Heavy-duty truck battery swapping system

Abstract

This application provides a heavy-duty truck battery swapping system, comprising: a battery swapping station and a vehicle; the vehicle includes a heavy-duty truck, a battery tray, and an onboard battery; the battery swapping station includes a service layer and an equipment layer; the battery tray is connected to the service layer; during charging, the onboard battery is connected to the equipment layer. This application achieves automatic and accurate battery swapping for heavy-duty trucks through the battery swapping station and vehicle.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of heavy-duty truck battery swapping, and more particularly to a heavy-duty truck battery swapping system. Background Technology

[0002] With increasing environmental awareness, new energy vehicles are receiving more and more attention. For heavy trucks, using electric heavy trucks can greatly reduce carbon emissions and protect the environment.

[0003] At present, due to the heavy load and short driving range of heavy trucks, drivers often suffer from range anxiety and would rather reduce the number of trips to fully charge the battery before making a haul. This leads to an increase in the number of battery swaps per day, which delays hauling time, reduces vehicle efficiency, and sometimes the vehicle is so overloaded that it does not realize it has not been able to swap batteries in time and is left stranded on the road. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address one of the aforementioned technical deficiencies, this application provides a heavy-duty truck battery swapping system, the system comprising: a battery swapping station and a vehicle;

[0005] The vehicle includes a heavy-duty truck, a battery base, and a vehicle battery.

[0006] The battery swapping station includes a service layer and an equipment layer;

[0007] The heavy-duty truck is connected to the business layer;

[0008] During charging, the battery base is connected to the device layer.

[0009] Optionally, the business layer includes: industrial control computers, workstations, industrial tablets, intranet network equipment, vehicle identification systems, barcode scanners, and operating equipment;

[0010] The industrial control computer is connected to the device layer via a bus;

[0011] The industrial control computer is connected to external network devices and a video surveillance system via an external network.

[0012] The industrial control computer is connected to the workstation, barcode scanner, operating equipment, and vehicle identification system, respectively.

[0013] The industrial control computer is connected to the intranet network devices via an intranet.

[0014] The industrial tablet connects to the intranet network device via WIFI;

[0015] The intranet network device is also connected to the heavy truck via WIFI.

[0016] Optionally, the industrial control computer includes monitoring services and operation services;

[0017] The workstation includes the server-side of the station control system;

[0018] The industrial tablet includes a client for the station control system;

[0019] The intranet network devices include one or more of the following: routers, switches, and wireless hotspots.

[0020] Optionally, the equipment layer includes: an in-station battery, a first charging gun, a charging mechanism, an equipment layer controller, a battery swapping mechanism, in-station equipment, and sensors;

[0021] The equipment layer controller, the battery swapping mechanism, the station equipment, and the sensors are all connected to the industrial control computer via a bus.

[0022] The equipment layer controller, battery swapping mechanism, in-station equipment, and sensors are also connected to the in-station battery via a bus addressing device.

[0023] The charging mechanism is connected to the industrial control computer via a bus;

[0024] The charger is also connected to the battery in the station via a charging bus.

[0025] The charger is also connected to the first charging gun;

[0026] During charging, the first charging gun is also connected to the vehicle battery.

[0027] Optionally, the battery in the station includes: a first battery management system (BMS), a first thermal management system (TMS), and a first battery operation controller.

[0028] Optionally, the heavy-duty truck includes a battery swapping controller, an on-board communication unit (VCU), a license plate, and / or an RFID tag.

[0029] The battery base includes: a locking mechanism, a locking connector, a temperature sensor, and a charging socket;

[0030] The vehicle battery includes: a second BMS, a second TMS, and a second battery operation controller.

[0031] Optionally, the second BMS, the second TMS, and the second battery operation controller are respectively connected to the battery swapping controller via VCU;

[0032] The locking mechanism, locking device, connector, and temperature sensor are respectively connected to the battery swapping controller via hardwired connections.

[0033] The charging socket is connected to the second BMS;

[0034] The battery swapping controller is also connected to the intranet network devices via WIFI.

[0035] Optionally, during charging, the charging socket is also connected to the first charging gun.

[0036] Optionally, the system also includes an external charging station;

[0037] During charging, the charging socket is also connected to the external charging pile.

[0038] Optionally, the external charging station includes a second charging gun and a network device.

[0039] This application provides a heavy-duty truck battery swapping system, comprising: a battery swapping station and a vehicle; the vehicle includes a heavy-duty truck, a battery tray, and a vehicle battery; the battery swapping station includes a service layer and an equipment layer; the battery tray is connected to the service layer; during charging, the vehicle battery is connected to the equipment layer. This application achieves automatic and accurate battery swapping for heavy-duty trucks through the battery swapping station and vehicle. Attached Figure Description

[0040] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of this application and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments and are used to explain this application, but do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings:

[0041] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a heavy-duty truck battery swapping system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0042] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a heavy-duty truck battery swapping system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0043] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of a battery swapping search method provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of a battery swapping search method provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating two methods for converting a circle into a polygon according to embodiments of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the battery swapping search system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 7 This is a flowchart of a battery swapping authentication method provided by the present invention;

[0048] Figure 8 This is a detailed flowchart of a battery swapping authentication method provided by the present invention;

[0049] Figure 9This is a flowchart of a safety protection method during battery swapping provided by the present invention;

[0050] Figure 10 This is a flowchart of the safe battery swapping process provided by the present invention;

[0051] Figure 11 This is a flowchart illustrating the safety protection method during the battery swapping process provided by the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0052] To make the technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the exemplary embodiments of this application will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not an exhaustive list of all embodiments. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other.

[0053] In the process of realizing this application, the inventors discovered that at present, due to the heavy load and short driving range of heavy truck battery swapping services, drivers often suffer from range anxiety. They would rather haul fewer loads than not swap the battery for a full charge, which increases the number of battery swaps per day, delays hauling time, reduces vehicle efficiency, and sometimes the vehicle is so overloaded that it does not realize it has not been able to swap the battery in time and is left stranded on the road.

[0054] To address the aforementioned issues, this application provides a heavy-duty truck battery swapping system. The system includes a battery swapping station and a vehicle; the vehicle comprises a heavy-duty truck, a battery tray, and a vehicle battery; the battery swapping station includes a service layer and an equipment layer; the battery tray is connected to the service layer; during charging, the vehicle battery is connected to the equipment layer. This application achieves automatic and accurate battery swapping for heavy-duty trucks through the battery swapping station and vehicle.

[0055] See Figure 1 This embodiment provides a heavy-duty truck battery swapping system, which includes a battery swapping station and a vehicle.

[0056] 1. Vehicles

[0057] The vehicle includes the heavy-duty truck, battery tray, and onboard battery.

[0058] 1) Heavy-duty trucks

[0059] The heavy-duty truck includes a battery swapping controller, a VCU (Vehicle Communication Unit), a license plate, and / or a radio frequency tag (RFID tag).

[0060] 2) Battery base

[0061] The battery base includes: a locking mechanism, a locking device, a connector, a temperature sensor, and a charging socket.

[0062] 3) Vehicle battery

[0063] The vehicle battery includes: a second BMS, a second BMS, and a second battery operation controller.

[0064] The second BMS and the second battery operation controller are connected to the battery swapping controller via VCU.

[0065] The locking mechanism, locking device, connector, and temperature sensor are connected to the battery swapping controller via hardwired connections.

[0066] The charging socket is connected to the second BMS.

[0067] The battery swapping controller also connects to the intranet network devices via WIFI.

[0068] During charging, the charging socket is also connected to the first charging gun.

[0069] In addition, the system also includes external charging stations.

[0070] During charging, the charging socket is also connected to an external charging station.

[0071] External charging stations include: a second charging gun and network equipment.

[0072] It should be noted that the second charging gun is a charging gun. To distinguish it from the charging gun in the battery swapping station, the charging gun in the external charging pile is named the second charging gun. Figure 2 Only the charging gun is indicated in the text.

