Livestock ration and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of animal husbandry feed processing, and in particular to a livestock diet and a preparation method thereof. The livestock diet is prepared from the following raw materials: southern alfalfa, camphor, corn, soybean meal, rapeseed meal, bran, calcium hydrogen phosphate, lysine, methionine, stone powder, salt and an additive premix; fresh camphor leaves are blanched, dried and crushed to obtain camphor leaf powder; the camphor leaf powder is sieved through a 0.45mm mesh, southern alfalfa, camphor, corn, soybean meal, rapeseed meal, bran, calcium hydrogen phosphate, lysine, methionine, stone powder, salt and the additive premix are mixed to obtain a mixture, lactic acid bacteria are added to the mixture, water is added, and the water content is adjusted to obtain the livestock diet. The prepared livestock diet has the advantages of moderate water content, storage resistance, and not easy to become rancid, and the utilization rate of the diet components is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of livestock feed processing, and in particular to a livestock ration and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Cinnamomum camphora belongs to the genus Cinnamomum of the Lauraceae family and is a precious raw material in the fields of daily chemicals, medicine and food. Total mixed ration is a feed made according to the nutritional needs of ruminant livestock at different growth and development stages. Adding Cinnamomum camphora leaves to the total mixed ration has the effect of improving livestock immunity; however, the total mixed ration has a high moisture content, is not resistant to storage, is easy to rancid, and has a low utilization rate of the ration ingredients. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a livestock diet and a preparation method thereof, aiming to solve the technical problems in the prior art that the fully mixed diet has a high moisture content, is not resistant to storage, is easy to become rancid, and causes a waste of resources.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the livestock diet used in the present invention is prepared by including the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0005] 278 parts of alfalfa, 30 parts of camphor, 358 parts of corn, 113 parts of soybean meal, 60 parts of rapeseed meal, 119 parts of bran, 9 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 3 parts of lysine, 2 parts of methionine, 8 parts of stone powder, 5 parts of salt and 15 parts of additive premix.

[0006] The additive premix comprises 300 mg of copper, 4000 mg of iron, 1700 mg of zinc, 1100 mg of manganese, vitamin A and vitamin D3.

[0007] The present invention also provides a method for preparing a livestock diet, and the preparation of the livestock diet comprises the following steps:

[0008] Drying the fresh leaves of Cinnamomum camphora at a temperature of 80° C. and crushing the fresh leaves of Cinnamomum camphora to obtain Cinnamomum camphora leaf powder;

[0009] After the camphor leaf powder is passed through a 0.45 mm mesh sieve, 278 parts of alfalfa, 30 parts of the camphor leaf powder, 358 parts of corn, 113 parts of soybean meal, 60 parts of rapeseed meal, 119 parts of bran, 9 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 3 parts of lysine, 2 parts of methionine, 8 parts of stone powder, 5 parts of salt and 15 parts of the additive premix are mixed to obtain a mixture;

[0010] One portion of lactic acid bacteria was added to the mixture, and water was added to adjust the water content to 55-60% to prepare the livestock diet.

[0011] Wherein, before the step of drying the fresh camphor leaves at a drying temperature of 80° C. and crushing the fresh camphor leaves to obtain camphor leaf powder:

[0012] The fresh leaves of Cinnamomum camphora are withered at a temperature of 105°C.

[0013] Wherein, after adding 1 portion of lactic acid bacteria to the mixture, adding water, and adjusting the water content to 55-60%, to prepare the livestock diet:

[0014] The livestock diet is put into a vacuum bag, and after vacuuming, compacting and sealing the livestock diet, the bag is placed indoors and stored away from light for 45 days before being opened;

[0015] The livestock diets were tested.

[0016] Wherein, in the step of testing the livestock diet:

[0017] The livestock diet after fermentation for 45 days was thoroughly mixed, and the sample was weighed and placed in a conical flask. After adding 180 mL of deionized water, the sample was extracted in a refrigerator at a temperature of 4°C for 24 h.

[0018] The extracted samples were filtered using three layers of clean gauze and qualitative filter paper, and appropriate amounts of the filtrate were taken to determine pH, soluble carbohydrates, and antioxidant capacity;

[0019] Take an appropriate amount of fresh livestock rations to measure dry matter, crude fat, calcium content, crude ash, medium acid detergent fiber nutritional components and quality indicators;

[0020] Weigh 10 g of the livestock diet into a conical flask and add 90 mL of physiological saline for microbial testing.

