Thermal insulation mat and battery module

Abstract

The application provides a heat insulation pad and a battery module, wherein the heat insulation pad comprises an aerogel felt layer and a fireproof layer arranged on at least one surface of the aerogel felt layer; the fireproof layer comprises a porous base body with a plurality of through holes and an expanded material layer distributed on the porous base body, and the expanded material layer comprises inorganic expanded material. According to the application, the fireproof layer is arranged in the heat insulation pad to cooperate with the aerogel felt layer to block heat diffusion, so that the heat exchange is delayed, the heat insulation and fireproof effect of the heat insulation pad is better, and the safety of the heat insulation pad is improved. Meanwhile, the porous base body in the fireproof layer adopts a porous structure, so that the porous base body also has a certain ductility, can effectively prevent the expanded material from being deformed too much to damage the structure of the heat insulation pad, and also reduces the material consumption of the fireproof layer, reduces the overall weight of the heat insulation pad, and simultaneously reduces the cost of the heat insulation pad.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a heat insulation pad and a battery module. Background Technology

[0002] With the widespread application of new energy electric vehicles, issues such as driving range, fast charging, and safety have become the focus of consumer attention. In addition, there have been frequent incidents of electric vehicles catching fire and exploding during charging, driving, or parking, making the safety of electric vehicles a pain point in their promotion.

[0003] Currently, electric vehicle fires mainly occur because thermal runaway occurs in one battery within the battery pack, rapidly spreading to adjacent batteries or the entire battery pack. This can even lead to high-voltage short circuits, external flames, and ultimately, a fire affecting the entire vehicle. Therefore, preventing battery pack fires to improve battery pack safety has become an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Embodiments of this application provide a heat insulation pad and a battery module to improve the safety performance of a battery pack.

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, embodiments of this application disclose the following technical solutions:

[0006] On one hand, a heat insulation pad is provided, comprising: an aerogel felt layer and a fireproof layer, the fireproof layer being disposed on at least one surface of the aerogel felt layer;

[0007] The fireproof layer includes a porous matrix with several through holes and an expansion material layer distributed on the porous matrix, wherein the expansion material layer includes an inorganic expansion material.

[0008] In addition to one or more of the features disclosed above, or alternatively, the average pore area of ​​the porous matrix is ​​1 mm. 2 ~100mm 2 .

[0009] In addition to one or more of the features disclosed above, or alternatively, the porosity of the porous matrix is ​​10% to 90%.

[0010] In addition to one or more of the features disclosed above, or as an alternative, the expansion ratio of the inorganic expandable material is 5 to 300.

[0011] In addition to one or more of the features disclosed above, or as an alternative, the thickness of the porous matrix is ​​3 to 200 μm, and the thickness of the expanded material layer is 3 to 200 μm.

[0012] In addition to one or more of the features disclosed above, or as an alternative, the inorganic expandable material includes one or more composites of expanded graphite, silicate materials, and phosphate materials.

[0013] In addition to one or more of the features disclosed above, or alternatively, the thickness ratio of the fireproof layer to the aerogel felt layer is 0.012 to 0.2.

[0014] In addition to one or more of the features disclosed above, or alternatively, the thickness of the aerogel felt layer is 1.8 to 6.6 mm.

[0015] In addition to one or more of the features disclosed above, or as an alternative, the porous matrix may be made of a metallic material, which may include any one of silver, copper, iron, and aluminum.

[0016] On the other hand, a battery module is further disclosed, which, in addition to one or more of the features disclosed above, or alternatively, includes at least two individual cells and a heat insulation pad as described in any of the above claims, the heat insulation pad being disposed between adjacent individual cells.