[0073] The second BMS is a BMS, the second TMS is a TMS, and the second battery operation controller is a battery operation controller. To distinguish them from the BMS, TMS, and battery operation controller in the station's battery, the BMS, TMS, and battery operation controller in the vehicle's battery are named the second BMS, second TMS, and second battery operation controller, respectively. Figure 2 The text only identifies BMS, TMS, and Battery Operation Controller.

[0074] 2. Battery swapping station

[0075] A battery swapping station consists of a business layer and an equipment layer.

[0076] Among them, the heavy-duty truck is connected to the business layer.

[0077] During charging, the battery base is connected to the device layer.

[0078] For specific implementation details, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 2 ,

[0079] 1) Business layer

[0080] The business layer includes: industrial control computers, workstations, industrial tablets, intranet network equipment, vehicle identification systems (capable of image recognition of license plates and / or RFID tags on heavy trucks), barcode scanners, and operational equipment.

[0081] The industrial control computer connects to the device layer via a bus (i.e., CAN).

[0082] The industrial control computer connects to external network devices and video surveillance systems via the external network.

[0083] The industrial control computer is connected to the workstation, barcode scanner, operating equipment, and vehicle identification system.

[0084] The industrial control computer connects to intranet network devices via the intranet.

[0085] The industrial tablet connects to the intranet network devices via WIFI.

[0086] The intranet network equipment also connects to the heavy truck via WIFI.

[0087] In addition, industrial control computers include monitoring services and operation services.

[0088] The workstation includes the server side of the station control system.

[0089] Industrial flat panel displays include client-side components for station control systems.

[0090] Internal network devices include one or more of the following: routers, switches, and wireless hotspots.

[0091] 2) Equipment layer

[0092] The equipment layer includes: in-station batteries, first charging gun, charging mechanism, equipment layer controller, battery swapping mechanism, in-station equipment, and sensors.

[0093] The equipment layer controller, the battery swapping mechanism, the station equipment, and the sensors are all connected to the industrial control computer via a bus.

[0094] The equipment layer controller, battery swapping mechanism, station equipment, and sensors are also connected to the station battery via bus addressing equipment.

[0095] The charging mechanism is connected to the industrial control computer via a bus.

[0096] The charger is also connected to the battery in the station via a charging bus.

[0097] The charger is also connected to the first charging gun.

[0098] During charging, the first charging gun is also connected to the vehicle's battery.

[0099] The batteries within the station include: the first BMS (Battery Management System), the first TMS (Thermal Management System), and the first battery operation controller.

[0100] It should be noted that the first charging gun is a charging gun. To distinguish it from the charging guns in external charging piles, the charging gun in the battery swapping station is named the first charging gun. Figure 2 Only the charging gun is indicated in the text.

[0101] The first BMS is a BMS, the first TMS is a TMS, and the first battery operation controller is a battery operation controller. To distinguish them from the BMS, TMS, and battery operation controller in the vehicle-mounted battery, the BMS, TMS, and battery operation controller in the equipment-level station battery are named the first BMS, the first TMS, and the first battery operation controller, respectively. Figure 2 The text only identifies BMS, TMS, and Battery Operation Controller.

[0102] The heavy-duty truck battery swapping system provided in this embodiment can be used to determine the driving mileage of electric heavy-duty trucks. The specific determination method is as follows:

[0103] 101, obtain the vehicle's mileage and road conditions.

[0104] 102. The vehicle's weight is obtained through the tire pressure monitoring module.

[0105] The tire pressure monitoring module is located in the battery swapping controller, which is located inside the vehicle.

[0106] 103. Determine the remaining driving range based on weight, mileage, and road conditions.

[0107] The method provided in this embodiment integrates a tire pressure detection module and system into the battery swapping controller. The tire pressure module can accurately calculate the weight of the vehicle and, based on the vehicle's mileage, weight, and road conditions, accurately calculate the remaining range that the vehicle can travel with its remaining battery power, thereby relieving the driver's range anxiety and improving the fleet's operating efficiency.

[0108] In addition, after determining the remaining driving range based on weight, mileage, and road conditions, the system will also control the vehicle to perform battery swapping based on the remaining driving range.

[0109] The vehicle's front and rear sections include UWB (Ultra Wide Band) tags.

[0110] The process of controlling the vehicle to perform battery swapping is as follows:

[0111] 1. Control the UWB tag to be positioned and connected to the battery swapping station.

[0112] 2. Send vehicle information to the battery swapping station via a positioning connection so that the battery swapping station can calculate the vehicle's location based on the vehicle information and send control information.

[0113] 3. Receive control information fed back from the battery swapping station via positioning connection.

[0114] 4. Execute control information to bring the vehicle to the target location.

[0115] 5. Perform battery swapping at the target location.

[0116] For example,

[0117] 1) Establish a battery swapping connection with the battery swapping station via Bluetooth.

[0118] 2) During the battery swapping process, battery swapping data is sent to the battery swapping station based on the battery swapping connection, so that the battery swapping station can confirm whether the battery swapping process has been completed based on the battery swapping data.

[0119] 3) After obtaining the confirmation message sent by the battery swapping station based on the battery swapping connection, the battery swapping process is completed.

[0120] The solution provided in this embodiment uses UWB precise positioning (centimeter-level positioning) for automatic positioning during battery swapping. After the battery swapping vehicle enters the swapping area, the UWB tags on the front and rear of the vehicle connect to four base stations at the station. The base stations accurately calculate the vehicle's position and, through the station control system, direct the vehicle to autonomously drive to the designated location for battery swapping. After swapping, the entire UWB positioning system guides the vehicle to leave the battery swapping station.

[0121] In practice, the battery swapping solution process is as follows:

[0122] 201. Establish a communication connection with the vehicle.

[0123] For example, establishing a communication connection with the vehicle via WIFI.

[0124] In addition, after establishing a communication connection with the vehicle via Wi-Fi, the vehicle's location is determined in real time. When the vehicle's location meets a preset condition (e.g., the vehicle leaves the effective Wi-Fi range), the Wi-Fi connection is disconnected.

[0125] 302. Obtain vehicle information through communication connection.

[0126] For example, obtaining license plates, RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) tags, etc.

[0127] 303. Based on the vehicle information, perform a battery swap on the vehicle.

[0128] This step can be achieved in the following way:

[0129] 1. Obtain the vehicle's identification.

[0130] For example, by scanning the vehicle license plate or by obtaining the vehicle's identification via RFID.

[0131] 2. Confirm the vehicle's identity based on the identification markings and vehicle information.

[0132] 3. After successful confirmation, perform battery swapping on the vehicle.

[0133] For example,

[0134] 1) Establish a battery swapping connection with the vehicle via Bluetooth.

[0135] 2) Based on the battery swapping connection, send the battery swapping stop location and battery swapping station location marker to the vehicle so that the vehicle stops at the battery swapping location according to the battery swapping stop location and battery swapping station location marker.

[0136] 3) During the battery swapping process, the battery swapping data of the vehicle is received based on the battery swapping connection.

[0137] 4) Confirm the battery swap is complete based on the battery swap data.

[0138] The method provided in this embodiment establishes a communication connection with the vehicle, obtains vehicle information, and then performs battery swapping on the vehicle, achieving precise and automatic battery swapping.

[0139] The following is based on Figure 2 Taking the scenario shown as an example, the method provided in this embodiment will be illustrated again:

[0140] When a vehicle approaches a battery swapping station, it establishes a connection with the station via Wi-Fi and uploads its information to the station's system. Once the vehicle enters the station, it is identified by scanning the vehicle's license plate number or using the RFID tag on the vehicle. After confirmation, the station confirms the connection. When the station control system receives the information that the vehicle is ready to swap batteries, the swap is initiated. After the station receives the information that the swap is complete, the vehicle leaves the station and the Wi-Fi connection is disconnected.

[0141] During battery swapping, the vehicle enters the battery swapping station according to the guidance prompts. The connection between the battery swapping stations is automatically established via classic Bluetooth (HID). (The signal quality is determined based on the location where the vehicle stops swapping and the location marker of the battery swapping station.) A one-to-one connection is established, and then the battery swapping data is uploaded and the battery swapping process is confirmed to complete the battery swapping process.

