An aerobic composting bin for organic fertilizer that requires no turning and results in low nitrogen loss

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of fertilizer preparation technology characterized by biological or biochemical treatment steps, and discloses an aerobic composting chamber for organic fertilizer that requires no turning and has low nitrogen loss. Multiple spaced, plate-shaped composting chambers and acidification / ventilation / water replenishment chambers are created in a polycarbonate greenhouse. The acidification / ventilation / water replenishment chambers rapidly exchange air under the chimney effect, replenishing oxygen to adjacent manure compartments and preventing overheating. Simultaneously, the manure ferments within insulation material in the polycarbonate greenhouse, preventing the manure surface temperature from becoming too low. The manure can only transfer heat and mass with the acidification / ventilation / water replenishment chambers; water and ammonia losses are prevented by the moist acidic filler in the acidification / ventilation / water replenishment chambers, and water is replenished to the manure through capillary infiltration, ensuring a stable and uniform moisture content. The combination of these points ensures that the manure does not require turning, significantly improving production efficiency and reducing nitrogen loss. Furthermore, because no turning is required and fermentation is done in separate chambers, different microbial strains and fermentation parameters can be used in each chamber, adapting to different stages of soil improvement.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fertilizer preparation technology characterized by biological or biochemical treatment steps, and in particular to an aerobic composting bin for organic fertilizer that requires no turning and has low nitrogen loss. Background Technology

[0002] Primary soils refer to soils with a weak degree of development, indistinct soil profile layers, significant parent material characteristics, and a relatively young stage, which are clearly different from zonal soils.

[0003] Initially prepared soil is extremely detrimental to vegetation growth, with the main adverse effects including: 1. Extremely barren, with a severe shortage of nutrients; 2. Extremely poor water and fertilizer retention capacity; 3. The physical structure is unstable and susceptible to wind and water erosion; 4. The plants are subjected to severe physical stress.

[0004] The development of soil in its initial stages can be gradually improved by natural forces, but this process is extremely slow, often taking tens of thousands of years. Artificial intervention can significantly accelerate this process. Current technologies employ a combination of chemical modification and vegetation restoration. By incorporating bentonite and carboxymethyl cellulose, which have binding properties, the soil can quickly acquire a certain water and fertilizer retention capacity, allowing some well-developed root-forming plants to grow. However, the fertility of this improved soil remains limited for a considerable period, necessitating the use of large amounts of organic fertilizer.

[0005] The requirements for organic fertilizers used in soil improvement differ significantly from those in conventional agricultural production. However, existing methods for composting organic fertilizers are not compatible with the organic fertilizer needs for soil improvement. 1. The amount used is enormous, covering an area equivalent to large-scale field cultivation, rather than the small plots of land typically used for organic fertilizer in vegetable gardens or horticulture. To achieve effective soil improvement and establish basic soil functions (structure, fertility, and biological activity) on such a large area of ​​land with extremely poor basic conditions, a very large amount of organic matter must be invested. This scale far exceeds the amount of organic fertilizer used as supplementary fertilizer in well-fertile vegetable gardens or horticultural plots.

[0006] However, existing organic fertilizer fermentation and composting processes require turning the compost pile, which severely impacts production efficiency. In conventional aerobic composting of organic fertilizer, the process relies on aerobic microorganisms. These microorganisms decompose organic matter most efficiently and do not produce unpleasant odors. Inside the compost pile, microbial activity consumes large amounts of oxygen, easily creating an anaerobic environment. This anaerobic environment leads to the dominance of putrefactive bacteria, which decompose slowly and produce foul-smelling gases such as hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, and methane, causing nutrient loss and environmental pollution. Simultaneously, during composting, the internal temperature of the pile is very high, while the surface temperature is relatively low. Without human intervention, the final product will be partially over-composted and partially under-composted. The composting process has strict moisture requirements, generally needing to control the material's moisture content at around 50%-60%. These three factors necessitate turning the compost pile during organic fertilizer fermentation and composting.

[0007] 2. Sufficient nitrogen must be retained; because the initial soil is extremely deficient in nitrogen and cannot obtain nitrogen through mineral weathering, and the initial soil itself is also difficult to retain nitrogen from chemical fertilizers. In the early stages of soil improvement, nitrogen from organic fertilizers is almost the only stable and reliable source of nitrogen. The nitrogen in organic fertilizers mainly exists in organic form (such as protein, amino acids, and microbial biomass nitrogen). This form of nitrogen needs to be mineralized by microorganisms in the soil to be converted into inorganic nitrogen (ammonium salts, nitrates) that plants can utilize. This process is a slow release. Before the soil's nutrient retention capacity is established, the slow-release organic nitrogen provided by organic fertilizers is crucial for initiating soil biological activity and supporting early vegetation growth.