[0017] One of the above technical solutions has the following advantages or beneficial effects: By setting a fireproof layer in the heat insulation pad, the fireproof layer and the aerogel felt layer work together to block heat diffusion and interrupt heat exchange, so that the heat insulation pad has a better heat insulation and fireproof effect, improving the safety of the heat insulation pad. At the same time, since the porous matrix in the fireproof layer adopts a porous structure, the porous matrix also has a certain degree of extensibility, which can effectively prevent the expansion material from deforming too much and damaging the structure of the heat insulation pad. It also reduces the amount of material used in the fireproof layer, reduces the overall weight of the heat insulation pad, and simultaneously reduces the cost of the heat insulation pad. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The technical solution and other beneficial effects of this application will become apparent from the following detailed description of specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural view of the heat insulation pad provided according to the embodiments of this application;

[0020] Figure 2 This is an exploded structural diagram of the heat insulation pad provided according to a specific embodiment of this application;

[0021] Figure 3 This is an exploded structural diagram of the fireproof layer provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0022] Figure 4 This is an exploded structural diagram of the heat insulation pad provided according to a specific embodiment two of this application;

[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the heat insulation pad provided according to a specific embodiment three of this application;

[0024] Figure 6 This is an exploded structural diagram of the heat insulation pad provided according to specific embodiment four of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0025] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and beneficial effects of this application clearer, the following detailed description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, further illustrates this application. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described in this specification are merely for explaining this application and are not intended to limit it.

[0026] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," and "counterclockwise," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the stated features. In the description of this application, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0027] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection, a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0028] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature being directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature being directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0029] In existing electric vehicles, batteries may experience internal short circuits due to manufacturing defects, overcharging, or compression, leading to thermal runaway and failure. This can even cause high-voltage short circuits in the battery pack, external open flames, and ultimately, a fire in the entire vehicle. Furthermore, the continuous improvement in battery energy density in existing electrical equipment leads to a decrease in battery safety performance and an increase in the probability of thermal runaway.

[0030] To address the aforementioned issues, embodiments of this application provide a heat insulation pad 100.

[0031] In the embodiments of this application, reference is made to Figures 1 to 6 The heat insulation pad 100 may include: an aerogel felt layer 110 and a fireproof layer 120, wherein the fireproof layer 120 is disposed on at least one surface of the aerogel felt layer 110.

[0032] The fireproof layer 120 includes a porous substrate 121 with a plurality of through holes and an expansion material layer 122 distributed on the porous substrate 121. The porous substrate 121 functions as a carrier, allowing the expansion material layer 122 to be attached to at least one surface of the porous substrate 121, and the expansion material layer 122 includes an inorganic expansion material.

[0033] The fireproof layer 120 being disposed on at least one surface of the aerogel felt layer 110 means that the fireproof layer 120 can be disposed on one of the surfaces of the aerogel felt layer 110 or on two oppositely arranged surfaces of the aerogel felt layer 110. This application does not make specific limitations, as long as it does not affect the technical effect of this application.

[0034] Understandably, when the heat insulation pad 100 in this application is heated, the inorganic expansion material in the expansion material layer 122 distributed on the porous matrix 121 expands with heat to fill the through-pores of the porous matrix 121, so that the fireproof layer 120 forms a complete heat insulation area, which works together with the aerogel felt layer 110 to block heat diffusion and interrupt heat exchange. This gives the heat insulation pad a better heat insulation and fireproof effect, improves the safety of the heat insulation pad, and prevents the aerogel felt layer 110 from being subjected to high temperature for a long time, thus extending the service life of the aerogel felt layer 110. In addition, since the porous matrix 121 adopts a porous structure, the porous matrix also has a certain degree of extensibility, which can effectively prevent the expansion material from deforming too much and damaging the structure of the heat insulation pad. In addition, it also reduces the amount of material used in the fireproof layer 120, reduces the overall weight of the heat insulation pad, and simultaneously reduces the cost of the heat insulation pad.

[0035] In a preferred embodiment of this application, the inorganic expansion material is sprayed onto the surface of the porous substrate 121 to form an expansion material layer 122.

[0036] The fireproof layer 120 can be fixed to the surface of the aerogel felt layer 110 by hot pressing or ultrasonic welding.

[0037] In a specific embodiment of this application, referring to Figure 2 The structure of the heat insulation pad 100 can be as follows: an inorganic expansion material is sprayed onto the surface of a porous substrate 121 to form an expansion material layer 122. The expansion material layer 122 and the porous substrate 121 are combined to form a fireproof layer 120. Multiple fireproof layers 120 are arranged on two opposite surfaces of an aerogel felt layer 110 by hot pressing or ultrasonic welding to form the heat insulation pad 100. At the same time, the fireproof layer 120 and the aerogel felt layer 110 form a sandwich structure, with the aerogel felt layer 110 being the "core" of the sandwich structure.