[0142] However, this method has strict requirements for the parking position of heavy trucks. The parking position error must be within 10cm to adapt to the high precision requirements of external license plate recognition, RFID recognition and battery position of the battery swapping station carrier. Many experienced drivers need to park the truck in the correct position many times, wasting a lot of battery swapping time.

[0143] In addition, after obtaining the confirmation message from the battery swapping station confirming the completion of the battery swapping based on the battery swapping connection, it will also:

[0144] 201, Receives a battery swapping record query request message sent by the battery swapping station based on the battery swapping connection.

[0145] The battery swapping record query request message includes a query key value and a first signature data.

[0146] The first signature data is obtained by encrypting the digest of the query key value using the private key of the battery swapping station.

[0147] 202. Based on the battery swapping connection, a battery swapping record query response message is reported to the battery swapping station. The battery swapping record query response message includes the battery swapping record and a second signature data, so that the battery swapping station can verify the legality of the battery swapping record query response message and generate a bill after the verification is successful.

[0148] The second signature data is obtained by encrypting the digest of the battery swapping record using the vehicle's private key.

[0149] In addition, the process of reporting the battery swapping record query response message to the battery swapping station based on the battery swapping connection is as follows: when the first information is the same as the second information, the battery swapping record query response message is reported to the battery swapping station based on the battery swapping connection.

[0150] The first piece of information is the digest of the query key value obtained by the vehicle decrypting the first signature data using the public key of the battery swapping station. The second piece of information is the digest of the query key value calculated by the vehicle.

[0151] Furthermore, when the third and fourth pieces of information are the same, the validity check of the battery swapping record query response message passes.

[0152] The third piece of information is a digest of the battery swapping record obtained by decrypting the second signature data using the vehicle's public key. The fourth piece of information is a digest of the battery swapping record calculated by the battery swapping station.

[0153] For example,

[0154] 1) When the battery swapping vehicle detects that the battery locking is complete, it records a battery swapping record (TRANSACTION) and saves it locally on the vehicle. The TRANSACTION includes: the session ID of this communication process, the unique identification number SPIN (Service Provider Identification Number) of the battery swapping service provider, the battery swapping station number, the battery swapping time, the depleted battery SN, the depleted battery SOC, the depleted battery SOH, the fully charged battery SN, the fully charged battery SOC, the fully charged battery SOH, and the signature data S1.

[0155] The S1 generation process is as follows: The battery-swapping vehicle calculates the session ID, the service provider identification number (SPIN), the battery-swapping station number, the battery-swapping time, the depleted battery SN, the depleted battery SOC, the depleted battery SOH, the fully charged battery SN, the fully charged battery SOC, and the fully charged battery SOH, and then uses the vehicle's locally stored private key to encrypt H1 and generate signature data S1.

[0156] 2) When the battery swap is complete, the billing module in the cloud or at the local battery swap station checks whether the local battery swap record is complete and available. If so, the local battery swap record is used to generate the battery swap bill; otherwise, a battery swap record query request message (QUERY REQ) is sent to the vehicle through the established vehicle-cloud remote communication connection or the battery swap station-vehicle Wi-Fi connection. The QUERY REQ contains a query key and a signature data S3.

[0157] The process of generating S3 is as follows: calculate the query key-value digest data H3, and encrypt H3 using the private key of the battery swapping station to generate signature data S3.

[0158] 3) Upon receiving a QUERY REQ, the vehicle verifies the validity of the message and sends a QUERYRSP message to query the battery swapping record. The QUERY RSP contains the battery swapping record and a signature data S4.

[0159] The validity verification process for the QUERY REQ is as follows:

[0160] (1) Calculate the query key-value summary data H41 for vehicles

[0161] (2) The vehicle uses the public key in the battery swapping station certificate to decrypt S3 and generate H42.

[0162] (3) If H41 is not equal to H42, discard the message; otherwise, put the battery swap record in the QUERY RSP and report it.

[0163] The signature data generation process in QUERY RSP is as follows: the vehicle calculates the digest H4 of the battery swapping record, and uses the vehicle's private key to encrypt H4 to generate signature data S4.

[0164] 4) The communication module of the local battery swapping system or the cloud system verifies the validity of the QUERY RSP and transmits the battery swapping record to the bill generation module.

[0165] The validity verification process for QUERY RSP is similar to that for QUERY REQ, and will not be described in detail here.

[0166] 5) The bill generation module verifies the signature data in the battery swapping record and uses the battery swapping record to generate a battery swapping bill.

[0167] The process of verifying the validity of the signature data in the battery swapping record is similar to that of verifying the validity of the QUERY REQ, and will not be described in detail here.

[0168] The heavy-duty truck battery swapping system provided in this embodiment includes: a battery swapping station and a vehicle; the vehicle includes a heavy-duty truck, a battery base, and a vehicle battery; the battery swapping station includes a business layer and an equipment layer; the battery base is connected to the business layer; during charging, the vehicle battery is connected to the equipment layer, realizing automatic and accurate battery swapping for the heavy-duty truck.

[0169] The heavy-duty truck battery swapping system provided in this embodiment also includes: a processing step where the battery swapping station searches for heavy-duty trucks (electric vehicles) before the heavy-duty truck battery swapping begins, such as... Figure 3-6 As shown, the details are as follows:

[0170] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of a battery swapping search method provided by the present invention, such as... Figure 3 As shown, it includes:

[0171] Step S1001: The cloud platform receives a battery swapping search request sent by the battery swapping station, which includes the battery swapping station ID and search distance range information, and retrieves the battery swapping station information from the battery swapping station database according to the battery swapping station ID in the search request;

[0172] Step S1002: The cloud platform obtains information on multiple electric vehicles from the electric vehicle database based on the information on the battery swapping stations and the search distance range information;

[0173] Step S1003: The cloud platform generates corresponding battery swapping service information based on the information of each electric vehicle, and sends the battery swapping service information to each electric vehicle terminal.

[0174] The battery swapping service information includes battery swapping station information. After each electric vehicle terminal receives the battery swapping service information containing the battery swapping station information, it sends a response service request or a rejection service request to the battery swapping station based on the electric vehicle information and the battery swapping station information.

[0175] This invention also includes the following: When the battery swapping station receives a denial-of-service request from an electric vehicle terminal, the battery swapping station obtains the electric vehicle information corresponding to the electric vehicle terminal and sends the electric vehicle information corresponding to the electric vehicle terminal to other battery swapping stations in its vicinity via wireless communication. This causes the other battery swapping stations to send battery swapping service information containing battery swapping station information to the electric vehicle terminal. Upon receiving the battery swapping service information containing the battery swapping station information, the electric vehicle terminal sends a response service request or a denial-of-service request to the battery swapping station based on the electric vehicle information and the battery swapping station information. Alternatively, when the battery swapping station receives a denial-of-service request from an electric vehicle terminal, the battery swapping station obtains the electric vehicle information corresponding to the electric vehicle terminal and obtains the battery swapping station information of other battery swapping stations in its vicinity via wireless communication. This sends the battery swapping station information of the other battery swapping stations to the electric vehicle terminal, causing the electric vehicle terminal to send a response service request or a denial-of-service request to the battery swapping station based on the electric vehicle information and the battery swapping station information.

[0176] This invention also includes: each battery swapping station periodically broadcasting its battery swapping station information to electric vehicle terminals within a distance range, so that the electric vehicle terminals receiving the battery swapping station information send a response service request or a rejection service request to the battery swapping station based on the electric vehicle information and the battery swapping station information.

[0177] Specifically, the battery swapping station database includes battery swapping station IDs and battery swapping station information. The battery swapping station information includes the battery swapping station's geographical location, total number of batteries, current battery level of each battery, current number of available batteries, current battery swapping time for electric vehicles, total battery swapping time for each electric vehicle, and the number of electric vehicles currently waiting for battery swapping. The electric vehicle database includes electric vehicle terminal information and electric vehicle information. The electric vehicle information includes vehicle number information, license plate information, current geographical location information, and current battery level information.

[0178] In addition, it should be noted that the cloud platform refers to the cloud platform corresponding to a certain geographical location. When the electric vehicle moves to another geographical location, it will automatically switch from the current cloud platform to another cloud platform for data management, thereby solving the technical problem of large data volume of the cloud platform.

