Elastic shield support mechanism and method for temporary support of coal mine roadway

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of roadway construction machinery, and in particular to an elastic shield support mechanism and a method for temporary support of coal mine roadways. The elastic shield support mechanism includes a top beam, a plurality of top jacks, a first telescopic beam, a second telescopic beam, two columns and two shoulder angle jacks. The top jacks are adapted to support the roadway roof. The columns are telescopic columns. The shoulder angle jacks are adapted to obliquely support the corresponding roadway shoulder angles. By arranging a plurality of top jacks on the top beam in the present invention, each top jack can support the uneven roadway roof; by arranging the shoulder angle jacks, the shoulder angle jacks can obliquely support the roadway shoulder angles; by arranging that both the first telescopic beam and the second telescopic beam are telescopic along the extending direction of the top beam and the columns are telescopic columns, the extension of the telescopic beams on both sides can be realized to adapt to roadways with different cross-sections. Thus, while the elastic shield support mechanism comprehensively supports the roadway, self-adaptive movement is realized, and the tunneling rate of the roadway is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of roadway construction machinery, and particularly relates to an elastic shield support mechanism and a method for temporary support of coal mine roadways. Background Art

[0002] The problem of advanced support in fully mechanized heading faces has long been a technical problem plaguing coal production. After the roadway is driven, the exposed roof cannot be effectively supported in time, often resulting in accidents such as roof falling and caving, causing casualties. It can be seen that while improving the heading speed, it is an urgent problem for us to ensure the safety of personnel and equipment in the heading face.

[0003] With the rapid improvement of the mechanization level and single production of heading, the requirements for the cross-sectional dimensions of the gateways by ventilation, transportation and mining technologies are getting higher and higher. The roadway width has reached 4500 - 6000 mm, the height has reached 3000 - 4500 mm, and the power of the roadheader is also getting larger. The traditional temporary supports such as the pipe-stringing front-probing beam and the single props plus crossbeams cannot meet the requirements of heading temporary support in terms of support capacity, support height, support speed, automation level, operability and safety, which greatly restricts the high-yield and high-efficiency performance of high-performance heading equipment.

[0004] At present, there are three types of temporary supports widely used at home and abroad: the front-probing beam type (i.e., the hanging-ring pipe-stringing front-probing beam temporary support), the prop plus crossbeam type (i.e., the multi-row single hydraulic prop plus high-strength I-beam shed beam support method), and the roadheader-mounted type (i.e., the roadheader-mounted temporary support device). Although these methods relieve the pressure of the heading face support to a certain extent and improve the support condition of the working face, they all have certain defects. They cannot move self-propelled and walk in all directions, and there are weak links in terms of safety. Moreover, the coal seam occurrence conditions are complex and changeable, and not every method can adapt to all underground roadways. Especially in soft and broken surrounding rock roadways and uneven roofs, full roof contact and comprehensive active support cannot be fully achieved. The specific analysis is as follows:

[0005] (1) The hanging-ring pipe-stringing front-probing beam temporary support

[0006] The hanging-ring pipe-stringing front-probing beam temporary support mainly consists of a hanging ring and a front-probing beam. The ring is fixed to the roof by bolts, and the front-probing beam is in the hanging ring and extends out to support the roof after being extended. Its main problems are as follows: ① Using semi-circular logs and wooden wedges to firmly wedge the steel against the roof, there is no initial support force, and there are great safety hazards; ② The front-probing beam and the roof are in point or line contact, and cannot effectively support the entire unsupported roof area. The use effect is even worse when the roof is broken; the operation process is complex, manual movement is required, the labor intensity is high, and the temporary support speed is slow and the efficiency is low; ③ In the anchor net support method, the operator must enter the unsupported roof area during the net laying operation, which has great safety hazards.

[0007] (2) Support method with multiple rows of single hydraulic props and high-strength I-beam shed beams

[0008] After the roadheader cuts coal, quickly use single hydraulic props to firmly support the empty roof, then conduct knocking on the sides and asking about the roof. After dealing with the loose gangue and floating stones, quickly use single props to push the I-beam and wire mesh to the flat part at the top, connect the mesh, and protect the roof. When installing each single hydraulic prop, at least 3 people are required to cooperate for advanced support. The labor intensity of workers is high, the cost is high, the danger of withdrawing props is great, there are potential safety hazards, and it affects the passage of personnel and equipment. The support effect and safety guarantee are not ideal.

[0009] (3) Roadheader-mounted temporary support device

[0010] It is mainly composed of left and right bases, left and right frames, left and right flipping frames, left and right folding arms, and a top frame beam, and is installed in the front middle part of the roadheader. When the roadheader is normally tunneling, this device folds and contracts on the back of the cutting reducer, without interfering with the movement and cutting operation functions of the roadheader; when support is needed, the position of the folding frame is controlled by operating the hydraulic control valve of the support folding frame, so that the folding frame extends to support the roof and completes the support function. Its main disadvantages are: ① The support area is small and cannot fully support the exposed roof; ② When installing the anchor mesh support, the operator is still working under the empty roof, with great potential safety hazards; ③ This device has poor adaptability to the roof. When tunneling, when the roof and floor undulate and the roadway becomes lower, the on-board support cannot be fully deployed, and the initial support force cannot be achieved, with relatively large potential safety hazards. In addition, the integrated roadheader and bolter can provide customized services according to the roadway specifications, and can achieve higher footage in coal seams with better geological conditions. However, the entire integrated roadheader and bolter has a high construction cost, and has poor adaptability to coal seams with soft and broken surrounding rock occurrence conditions. Once the roof of the roadway leaks or the coal wall has a large amount of spalling, it is extremely easy to make the integrated roadheader and bolter in a dilemma, and it cannot effectively play the fast tunneling performance in rock roadways. Summary of the Invention

[0011] The present invention provides an elastic shield support mechanism and a method for temporary support of coal mine roadways, aiming to solve the problem of active temporary support during tunneling under complex geological conditions in coal mines, especially suitable for roadways with soft and broken surrounding rock, and can especially achieve active full contact with the roof when the roof is uneven. At the same time, the shield device adopts a telescopic structure to complete the continuous active temporary support of the roof of the pre-excavated roadway. In addition, the elastic shield support mechanism can be used in conjunction with most coal mine roadway fully mechanized tunneling face equipment in inclined coal seams and gently inclined coal seams.