[0021] The present invention discloses a livestock diet and a preparation method thereof. The livestock diet comprises alfalfa, camphor, corn, soybean meal, rapeseed meal, bran, calcium hydrogen phosphate, lysine, methionine, stone powder, salt and an additive premix; fresh camphor leaves are dried at a drying temperature of 80° C., and the fresh camphor leaves are crushed to obtain camphor leaf powder, and the camphor leaf powder is pulverized at 0.45 The mixture is sieved through a sieve of mm mesh, 278 parts of alfalfa, 30 parts of camphor leaf powder, 358 parts of corn, 113 parts of soybean meal, 60 parts of rapeseed meal, 119 parts of bran, 9 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 3 parts of lysine, 2 parts of methionine, 8 parts of stone powder, 5 parts of salt and 15 parts of the additive premix are mixed to obtain a mixture, 1 part of lactic acid bacteria is added to the mixture, and water is added to adjust the water content to 55-60% to obtain the livestock diet. The livestock diet has the advantages of moderate water content, storage resistance and non-susceptibility to rancidity, and improves the utilization rate of the diet ingredients. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. It is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0023] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the steps of the livestock diet preparation method of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 It is a flow chart of the steps of detecting livestock diets of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 It is a line graph of crude protein levels of livestock diets with different added contents of camphor oil of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 4 It is a line graph of dry matter levels of livestock diets with different added contents of camphor oil of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 5 It is a line graph of the acid detergent fiber level of livestock diets with different added contents of camphor oil of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 6 It is a line graph of the neutral detergent fiber level of livestock diets with different added contents of camphor oil of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 7 It is a line graph of crude fat levels in livestock diets with different added contents of camphor oil of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 8 It is a line graph of crude ash levels of livestock diets with different added contents of camphor oil of the present invention.

[0031] Fig. 9 It is a line graph of Ca levels in livestock diets with different added contents of Cinnamomum camphora of the present invention.

[0032] Fig.10 It is a line graph of P levels of livestock diets with different added contents of Cinnamomum camphora of the present invention.

[0033] Fig.11 It is a line graph of pH levels of livestock diets with different added contents of camphor oil of the present invention.

[0034] Fig.12 It is a line graph of the soluble carbohydrate levels of livestock diets with different added contents of camphor oil of the present invention.

[0035] Fig.13 It is a line graph of ABTS levels of livestock diets with different added contents of Cinnamomum camphora of the present invention.

[0036] Fig.14 It is a line graph of DPPH levels of livestock diets with different added contents of Cinnamomum camphora of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The present invention provides a livestock diet, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0038] 278 parts of alfalfa, 30 parts of camphor, 358 parts of corn, 113 parts of soybean meal, 60 parts of rapeseed meal, 119 parts of bran, 9 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 3 parts of lysine, 2 parts of methionine, 8 parts of stone powder, 5 parts of salt and 15 parts of additive premix.

[0039] Furthermore, the additive premix includes 300 mg of copper, 4000 mg of iron, 1700 mg of zinc, 1100 mg of manganese, vitamin A and vitamin D3.

[0040] In this embodiment, the livestock diet consists of the alfalfa, the camphor leaf powder, the corn, the soybean meal, the rapeseed meal, the bran, the calcium hydrogen phosphate, the lysine, the methionine, the stone powder, the salt and the additive premix, wherein the additive premix consists of 300 mg of copper, 4000 mg of iron, 1700 mg of zinc, 1100 mg of manganese, vitamin A and vitamin D3.

[0041] See also Figure 1 to Figure 14 ,in Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the steps in the method of preparing livestock diets. Figure 2is a flow chart of the steps for testing livestock diets. Figure 3 It is a line graph of crude protein levels in livestock diets with different additions of camphor oil. Figure 4 It is a line graph of the dry matter level of livestock diets with different addition levels of camphor oil. Figure 5 This is a line graph of the acid detergent fiber levels in livestock diets with different levels of camphor oil added. Figure 6 This is a line graph of the neutral detergent fiber level in livestock diets with different levels of camphor oil added. Figure 7 It is a line graph of crude fat levels in livestock diets with different levels of camphor oil added. Figure 8 It is a line graph of crude ash levels in livestock diets with different addition levels of camphor oil. Fig. 9 This is a line graph of the Ca level in livestock diets with different levels of Cinnamomum camphora. Fig.10 It is a line graph of the P level of livestock diets with different addition contents of camphor oil. Fig.11 It is a line graph of the pH level of livestock diets with different addition levels of camphor oil. Fig.12 This is a line graph of soluble carbohydrate levels in livestock diets with different levels of camphor oil added. Fig.13 This is a line graph of ABTS levels in livestock diets with different levels of camphor oil added. Fig.14 It is a line graph of DPPH levels in livestock diets with different levels of Cinnamomum camphora added.