[0008] However, during the existing organic fertilizer fermentation and decomposition process, the high temperature and intense biochemical reaction process cause a large amount of organic nitrogen to be converted into ammonia gas, which is then carried away by the air and lost.

[0009] 3. Fertilizer requirements differ at different stages. In the early stages, it's not necessary to kill weed seeds or fully degrade cellulose. In the early stages of soil improvement, weed seeds and cellulose are beneficial; surviving weed seeds can aid vegetation recovery, while incompletely degraded cellulose and other organic residues are important raw materials for forming soil organic matter, especially stable organic carbon (such as humus). However, in the later stages, the requirements for weed seed and cellulose content become similar to those for conventional organic fertilizers. This necessitates the use of different microbial agents or different fermentation parameters at different stages.

[0010] However, in the existing organic fertilizer fermentation and decomposition process, the need to turn the pile makes it impossible to use different microbial agents or different fermentation parameters at different stages (they are mixed together again after turning).

[0011] Taking the research project on the mechanism and prevention strategies of various types of soil erosion under complex mountainous conditions, as an example, this project requires the improvement of aeolian sandy soil in Pai Town, Milin County, Nyingchi City. The area has various agricultural and forestry wastes that can be used for organic fertilizer preparation, including various types of cow and sheep manure and distiller's grains from a nearby Grand Canyon brewery. However, conventional composting methods for preparing organic fertilizer are inefficient, resulting in low cellulose content in the product, and 40-50% of the nitrogen in the fertilizer is lost. Summary of the Invention

[0012] This invention provides an aerobic composting bin for organic fertilizer that requires no turning and results in low nitrogen loss.

[0013] The technical problem to be solved is that the existing methods for composting organic fertilizer are not compatible with the organic fertilizers needed for soil improvement.

[0014] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: an aerobic composting chamber for organic fertilizer that does not require turning and has low nitrogen loss, used for batch preparation of organic fertilizer required for different stages of soil improvement, including multiple composting chambers for containing compost and acidification aeration and water replenishment chambers for aerating and replenishing the compost, wherein the compost is manure that has been pre-moistened and whose carbon-nitrogen ratio has been adjusted before fermentation. The composting chamber and the acidification aeration and water replenishment chamber are arranged horizontally at intervals, and each composting chamber is in contact with the acidification aeration and water replenishment chamber on both sides. Adjacent composting chambers and acidification aeration and water replenishment chambers are separated by vertically arranged partitions. The top part of the partition is a sealing partition to prevent the exchange of air between the composting chamber and the acidification aeration and water replenishment chamber, and the remaining part is a water-permeable and breathable partition. The acidification ventilation and water replenishment chamber is filled with acidification breathable filler, which is plant powder mixed with starchy organic matter. The acidification breathable filler is moistened by water spraying and inoculated with acid-producing bacteria that use starchy organic matter as a carbon source. Each acidification ventilation and water replenishment chamber is equipped with a water replenishment pipe above it for spraying water onto the acidification breathable filler. The composting chamber and the acidification aeration and water replenishment chamber are set together in the sealed greenhouse. A leachate ditch is set on one side of the sealed greenhouse, perpendicular to each partition, for collecting leachate. The bottom of the acidification aeration and water replenishment chamber is connected to the leachate ditch through the aeration and drainage channel. The top of the sealed greenhouse has an exhaust hole for air entering the acidification aeration and water replenishment chamber from the aeration and drainage channel to flow out from the top with the help of the chimney effect. The upper surface of the manure in the composting chamber is tangent to the sealing partition, and the height of the acidification and aeration packing in the acidification and aeration water replenishment chamber is not lower than that of the manure, so that the manure can only transfer heat and mass with the outside air through the acidification and aeration packing in the acidification and aeration water replenishment chamber. The surface of the manure in the composting chamber that can be exposed to sunlight is covered with acidification and aeration packing that has the function of heat preservation and sun shading.