[0012] The present invention provides an elastic shield support mechanism, which is suitable for roadway support, and the elastic shield support mechanism includes:

[0013] A roof beam, with a first telescopic beam and a second telescopic beam provided at both ends of the roof beam, and both the first telescopic beam and the second telescopic beam are telescopic along the extending direction of the roof beam;

[0014] A plurality of top jacks, which are arranged on the upper surface of the roof beam along the length direction of the roof beam, and the top jacks are adapted to support the roadway roof;

[0015] Two columns, each column is located below the roof beam and is used to support the roof beam. The top of one column is connected to the first telescopic beam, and the top of the other column is connected to the second telescopic beam. The columns are telescopic columns;

[0016] Two shoulder angle jacks, one of the shoulder angle jacks is located at the top of one of the columns and is adapted to obliquely support the roadway shoulder angle, and the other shoulder angle jack is located at the top of the other column and is adapted to obliquely support the roadway shoulder angle.

[0017] According to an elastic shield support mechanism provided by the present invention, a plurality of the top jacks are sequentially attached and arranged on the roof beam along the length direction of the roof beam.

[0018] According to an elastic shield support mechanism provided by the present invention, the top of the column has a groove with an upward opening;

[0019] The shoulder angle jack includes: a mounting plate, the mounting plate covers the upper end of the groove, a rounded corner is provided on the lower side of the mounting plate, and the rounded corner is hinged in the groove;

[0020] An upper covering airbag jack, which is arranged on the upper side of the mounting plate;

[0021] A shoulder angle abutting plate, which is arranged on the upper surface of the upper covering airbag jack, and the shoulder angle abutting plate is adapted to abut against the roadway shoulder angle;

[0022] A movable guide rail, which is located on the upper side of the mounting plate, the lower end of the movable guide rail is connected to the mounting plate, and the movable guide rail extends in the vertical direction;

[0023] A rotating pull rod, one end of the rotating pull rod is connected to the shoulder angle abutting plate, the other end is adapted to move along the movable guide rail, and the rotating pull rod is pivotable relative to the movable guide rail;

[0024] A plurality of elastic members, all of the plurality of elastic members are located on the lower side of the mounting plate, and one end of each elastic member is connected to the mounting plate, and the other end is connected to the top of the column;

[0025] In the left - right direction of the roadway, when the movable guide rail is located on the left side of the upper - covering air - bag jack, the shoulder - angle jack inclines and supports towards the left; when the movable guide rail is located on the right side of the upper - covering air - bag jack, the shoulder - angle jack inclines and supports towards the right.

[0026] According to an elastic shield support mechanism provided by the present invention, at least one of the shoulder - angle jack and the top jack is an air - bag jack.

[0027] According to an elastic shield support mechanism provided by the present invention, the elastic shield support mechanism further includes two auxiliary support platforms. One of the auxiliary support platforms is connected to one end of the roof beam, and the other auxiliary support platform is connected to the other end of the roof beam.

[0028] The auxiliary support platform protrudes from the roof beam towards the roadway roof. An avoidance space is defined below the auxiliary support platform. The first telescopic beam and the second telescopic beam are adapted to telescopically move within the corresponding avoidance space, and each column is adapted to be received within the corresponding avoidance space.

[0029] According to an elastic shield support mechanism provided by the present invention, it further includes a diagonal - brace jack. One end of the diagonal - brace jack is hinged to the roof beam, and the other end is hinged to the corresponding column.

[0030] According to an elastic shield support mechanism provided by the present invention, it further includes a first telescopic jack and a second telescopic jack. One end of the first telescopic jack is connected to the roof beam, and the other end is connected to the first telescopic beam to drive the first telescopic beam to telescopically move; one end of the second telescopic jack is connected to the roof beam, and the other end is connected to the second telescopic beam to drive the second telescopic beam to telescopically move.

[0031] According to an elastic shield support mechanism provided by the present invention, the column includes:

[0032] An upper sleeve box, the top of the upper sleeve box is connected to the first telescopic beam or the second telescopic beam;

[0033] A lower sleeve box, the lower sleeve box is arranged inside the upper sleeve box, and the lower sleeve box is adapted to move relative to the upper sleeve box in the up - down direction;

[0034] A vertical jack, one end of the vertical jack is connected to the upper sleeve box, the other end of the vertical jack is connected to the lower sleeve box, and the vertical jack is adapted to drive the upper sleeve box to move relative to the lower sleeve box.

[0035] According to an elastic shield support mechanism provided by the present invention, it further includes:

[0036] A fixing base, which is connected to the lower end of the lower casing box;

[0037] A sheath, which is connected to the fixing base and covers the omnidirectional walking mechanism lifting jack;

[0038] An omnidirectional walking mechanism lifting jack, one end of which is connected to the sheath;

[0039] An omnidirectional walking wheel, which is connected to the other end of the omnidirectional walking mechanism lifting jack, and the omnidirectional walking mechanism lifting jack is adapted to drive the omnidirectional walking wheel to move in the vertical direction.