[0038] In a specific embodiment of this application, referring to Figure 4 The structure of the heat insulation pad 100 can be as follows: an inorganic expansion material is sprayed onto the surface of a porous substrate 121 to form an expansion material layer 122. The expansion material layer 122 and the porous substrate 121 are combined to form a fireproof layer 120. Multiple fireproof layers 120 are arranged on two opposite surfaces of an aerogel felt layer 110 by hot pressing or ultrasonic welding. Multiple aerogel felt layers 110 are then arranged on the fireproof layer 120 by hot pressing or ultrasonic welding. The process is repeated a certain number of times according to actual needs to form the heat insulation pad 100.

[0039] In a specific embodiment three of this application, referring to Figure 5The structure of the heat insulation pad 100 can be as follows: an inorganic expansion material is sprayed onto the surface of a porous substrate 121 to form an expansion material layer 122. The expansion material layer 122 and the porous substrate 121 are combined to form a fireproof layer 120. Multiple aerogel felt layers 110 are respectively arranged on two opposite surfaces of the fireproof layer 120 by hot pressing or ultrasonic welding to form the heat insulation pad 100. At the same time, the fireproof layer 120 and the aerogel felt layer 110 form a sandwich structure, with the fireproof layer 120 being the "core" of the sandwich structure.

[0040] In a specific embodiment four of this application, referring to Figure 6 The structure of the heat insulation pad 100 can be as follows: an inorganic expansion material is sprayed onto the surface of a porous substrate 121 to form an expansion material layer 122. The expansion material layer 122 and the porous substrate 121 are combined to form a fireproof layer 120. Multiple aerogel felt layers 110 are respectively arranged on two opposite surfaces of the fireproof layer 120 by hot pressing or ultrasonic welding. Then, multiple fireproof layers 120 are respectively arranged on the aerogel felt layer 110 by hot pressing or ultrasonic welding. The process is repeated a certain number of times according to actual needs to form the heat insulation pad 100.

[0041] It should be noted that the structure of the heat insulation pad 100 in the above specific embodiments is only an exemplary illustration, and the structure of the heat insulation pad 100 in this application is not limited to the structure described above.

[0042] In the embodiments of this application, the amount of inorganic expansion material required for spraying the expansion material layer 122 can be adjusted by adjusting the size and density of the through holes on the porous substrate 121.

[0043] In some embodiments, the porous substrate 121 can have either circular or square holes. The holes can be distributed on the substrate in the form of a square array or a circular array.

[0044] In some embodiments, the average pore area of ​​the porous substrate 121 is 1 mm. 2 ~100mm 2 That is, the average pore area of ​​the porous substrate 121 can be controlled within 1 mm. 2 ~100mm 2 Within a certain range. For example, the average pore area of ​​the porous substrate 121 can be 1 mm. 2 10mm 2 20mm 2 30mm 2 40mm 2 50mm 2 60mm 2 70mm 2 80mm 2 90mm2 100mm 2 The range is defined as one of, or any two of, the average aperture size. It is worth noting that the specific values ​​for the average aperture size given above are merely illustrative; any value within 1 mm is acceptable. 2 ~100mm 2 Any value within the range is within the protection scope of this application. In this application, the average pore area of ​​the porous substrate 121 is controlled to be 1 mm. 2 ~100mm 2 Within the specified range, the weight of the porous substrate 121 is reduced while ensuring the excellent fireproof and heat insulation effect of the fireproof layer 120, thereby reducing costs.