[0015] Furthermore, the dimension of the composting chamber perpendicular to the partition is no more than 40 cm, and the dimension of the acidification aeration and water replenishment chamber perpendicular to the partition is no less than 5 cm.

[0016] Furthermore, the sealed greenhouse is a polycarbonate greenhouse with a sunny slope at the top and rectangular walls on all four sides. In the polycarbonate greenhouse, the roof and the side wall on the sunny side are integrally formed and detachable polycarbonate panels, which are referred to as the polycarbonate roof. The other three walls are insulated walls. The leachate trench is located near the side wall composed of polycarbonate panels and is covered with a tarpaulin or rainproof cover.

[0017] Furthermore, the sealing partition and the water-permeable and breathable partition are formed by laying different skins at different positions on the same steel mesh. The skin on the steel mesh at the sealing partition position is iron sheet welded to the steel mesh, and the skin on the steel mesh at the water-permeable and breathable partition position is corrosion-resistant chemical fiber non-woven fabric tied to the steel mesh; both the steel mesh and the iron sheet are treated with anti-corrosion measures.

[0018] Furthermore, the steel mesh is anchored to the foundation and fixedly connected to the insulation wall. The top of the steel mesh has a sealing strip that fits tightly against the top cover of the polycarbonate panel, supports the top cover of the polycarbonate panel, and ensures that the air at the top of the composting chamber and the acidification ventilation and water replenishment chamber is not connected. The surface of the insulation wall that contacts the polycarbonate panel is also provided with a sealing strip.

[0019] Furthermore, the composting bin is equipped with a discharge bag for convenient unloading of the composted manure. The discharge bag is a snakeskin woven cloth bag with an open top and one side near the leachate ditch, and has a rope handle on the side away from the leachate ditch.

[0020] Furthermore, the acid-producing bacteria include acid-resistant Aspergillus niger and acetic acid bacteria, the wood powder is one or more of sawdust, wood shavings, bagasse, logging residue powder, and straw powder, and the starchy organic matter includes distiller's grains and / or aged grain powder. On a dry weight basis, the starchy organic matter content in the acidified breathable filler is 5-9%.

[0021] Furthermore, the water supply pipe is a micro-spray belt parallel to the top of the sealed greenhouse and set below the top of the sealed greenhouse. The leachate ditch is equipped with a circulating sewage pump for replenishing the filtered leachate back to the acidification and ventilation water supply chamber along the water supply pipe. The surface of the aerobic composting chamber and the walls of the leachate ditch are treated to prevent leakage. A straw mat layer for ventilation is laid under the manure, and the bottom of the acidification and ventilation water supply chamber has an elevated permeable floor. The permeable floor is a grid plate covered with corrosion-resistant chemical fiber non-woven fabric.

[0022] Compared with existing technologies, the aerobic composting bin for organic fertilizer that requires no turning and results in low nitrogen loss has the following advantages: In this invention, multiple spaced, plate-shaped composting chambers and acidification, aeration, and water replenishment chambers are constructed within a polycarbonate greenhouse. The acidification, aeration, and water replenishment chambers, open at the top and bottom and loosely permeable, rapidly exchange air due to the chimney effect caused by fermentation heat, quickly replenishing oxygen to the manure in adjacent composting chambers and preventing overheating. Simultaneously, the manure ferments within the polycarbonate greenhouse, buried in insulating material (acidification and aeration filler), preventing the manure surface temperature from becoming too low. Sealed partitions and permeable partitions ensure that the manure in the composting chambers can only interact with the acidification, aeration, and water replenishment chambers. Heat and mass transfer are achieved, and instead of directly adding water to the manure, water is added to the acidification, ventilation, and water supply chamber to ensure that its internal packing material is moist. Ammonia gas that overflows from the manure is absorbed by the acidic packing material in the acidification, ventilation, and water supply chamber without causing nitrogen loss. The moist packing material in the acidification, ventilation, and water supply chamber also prevents the water in the manure from being lost in the form of water vapor (because the local relative air humidity is 100%, it cannot evaporate), and can also controllably add water to the manure through capillary infiltration (without adding too much water due to direct watering), thereby ensuring that the moisture content of the manure remains stable and uniform at all times. The combination of the above points ensures that the manure can maintain a uniform temperature, suitable moisture content, and adequate oxygen without needing to be turned over, significantly improving production efficiency and reducing nitrogen loss. At the same time, since there is no need to turn the manure and it is fermented in separate compartments, different strains of bacteria and fermentation parameters can be used in each compartment, thus adapting to different stages of soil improvement. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an aerobic composting bin for organic fertilizer that requires no turning and has low nitrogen loss, according to the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an aerobic composting bin for organic fertilizer that requires no turning and has low nitrogen loss, taken from a cross section perpendicular to the retaining wall during the preparation of organic fertilizer according to the present invention. In the diagram, 1-insulation wall, 2-sunlight panel top cover, 21-ventilation hole, 3-composting chamber, 4-acidification ventilation and water replenishment chamber, 51-sealing partition, 52-water-permeable and breathable partition, 6-water replenishment pipe, 7-leachate ditch, 8-manure, 9-acidification and breathable filler. Detailed Implementation

