to 30% by weight of fragrance, i.e., free fragrance and / or fragrance microcapsules. As is known in the art, free fragrance and fragrance microcapsules provide fragrance hits to consumers at different points in the laundry process. It is particularly preferred that the compositions of the present invention comprise a combination of both free fragrance and fragrance microcapsules.

[0057] Preferably, the composition of the present invention comprises 0.5 to 30 wt% of perfume material, more preferably 1 to 20 wt% of perfume material, most preferably 1 to 15 wt% of perfume material.

[0058] Useful flavor components may include substances of natural and synthetic origin. They include single compounds and mixtures. Specific examples of such components can be found in the existing literature, for example, Fenaroli's Handbook of Flavor Ingredients, 1975, CRC Press; Synthetic Food Adjuncts, 1947, MB Jacobs, Van Nostrand ed.; or Perfume and Flavor Chemicals, S. Arctander 1969, Montclair, NJ (USA). These substances are well known to those skilled in the art of flavoring, seasoning and / or aromatizing consumer products.

[0059] The compositions of the present invention preferably comprise from 0.5 to 20 wt% free perfume, more preferably from 0.5 to 12 wt% free perfume.

[0060] Particularly preferred fragrance components are blooming fragrance components and substantive fragrance components. Blooming fragrance components are defined by a boiling point below 250°C and a LogP greater than 2.5. Substantive fragrance components are defined by a boiling point above 250°C and a LogP greater than 2.5. Boiling points are measured at standard pressure (760 mm Hg). Preferably, the fragrance composition will contain a mixture of blooming fragrance components and substantive fragrance components. The fragrance composition may contain other fragrance components.

[0061] It is common for multiple flavor components to be present in free oil flavor compositions. In the compositions used in the present invention, it is envisaged that three or more, preferably four or more, more preferably five or more, most preferably six or more different flavor components will be present. Up to 300 flavor components may be used.

[0062] The composition of the present invention preferably comprises 0.5 to 20 wt% of perfume microcapsules, more preferably 0.5 to 12 wt% of perfume microcapsules. The weight of microcapsules is the weight of the supplied material.

[0063] When the perfume component is encapsulated, suitable encapsulating materials may include, but are not limited to, amino plastics, proteins, polyurethanes, polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, polysaccharides, polyamides, polyolefins, gums, silicones, lipids, modified celluloses, polyphosphates, polystyrenes, polyesters or combinations thereof. Particularly preferred materials are amino plastic microcapsules, such as melamine formaldehyde or urea formaldehyde microcapsules.

[0064] The fragrance microcapsules of the present invention may be breakable microcapsules and / or moisture-activated microcapsules. Breakable means that the fragrance microcapsules will break when force is applied. Moisture-activated means that the fragrance is released in the presence of water. The composition of the present invention preferably comprises breakable microcapsules. Moisture-activated microcapsules may additionally be present. Examples of microcapsules that may be breakable include aminoplast microcapsules.

[0065] The fragrance component contained in the microcapsules may comprise odoriferous substances and / or pro-fragrance substances.

[0066] Particularly preferred fragrance components contained in the microcapsules are fragrance-releasing fragrance components and substantial fragrance components. Fragrance-releasing fragrance components are defined by a boiling point below 250°C and a LogP greater than 2.5.

[0067] Preferably, the encapsulated perfume composition comprises at least 20% by weight of the fragrance-releasing perfume ingredient, more preferably at least 30% by weight, and most preferably at least 40% by weight of the fragrance-releasing perfume component. The substantial perfume component is defined by a boiling point above 250° C. and a LogP greater than 2.5. Preferably, the encapsulated perfume composition comprises at least 10% by weight of the substantial perfume component, more preferably at least 20% by weight and most preferably at least 30% by weight of the substantial perfume component. The boiling point is measured at standard pressure (760 mm Hg). Preferably, the perfume composition will comprise a mixture of the fragrance-releasing perfume component and the substantial perfume component. The perfume composition may comprise other perfume components.