[0179] The embodiments of the present invention further include: the electric vehicle terminal acquiring electric vehicle information in real time and periodically sending the electric vehicle information to the cloud platform, so that the cloud platform periodically updates the electric vehicle information corresponding to the electric vehicle terminal; the battery swapping station acquiring battery swapping station information in real time and periodically sending the battery swapping station ID and the battery swapping station information to the cloud platform, so that the cloud platform updates the battery swapping station information corresponding to the battery swapping station ID in real time.

[0180] Specifically, the cloud platform obtains multiple electric vehicle information from the electric vehicle database based on the battery swapping station information and the search distance range information, including: the cloud platform determines the search geographical location range of the electric vehicle based on the geographical location of the battery swapping station in the battery swapping station information and the search distance range information; the cloud platform queries the electric vehicle database for multiple electric vehicles that match the search geographical location range of the electric vehicle, and obtains electric vehicle information for each electric vehicle that matches the search geographical location range of the electric vehicle.

[0181] Further, the cloud platform queries the electric vehicle database for multiple electric vehicles that match the electric vehicle search geographical location area based on the electric vehicle search geographical location area range, including: the cloud platform converts the battery swapping station geographical location in the battery swapping station information into hash value data composed of M letters, and extracts the first N letters from the M letters of the hash value data according to the search distance range information to obtain hash value data composed of N letters; the cloud platform determines the polygon shape of the search area according to the search precision configured by the user, and converts the electric vehicle search geographical location area range into the search geographical location area range of the polygon shape; the cloud platform queries the electric vehicle database for multiple electric vehicles that match the search geographical location area range of the polygon shape based on the hash value data composed of N letters and the search geographical location area range of the polygon shape; wherein, M and N are both positive integers, and M is greater than or equal to N.

[0182] Specifically, the cloud platform generates corresponding battery swapping service information based on the information of each electric vehicle and sends the battery swapping service information to each electric vehicle terminal, including: determining the battery level of the electric vehicle based on the current battery level information in the information of each electric vehicle; the cloud platform generates corresponding battery swapping service information based on the battery level of the electric vehicle and sends the battery swapping service information to the electric vehicle terminal. Specifically, the cloud platform generates corresponding battery swapping service information based on the battery level of the electric vehicle, including: when the battery level of the electric vehicle is high, the cloud platform estimates the current driving distance range of the electric vehicle based on the current battery level information, and searches for corresponding battery swapping station information based on the current driving distance range and the current geographical location information of the electric vehicle, and sends the battery swapping station information to the electric vehicle; when the battery level of the electric vehicle is low, the cloud platform searches for the battery swapping station information closest to the electric vehicle's geographical location based on the current geographical location information and the current driving distance of the electric vehicle, and sends the battery swapping station information to the electric vehicle.

[0183] The heavy-duty truck battery swapping system provided in this embodiment also includes a process step for the heavy-duty truck (electric vehicle) to search for battery swapping stations before the battery swapping begins, as detailed below:

[0184] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of a battery swapping search method provided in an embodiment of the present invention, such as... Figure 4 As shown, it includes:

[0185] Step S2001: The cloud platform receives and retrieves electric vehicle information corresponding to the electric vehicle terminal from the electric vehicle database based on the battery swapping search request containing search distance range information sent by the electric vehicle terminal.

[0186] Step S2002: The cloud platform obtains multiple battery swapping station information from the battery swapping station database based on the electric vehicle information corresponding to the electric vehicle terminal and the search distance range information, and sends the multiple battery swapping station information to the electric vehicle terminal;

[0187] Step S2003: The electric vehicle terminal generates corresponding battery swapping service information based on the battery swapping station information selected by the user from the multiple battery swapping station information, and sends the battery swapping service information to the selected battery swapping station.

[0188] Specifically, the battery swapping station database includes battery swapping station IDs and battery swapping station information. The battery swapping station information includes the battery swapping station's geographical location, total number of batteries, current battery level of each battery, current number of available batteries, current battery swapping time for electric vehicles, total battery swapping time for each electric vehicle, and the number of electric vehicles currently waiting for battery swapping. The electric vehicle database includes electric vehicle terminal information and electric vehicle information. The electric vehicle information includes vehicle number information, license plate information, current geographical location information, and current battery level information.

[0189] The embodiments of the present invention further include: the electric vehicle terminal acquiring electric vehicle information in real time and periodically sending the electric vehicle information to the cloud platform, so that the cloud platform periodically updates the electric vehicle information corresponding to the electric vehicle terminal; the battery swapping station acquiring battery swapping station information in real time and periodically sending the battery swapping station ID and the battery swapping station information to the cloud platform, so that the cloud platform updates the battery swapping station information corresponding to the battery swapping station ID in real time.

[0190] Specifically, the cloud platform obtains multiple battery swapping station information from the battery swapping station database based on the electric vehicle information corresponding to the electric vehicle terminal and the search distance range information, including: the cloud platform determines the search geographical location area range of the battery swapping station based on the current geographical location information in the electric vehicle information and the search distance range information; the cloud platform queries the battery swapping station database for multiple battery swapping stations that match the search geographical location area range, and obtains battery swapping station information for each battery swapping station that matches the search area range from the battery swapping station database.

[0191] Furthermore, the cloud platform queries the battery swapping station database for multiple battery swapping stations that match the search geographical location range of the battery swapping stations, including: the cloud platform converting the current geographical location information of the electric vehicle into a hash value consisting of M letters, and extracting the first N letters from the M letters of the hash value data according to the search distance range information to obtain a hash value consisting of N letters; the cloud platform determining the polygon shape of the search area according to the search precision configured by the user, and converting the search geographical location range of the battery swapping stations into a search geographical location range of the polygon shape; the cloud platform querying the battery swapping station database for multiple battery swapping stations that match the search geographical location range of the polygon shape based on the hash value data consisting of N letters and the search geographical location range of the polygon shape; wherein M and N are both positive integers, and M is greater than or equal to N.

[0192] The toolbox (Tbox) installed on each electric vehicle (heavy truck) will push the vehicle's geographical location and remaining battery power to a designated platform (cloud platform) in real time. The platform processes and saves the geographical location and battery power information; the number and latitude and longitude information of the battery swapping station and charging pile will also be processed and saved to the service.

[0193] Drivers can quickly find battery swapping stations by providing a distance range; the distance range of battery swapping stations can also be used to quickly find information on nearby vehicles.

[0194] When the driver checks that the vehicle's battery level is low (<30%), the system searches for battery swapping stations (using the vehicle's current geographic location) or the battery swapping stations search for the vehicle every 10 minutes (using the station's geographic location). The two-dimensional geographic location data (longitude; latitude) is converted into one-dimensional data (hash value) and saved for fast searching. During the search, circles are converted into polygons for easier searching.

[0195] After the battery swapping station locates nearby vehicle information, it can determine the specific message to send to the driver based on the vehicle's battery level, actual distance, and the available battery power at the current battery swapping station.

[0196] 1. Convert the geographical location of the battery swapping station or the geographical location of the electric vehicle into a hash value.

[0197] The longitude and latitude of a geographical location are converted into two binary numbers using a binary search method. These two binary numbers are then combined into one. Finally, every three bits of the binary number are combined to form a letter, creating a hash value. For example, the Oriental Pearl Tower has a longitude of 121.49491 and a latitude of 31.24169. These are converted to binary as (11010110011001010111, 10101100011011101100). The longitude and latitude are combined (longitude in odd-numbered positions, latitude in even-numbered positions) to form the hash value: 1110011001111000001111000111011001111010. The hash value (from left to right, every three bits form a letter) is: hbeheahedfehfa.

[0198] The driver's search for battery swapping stations is based on the distance and the hash value converted from the driver's current location. This hash value is initially matched against a database (created by the driver and includes vehicle information, battery swapping stations, driver information, and the vehicle-driver correspondence). For example, if a driver searches for battery swapping stations within 5km of Oriental Pearl Tower, the hash value corresponding to the driver's current latitude and longitude is hbeheahedfehfa. According to Table 1: Key Precision Data Table, only the first 8 letters need to match (the driver's first 8 letters are hbeheahe). Based on this 8-letter hash, the database is queried for data matching hbeheahe* (*: any value with no length limit).