[0024] Taking the research project on the mechanism and prevention strategies of various types of soil erosion under complex mountainous conditions, which proposes to use this invention for soil improvement, as an example, this invention is used to prepare organic fertilizers for different stages of aeolian soil improvement. The raw materials are cow and sheep manure collected from nearby farmers and livestock farms, as well as distiller's grains from the Grand Canyon Brewery. This invention is a relatively universal fermentation device that can be applied to organic fertilizers used in various stages. In addition, there is a specially modified version specifically for the early stage of aeolian soil improvement.

[0025] like Figure 1-2As shown, an aerobic composting chamber 3 for organic fertilizer that does not require turning and has low nitrogen loss is used to prepare organic fertilizer required for different stages of soil improvement in batches. It includes multiple composting chambers 3 for containing manure 8 for composting and acidification aeration and water replenishment chambers 4 for aerating and replenishing manure 8. Manure 8 is manure that has been pre-moistened and adjusted for carbon-nitrogen ratio before fermentation. In this embodiment, cow or sheep manure with a moisture content of 50-60% is used as manure 8. If pig manure, chicken manure, or other manure with high nitrogen content is used as manure 8, some straw or other raw materials should be added to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio. A suitable carbon-nitrogen ratio is approximately 25:1. In this invention, water is not directly added to the manure 8. Instead, water loss is prevented and capillary water replenishment is used to maintain its initial moisture content. Therefore, the moisture content should be controlled at a suitable level, such as 50%-60%, at the beginning.

[0026] The composting chamber 3 and the acidification aeration and water replenishment chamber 4 are arranged at intervals along the horizontal direction, and each composting chamber 3 is in contact with the acidification aeration and water replenishment chamber 4 on both sides. Adjacent composting chambers 3 and acidification aeration and water replenishment chambers 4 are separated by vertically arranged partitions. Among the partitions, the top part is a sealing partition 51 to prevent the exchange of air between the composting chamber 3 and the acidification aeration and water replenishment chamber 4, and the remaining part is a water-permeable and breathable partition 52. The partition here is designed to work with the sealed greenhouse and the filling height of the manure 8 to ensure that the composting chamber 3 can only transfer heat and mass with the acidification, ventilation and water replenishment chamber 4. In this way, the overflowing ammonia gas will be absorbed, and at the same time, due to the presence of water-saturated air in the acidification, ventilation and water replenishment chamber 4, the manure 8 will also be prevented from evaporating and losing water.

[0027] The acidification and ventilation water supply chamber 4 is filled with acidification and ventilation packing 9. The acidification and ventilation packing 9 is plant powder mixed with starchy organic matter. The acidification and ventilation packing 9 is moistened by water spray and inoculated with acid-producing bacteria that use starchy organic matter as a carbon source. Each acidification and ventilation water supply chamber 4 is equipped with a water supply pipe 6 for spraying water onto the acidification and ventilation packing 9. The composting chamber 3 and the acidification aeration and water replenishment chamber 4 are set together in the sealed greenhouse. A leachate ditch 7 is set on one side of the sealed greenhouse, perpendicular to each partition, for collecting leachate. The bottom of the acidification aeration and water replenishment chamber 4 is connected to the leachate ditch 7 through a ventilation and drainage channel (which can be a pipe). The top of the sealed greenhouse has an exhaust hole 21 for allowing air entering the acidification aeration and water replenishment chamber 4 from the ventilation and drainage channel to flow out from the top with the help of the chimney effect. The acidified, aerated, and hydrated chamber 4, which is breathable from top to bottom and has a loose internal structure, will spontaneously generate airflow due to the heat generated during fermentation, thereby replenishing oxygen inside the manure 8 and preventing overheating. The heat carried away will first be transported to the upper cavity to maintain the internal air temperature, and then gradually discharged.