[0040] The present invention also provides a method for temporary support of a coal mine roadway. According to the elastic shield support mechanism described above, the method for applying the elastic shield support mechanism to the temporary support of the coal mine roadway, there are multiple elastic shield support mechanisms and they are arranged in the roadway. In the front-back direction of the roadheader, the multiple elastic shield support mechanisms are respectively the first group of support mechanisms, the second group of support mechanisms,... the Nth group of support mechanisms from front to back, and the method includes the following steps:

[0041] S1. After the roadheader advances forward by a first predetermined distance, contract the first group of support mechanisms and move the first group of support mechanisms forward by a second predetermined distance;

[0042] S2. Install an anchor mesh on the top jack and the shoulder angle jack, expand the first group of support mechanisms, extend the top jack so that the anchor mesh fits with the roadway roof, and extend the shoulder angle jack obliquely so that the anchor mesh fits with the inclined side wall in the roadway;

[0043] S3. Repeat steps S1 to S2 for the second group of support mechanisms... the Nth group of support mechanisms.

[0044] S4. When the expansion of the Nth group of support mechanisms is completed, set top bolts at the anchor mesh;

[0045] S5. When the setting of the top bolts is completed, repeat steps S1 to S5.

[0046] According to the elastic shield support mechanism of the embodiment of the present invention, by arranging multiple top jacks on the top beam, for the uneven roadway roof structure, each top jack can independently support the roadway roof of different planes, and thus multiple top jacks can support the uneven roadway roof. By arranging shoulder angle jacks, the shoulder angle jacks can play a role in inclined support for the roadway shoulder angles, thereby realizing comprehensive support for the roadway shoulder angles.

[0047] In addition, by setting that both the first telescopic beam and the second telescopic beam are telescopic along the extension direction of the top beam, and the column is a telescopic column, relying on the telescoping of the first telescopic beam and the second telescopic beam, the extension of the telescopic beams on both sides is realized to adapt to roadways with different cross-sections. The elastic shield support mechanism can switch between the retracted state and the deployed state, and thus the elastic shield support mechanism in the retracted state moves from below the elastic shield support mechanism in the deployed state. Thus, while the elastic shield support mechanism fully supports the roadway, the position of the elastic shield support mechanism can be quickly adjusted to achieve adaptive movement, thereby improving the tunneling rate of the roadway. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0048] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0049] Figure 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of the elastic shield support mechanism provided by the present invention, wherein the elastic shield support mechanism is in the retracted state;

[0050] Figure 2 is Figure 1 a partial enlarged schematic view of the position A in

[0051] Figure 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of the elastic shield support mechanism provided by the present invention, wherein the elastic shield support mechanism is in the deployed state;

[0052] Figure 4 is Figure 3 a partial enlarged schematic view of the position B in

[0053] Figure 5 is a partial cross-sectional view of the elastic shield support mechanism provided by the present invention, wherein the elastic shield support mechanism is in the deployed state;

[0054] Figure 6 is a top view of the elastic shield support mechanism provided by the present invention;

[0055] Figure 7 is a partial cross-sectional view of the elastic shield support mechanism provided by the present invention, wherein the elastic shield support mechanism is in the retracted state;

[0056] Figure 8 is Figure 7 a partial enlarged schematic view of the position C in

[0057] Figure 9 is a partial cross-sectional view of the elastic shield support mechanism provided by the present invention, wherein the vertical jack is in the extended state;

[0058] Figure 10 It is a schematic structural diagram of the elastic shield support mechanism provided by the present invention, wherein the elastic shield support mechanism abuts against the roadway roof;

[0059] Figure 11 is Figure 10 The partial enlarged schematic diagram at position D in

[0060] Figure 12 It is a schematic structural diagram of multiple elastic shield support mechanisms provided by the present invention, wherein one elastic shield support mechanism is in a retracted state and the other elastic shield support mechanism is in an unfolded state;

[0061] Figure 13 It is a schematic diagram during the installation process of the temporary support for coal mine roadways provided by the present invention;

[0062] Figure 14 It is a schematic diagram during the installation process of the temporary support for coal mine roadways provided by the present invention;

[0063] Figure 15 It is a schematic diagram during the installation process of the temporary support for coal mine roadways provided by the present invention;

[0064] Figure 16 It is a schematic diagram during the installation process of the temporary support for coal mine roadways provided by the present invention;

[0065] Figure 17 It is a schematic diagram during the installation process of the temporary support for coal mine roadways provided by the present invention;

[0066] Figure 18 It is a schematic diagram during the installation process of the temporary support for coal mine roadways provided by the present invention;

[0067] Figure 19 It is a schematic diagram during the installation process of the temporary support for coal mine roadways provided by the present invention;

[0068] Figure 20 It is a schematic diagram during the installation process of the temporary support for coal mine roadways provided by the present invention.