[0199] Table 1: Data Table for Key Accuracy

[0200] Number of letters Corresponding coverage length (km) 4 105-320 5 41-104 6 6-40 8 0.3-5 11 0-0.2

[0201] Second, change the search range from a circle to a polygon.

[0202] The battery swapping station information retrieved quickly using hashing is partially inaccurate (outside the range). While circles are typically used (those within the circle are accurate), circles cannot be indexed in the database, making the process slow. Therefore, converting them to polygons facilitates database queries.

[0203] Based on the minimum and maximum values ​​of the x-axis and y-axis corresponding to the polygon, compare whether the geographical points satisfy x∈[X1,X2] and y∈[Y1,Y2].

[0204] The method for calculating the number of sides of a polygon is analyzed below.

[0205] Two ways to convert a circle into a polygon:

[0206] The variables are described in Table 2.

[0207] Table 2: Variable Descriptions

[0208]

[0209] The following explanations will all use a quarter circle (sector) as an example.

[0210] 2.1 Inscribed polygons, such as Figure 5 As shown

[0211] n tangent points -> (n+1) edges -> (n+1) triangles

[0212] >α=90° / (n+1)=π / (2*(n+1))

[0213] The total area of ​​the triangle, S△, is given by: S△ = 0.5 * r²(n+1) * sin(π / ((n+1) * 2)).

[0214] The area of ​​the sector is S○ = 0.25πr²

[0215] The coverage percentage (accuracy) is:

[0216] accuracy=S△ / S○=2*(n+1)*sin(π / ((n+1)*2)) / π

[0217] The specific precision values ​​are shown in Table 3:

[0218] Table 3. Accuracy Relationship Table

[0219] Number of tangent points of a quarter circle accuracy% 1 90 2 95 4 98 6 99 10 99.7

[0220] 2.2 Externally circumscribed polygons, such as Figure 5 As shown

[0221] n tangent points -> (n+1) edges -> (n+1) triangles

[0222] >α=90° / (n+1)=π / (2*(n+1))

[0223] The total area of ​​the triangle, S△, is 0.5*(n+1)*tan((n+1)*2).

[0224] The area of ​​the sector is S○ = 0.25πr²

[0225] The coverage (accuracy) ratio is

[0226] accuracy=2-S△ / S○=2–2(n+1)*tan(π / ((n+1)*2)) / π

[0227] The specific precision values ​​are shown in Table 4:

[0228] Table 4. Accuracy Relationship Table

[0229] Number of tangent points of a quarter circle accuracy% 1 72 2 89 6 98 10 99 15 99.7

[0230] Based on the above summary of accuracy

[0231] Is it more or less? accuracy yes 2–2(n+1)*tan(π / ((n+1)*2)) / π no 2*(n+1)*sin(π / ((n+1)*2)) / π

[0232] Side count calculation method:

[0233] Required accuracy (maximum value for minimum longitude):

[0234] need_accuracy=max[(1–r / single_accuracy_length),lowest_accuracy]

[0235] Number of tangent points (the precision below corresponds to the precision value of the inscribed or circumscribed polygons above):

[0236] Theoretical accuracy >= Required accuracy -> Number of inscribed points n in the sector -> Number of sides of the triangle inside the sector (n+1)

[0237] III. Text Message Content Sent to Drivers by Battery Swapping Stations

[0238] When selecting the content of a text message sent to a driver based on nearby vehicle information retrieved from a battery swapping station, the specific criteria are as follows:

[0239]

[0240] Vehicle battery percentage Battery level [80,100] High battery [30,80] Normal power consumption [10,30] Low battery [0,10] Battery swapping required

[0241] 3.1 For vehicles with high or average battery levels:

[0242] Vehicle's travel distance to the point where a battery swap is needed: [Current driving distance - 20km, Current driving distance + 20km]

[0243] Based on the vehicle's current geographical location and length range, the system searches for corresponding battery swapping stations, assembles the information, and sends it to the driver, providing details about the station's location and average swapping time.

[0244] 3.2 For vehicles with low battery levels:

[0245] Based on the vehicle's geographical location, search for all battery swapping stations within the vehicle's current driving range that can be directly swapped (with more than 0 fully charged batteries remaining). Send the driver a suggested text message (specific location of the battery swapping station; number of vehicles currently swapping batteries; where a battery swap is possible; battery swapping time; approximate time to reach the battery swapping station).

[0246] 3.3 For vehicles that require battery swapping:

[0247] Battery swapping time required when the vehicle arrives:

[0248] Driver waiting time = new vehicle waiting time * 2 – vehicle travel time to this battery swapping station;

[0249] Based on the vehicle's current geographical location, retrieve information on two battery swapping stations (excluding the current battery swapping station) that are within the vehicle's current driving distance.

[0250] Send the driver the estimated waiting time at the current battery swapping station, as well as information on one or two other nearby battery swapping stations.

[0251] like Figure 6As shown, a battery swapping station is an energy station that provides rapid battery swapping for electric vehicles. Vehicles include electric vehicles (battery-swapping heavy trucks, mining trucks, etc.). Drivers are electric vehicle drivers. The digital cloud platform is an integrated platform for information on maintenance stations, vehicles, and personnel. Specific real-time steps include:

[0252] 1) Station information reporting: geographical location information of the battery swapping station, the number of batteries currently available, and the vehicles currently swapping batteries.

[0253] Location information: Add the location information of the newly built battery swapping station to the cloud platform.

[0254] Available battery quantity: When a battery is added or used at a battery swapping station, the station operator records it on the cloud platform page; the actual quantity is checked and corrected periodically (weekly).

[0255] Current number of vehicles undergoing battery swapping: When a vehicle arrives for battery swapping, the station operations staff records it on the cloud platform; newly arrived vehicles that have not yet started swapping are in a waiting state, while vehicles that have started swapping are changed to "swapping in progress" by the operations staff. The cloud platform will periodically (every 5 minutes) change the status of vehicles that have exceeded 5 minutes of swapping to "swapping completed".

[0256] 2) Vehicle information reporting: current geographical location information of the vehicle, and available battery power information of the vehicle.

[0257] The Tbox installed in the vehicle periodically (every 30 seconds) sends the vehicle's current geographical location and current battery level to the cloud platform.

[0258] 3) Save or update: The cloud platform saves or updates vehicle and battery swapping station information.

[0259] Vehicle Information: Upon receiving the Tbox information from step 2, the cloud platform first determines whether the vehicle already exists. If it does not exist, it adds the vehicle to the cloud platform database (current vehicle location, battery level, and driver information). If the vehicle exists, it updates the current vehicle information (current vehicle location, battery level, and driver information).

[0260] Battery swapping station: When the station operator operates on the cloud platform page, the information stored in the cloud platform database of the battery swapping station (number of available batteries, number of waiting vehicles, number of vehicles swapping batteries) will be updated.

[0261] 4) Periodic station search: The battery swapping station periodically searches for nearby vehicles.

[0262] The cloud platform connected to the battery swapping station will send messages every 10 minutes.

[0263] 5) Search for vehicles: Search for vehicle information that meets the specified range from the cloud platform.

[0264] Search for nearby vehicle information (vehicle ID, current location) within a distance range (500m, 1000m, 1500m).

[0265] 6) Data assembly: Clean and filter the data to select vehicle data that meets the requirements.

[0266] The cloud platform performs detailed filtering on vehicles (for example, if a vehicle is searched for at 500m, but the actual distance is 520m, it exceeds the distance requirement and needs to be filtered out); it retrieves the vehicle's current battery level and driver information from the database based on the vehicle number, and then assembles them into the required data format.

[0267] 7) Vehicle battery level: Based on the vehicle data filtered in step 6), the battery level range is divided according to the specified range.

[0268] After obtaining the search results, the cloud platform divides the battery into zones based on the actual battery level (high battery, normal battery, low battery, battery needs to be swapped).

[0269] 8) Determine the message type and message sending: Based on the power range divided in 7, determine the message type to be sent.