[0042] The present invention also provides a method for preparing a livestock diet, comprising the following steps:

[0043] S1: Fixing the fresh leaves of Cinnamomum camphora at a temperature of 105°C;

[0044] S2: drying the fresh camphor leaves after fixing at a temperature of 80° C., and crushing the fresh camphor leaves to obtain camphor leaf powder;

[0045] S3: After passing the camphor leaf powder through a 0.45 mm mesh sieve, 278 parts of alfalfa, 30 parts of camphor leaf powder, 358 parts of corn, 113 parts of soybean meal, 60 parts of rapeseed meal, 119 parts of bran, 9 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 3 parts of lysine, 2 parts of methionine, 8 parts of stone powder, 5 parts of salt and 15 parts of the additive premix are mixed to obtain a mixture;

[0046] S4: adding 1 part of lactic acid bacteria to the mixture, adding water, and adjusting the water content to 55-60%, to prepare the livestock diet;

[0047] S5: putting the livestock diet into a vacuum bag, vacuuming, compacting, and sealing the livestock diet, placing it indoors, and storing it away from light for 45 days before opening it;

[0048] S6: Testing the livestock diet.

[0049] In this embodiment, the livestock diet consists of the alfalfa, the camphor, the corn, the soybean meal, the rapeseed meal, the bran, the calcium hydrogen phosphate, the lysine, the methionine, the stone powder, the salt and the additive premix; the fresh camphor leaves are blanched at a temperature of 105°C, the fresh camphor leaves are dried at a temperature of 80°C, the fresh camphor leaves are crushed to obtain the camphor leaf powder, and the camphor leaf powder is pulverized at 0.45 mm mesh sieve, 278 parts of alfalfa, 30 parts of camphor leaf powder, 358 parts of corn, 113 parts of soybean meal, 60 parts of rapeseed meal, 119 parts of bran, 9 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 3 parts of lysine, 2 parts of methionine, 8 parts of stone powder, 5 parts of salt and 15 parts of the additive premix are mixed to obtain a mixture, and then 1 part of lactic acid bacteria is added to the mixture, and water is added to adjust the water content to 55-60% to obtain the livestock diet, and the livestock diet is put into a vacuum bag, and the livestock diet is placed indoors after vacuuming, compacting and sealing, and stored in the dark for 45 days before opening, and the livestock diet is tested. The prepared livestock diet has the advantages of moderate water content, storage resistance and not easy to go rancid, thereby preventing waste of resources.

[0050] Furthermore, in the step of testing the livestock diet,

[0051] S61: The livestock diet after fermentation for 45 days was thoroughly mixed, a sample was weighed and placed in a conical flask, 180 mL of deionized water was added, and then the mixture was extracted in a refrigerator at a temperature of 4° C. for 24 h.

[0052] S62: Filter the extracted sample using three layers of clean gauze and qualitative filter paper, and take an appropriate amount of the filtrate to determine the pH value, soluble carbohydrates and antioxidant capacity;

[0053] S63: taking an appropriate amount of the fresh livestock diet to measure the dry matter, crude fat, calcium content, crude ash, and medium acid detergent fiber nutritional components and quality indicators;

[0054] S64: Weigh 10 g of the livestock diet into a conical flask and add 90 mL of saline for microbial testing.

[0055] In this embodiment, the livestock diet after fermentation for 45 days is completely mixed, the sample is weighed and put into a triangular flask, 180 mL of deionized water is added, and then the sample is extracted in a refrigerator at a temperature of 4°C and a time of 24 h. The extracted sample is filtered using three layers of clean gauze and qualitative filter paper, and an appropriate amount of filtrate is taken to determine the pH value, soluble carbohydrates and antioxidant capacity. An appropriate amount of fresh livestock diet is taken to measure dry matter, crude fat, calcium content, crude ash, neutral acid detergent fiber nutritional components and quality indicators. 10 g of the livestock diet is weighed into a triangular flask, and 90 mL of physiological saline is added for microbial detection. Different contents of the camphor in the livestock diet are used as control groups, wherein the camphor content includes 0 parts for group Ck, 0.5 parts for group 1, 1 part for group 2, 2 parts for group 3, 3 parts for group 4, 4 parts for group 5, and 5 parts for group 6, and the following formula ratio table is obtained:

[0056] raw material Ck group (parts) 1 set (serving) 2 sets (portions) 3 sets (portions) 4 sets (portions) 5 sets (portions) 6 sets (portions) Alfalfa 30.8 30.3 29.8 28.8 27.8 26.8 25.8 Cinnamomum camphora 0 0.5 1 2 3 4 5 corn 35.8 35.8 35.8 35.8 35.8 35.8 35.8 Soybean meal 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 Rapeseed Meal 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 Bran 11.9 11.9 11.9 11.9 11.9 11.9 11.9 Calcium Hydrogen Phosphate 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 Lysine 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Methionine 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Stone powder 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 salt 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Additive premix 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5

[0057] At the same time, as shown in the table below, the lactic acid bacteria added during the preparation of the livestock diet containing 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 parts of Cinnamomum camphora leaves are:

[0058] Content of Cinnamomum camphora leaves 0(pieces) 0.5(portion) 1(serving) 2 (servings) 3 (servings) 4 (servings) 5 (servings) Lactic acid bacteria (cfu / g.FM) <![CDATA[2.5×10 4 ]]> <![CDATA[2.1×10 4 ]]> <![CDATA[2.4×10 4 ]]> <![CDATA[2.7×10 4 ]]> <![CDATA[3.5×10 4 ]]> <![CDATA[2.9×10 4 ]]> <![CDATA[3.4×10 4 ]]>

[0059] As shown in the table above, the lactic acid bacteria content in the 0.5 and 1 portions of camphor oil added groups was lower than that in the control group, and the lactic acid bacteria content in the other camphor oil added groups was higher than that in the control group, among which the lactic acid bacteria content in 3 portions of camphor oil leaves was the highest.

[0060] like Figure 3 As shown in the figure, different contents of camphor had a significant effect on the crude protein level of the livestock diet (P < 0.05). With the increase of camphor addition, the crude protein content increased first and then decreased. When the addition of camphor in the 5 groups was 4 parts, the crude protein content gradually decreased. Among the 4 groups, the crude protein content of 3 parts of camphor was the highest, which was significantly higher than that of other groups ( P <0.05), the crude protein content of 5 of the 6 groups supplemented with camphor oil was significantly lower than that of the control CK group ( P <0.05).

[0061] like Figure 4 As shown, different contents of Cinnamomum camphora had a significant effect on the dry matter level of the livestock diet ( P <0.05). The dry matter content showed an overall upward trend with the increase of the amount of camphor added. When the addition amount was 4 in the 5 groups, the dry matter content decreased. The dry matter content of the camphor added groups was higher than that of the control group. Among the 4 groups, the dry matter content of 3 camphor added groups was the highest, which was significantly higher than that of the other groups ( P <0.05).

[0062] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown in the figure, different contents of camphor oil had no significant effect on the levels of acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber in the livestock diet ( P >0.05). With the increase of the amount of camphor added, the acidic and neutral detergent fiber contents had different changing trends. Except for 2 portions, the acidic detergent fiber content of the livestock diets in the other camphor added groups increased compared with the control group. In the change of neutral detergent fiber content, with the addition of camphor, it showed a trend of first increasing, then decreasing, and then increasing, but the neutral detergent fiber content of the treatment groups was higher than that of the control group ( P >0.05).

[0063] like Figure 7 As shown, different contents of Cinnamomum camphora had a significant effect on the crude fat level of the livestock diet ( P <0.05). With the increase of the amount of camphor oil added, the crude fat content of each livestock diet group after fermentation also increased, and the fat content was the highest when the amount of camphor oil added was 5 parts.

[0064] like Figure 8 It can be seen that different contents of Cinnamomum camphora have a significant effect on the crude ash level of the livestock diet ( P <0.05). Except for the 3rd addition, the crude ash content of each camphor oil addition group increased compared with the control group.

[0065] like Fig. 9 It can be seen that different contents of Cinnamomum camphora have a significant effect on the calcium level of the livestock diet ( P <0.05). Except for the addition amount of 0.5, the calcium content of other camphor oil added groups was higher than that of the control group. There was no significant difference among the groups with addition amounts of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5.

[0066] like Fig.10 As shown, different contents of Cinnamomum camphora had a significant effect on the phosphorus level of the livestock diet ( P <0.05). With the increase of the content of camphor oil, the P content showed an irregular change trend. Among them, the P content was the highest when the addition amount was 3 parts.