[0045] Specifically, the porosity of the porous substrate 121 is 10% to 90%. That is, the porosity of the porous substrate 121 can be controlled within the range of 10% to 80%. For example, the porosity of the porous substrate 121 can be one or any combination of 10%, 25%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, and 90%. It is worth noting that the specific values ​​of the porosity mentioned above are only illustrative examples, and any value within the range of 40% to 80% is within the protection scope of this application. By controlling the porosity of the porous substrate 121 within the range of 40% to 80%, this application ensures the excellent fireproof and heat insulation effect of the fireproof layer 120 while reducing the weight of the porous substrate 121, thereby reducing costs. At the same time, the amount of inorganic expandable material sprayed can be adjusted to further reduce costs. The porosity can be controlled by the distribution density of the pores.

[0046] In some embodiments, the expansion ratio of the inorganic expandable material is 5 to 300. For example, the expansion ratio can be one of 5, 50, 80, 180, or 300, or any combination of both. The expansion ratio refers to the ratio of the volume of the material after expansion to its volume before expansion. When the expansion ratio of the inorganic expandable material is within the above values, it can effectively fill the pores of the porous matrix, further improving the thermal insulation performance of the heat insulation pad.

[0047] In some embodiments of this application, the thickness of the porous substrate 121 is 3–200 μm. That is, the thickness of the porous substrate 121 can be controlled within the range of 3–200 μm. For example, the thickness of the porous substrate 121 can be one or a combination of any two of the following: 3 μm, 20 μm, 40 μm, 60 μm, 80 μm, 100 μm, 120 μm, 140 μm, 160 μm, 180 μm, or 200 μm. It is worth noting that the specific values ​​of the thickness mentioned above are merely illustrative, and any value within the range of 3–200 μm is within the protection scope of this application. This application controls the thickness of the porous substrate 121 within the range of 3 to 200 μm. When using the porous substrate 121 within the above thickness range, a fireproof layer 120 with an appropriate thickness can be manufactured. The fireproof layer 120 is thick enough to effectively provide fireproof and heat insulation, while also not so thick as to occupy too much space, thus improving the practicality of the heat insulation pad.

[0048] Furthermore, the thickness of the expanded material layer 122 is 3–200 μm. That is, the thickness of the expanded material layer 122 can be controlled within the range of 3–200 μm. For example, the thickness of the expanded material layer 122 can be one or a combination of any two of the following: 3 μm, 20 μm, 40 μm, 60 μm, 80 μm, 100 μm, 120 μm, 140 μm, 160 μm, 180 μm, or 200 μm. It is worth noting that the specific values ​​of the thickness mentioned above are merely illustrative, and any value within the range of 3–200 μm is within the scope of protection of this application. This application controls the thickness of the intumescent material layer 122 to within the range of 3 to 200 μm. When using the intumescent material layer 122 within the above thickness range, a fireproof layer 120 with an appropriate thickness can be manufactured. The fireproof layer 120 is thick enough to effectively provide fireproof and heat insulation, while also not so thick as to occupy too much space, thus improving the practicality of the heat insulation pad.

[0049] In the embodiments of this application, the inorganic expanded material includes, but is not limited to, one or more composites of expanded graphite, silicate materials, and phosphate materials. Expanded graphite (EG) is a loose, porous, worm-like material obtained by intercalation, washing, drying, and high-temperature expansion of natural graphite flakes. Besides possessing the excellent properties of natural graphite, such as resistance to cold and heat, corrosion resistance, and self-lubrication, EG also exhibits properties not found in natural graphite, such as softness, compression resilience, adsorption, ecological compatibility, biocompatibility, and radiation resistance. Silicate materials include at least one of potassium silicate, potassium aluminum silicate, magnesium silicate, and calcium aluminum silicate. Phosphate materials include at least one of ammonium phosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and sodium dihydrogen phosphate. By employing the aforementioned inorganic expanded materials, this application ensures that the heat insulation pad does not produce smoke or toxic gases during fireproofing and heat insulation, further enhancing the safety of the heat insulation pad. In some embodiments, the expanded material layer may further include an organosilicon material, which includes at least one of polymethylsiloxane (PDMS), silane crosslinked polymers, and silicon-based polymers.

[0050] In the embodiments of this application, the thickness ratio of the fireproof layer 120 to the aerogel felt layer 110 is 0.012 to 0.2. The aerogel layer can absorb the stress caused by the thermal expansion of inorganic expanding materials, ensuring the stability of the heat insulation pad structure. Controlling the thickness ratio of the fireproof layer to the aerogel layer within the above range can further ensure that the expansion stress generated by the fireproof layer when heated is completely absorbed, preventing severe deformation or damage to the heat insulation pad.