[0270] After obtaining the battery range, the cloud platform assembles the SMS message content (based on the judgments in 3.1 / 3.2 / 3.3) and sends it to the specific driver.

[0271] The heavy-duty truck battery swapping system provided in this embodiment further includes: a battery swapping authentication process performed by the battery swapping station on the heavy-duty truck (battery swapping vehicle) before the battery swapping begins, such as... Figures 7-8 As shown, the details are as follows:

[0272] Figure 7 This is a flowchart of a battery swapping authentication method provided by the present invention, such as... Figure 7 As shown, it includes:

[0273] Step S4001: The battery swapping station obtains the battery swapping vehicle information and the information of the depleted battery of the battery swapping vehicle, and sends an authentication request containing the battery swapping station information, battery swapping vehicle information and depleted battery information to the battery swapping platform.

[0274] Step S4002: The battery swapping platform obtains the authentication strategy based on the battery swapping station information in the authentication request, and uses the authentication strategy to authenticate the battery swapping vehicle information and the depleted battery information to obtain the authentication result.

[0275] Step S4003: The battery swapping platform sends the authentication result to the battery swapping station, so that the battery swapping station can determine whether to allow the battery swapping vehicle to perform battery swapping based on the authentication result.

[0276] This invention also includes: establishing a first communication link between the battery swapping vehicle and the battery swapping station, and establishing a second communication link between the battery swapping station and the battery swapping platform.

[0277] Furthermore, the communication interface between the battery swapping vehicle and the battery swapping station adopts a TCP / IP Socket-based communication method, operating in a long-connection mode. The battery swapping vehicle and the battery swapping station can be deployed in the same or different enterprise network environments and can be interconnected via a local area network or the Internet.

[0278] Using a Server / Client communication method:

[0279] 1) TBox acts as the client; 2) Station Control acts as the server.

[0280] Communication Protocol

[0281] 1) Communication data messages use binary format;

[0282] 2) The client automatically sends a connection request to the server. After the connection is successfully established, the client sends protocol data packets to the server using a push method.

[0283] 3) Single-packet transmission must be used exclusively; multi-packet transmission is not permitted.

[0284] 4) The client's sending mode and frequency can be set;

[0285] 5) The received data packets need to be validated, including the validation of multiple attributes such as communication length, checksum calculation, and command code;

[0286] 6) The client needs to automatically maintain the validity of the communication connection state. After initialization and disconnection, it should automatically attempt to reconnect until the connection is restored.

[0287] Heartbeat mechanism:

[0288] After successfully connecting to the server, the client needs to configure a separate task mechanism to check the stability and reliability of the communication connection. This mechanism involves periodically sending heartbeat packets to the server. Under normal circumstances, the server will respond. If there are 10 unanswered heartbeats, the connection to the server is considered invalid, and the client must reset the connection and re-request a connection from the server. The heartbeat interval is 2 seconds, the timeout count is 10, and the timeout period is 20 seconds.

[0289] The heartbeat packet function is as follows: 1) The client periodically sends heartbeat packets to the server, and the server returns a heartbeat response to the vehicle battery swapping controller as required. 2) After the client sends a heartbeat packet, it starts counting. When the count reaches 10, the heartbeat is considered to have timed out, the current connection is closed, the connection is restored to working state, and the TCP connection is automatically re-initiated.

[0290] Establishing a second communication link between the battery swapping station and the battery swapping platform includes: establishing a second communication link between the battery swapping station and the battery swapping platform via wireless communication.

[0291] The battery swapping station sends a start request to the battery swapping platform via an uplink request message through the second communication link, and the battery swapping platform responds with a downlink message via the second communication link to reply whether the battery swap is allowed.

[0292] Specifically, the battery swapping station obtains the battery swapping vehicle information and the information of the depleted battery by: the battery swapping station receiving a battery swapping request sent by the battery swapping vehicle, which includes the battery swapping vehicle information and the information of the depleted battery, through the first communication link; or the battery swapping station reading the battery swapping vehicle information and the information of the depleted battery; wherein, the battery swapping vehicle information includes vehicle identification number, license plate number, radio frequency identification (RFID) code, fleet information, and vehicle model; the depleted battery information includes battery product serial number (SN) and battery state of charge (SOC).

[0293] The battery swapping platform obtains an authentication strategy based on the battery swapping station information in the authentication request, and uses the authentication strategy to authenticate the battery swapping vehicle information and the depleted battery information to obtain an authentication result. This includes: the battery swapping platform obtaining an authentication strategy corresponding to the battery swapping station information from a preset authentication strategy table based on the battery swapping station information in the authentication request; the battery swapping platform authenticating the battery swapping vehicle information and the depleted battery information based on the authentication strategy to obtain an authentication result; wherein the battery swapping station information includes the battery swapping station ID and the battery swapping station location.

[0294] Furthermore, the authentication strategy table includes battery swapping station information, authentication strategy scenarios, and authentication strategies. Specifically, the battery swapping platform retrieves the authentication strategy corresponding to the battery swapping station information from the preset authentication strategy table based on the battery swapping station information in the authentication request. This includes: the battery swapping platform retrieves the authentication strategy scenario corresponding to the battery swapping station information from the preset authentication strategy table based on the battery swapping station information in the authentication request, and determines the authentication strategy corresponding to the authentication strategy scenario. The authentication strategy includes a strong authentication strategy and a weak authentication strategy. The strong authentication strategy refers to the successful authentication of both the battery swapping vehicle information and the depleted battery information. The weak authentication strategy refers to the successful authentication of either the battery swapping vehicle information or the depleted battery information.

[0295] Authentication Strategy Table

[0296]

[0297] Furthermore, the battery swapping platform uses the authentication strategy to authenticate the battery swapping vehicle information and the depleted battery information, obtaining the authentication result as follows: when the authentication strategy is a strong authentication strategy, the battery swapping platform authenticates the battery swapping vehicle information and the depleted battery information separately. If both the battery swapping vehicle information and the depleted battery information pass authentication, the authentication result is successful; otherwise, the authentication result is unsuccessful. When the authentication strategy is a weak authentication strategy, the battery swapping platform authenticates the battery swapping vehicle information and the depleted battery information separately. If the battery swapping vehicle information and / or the depleted battery information pass authentication, the authentication result is successful; otherwise, the authentication result is unsuccessful.

[0298] The battery swapping station determines whether to allow the battery swapping vehicle to perform battery swapping based on the authentication result, including: when the authentication result is successful, the battery swapping station allows the battery swapping vehicle to perform battery swapping; when the authentication result is unsuccessful, the battery swapping station does not allow the battery swapping vehicle to perform battery swapping.

[0299] Figure 8 This is a detailed flowchart of a battery swapping authentication method provided by the present invention, as follows: Figure 8 As shown, it includes:

[0300] Step 1: When the battery swapping vehicle's controller connects to the battery swapping station's WIFI, the controller actively sends a heartbeat message (0x01). The heartbeat is sent periodically, and the station controller (battery swapping station) replies with the corresponding heartbeat data (0x02).

[0301] Step 2: When the battery swapping platform sends a battery swapping control command to the battery swapping station control, the battery swapping station control pushes the battery swapping station information, the information of the vehicle about to be swapped, and the information of the depleted battery to the platform.

[0302] Step 3: The battery swapping platform will push the obtained battery information, battery swapping station information, and battery swapping vehicle information to the authentication server;

[0303] Step 4: Use the battery swapping station information to find the corresponding authentication strategy in the authentication server;

[0304] Authentication strategies are divided into closed station strategies, dedicated station strategies, and open public station strategies. Different authentication strategies are invoked according to different scenarios to perform authentication strategies on vehicles, batteries, and battery swapping stations within the scenario scope.

[0305] Strong authentication refers to the requirement for precise authentication and verification of vehicles, batteries, and battery swapping stations.

[0306] Weak authentication refers to not performing precise authentication verification on the vehicle or battery, but only performing precise authentication on other elements; partial verification is considered successful. It can be configured according to the actual business operation scenario. For example, weak authentication may involve not performing precise authentication verification on the vehicle, but only performing precise authentication on the battery swapping station and the battery; or weak authentication may involve not performing precise authentication verification on the battery, but only performing precise authentication on the battery swapping station and the vehicle.