[0067] like Fig.11 and Fig.12 It can be seen that different contents of Cinnamomum camphora have a significant effect on the pH level of the livestock diet ( P <0.05). The pH value was relatively lowest when the addition amount was 3 parts.

[0068] like Fig.12 It can be seen that different contents of camphor oil have a significant effect on the soluble carbohydrates in the livestock diet ( P <0.05), the soluble carbohydrate content of 0.5 and 4 portions was significantly lower than that of the control group ( P<0.05), the soluble carbohydrate content of the supplemented foods with 1, 2, 3, and 5 portions was significantly higher than that of the control group ( P <0.05); among them, 3 samples had the highest content, which was significantly higher than other groups ( P <0.05).

[0069] like Fig.13 and Fig.14 It can be seen that different contents of camphor tree have a significant effect on the antioxidant activity level (ABTS and DPPH) of the livestock diet ( P <0.05). The ABTS and DPPH indexes were the highest when the addition amount was 3.

[0070] In summary, the lactic acid bacteria contained in the livestock diet with 3 parts of camphor oil added can regulate the intestinal function of livestock, the crude protein can improve the physiological function and metabolic status of livestock, the livestock diet with 3 parts of camphor oil added has high organic matter accumulation and nutritional components, high soluble carbohydrate content, moderate fat, and the livestock diet will not damage the fiber. The livestock diet formula with 3 parts of camphor oil added has the best nutrition and fermentation quality.

[0071] What is disclosed above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it certainly cannot be used to limit the scope of rights of the present invention. Ordinary technicians in this field can understand that all or part of the processes of the above embodiment and equivalent changes made according to the claims of the present invention still fall within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A livestock diet, characterized in that: The method is prepared by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 278 parts of alfalfa, 30 parts of camphor, 358 parts of corn, 113 parts of soybean meal, 60 parts of rapeseed meal, 119 parts of bran, 9 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 3 parts of lysine, 2 parts of methionine, 8 parts of stone powder, 5 parts of salt and 15 parts of additive premix; 1 part of lactic acid bacteria is added to the mixture; wherein the lactic acid bacteria is 3.5×10 4 cfu / g.FM.

2. The livestock diet according to claim 1, characterized in that The additive premix consists of 300 mg of copper, 4000 mg of iron, 1700 mg of zinc, 1100 mg of manganese, vitamin A and vitamin D3.

3. A method for preparing a livestock diet, comprising preparing the livestock diet according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steps include: Drying the fresh leaves of Cinnamomum camphora at a temperature of 80° C. and crushing the fresh leaves of Cinnamomum camphora to obtain Cinnamomum camphora leaf powder; After the camphor leaf powder is passed through a 0.45 mm mesh sieve, 278 parts of alfalfa, 30 parts of the camphor leaf powder, 358 parts of corn, 113 parts of soybean meal, 60 parts of rapeseed meal, 119 parts of bran, 9 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 3 parts of lysine, 2 parts of methionine, 8 parts of stone powder, 5 parts of salt and 15 parts of the additive premix are mixed to obtain a mixture; Add 1 part of lactic acid bacteria to the mixture, add water, and adjust the water content to 55-60% to prepare the livestock diet, wherein the lactic acid bacteria is 3.5×10 4 cfu / g.FM; The livestock diet is put into a vacuum bag, and after vacuuming, compacting and sealing the livestock diet, the bag is placed indoors and stored away from light for 45 days before being opened; The livestock diets were tested.

4. The method for preparing a livestock diet according to claim 3, wherein: Before the step of drying the fresh camphor leaves at a drying temperature of 80° C. and crushing the fresh camphor leaves to obtain camphor leaf powder: The fresh leaves of Cinnamomum camphora are withered at a temperature of 105°C.

5. The method for preparing a livestock diet according to claim 3, wherein: In the step of testing the livestock diet: The livestock diet after fermentation for 45 days was thoroughly mixed, and the sample was weighed and placed in a conical flask. After adding 180 mL of deionized water, the sample was extracted in a refrigerator at a temperature of 4°C for 24 h. The extracted samples were filtered using three layers of clean gauze and qualitative filter paper, and appropriate amounts of the filtrate were taken to determine pH, soluble carbohydrates, and antioxidant capacity; Take an appropriate amount of fresh livestock rations to measure dry matter, crude fat, calcium content, crude ash, medium acid detergent fiber nutritional components and quality indicators; Weigh 10 g of the livestock diet into a conical flask and add 90 mL of physiological saline for microbial testing.

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