[0069] Reference numerals:

[0070] 100, elastic shield support mechanism;

[0071] 110. Vertical jack; 120. First telescopic jack; 121. Second telescopic jack; 130. Diagonal brace jack; 140. Omnidirectional walking mechanism lifting jack; 141. Omnidirectional walking wheel; 142. Fixed seat; 143. Sheath; 150. Top jack; 151. Protective cover; 200. Roof beam; 210. First telescopic beam; 220. Second telescopic beam; 230. Auxiliary support platform; 300. Column; 310. Upper sleeve box; 320. Lower sleeve box; 350. Suspension ring; 360. Anti-toppling chain; 400. Shoulder angle jack; 410. Mounting plate; 411. Rounded corner; 412. Rounded corner pin; 420. Upper covering airbag jack; 430. Shoulder angle abutting plate; 440. Movable guide rail; 450. Rotating pull rod; 460. Elastic member; 470. Groove; 480. Telescopic corrugated rubber dust cover; 500. Roadway roof; 510. Roadway side wall; 520. Roadway floor; 600. Roadheader; 610. Top bolt; 620. Anchor mesh. Detailed implementation manner

[0072] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are some but not all of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments in the present invention without making creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0073] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation to the embodiments of the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0074] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0075] In the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the first feature being "on" or "under" the second feature may be that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are indirectly in contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, the first feature being "above", "over" and "on top of" the second feature may be that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicates that the horizontal height of the first feature is higher than that of the second feature. The first feature being "under", "beneath" and "underneath" the second feature may be that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or merely indicates that the horizontal height of the first feature is less than that of the second feature.

[0076] The following will combine Figures 1 - 20 to describe the elastic shield support mechanism of the embodiments of the present invention. The elastic shield support mechanism is used for the temporary support of roadways. It should be noted that this device is designed and manufactured taking a rectangular roadway as an example, aiming to solve the problem of active temporary support during tunneling under complex geological conditions in coal mines, and is especially suitable for roadways with soft and broken surrounding rocks, especially when the roof is uneven, it can achieve active full roof contact.

[0077] Combined with Figures 1 - 5 As shown, the elastic shield support mechanism 100 according to the embodiments of the present invention includes a top beam 200, a first telescopic beam 210, a second telescopic beam 220, a plurality of top jacks 150, two columns 300, and two shoulder angle jacks 400. Here, both the top beam 200 and the columns 300 can adopt an assembled box structure. This facilitates the timely hanging of side nets. While relying on the first telescopic beam 210 and the second telescopic beam 220 to expand the elastic shield support mechanism 100, the support for the roadway side can be realized, and it can play a role in actively restricting the deformation of the coal and rock on the side 510 of the roadway.

[0078] Specifically, referring to Figure 1 As shown, the two ends of the top beam 200 are provided with a first telescopic beam 210 and a second telescopic beam 220, and both the first telescopic beam 210 and the second telescopic beam 220 can be telescopic along the extending direction of the top beam 200. The first telescopic beam 210 can extend or retract from the left end of the top beam 200 (such as Figure 1 the left end shown) or retract, and the second telescopic beam 220 can extend or retract from the right end of the top beam 200 (such as Figure 1 the right end shown). By setting that both the first telescopic beam 210 and the second telescopic beam 220 are telescopic along the extending direction of the top beam 200, thus the elastic shield support mechanism 100 can be telescopic to the left and / or to the right to adapt to roadways with different cross-sections. At the same time, the elastic shield support mechanism 100 can support the side 510 of the roadway through telescoping and unfolding, and play a role in actively restricting the deformation of the side 510 of the roadway and protecting the surface.

[0079] [[ID=_{22]]Combined with Figure 1 、 Figure 6 and Figure 10As shown, multiple top jacks 150 can be arranged on the upper surface of the roof beam 200 along the length direction of the roof beam 200, and the top jacks 150 are adapted to support the roadway roof 500. It should be noted that after tunneling, the roadway roof 500 is in an uneven shape. The top jacks 150 can extend towards the roadway roof 500, and each top jack 150 can be independently controlled. By independently controlling each top jack 150, each top jack 150 can independently support the roadway roof 500 on different planes, so that the multiple top jacks 150 can support the uneven roadway roof 500.

[0080] Here, the top jack 150 can be an airbag jack. For example, the airbag jack can use compressed air as the power source, and the lifting height can reach more than 20 cm. The airbag jack is relatively light in weight, which can reduce the pressure on the roof beam 200. Multiple airbag jacks can use the same power air source to quickly supply power to the airbag jacks. The compressed air used for underground bolt support is generally 0.7 MPa - 0.8 MPa, which meets the requirements for the safe use of airbag jacks.

[0081] Combined with Figure 1 and Figure 10 As shown, a shoulder angle jack 400 is correspondingly arranged at the top of each of the two columns 300. It should be noted that generally, the cutting head of the roadheader 600 is of a vertical axis structure, and the rotation axis of the cutting head of the vertical axis roadheader 600 is coaxially arranged with the cantilever axis. During the cutting process, for a rectangular roadway, an arc surface is easily formed at the shoulder angle (shoulder socket). If it is a roadway in soft and broken surrounding rock, coal and rock blocks are likely to fall at the shoulder socket of the roadway, which has always been a weak link in roof support. Combined with Figure 10 As shown, the intersection of the roadway roof 500 and the roadway side wall 510 is the roadway shoulder angle, and the roadway shoulder angle has a certain slope. If the top jack 150 rises vertically (such as the up and down direction shown in Figure 1 ) and abuts against the roadway shoulder angle, due to the certain slope of the roadway shoulder angle, the top jack 150 cannot fully support the roadway shoulder angle. By arranging the shoulder angle jack 400 at the top of the column 300, the shoulder angle jack 400 can play an inclined support role for the roadway shoulder angle, thereby realizing the full support of the roadway shoulder angle.

[0082] Refer to Figure 11 As shown, a shoulder angle jack 400 is arranged at the top of the left column 300; a shoulder angle jack 400 is arranged at the top of the right column 300. In other words, one of the two shoulder angle jacks 400 is located at the top of one of the columns 300 and is adapted to inclinedly support the roadway shoulder angle; the other of the two shoulder angle jacks 400 is located at the top of the other column 300 and is adapted to inclinedly support the roadway shoulder angle.