[0068] It is common for a plurality of perfume components to be present in the microcapsules. In the compositions used in the present invention, it is envisaged that three or more, preferably four or more, more preferably five or more, and most preferably six or more different perfume components are present in the microcapsules. Up to 300 perfume components may be used.

[0069] The microcapsules may contain perfume components and a carrier for the perfume ingredient, such as zeolite or cyclodextrin.

[0070] Other Ingredients

[0071] The compositions for the purposes described herein may contain other ingredients of fabric conditioner liquids known to those skilled in the art. Among these materials, mention may be made of: defoamers, insect repellents, coloring or tinting dyes, preservatives (e.g., bactericides), antivirals, pH buffers, perfume carriers, hydrotropes, anti-redeposition agents, detergents, polyelectrolytes, shrinkage inhibitors, wrinkle inhibitors, antioxidants, dyes, colorants, sunscreens, corrosion inhibitors, drape-imparting agents, antistatic agents, chelating agents, and ironing aids. The products of the invention may contain pearlescent agents and / or sunscreens. A preferred chelating agent is HEDP, an abbreviation for etidronic acid or 1-hydroxyethane 1,1-diphosphonic acid.

[0072] Form of composition

[0073] The composition is non-aqueous, but some water may be present. Preferably less than 20% by weight water, more preferably less than 10% by weight water, and most preferably less than 5% by weight water.

[0074] The compositions described herein are preferably isotropic liquids. In isotropic liquids, there are no visible particles and no light scattering. Isotropic liquids can be confirmed by turbidity. Turbidity can be measured using a turbidimeter, such as Turbiquant 1500T, from Merck. Preferably, the turbidity measurement value of the composition is less than 2, more preferably less than 1.5, and most preferably less than 1.3 NTU (nephelometric turbidity units).

[0075] use

[0076] The compositions described herein are preferably used in the rinse stage of a laundry process. The compositions may be dosed into the laundry process using a measuring cap, a pipette, a dropper or any other suitable dosing device. Preferably, the compositions are dosed into the rinse stage of a laundry process.

[0077] The concentrated compositions described herein are used as so-called diluted household products.

[0078] If used in unit dose capsules, the compositions described herein can be packaged as a unit dose in a water soluble polymer film which can be diluted with water prior to use in the laundry process.

[0079] A diluted household product means that the composition is sold to the consumer in concentrated form (as described herein), and the consumer dilutes the product at home. The dilution is with water. For example, a consumer can pour a concentrated product (as described herein) into a container of water to prepare a more diluted product. Dilution allows the consumer to follow their normal dosing habits. If the composition is used as a diluted household product, the consumer is preferably instructed to dilute using a dilution ratio of the non-aqueous concentrated liquid fabric conditioner composition to water of 1:2 to 1:20, more preferably 1:3 to 1:12.

[0080] The consumer may preferably be instructed to shake well before use. This is particularly preferred if fragrance microcapsules are present in the composition.

[0081] Dilution with water before addition to the laundry process means before adding the product to the washing machine or to a container for hand washing, ie the consumer dilutes the product and then adds it to the drum or drawer of the washing machine or to a container for hand washing.

[0082] Production method

[0083] The compositions described herein are preferably prepared by melting the ester-linked quaternary ammonium compound in the presence of a solvent as defined herein. To melt the ester-linked quaternary ammonium, the ester-linked quaternary ammonium compound and the solvent are preferably heated to a temperature above 45° C., more preferably above 50° C., and most preferably about 55° C. Any perfume ingredients or other ingredients present in the final composition may be added at any stage; prior to heating, or at elevated temperature, or after the composition has cooled.

[0084] Example

[0085] Embodiment 1:

[0086] The effects of various solvents in the example compositions of Table 1 are compared.