[0028] The upper surface of the manure 8 in the composting chamber 3 is tangent to the sealing partition 51, and the height of the acidification and ventilation filling material 9 in the acidification and ventilation water replenishment chamber 4 is not lower than that of the manure 8, so that the manure 8 can only transfer heat and mass with the outside air through the acidification and ventilation filling material 9 in the acidification and ventilation water replenishment chamber 4. The surface of the manure 8 in the composting chamber 3 that can be exposed to sunlight is covered with acidification and ventilation filling material 9, which has the function of heat preservation and sun shading.

[0029] In this embodiment, the top and south facade of the manure 8 need to be covered with acidified and breathable filler 9. When filling the manure 8, it should be gradually filled from the inside out. When filling the last part, the south facade should be slightly sloped, and after sloping, acidified and breathable filler 9 should be sprinkled on the slope, and simultaneously sprinkled on the top. This portion of acidified and breathable filler 9 only needs to be two centimeters thick.

[0030] In this embodiment, the dimension of the composting chamber 3 perpendicular to the partition is no more than 40 cm. If it is too thick, heat will accumulate inside the manure 8 and oxygen will be lacking. The dimension of the acidification, aeration, and water replenishment chamber 4 perpendicular to the partition is no less than 5 cm, which ensures sufficient air circulation space.

[0031] The sealed greenhouse is a polycarbonate greenhouse with a sunny slope at the top and rectangular walls on all four sides. In the polycarbonate greenhouse, the roof and the side wall on the sunny side are integrally formed and detachable polycarbonate panels, which are referred to as polycarbonate roof 2. The other three walls are insulated walls 1. This structure makes full use of sunlight, ensures ample interior space, and effectively drains water to prevent roof flooding. Furthermore, the polycarbonate panel roof 2 of this structure is designed for easy loading and unloading of materials, therefore it needs to be detachable.

[0032] Note that the insulation wall 1 here should be sealed, for example, by using aerated blocks or aerated concrete, plastering its surface and setting an asphalt waterproof layer.

[0033] The leachate drain 7 is located near the side wall formed by the polycarbonate panels and is covered with a tarpaulin or rainproof cover. If rainwater enters the leachate drain 7, it will overflow and cause various problems, so rain protection is necessary. Alternatively, the leachate drain 7 can be installed inside the polycarbonate greenhouse; however, if this is done, several ventilation pipes leading to the outside will need to be installed on the leachate drain 7.

[0034] The sealing partition 51 and the water-permeable and breathable partition 52 are formed by laying different skins at different positions on the same steel mesh. The skin on the steel mesh at the sealing partition 51 position is iron sheet welded to the steel mesh, and the skin on the steel mesh at the water-permeable and breathable partition 52 position is corrosion-resistant chemical fiber non-woven fabric tied to the steel mesh (currently, any common chemical fiber non-woven fabric on the market can be used); both the steel mesh and the iron sheet are treated with anti-corrosion measures.

[0035] Note that when performing anti-corrosion treatment here, it is advisable to spray a thick layer of epoxy paint, and galvanizing should not be used for rust prevention. Alternatively, acid-resistant stainless steel can be used directly.

[0036] The steel mesh is anchored to the foundation and fixedly connected to the insulation wall 1. The top of the steel mesh has a sealing strip that fits tightly with the polycarbonate sheet top cover 2, which is used to support the polycarbonate sheet top cover 2 and ensure that the air at the top of the composting chamber 3 and the acidification ventilation and water replenishment chamber 4 is not connected. The surface of the insulation wall 1 that contacts the polycarbonate sheet is also provided with a sealing strip.

[0037] The steel mesh itself has sufficient strength to support the polycarbonate sheet, thus eliminating the need for additional purlins and allowing for easy removal for material loading and unloading.

[0038] The composting bin 3 is equipped with a discharge bag for easy unloading of the composted manure 8. The discharge bag is a snake-skin woven cloth bag with an open top and one side near the leachate ditch 7 (snake-skin woven cloth is the kind of cloth used to make snake-skin bags and tarpaulins), and has a rope handle on the side away from the leachate ditch 7.