[0083] It can be understood that in combination with Figure 11 As shown, the shoulder angle jack 400 at the top of the left vertical column 300 will tilt towards the side wall 510 of the roadway on the left, and the shoulder angle jack 400 at the top of the right vertical column 300 will tilt towards the side wall 510 of the roadway on the right.

[0084] In combination with Figure 4 and Figure 11 As shown, taking the shoulder angle jack 400 at the top of the left vertical column 300 as an example, the shoulder angle jack 400 can first rise vertically until the left side of the shoulder angle jack 400 abuts against the roadway shoulder angle. The shoulder angle jack 400 continues to extend upward. With the abutting part between the shoulder angle jack 400 and the roadway shoulder angle as the rotation center, the right side of the shoulder angle jack 400 rotates and tilts towards the left and abuts against the roadway shoulder angle.

[0085] Similarly, the abutting method of the shoulder angle jack 400 at the top of the right vertical column 300 is the same as that on the left. The shoulder angle jack 400 can first rise vertically until the right side of the shoulder angle jack 400 abuts against the roadway shoulder angle. The shoulder angle jack 400 continues to extend upward. With the abutting part between the shoulder angle jack 400 and the roadway shoulder angle as the rotation center, the left side of the shoulder angle jack 400 rotates and tilts towards the right and abuts against the roadway shoulder angle. Thus, the shoulder angle jack 400 can tilt and support the roadway shoulder angles on both sides.

[0086] It should be noted that by setting the shoulder angle jack 400 at the top of the vertical column 300, effective support for the roadway shoulder angle can be achieved, preventing the coal and rock blocks at the shoulder angle from caving in. Further, the shoulder angle jack 400 can be an airbag jack. For example, the airbag jack can use compressed air as the power source, and the lifting height can reach more than 20 cm. The airbag jack is relatively light in weight, which can reduce the pressure on the roof beam 200. And multiple airbag jacks can use the same power air source to quickly supply power to the airbag jacks. The compressed air used for underground bolt support is generally 0.7 - 0.8 MPa, which meets the safety use requirements of the airbag jack.

[0087] In combination with Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, each vertical column 300 is located below the roof beam 200 and is used to support the roof beam 200. The top of one of the vertical columns 300 is connected to the first telescopic beam 210, and the top of the other vertical column 300 is connected to the second telescopic beam 220. The vertical column 300 is a telescopic vertical column. It should be noted that by setting the vertical column 300 as a telescopic vertical column, the elastic shield support mechanism 100 as a whole can be telescoped in the vertical direction.

[0088] It can be understood that each column 300 extends towards the roadway roof 500, enabling the roof beam 200 to move vertically towards the roadway roof 500; when the roof beam 200 moves towards the roadway roof 500, some top jacks 150 on the roof beam 200 can support the lowest plane of the roadway roof 500, and then the non - contacting top jacks 150 can be independently controlled to continue extending towards the roadway roof 500. In this way, each top jack 150 can support the roadway roof 500, enabling the elastic shield support mechanism 100 to achieve full contact with the uneven roadway roof 500, thus achieving the purpose of solving the problem of active temporary support during tunneling under complex geological conditions in coal mines.

[0089] Figure 1 is a partial cross - sectional view of the elastic shield support mechanism 100 provided by the present invention, in which the elastic shield support mechanism 100 is in a retracted state. Taking Figure 1 as an example, when the column 300 retracts, the first telescopic beam 210 retracts, and the second telescopic beam 220 retracts, the elastic shield support mechanism 100 is in a retracted state. Figure 3 is a partial cross - sectional view of the elastic shield support mechanism 100 provided by the present invention, in which the elastic shield support mechanism 100 is in an extended state. Taking Figure 3 as an example, when the column 300 extends, the first telescopic beam 210 extends, and the second telescopic beam 220 extends, the elastic shield support mechanism 100 is in an extended state.

[0090] Combined with Figure 12 shown, Figure 12 includes two groups of elastic shield support mechanisms 100. One group of elastic shield support mechanisms 100 is in an extended state and can support the roadway roof 500; the other group of elastic shield support mechanisms 100 is in a retracted state and can pass under the elastic shield support mechanism 100 in the extended state. In this way, after tunneling a certain distance in the roadway, one elastic shield support mechanism 100 is used for temporary support of the roadway; after tunneling another certain distance, the elastic shield support mechanism 100 in the retracted state can pass under the elastic shield support mechanism 100 in the extended state for temporary support of the newly excavated roadway.

[0091] According to the elastic shield support mechanism 100 of the embodiment of the present invention, by arranging a plurality of top jacks 150 on the roof beam 200, for the uneven structure of the roadway roof 500, each top jack 150 can independently support the roadway roof 500 on different planes, and thus a plurality of top jacks 150 can support the uneven roadway roof 500. By arranging the shoulder angle jacks 400, the shoulder angle jacks 400 can play a role in inclined support for the roadway shoulder angle, thereby achieving full support for the roadway shoulder angle.

[0092] In addition, by setting both the first telescopic beam 210 and the second telescopic beam 220 to be telescopic along the extending direction of the top beam 200, and the upright column 300 to be a telescopic upright column 300, relying on the telescoping of the first telescopic beam 210 and the second telescopic beam 220, the telescopic beams on both sides of the top beam 200 are extended to adapt to roadways with different cross-sections. The elastic shield support mechanism 100 can be switched between a retracted state and an extended state, and thus the elastic shield support mechanism 100 in the retracted state moves from below the elastic shield support mechanism 100 in the extended state. Thus, while the elastic shield support mechanism 100 fully supports the roadway, the position of the elastic shield support mechanism 100 can be quickly adjusted to achieve self-adaptive movement, thereby improving the tunneling rate of the roadway.