[0087] Table 1: Example compositions

[0088] wt.% active substance <![CDATA[Ester-linked quaternary ammonium compounds 1 > 60 <![CDATA[Solvent 2 > 34 Fragrance Oil 6

[0089] Ester-linked quaternary ammonium compounds 1 -TEA quaternary ammonium compound according to formula (I) above

[0090] Solvents 2 - As defined in Tables 2 and 3

[0091] The example compositions were all prepared according to the following method. The ester-linked quaternary ammonium compound, solvent and fragrance oil were heated together with stirring to a temperature of 60° C. Once thoroughly mixed, the composition was cooled to ambient temperature.

[0092] The compositions were left overnight at ambient temperature and a visual observation was made of each composition the next day. The results are provided in Tables 2 and 3.

[0093] Table 2: Hydrocarbon Solvents

[0094]

[0095] Table 3: Solvents

[0096]

[0097]

[0098] As shown in Tables 2 and 3, the solvents described herein provide liquid non-aqueous fabric conditioners, while other solvents produce solidified products.

[0099] Embodiment 2:

[0100] The effects of ingredient concentrations in the example compositions were compared and the results are provided in Table 4. All compositions were prepared as described in Example 1. The compositions were left overnight at ambient conditions before observations were made.

[0101] Table 4: Example compositions

[0102]

[0103]

[0104] Table 4 demonstrates that the solvents described herein can produce stable, clear, isotropic formulations over a range of compositions.

Claims

1. A method of using a non-aqueous concentrated liquid fabric conditioner composition comprising: a) 25 to 85 weight percent of an ester-linked quaternary ammonium compound; and b) a solvent selected from the group consisting of: i. a hydrocarbon containing 5 to 19 carbon atoms; and ii. hydrocarbons containing 5 to 19 carbon atoms and having a pressure greater than 16.5 MPa 1 / 2 δ D Dispersion parameters and 2.5 to 8 MPa 1 / 2 δ P mixtures of solvents with different polarity parameters; c) less than 20% by weight water; and d) aromatic oils; wherein the composition is packaged as a unit dose in a water-soluble polymer film; and wherein the composition is diluted with water prior to addition to a laundry process, and wherein the composition is diluted with water at a dilution ratio of non-aqueous concentrated liquid fabric conditioner composition to water of 1:2 to 1:

20. 2 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises 5 to 80 wt % of the solvent (b).

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the composition comprises a solvent selected from the group consisting of: i. a hydrocarbon containing 5 to 19 carbon atoms; and ii. hydrocarbons containing 5 to 19 carbon atoms and having a pressure greater than 18 MPa 1 / 2 δ D Dispersion parameters and 2.5 to 8 MPa 1 / 2 δ P Polarity parameters of solvent mixtures.

4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the composition comprises a solvent selected from the group consisting of: i. a hydrocarbon containing 5 to 19 carbon atoms; and ii. hydrocarbons containing 5 to 19 carbon atoms and having a pressure greater than 16.5 MPa 1 / 2 δ D Dispersion parameters and 4.5 to 7 MPa 1 / 2 δ P Polarity parameters of solvent mixtures.

5. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the composition comprises a solvent selected from the group consisting of: i. a hydrocarbon containing 5 to 19 carbon atoms; and ii. hydrocarbons containing 5 to 19 carbon atoms and having a pressure greater than 18 MPa 1 / 2 δ D Dispersion parameters and 4.5 to 7 MPa 1 / 2 δ P Polarity parameters of solvent mixtures.

6. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the composition further comprises 0.5 to 20 wt% of fragrance microcapsules.

7. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the composition is isotropic.

8. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the composition has a turbidity measurement of less than 2 NTU.

9. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the hydrocarbon comprises 5 to 15 carbon atoms.

10. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the hydrocarbon is saturated.

11. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the composition comprises 20 to 70 wt% of the solvent.

12. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the composition comprises 25 to 65 wt% of the solvent.

13. A process for preparing a non-aqueous concentrated liquid fabric conditioner composition according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the ester-linked quaternary ammonium compound and the solvent are heated together to a temperature above 45°C.

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