[0051] In the embodiments of this application, the thickness of the aerogel felt layer 110 is 1.8–6.6 mm. That is, the thickness of the aerogel felt layer 110 can be controlled within the range of 0.5–5 mm. For example, the thickness of the aerogel felt layer 110 can be one or any combination of 1.8 mm, 1 mm, 1.2 mm, 1.4 mm, 1.6 mm, 1.8 mm, 2 mm, 5 mm, and 6.6 mm. It is worth noting that the specific values ​​of the thickness mentioned above are only given as examples, and any value within the range of 0.5–2 mm is within the protection scope of this application.

[0052] In the embodiments of this application, the porous substrate 121 may be made of metallic or non-metallic materials. The metallic materials include, but are not limited to, any one of gold, silver, copper, iron or aluminum, and the non-metallic materials include, but are not limited to, any one of mica or ceramics.

[0053] In some embodiments, the porous substrate 121 is made of ceramic material, and the thermal conductivity of the ceramic material is not greater than 0.023 W / (m·K). When a single cell generates heat at high temperature due to physical or chemical reasons, the low thermal conductivity ceramic material can block the heat diffusion, prevent abnormalities in adjacent single cells, and improve the safety performance of the entire battery module.

[0054] On the other hand, this application also provides a battery module, including at least two individual battery cells and a thermal insulation pad as described above, wherein the thermal insulation pad is disposed between adjacent individual battery cells. The presence of the thermal insulation pad can prevent adjacent individual battery cells from experiencing thermal runaway when one individual battery cell experiences thermal runaway.

[0055] The present invention is illustrated below with specific embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments and may be implemented with appropriate modifications without changing its spirit.

[0056] Example 1

[0057] A heat insulation pad is provided, and the preparation steps are as follows:

[0058] 1) A punching machine is used, with a diameter of 50mm. 2 The punch is used to punch holes in an aluminum sheet with a thickness of 100μm, resulting in an aluminum foil with several through holes. The porosity of the aluminum foil is 50%, and the average hole area is 50mm². 2 An expandable graphite with an expansion ratio of 200 is sprayed onto both sides of an aluminum foil using an aerodynamic spray gun to attach a layer of expandable material with a single-sided thickness of 100μm to the surface of the aluminum foil. The aluminum foil and the expandable material layer constitute a fireproof layer.

[0059] 2) The fireproof layer is placed between a 1000μm thick aerogel felt layer, and the fireproof layer and aerogel felt layer are composited by hot pressing. That is, a 100μm thick aerogel felt layer is set on both surfaces of the fireproof layer, thereby preparing the heat insulation pad.

[0060] Examples 2-5

[0061] A heat insulation pad is provided, and the preparation steps are the same as those in Example 1. The difference is that in step 1), the punch area and the number of through holes are adjusted to obtain a heat insulation pad with a porous matrix having different average pore areas and open rates.

[0062] Examples 6-8

[0063] A heat insulation pad is provided, and the preparation steps are the same as those in Example 1. The difference is that in step 1), the type of inorganic expansion material is adjusted to obtain a heat insulation pad with expansion material layers having different expansion ratios.

[0064] Examples 9-12

[0065] A heat insulation pad is provided, and the preparation steps are the same as in Example 1. The difference is that the thickness of the aluminum sheet, the thickness of the fireproof layer, and the thickness of the aerogel felt layer are adjusted during the preparation process to obtain heat insulation pads of different thicknesses.

[0066] Example 13

[0067] A heat insulation pad is provided, and the preparation steps are the same as in Example 1, except that in step 1), the aluminum sheet is replaced with a copper sheet.

[0068] Comparative Example 1

[0069] A heat insulation pad is provided, and the preparation steps are the same as in Example 1, except that the aluminum sheet is not punched in step 1).

[0070] Comparative Example 2

[0071] A heat insulation pad is provided, and the preparation steps are the same as in Example 1, except that in step 1), the swollen graphite is replaced with quartz fiber (which does not have thermal expansion properties).