[0093] According to some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in combination with Figure 1 、 Figure 3 and Figure 10 shown, a plurality of top jacks 150 are sequentially attached and arranged along the length direction of the top beam 200 on the top beam 200. This can arrange the top jacks 150 along the length direction of the top beam 200 to prevent a large-area empty roof situation when the elastic shield support mechanism 100 supports the roof 500 of the roadway, achieving full contact with the roof 500 of the roadway, and at the same time making the load distribution of the top beam 200 more uniform.

[0094] Since the top jacks 150 need to move up and down, if the top jacks 150 are too tightly attached to each other, it will cause mutual friction during up and down movement and damage the top jacks 150; but if they are not tightly attached, there will be gaps between the top jacks 150, and some loose rocks and floating stones will fall from the roof 500 of the roadway into the gaps, hindering the movement of the top jacks 150 at both ends of the gaps.

[0095] As Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 6 shown, in some embodiments, a protective cover 151 is sleeved on the top jack 150. By setting the protective cover 151 to cover the periphery of the top jack 150, the gaps between the top jacks 150 are blocked by the protective cover 151, and loose rocks and floating stones cannot fall into the gaps, playing a protective role for the plurality of top jacks 150. For example, the protective cover 151 can be a box-type steel protective cover 151.

[0096] Referring to Figure 15 shown, the protective cover 151 can drive the anchor net 620 (such as a steel wire mesh) to move. When the top jack 150 contacts the roof 500 of the roadway, at the top of the protective cover 151, the anchor net 620 can be clamped between the top jack 150 and the roof 500 of the roadway, so that the anchor net 620 and the roof 500 of the roadway can be attached together, and the anchor net 620 can achieve strong and effective active support for the uneven roof 500 of the roadway.

[0097] According to some embodiments of the present invention, in combination with Figure 4 、 Figure 8 and Figure 11 As shown, the top of the column 300 has a groove 470 with an upward opening. The shoulder angle jack 400 includes a mounting plate 410, an upper covering airbag jack 420, a shoulder angle abutting plate 430, a movable guide rail 440, a rotating pull rod 450, and a plurality of elastic members 460.

[0098] Specifically, the mounting plate 410 covers the upper end of the groove 470. A fillet 411 is provided on the lower side of the mounting plate 410. The fillet 411 is hinged in the groove 470 and can move in the groove 470. The upper covering airbag jack 420 is provided on the upper side of the mounting plate 410. The shoulder angle abutting plate 430 is provided on the upper surface of the upper covering airbag jack 420 and is adapted to abut against the roadway shoulder angle. When the airbag is inflated, the shoulder angle abutting plate 430 will move away from the mounting plate 410 and the shoulder angle abutting plate 430 will abut against the roadway shoulder angle.

[0099] In combination with Figure 2 As shown, the movable guide rail 440 is located on the upper side of the mounting plate 410. The lower end of the movable guide rail 440 is connected to the mounting plate 410 and the movable guide rail 440 extends in the vertical direction. One end of the rotating pull rod 450 is connected to the shoulder angle abutting plate 430, and the other end is adapted to move along the movable guide rail 440 and the rotating pull rod 450 is pivotable relative to the movable guide rail 440. As Figure 3 As shown, in the left - right direction of the roadway, when the movable guide rail 440 is located on the left side of the upper covering airbag jack 420, the shoulder angle jack 400 supports in an inclined manner towards the left; when the movable guide rail 440 is located on the right side of the upper covering airbag jack 420, the shoulder angle jack 400 supports in an inclined manner towards the right.

[0100] It can be understood that the initial state of the shoulder angle jack 400 is as Figure 4 As shown, when the upper covering airbag jack 420 is inflated, the rotating pull rod 450 moves upward along the movable guide rail 440, and the shoulder angle abutting plate 430 moves upward accordingly. When the left end or the right end of the shoulder angle abutting plate 430 abuts against the roadway shoulder angle, the rotating pull rod 450 stops moving. The upper covering airbag jack 420 continues to be inflated, and the rotating pull rod 450 will rotate counter - clockwise or clockwise relative to the movable guide rail 440. When the rotating pull rod 450 rotates, it pulls the shoulder angle abutting plate 430 to move and rotate towards the roadway shoulder angle until the shoulder angle abutting plate 430 fully supports the roadway shoulder angle.

[0101] Taking Figure 11Taking the leftward inclined support of the shoulder angle jack 400 as an example, the movable guide rail 440 is arranged on the left side of the upper covering airbag jack 420. When the upper covering airbag jack 420 is inflated and expanded (the upper covering airbag jack 420 can be slowly inflated here), the thickness of the upper covering airbag jack 420 gradually thickens, and the other end of the rotating pull rod 450 will move upward along the movable guide rail 440, and the left end of the shoulder angle contact plate 430 will first contact the roadway shoulder angle. After the shoulder angle contact plate 430 contacts the roadway shoulder angle, the upper covering airbag jack 420 still continues to be inflated and expanded, and the rotating pull rod 450 rotates counterclockwise relative to the movable guide rail 440, so that the shoulder angle contact plate 430 moves counterclockwise with the contact point as the rotation center until the shoulder angle jack 400 contacts the left roadway shoulder angle. At this time, the shoulder angle contact plate 430 can support the coal (rock) wall on the left side (shoulder socket) of the shoulder angle obliquely, and actively support the coal (rock) wall at the shoulder angle (shoulder socket) to prevent the coal and rock blocks at the shoulder angle from caving in.