[0307] Step 5: Obtain the authentication strategy and compare it with the obtained information on battery swapping vehicles and depleted batteries;

[0308] If the authentication strategy fails to match any or both of the information on the battery swapping vehicle and the depleted battery, the authentication result will be returned as a failure, and a battery swapping prohibition instruction will be generated and sent to the battery swapping station.

[0309] Step 6: Complete authentication and determine the usage rights of the vehicle and battery;

[0310] If the access permissions for either or both of the battery swapping vehicle and depleted battery information in the access device are not approved, the authentication result will be returned as a failure, and a battery swapping prohibition command will be generated and sent to the battery swapping station.

[0311] Step 7: Once the identification codes of the battery swapping vehicle and battery connected to the device are in the whitelist and authentication is successful, the battery swapping platform pushes a message to the station control system of the battery swapping station, allowing the vehicle to start the battery swapping process.

[0312] If the access permissions for either or both of the battery swapping vehicle and depleted battery information identification codes fail, the authentication result will be returned as a failure, and a battery swapping prohibition instruction will be generated and sent to the battery swapping station.

[0313] Among them, the battery swapping platform sends a battery swapping pre-verification request to the station control to check whether the current vehicle has the conditions for battery swapping at the station. Specifically, the pre-verification is achieved through request uplink messages and response downlink messages.

[0314] The heavy-duty truck battery swapping system provided in this embodiment also includes: during the heavy-duty truck (vehicle) battery swapping process, it further includes safety protection processing steps, such as... Figures 9-11 As shown, the details are as follows:

[0315] Figure 9 This is a flowchart of a safety protection method during battery swapping provided by the present invention, such as... Figure 9 As shown, it includes:

[0316] Step S3001: When the vehicle is switched to the ON position by the user and the vehicle controller is woken up, the vehicle controller sends a self-test command to the battery management system.

[0317] Step S3002: The battery management system obtains the current system status mode according to the self-test command;

[0318] Step S3003: When the current system state mode is the battery swapping system state mode, the battery management system sends a self-test anomaly message to the vehicle controller, causing the vehicle controller to terminate the current vehicle power-on process based on the self-test anomaly message.

[0319] Furthermore, when the current system state mode is the battery swapping system state mode, the battery management system sends a self-test anomaly message to the vehicle controller, causing the vehicle controller to terminate the current vehicle's power-on process based on the self-test anomaly message. This includes: when the current system state mode is the battery swapping system state mode, the battery management system generates a self-test anomaly message containing the fault cause as battery swapping, and sends the self-test anomaly message containing the fault cause as battery swapping to the vehicle controller; the vehicle controller terminates the current vehicle's power-on process based on the self-test anomaly message containing the fault cause as battery swapping.

[0320] After the vehicle controller terminates the current vehicle power-on process, the method further includes: the vehicle controller periodically sending fault messages containing information about battery swapping to the digital instrument via the CAN network, so that the digital instrument displays the fault messages about battery swapping.

[0321] The embodiments of the present invention further include: when the current system state mode is the normal system state mode, the battery management system detects whether the current battery state is normal; when the current battery state is detected to be normal, it sends a self-test normal message to the vehicle controller, causing the vehicle controller to return a battery high-voltage command to the battery management system based on the self-test normal message; the battery management system closes the battery main contactor and the thermal management system high-voltage contactor based on the battery high-voltage command, thereby completing the current vehicle power-on process; when the current battery state is detected to be abnormal, it sends a self-test abnormal message to the vehicle controller, causing the vehicle controller to terminate the current vehicle power-on process based on the self-test abnormal message.

[0322] The battery management system detects whether the current battery status is normal by detecting whether the current battery status is available, whether the insulation is normal, whether the high-voltage interlock is normal, whether the relay is normal, whether the battery thermal management system is normal, and whether the voltage / current / temperature is normal. If the current battery status is available and the insulation, high-voltage interlock, relay, battery thermal management system, and voltage / current / temperature are all normal, then the current battery status is detected as normal. If the current battery status is unavailable, or if at least one of the insulation, high-voltage interlock, relay, battery thermal management system, and voltage / current / temperature is abnormal, then the current battery status is detected as abnormal.

[0323] After the vehicle controller returns a high-voltage command to the battery management system, the method further includes: the vehicle controller periodically sending a normal message indicating that the battery swap is complete to the digital instrument via the CAN network, so that the digital instrument displays the normal message indicating that the battery swap is complete.

[0324] This invention also includes: when the battery swapping controller receives a battery swapping start command from the battery swapping station, it switches the current normal system state mode to the battery swapping in progress system state mode, and periodically reports the battery swapping in progress system state mode to the battery management system via the CAN network; the battery management system saves the battery swapping in progress system state mode, and sets the current battery state to unavailable according to the battery swapping in progress system state mode, thereby avoiding the closure of the battery main contactor and the thermal management system high-voltage contactor due to abnormalities.

[0325] The embodiments of the present invention further include: when the battery swapping controller receives a battery swapping end command from the battery swapping station, it switches the current battery swapping system state mode to the normal system state mode, and periodically reports the normal system state mode to the battery management system via the CAN network; the battery management system saves the normal system state mode, and sets the current battery state to available according to the normal system state mode.

[0326] Figure 10 This is a flowchart of the safe battery swapping process provided by the present invention, such as... Figure 10 As shown, the role of the Battery Swap Controller (BSC) is changed from solely functioning as a command transceiver. The BSC is divided into a battery swapping system state and a non-battery swapping system state. When swapping is in progress, the BSC actively reports the "battery swapping" status to the Battery Management System (BMS). The BMS then renders the Vehicle Control Unit (VCU) unavailable. If the driver attempts to start the engine at this time, the vehicle cannot receive high voltage and cannot move. The specific process includes:

[0327] Step A1: After completing the self-test, the SCS (Station Control System) of the battery swapping station sends a battery swapping start command to the BSC (Battery Swapping Controller).

[0328] Step A2: After receiving the battery swapping start command, the battery swapping controller (BSC) first completes a self-check of the battery swapping system's status. Then, in the status management module, it sets the current battery swapping system status to "Battery Swapping in Progress" and continuously sends battery swapping system status update messages to the BMS. Finally, it replies with a response message to the battery swapping station control system (SCS), which includes: the start command execution result and the lockout status.

[0329] Step A3: After receiving the battery swapping system status update message, the Battery Management System (BMS) sets its own battery status to "unavailable".

[0330] Step A4: The battery swapping station control system (SCS) sends an unlock command to the battery swapping controller (BSC). Upon receiving the unlock command, the BSC first activates the locking mechanism to unlock the battery, and finally replies to the SCS with a response message. This response message includes: the unlock command execution result, the battery swapping system status, the serial number of the removed battery, the vehicle identification number (VIN), the state of charge (SOC) of the removed battery, and the state of health (SOH) of the removed battery.

[0331] Step A5: The battery swapping station control system (SCS) drives the battery swapping robot to remove the current onboard battery and replace it with a new one.

[0332] Step A6: The battery swapping station control system (SCS) sends a lockout command to the battery swapping controller (BSC). Upon receiving the lockout command, the BSC first activates the locking mechanism to lock the battery, and finally replies to the SCS with a response message. This response message includes: the lockout command execution result, the battery swapping system status, the serial number of the swapped battery, the vehicle VIN code, the state of charge (SOC) of the swapped battery, and the state of health (SOH) of the swapped battery.

[0333] Step A7: The battery swapping station control system (SCS) first completes the environmental safety check of the battery swapping station to confirm that the station meets the conditions for safe vehicle departure, and finally sends a battery swapping end command to the battery swapping controller (BSC).

[0334] Step A8: After receiving the battery swapping end command, the battery swapping controller (BSC) first sets the current battery swapping system status to "normal", and continuously sends battery swapping system status update messages to the BMS. Finally, it replies to the battery swapping station control system (SCS) with a response message, which includes: the execution result of the end command, the battery swapping system status, the self-test status, the serial number of the replaced battery, the vehicle VIN code, the battery state of charge (SOC), and the battery health status (SOH).