[0072] The relevant parameters of the heat insulation pads prepared in the above embodiments 1 to 13 and comparative examples 1 to 2 are recorded in Table 1.

[0073] Table 1:

[0074]

[0075]

[0076] The thermal insulation performance of the thermal insulation pads prepared in Examples 1-13 and Comparative Examples 1-2 was tested, and the test results are recorded in Table 2.

[0077] The specific thermal insulation performance test method is as follows: Fix the thermal insulation pad on the constant temperature heating table, and set temperature sensing lines on the two opposite surfaces of the thermal insulation pad. Arrange a temperature sensing line at the center point of each of the two sides of the thermal insulation pad (defined as the cold side temperature sensing line and the hot side temperature sensing line). Use a pressure fixture to pressurize the heating table to 10KN, start heating the heating table until the temperature of the heating table stabilizes at 700℃, stop heating, and maintain it for 30 minutes. Record the temperatures t1 and t2 of the temperature sensing lines on both sides of the thermal insulation pad, and calculate the temperature difference Δt between the two temperature sensing lines.

[0078] Table 2:

[0079] Hot surface temperature sensing line temperature t1℃ Cold surface temperature sensor temperature t2℃ Temperature difference between hot and cold surfaces Δt℃ Example 1 700 200 500 Example 2 700 240 460 Example 3 700 180 520 Example 4 700 178 522 Example 5 700 295 405 Example 6 700 210 490 Example 7 700 225 475 Example 8 700 214 486 Example 9 700 300 400 Example 10 700 50 650 Example 11 700 150 550 Example 12 700 250 450 Example 13 700 220 480 Comparative Example 1 700 400 300 Comparative Example 2 700 600 100

[0080] The smaller the temperature difference Δt between the hot and cold surfaces, the worse the insulation effect of the heat insulation pad. As can be seen from the data above, spraying inorganic expanding material onto the porous substrate surface is beneficial to improving the insulation effect of the heat insulation pad. Having several through holes in the substrate also plays a positive role in the insulation effect of the heat insulation pad.

[0081] The above steps are provided only to help understand the method, structure, and core ideas of this application. Those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications to this application without departing from its principles, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A thermal insulation mat, characterized in that The application relates to an aerogel blanket and a fireproof layer, and belongs to the technical field of thermal insulation materials. The fireproof layer comprises a porous base with a plurality of through holes and an expanded material layer distributed on the porous base; the expanded material layer comprises inorganic expanded material and organic silicon material, the inorganic expanded material is configured to expand under heat to fill into the through holes of the porous base; the organic silicon material comprises at least one of polymethylsiloxane and silane cross-linked polymer material. The thickness ratio of the fireproof layer to the aerogel blanket is 0.05-0.15, and the thickness of the aerogel blanket is 1.8-6.6 mm. The average pore size of the porous substrate is 25 mm 2 75 mm 2 The open porosity of the porous substrate is 40% to 80%. The expansion ratio of the inorganic expanded material is 5-300.

2. The insulating mat of claim 1, wherein The thickness of the porous base is 3-200 mu m, and the thickness of the expanded material layer is 3-200 mu m.

3. The insulating mat of claim 1, wherein, The inorganic expanded material comprises one or more of expanded graphite, silicate material and phosphate material.

4. The insulating mat of claim 2, wherein, The material of the porous base comprises metal material, and the metal material comprises any one of silver, copper, iron and aluminum.

5. The insulating mat of claim 1, wherein The porous base is made of non-metal material, and the non-metal material comprises any one of mica and ceramic.

6. The insulating mat of claim 1, wherein The material of the porous base comprises ceramic material.

7. The insulating mat of claim 1, wherein The material of the porous base is ceramic material, and the thermal conductivity of the ceramic material is not greater than 0.023 W / (m.K).

8. The insulating mat of claim 7, wherein The application further relates to a battery comprising at least two single cells and the thermal insulation pad as claimed in any one of claims 1-8, and the thermal insulation pad is arranged between adjacent single cells.

9. A battery module, characterized by ​

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