[0102] The multiple elastic members 460 are all located on the lower side of the mounting plate 410, and one end of each elastic member 460 is connected to the mounting plate 410, and the other end is connected to the top of the column 300. The multiple elastic members 460 are connected between the mounting plate 410 and the top of the column 300. After the upper covering airbag jack 420 deflates and silences, the pulling force provided by the elastic members 460 can reset the equipment as soon as possible, so that the elastic members 460 drive the mounting plate 410 to move towards the top of the column 300, so that the shoulder angle jack 400 returns to the position before tilting. As Figure 11 In the embodiment, there are two elastic members 460, and the two elastic members 460 can be respectively arranged on both sides of the rounded corner 411, so as to ensure that the entire shoulder angle jack 400 will not deflect too much to one side and cause equipment damage. In some examples, the elastic member 460 can be a tension spring.

[0103] During the movement of the shoulder angle contact plate 430, the shoulder angle jack 400 inclines towards the roadway shoulder angle, and the rounded corner 411 moves in the groove 470, which can limit the swinging range of the shoulder angle jack 400, so that the shoulder angle jack 400 can swing within a local range along the direction of the roof beam 200. Through the hinge connection between the rounded corner 411 and the groove 470, the groove 470 at the top of the column 300 can support the shoulder angle jack 400 obliquely, so that the shoulder angle jack 400 can fully support the roadway shoulder angle.

[0104] In some examples, combined with Figure 2 and Figure 4As shown, the shoulder angle jack 400 includes a rounded pin 412 that passes through a rounded corner 411. In this way, the groove 470, the rounded corner 411, and the rounded pin 412 together construct a hinge seat. During the inflation process of the overlying airbag jack 420, the rounded corner 411 remains hinged to the groove 470, preventing the rounded corner 411 from disengaging from the groove 470 when moving within the groove 470 and causing the shoulder angle jack 400 to lose its support function.

[0105] In some examples, in combination with Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, in order to prevent loose rock and floating stones from entering the internal structure of the shoulder angle jack 400, a dust-proof cover is provided around the shoulder angle jack 400. The dust-proof cover can be a telescopic corrugated rubber dust-proof cover 480, which can be deformed to a certain extent to meet the requirements of dust prevention for the shoulder angle jack 400 while also meeting the needs of inclined support. For example, the telescopic corrugated rubber dust-proof cover 480 can be stretched accordingly as the shoulder angle jack 400 expands and contracts, and prevent coal and rock blocks falling from the top and side from entering the shoulder angle mechanism.

[0106] It should be noted that in some examples, the shoulder angle jack 400 provided at the top of the column 300 adopts the form of "overlying airbag jack 420 + rotating tie rod 450 + hinge seat + telescopic corrugated rubber dust-proof cover 480 + double tension spring", which can effectively support the roadway shoulder angle and prevent coal and rock blocks from spalling and collapsing at the shoulder angle. At the same time, the rounded pin 412 passes through the rounded corner 411, fixing the rounded corner 411 within the groove 470 and ensuring that the shoulder angle jack 400 can only swing within the range of the groove 470.

[0107] According to some embodiments of the present invention, in combination with Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the elastic shield support mechanism 100 further includes two auxiliary support platforms 230. One of the auxiliary support platforms 230 is connected to one end of the top beam 200, and the other auxiliary support platform 230 is connected to the other end of the top beam 200. The auxiliary support platform 230 protrudes from the top beam 200 towards the roadway roof 500, and an avoidance space is defined below the auxiliary support platform 230. The first telescopic beam 210 and the second telescopic beam 220 are adapted to expand and contract within the corresponding avoidance space, and each column 300 is adapted to be received within the corresponding avoidance space.

[0108] It can be understood that when the elastic shield support mechanism 100 is in the retracted state, the columns 300 can be received within the avoidance space to Figure 1 and Figure 3Taking the illustrated embodiment as an example, the left upright column 300 can be received within the left auxiliary support platform 230, and the right upright column 300 can be received within the right auxiliary support platform 230. When the elastic shield support mechanism 100 switches to the deployed state, the first telescopic beam 210 and the second telescopic beam 220 extend, driving the corresponding upright column 300 away from the auxiliary support platform 230 and moving towards the roadway sidewall 510. Here, the extended portions of the first telescopic beam 210 and the second telescopic beam 220 can be received within the avoidance space.

[0109] As Figure 2 and Figure 4 In the illustrated embodiment, a top jack 150 is provided above the auxiliary support platform 230. The top jack 150 on the upper side of the auxiliary support platform 230 can also support the roadway roof 500 to prevent a situation of an empty roof above the extended portions of the first telescopic beam 210 and the second telescopic beam 220.

[0110] As Figure 2 、 Figure 4 and Figure 12 In the illustrated embodiment, the auxiliary support platform 230 can also be received within the shoulder angle jack 400 at the top of the upright column 300. The avoidance space below the auxiliary support platform 230 is the avoidance space for the upright column 300 to enter together with the shoulder angle jack 400 on the upright column 300 when the upright column 300 is in the retracted state. In this way, the overall size of the elastic shield support mechanism 100 can be further reduced, and the elastic shield support mechanism 100 in the retracted state can more easily pass below the elastic shield support mechanism 100 in the deployed state.

[0111] According to some embodiments of the present invention, in combination with Figure 1 and Figure 5 shown, the elastic shield support mechanism 100 further includes a first telescopic jack 120 and a second telescopic jack 121. One end of the first telescopic jack 120 is connected to the top beam 200, and the other end is connected to the first telescopic beam 210 to drive the first telescopic beam 210 to perform telescopic movement; one end of the second telescopic jack 121 is connected to the top beam 200, and the other end is connected to the second telescopic beam 220 to drive the second telescopic beam 220 to perform telescopic movement.