[0039] The structure here ensures that unloading can be done quickly and cleanly. Of course, the same structure can also be used in the acidification aeration and water replenishment tank 4. The filler in the acidification aeration and water replenishment tank 4 also needs to be unloaded as fertilizer after long-term use.

[0040] In this embodiment, the acid-producing bacteria include acid-resistant Aspergillus niger, which mainly plays a saccharification role, and acetic acid bacteria, which produce acetic acid. The wood powder is one or more of sawdust, wood shavings, bagasse, logging residue powder, and straw powder (it only needs to not rot quickly and be sufficiently breathable). The starchy organic matter includes distiller's grains and / or aged grain powder. On a dry weight basis, the starchy organic matter content in the acidified breathable filler 9 is 5-9%. This ratio can generate enough acidity to meet the requirements for intercepting ammonia.

[0041] It is not advisable to replace starchy organic matter with organic matter containing soluble sugars here, otherwise it will be washed away after spraying water.

[0042] The water supply pipe 6 is a micro-spraying strip (one end blocked, with rows of small holes on the side) installed parallel to the top of the sealed greenhouse and below the top of the sealed greenhouse. The leachate ditch 7 is equipped with a circulating sewage pump (a filter device, such as a multi-layer filter screen, should be installed at the pump inlet) to replenish the filtered leachate back to the acidification aeration water supply chamber 4 along the water supply pipe 6. The surface of the aerobic composting chamber 3 and the walls of the leachate ditch 7 are all treated to prevent leakage. A straw mat layer for ventilation is laid under the manure 8, and the bottom of the acidification aeration water supply chamber 4 has an elevated permeable floor to ensure the chimney effect. The permeable floor is a grid plate covered with corrosion-resistant chemical fiber non-woven fabric.

[0043] The preparation of organic fertilizer using this invention includes the following steps: Step 1: Remove the top cover 2 of the polycarbonate sheet, fill it with manure 8 with adjusted humidity and carbon-nitrogen ratio, and acidified breathable filler 9; If different strains of bacteria are required to ferment manure, they should be inoculated before filling. Step 2: Reinstall the top cover 2 of the polycarbonate sheet and ensure it is sealed (there should be no airflow to the outside except for the ventilation and drainage channels and the exhaust vent 21); Step 3: Regularly operate the circulation pump to water the acidification ventilation and water supply tank 4 to ensure that there is always condensation on the roof above the acidification ventilation and water supply tank 4. If the leachate ditch 7 dries up, replenish water through external channels such as the water supply network. Step 4: After fermentation is complete, unload the fermented manure 8; and after 2-4 cycles of use, replace the acidified aeration and water replenishment packing 9 in the acidified aeration and water replenishment chamber 4. The unloaded acidified aeration packing 9 is used as fertilizer. The timing of replacement depends on the pH value of the acidified aeration packing 9. If it is higher than 5 at the end of fermentation, it must be replaced.

[0044] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An aerobic composting bin (3) for organic fertilizer that requires no turning and has low nitrogen loss, used for the batch preparation of organic fertilizer required at different stages of soil improvement, characterized in that: It includes multiple composting chambers (3) for containing manure (8) for composting and acidification chambers (4) for aerating and watering the manure (8), wherein the manure (8) is manure that has been pre-moistened and has its carbon-nitrogen ratio adjusted before fermentation; The composting chamber (3) and the acidification aeration and water replenishment chamber (4) are arranged horizontally at intervals, and each composting chamber (3) is in contact with the acidification aeration and water replenishment chamber (4) on both sides. Adjacent composting chambers (3) and acidification aeration and water replenishment chambers (4) are separated by vertically arranged partitions. Among the partitions, the top part is a sealing partition (51) to prevent the exchange of air between the composting chamber (3) and the acidification aeration and water replenishment chamber (4), and the remaining part is a water-permeable and breathable partition (52). The acidification ventilation and water replenishment chamber (4) is filled with acidification breathable filler (9), which is a plant powder mixed with starchy organic matter. The acidification breathable filler (9) is moistened by water spray and inoculated with acid-producing bacteria that use starchy organic matter as a carbon source. Each acidification ventilation and water replenishment chamber (4) is provided with a water replenishment pipe (6) for spraying water onto the acidification breathable filler (9). The composting chamber (3) and the acidification aeration and water replenishment chamber (4) are set together in the sealed greenhouse. A leachate ditch (7) is set on one side of the sealed greenhouse, perpendicular to each partition, for collecting leachate. The bottom of the acidification aeration and water replenishment chamber (4) is connected to the leachate ditch (7) through the aeration and drainage channel. The top of the sealed greenhouse has an exhaust hole (21) for air entering the acidification aeration and water replenishment chamber (4) from the aeration and drainage channel to flow out from the top with the help of the chimney effect. The upper surface of the manure (8) in the composting chamber (3) is tangent to the sealing partition (51), and the height of the acidification and ventilation filling material (9) in the acidification and ventilation water replenishment chamber (4) is not lower than that of the manure (8), so that the manure (8) can only transfer heat and mass with the outside air through the acidification and ventilation filling material (9) in the acidification and ventilation water replenishment chamber (4). The surface of the manure (8) in the composting chamber (3) that can be exposed to sunlight is covered with acidification and ventilation filling material (9) that has the function of heat preservation and sun shading.