[0335] Step A9: After receiving the battery swapping system status update message, the Battery Management System (BMS) sets its own battery status to "normal".

[0336] Figure 11 This is a flowchart illustrating the safety protection method during the battery swapping process provided by the present invention. Figure 11 As shown, it includes:

[0337] Step B1: The driver shifts the gear to the ON position. The ON position wakes up the vehicle control unit (VCU) via a hard-wired high-level signal.

[0338] Step B2: After the vehicle control unit (VCU) is woken up, it sends a self-test command to the battery management system (BMS).

[0339] Step B3: The Battery Management System (BMS) performs a self-status check and simultaneously checks the status of its own battery. If the battery status is "available," proceed to step B3.2; otherwise, proceed to step B3.1.

[0340] The process described in B3.1 is as follows:

[0341] Step B3.1.1: The Battery Management System (BMS) reports a Level 2 fault to the Vehicle Controller (VCU), with the fault cause being "Battery swapping in progress".

[0342] Step B3.1.2: After the vehicle controller (VCU) identifies a BMS level 2 fault, it terminates the power-on process and reports the BMS level 2 fault to the digital instrument ICU, with the fault cause being "battery swapping in progress".

[0343] Step B3.1.3: The digital instrument ICU displays the BMS level 2 fault information as "Battery swapping in progress" and shows the corresponding fault code.

[0344] Step B3.1.4: After the driver obtains the fault information, wait for the battery swap to finish.

[0345] The process described in B3.2 is as follows:

[0346] Step B3.2.1: The Battery Management System (BMS) reports that the self-test is normal to the Vehicle Controller (VCU).

[0347] Step B3.2.2: The vehicle control unit (VCU) sends a high-voltage command to the battery management system (BMS).

[0348] Step B3.2.3: The Battery Management System (BMS) closes the main battery contactor and the high-voltage contactor of the thermal management system.

[0349] Step B3.2.4: The vehicle control unit (VCU) reports power-on completion to the digital instrumentation unit (ICU).

[0350] Step B3.2.5: After the driver observes that everything on the instrument panel is normal, he engages drive and drives away from the battery swapping station.

[0351] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the safety protection system during the battery swapping process provided by the present invention, as shown below. Figure 5 As shown, it includes:

[0352] 5.1 Battery Swapping Station Control System (SCS):

[0353] 511) It has an environmental perception and management module. Based on the safety risk factors identified by various environmental sensors deployed within the station, it can output whether the battery swapping station meets the conditions for leaving the station.

[0354] 512) It has a self-test module. It can identify faults in the battery swapping robot and output whether the battery swapping system at the station is working properly.

[0355] 5.2 Battery Swapping Controller (BSC):

[0356] 521) It has a status management module. It stores the status of the on-board battery swapping system, with values ​​including "Battery swapping in progress" and "Normal".

[0357] 522) It has a self-test module. It can identify faults in the locking mechanism and battery swapping connector, and output whether the vehicle-side battery swapping system is working properly.

[0358] 523) The control module monitors the status management module in real time and continuously sends battery swapping system status update messages to the battery management system (BMS) through the power CAN (Controller Area Network) based on the monitoring results.

[0359] 5.3 Battery Management System (BMS):

[0360] 531) It has a status management module. It stores the battery status, with values ​​including "available" and "unavailable". When the battery swapping controller (BSC) reports the battery swapping system status as "swapping in progress", the BMS sets the battery status to "unavailable"; when the BSC reports the battery swapping system status as "normal", the BMS sets the battery status to "available"; when a message times out, the BMS sets the battery status to "unknown".

[0361] 532) After the BMS receives the self-test command from the VCU via the power CAN network, in addition to performing insulation testing, high-voltage interlock testing, operating voltage and temperature testing, the BMS also needs to check the battery status. When the battery status is "unavailable" or "unknown," a BMS level-two fault message is sent to the VCU via the power CAN network; otherwise, a self-test normal message is sent. Specifically, when the battery status is "unavailable," the BMS level-two fault reason is "battery swapping in progress," and when the battery status is "unknown," the BMS level-two fault reason is "communication timeout."

[0362] 5.4 Vehicle Control Unit (VCU): When it receives a Level 2 fault message "Battery swapping in progress" from the BMS, it needs to terminate the current high-voltage connection process and forward the corresponding information to the Digital Instrumentation ICU.

[0363] 5.5 Digital Instrument ICU: When receiving a BMS Level 2 fault report forwarded by the VCU, the corresponding fault code needs to be converted to "Battery Swapping in Progress" and displayed on the instrument panel.

[0364] The battery swapping system status update message is a CAN network message sent by the battery swapping controller (BSC) with a transmission period of 100 milliseconds. Its content includes: battery swapping system status, locking status, and connector status. Specific values ​​are as follows:

[0365]

[0366] In summary, the present invention has the following advantages: it can prevent damage to the battery swapping station or battery caused by abnormal starting of a vehicle during battery swapping, thus avoiding personal safety accidents; it can detect whether the battery swapping station is ready to leave, effectively preventing personal safety accidents to drivers caused by unsafe environments.

[0367] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of this application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, this application can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, this application can take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code. The solutions in the embodiments of this application can be implemented in various computer languages, such as the object-oriented programming language Java and the interpreted scripting language JavaScript.

[0368] This application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of this application. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart... Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0369] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0370] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0371] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0372] Although preferred embodiments of this application have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments as well as all changes and modifications falling within the scope of this application.

[0373] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. Therefore, if such modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this application and their equivalents, this application also intends to include such modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A heavy-duty truck battery swapping system, characterized in that, The system includes: a battery swapping station and vehicles; The vehicle includes a heavy-duty truck, a battery base, and a vehicle battery. The battery swapping station includes a service layer and an equipment layer; The heavy-duty truck is connected to the business layer; During charging, the battery base is connected to the device layer; wherein: The business layer includes: industrial control computers, workstations, industrial tablets, intranet network devices, vehicle identification systems, barcode scanners, and operational equipment; the industrial control computers are connected to the device layer via a bus; the industrial control computers are connected to the external network devices and video surveillance system via an external network; the industrial control computers are connected to the workstations, barcode scanners, operational equipment, and vehicle identification systems respectively; the industrial control computers are connected to the intranet network devices via an intranet; the industrial tablets are connected to the intranet network devices via WIFI; the intranet network devices are also connected to the heavy-duty trucks via WIFI. The equipment layer includes: an in-station battery, a first charging gun, a charging mechanism, an equipment layer controller, a battery swapping mechanism, in-station equipment, and sensors. The equipment layer controller, battery swapping mechanism, in-station equipment, and sensors are respectively connected to the industrial control computer via a bus. The equipment layer controller, battery swapping mechanism, in-station equipment, and sensors are also respectively connected to the in-station battery via a bus addressing device. The charging mechanism is connected to the industrial control computer via a bus. The charging mechanism is also connected to the in-station battery via a charging bus. The charging mechanism is also connected to the first charging gun. During charging, the first charging gun is also connected to the vehicle battery.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The industrial control computer includes monitoring services and operation services; The workstation includes the server-side of the station control system; The industrial tablet includes a client for the station control system; The intranet network devices include one or more of the following: routers, switches, and wireless hotspots.

3. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The battery in the station includes: a first battery management system (BMS), a first thermal management system (TMS), and a first battery operation controller.

4. The system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The heavy-duty truck includes a battery swapping controller, a vehicle communication unit (VCU), a license plate, and / or an RFID tag. The battery base includes: a locking mechanism, a locking connector, a temperature sensor, and a charging socket; The vehicle battery includes: a second BMS, a second TMS, and a second battery operation controller.

5. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The second BMS, the second TMS, and the second battery operation controller are respectively connected to the battery swapping controller via VCU; The locking mechanism, locking device, connector, and temperature sensor are respectively connected to the battery swapping controller via hardwired connections. The charging socket is connected to the second BMS; The battery swapping controller is also connected to the intranet network devices via WIFI.

6. The system according to claim 5, characterized in that, During charging, the charging socket is also connected to the first charging gun.

7. The system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The system also includes an external charging station; During charging, the charging socket is also connected to the external charging pile.

8. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The external charging station includes a second charging gun and network equipment.

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