2. The aerobic composting bin (3) for organic fertilizer that requires no turning and has low nitrogen loss according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dimension of the composting chamber (3) perpendicular to the partition is not more than 40 cm, and the dimension of the acidification aeration and water replenishment chamber (4) perpendicular to the partition is not less than 5 cm.

3. The aerobic composting bin (3) for organic fertilizer that requires no turning and has low nitrogen loss according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sealed greenhouse is a polycarbonate greenhouse with a sunny slope at the top and rectangular walls on all four sides. In the polycarbonate greenhouse, the roof and the side wall on the sunny side are integrally formed and detachable polycarbonate panels, and are referred to as the polycarbonate roof (2). The other three walls are insulated walls (1). The leachate ditch (7) is located near the side wall composed of polycarbonate panels and is covered with a tarpaulin or rainproof cover.

4. The aerobic composting bin (3) for organic fertilizer that requires no turning and has low nitrogen loss according to claim 3, characterized in that: The sealing partition (51) and the water-permeable and breathable partition (52) are formed by laying different skins at different positions on the same steel mesh. The skin on the steel mesh at the sealing partition (51) position is iron sheet welded to the steel mesh, and the skin on the steel mesh at the water-permeable and breathable partition (52) position is corrosion-resistant chemical fiber non-woven fabric tied to the steel mesh. Both the steel mesh and the iron sheet are treated with anti-corrosion measures.

5. The aerobic composting bin (3) for organic fertilizer that requires no turning and has low nitrogen loss according to claim 4, characterized in that: The steel mesh is anchored on the foundation and fixedly connected to the insulation wall (1). The top of the steel mesh has a sealing strip that fits tightly with the polycarbonate sheet top cover (2), supports the polycarbonate sheet top cover (2), and ensures that the air at the top of the composting chamber (3) and the acidification ventilation and water replenishment chamber (4) is not connected. The surface of the insulation wall (1) that contacts the polycarbonate sheet is also provided with a sealing strip.

6. The aerobic composting bin (3) for organic fertilizer that requires no turning and has low nitrogen loss according to claim 3, characterized in that: The composting bin (3) is equipped with a discharge bag for convenient unloading of composted manure (8). The discharge bag is a snakeskin woven cloth bag with an open top and one side near the leachate ditch (7), and a rope handle on the side away from the leachate ditch (7).

7. The aerobic composting bin (3) for organic fertilizer that requires no turning and has low nitrogen loss according to claim 1, characterized in that: The acid-producing bacteria include acid-resistant Aspergillus niger and acetic acid bacteria. The plant powder is one or more of sawdust, wood shavings, bagasse, logging residue powder, and straw powder. The starchy organic matter includes distiller's grains and / or aged grain powder. The starchy organic matter content in the acidified breathable filler (9) is 5-9% by dry weight.

8. The aerobic composting bin (3) for organic fertilizer that requires no turning and has low nitrogen loss according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water supply pipe (6) is a micro-spraying strip parallel to the top of the sealed greenhouse and set below the top of the sealed greenhouse. The leachate ditch (7) is equipped with a circulating sewage pump for replenishing the filtered leachate along the water supply pipe (6) to the acidification ventilation water supply chamber (4). The surface of the aerobic composting chamber (3) and the walls of the leachate ditch (7) are all treated to prevent leakage. A straw mat layer for ventilation is laid under the manure (8), and the bottom of the acidification ventilation water supply chamber (4) has an elevated permeable floor. The permeable floor is a grid plate covered with corrosion-resistant chemical fiber non-woven fabric.

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