[0112] It can be understood that the first telescopic jack 120 and the second telescopic jack 121 can be arranged inside the top beam 200. Taking the first telescopic jack 120 as an example, one end of the first telescopic jack 120 is connected inside the top beam 200, and the top beam 200 provides support for the first telescopic jack 120, so that when the first telescopic jack 120 acts, it drives the first telescopic beam 210 to expand and contract. For example, if the maximum expansion and contraction amounts of the first telescopic jack 120 and the second telescopic jack 121 are 500 mm, then the maximum expansion and contraction amounts on both left and right sides of the elastic shield support mechanism 100 are 500 mm × 2, that is, 1000 mm; the basic length of the top beam 200 can be 4200 mm, then the maximum roof contact length can be (top beam 200 + maximum expansion and contraction amounts on both sides) 5200 mm, which can meet the cross-section requirements of a 5 m-wide roadway.

[0113] As Figure 3 、 Figure 5 and Figure 10 shown in the embodiments, there are two installation grooves inside the top beam 200, and the first telescopic jack 120 and the second telescopic jack 121 are installed in the installation grooves. In this way, the top beam 200 can be supported and protected by the top jack 150 at the top of the top beam 200 above the first telescopic jack 120 and the second telescopic jack 121; at the same time, the top beam 200 provides upward support below the first telescopic jack 120 and the second telescopic jack 121, which can improve the working stability of the first telescopic jack 120 and the second telescopic jack 121 during the expansion and contraction process.

[0114] According to some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in combination with Figure 7 and Figure 9 shown, the column 300 can include an upper sleeve box 310, a lower sleeve box 320 and a vertical jack 110. Among them, the top of the upper sleeve box 310 is connected to the first telescopic beam 210 or the second telescopic beam 220. When the first telescopic beam 210 or the second telescopic beam 220 extends, it drives the upper sleeve box 310 to move towards the roadway side wall 510, thereby driving the whole column 300 to move towards the roadway side wall 510. The lower sleeve box 320 is arranged inside the upper sleeve box 310, and the lower sleeve box 320 is adapted to move relative to the upper sleeve box 310 in the up and down direction; one end of the vertical jack 110 is connected to the upper sleeve box 310, the other end of the vertical jack 110 is connected to the lower sleeve box 320, and the vertical jack 110 is adapted to drive the upper sleeve box 310 to move relative to the lower sleeve box 320.

[0115] It can be understood that, as shown in combination with Figure 7 shown, when the elastic shield support mechanism 100 is in the retracted state, the lower sleeve box 320 is located inside the upper sleeve box 310. As shown in combination with Figure 9As shown, when the elastic shield support mechanism 100 is deployed, the vertical jack 110 operates and drives the upper casing 310 to move towards the roadway roof 500. When the elastic shield support mechanism 100 is retracted from the deployed state, the vertical jack 110 operates and drives the upper casing 310 to move towards the lower casing 320, and the upper casing 310 can be sleeved on the lower casing 320 again.

[0116] According to some embodiments of the present invention, in combination with Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the elastic shield support mechanism 100 further includes a diagonal brace jack 130. One end of the diagonal brace jack 130 is hinged to the roof beam 200, and the other end is hinged to the corresponding column 300. The diagonal brace jack 130 supports the roof beam 200 through the column 300, improving the overall load-bearing performance of the roof beam 200. In some examples, both the roof beam 200 and the column 300 are assembled box structures, so that the diagonal brace jack 130 is installed on the box structure and pivots on the hinge seat welded to the box structure. For example, taking Figure 1 as an example, the diagonal brace jack 130 can be connected to the upper casing 310, and each column 300 is connected to the roof beam 200 through the diagonal brace jack 130, so that a lateral support force can be applied to the roof beam 200 or the column 300 to improve the overall load-bearing performance of the roof beam 200 and the column 300.

[0117] It is worth mentioning that when the column 300 moves towards the roadway side wall 510, the diagonal brace jack 130 extends or contracts, and the diagonal brace jack 130 can continue to support the roof beam 200. Whether the elastic shield support mechanism 100 is in the retracted state or the deployed state, the diagonal brace jack 130 can support the roof beam 200.

[0118] According to some embodiments of the present invention, in combination with [[ID= and ​ As shown, the elastic shield support mechanism 100 further includes a fixed seat 142, an omnidirectional walking mechanism lifting jack 140, a sheath 143, and an omnidirectional walking wheel 141. The fixed seat 142 is connected to the lower end of the lower casing 320. One end of the omnidirectional walking mechanism lifting jack 140 is connected to the sheath 143. The sheath 143 is connected to the fixed seat 142, and the sheath 143 covers the omnidirectional walking mechanism lifting jack 140. Thus, the sheath 143 provides a better working environment for the omnidirectional walking mechanism lifting jack 140 and protects the omnidirectional walking mechanism lifting jack 140 to work properly.

[0119] In combination with ​As shown, the omnidirectional running wheel 141 is connected to the other end of the omnidirectional running mechanism lifting jack 140, and the omnidirectional running mechanism lifting jack 140 is suitable for driving the omnidirectional running wheel 141 to move in the vertical direction. The omnidirectional running wheel 141 can move the elastic shield support mechanism 100 in different directions, so that the elastic shield support mechanism 100 can be more easily expanded or collapsed left and right, up and down. When the elastic shield support mechanism 100 is deployed for support, the fixing seat 142 can stably fix the elastic shield support mechanism 100 on the roadway floor 520. Here, the omnidirectional running wheel 141 can be a caster (Mecanum).

[0120] It is understood that the omnidirectional running wheels 141 drive the entire elastic shield support mechanism 100 to move. When the elastic shield support mechanism 100 moves to a position requiring support, the omnidirectional running mechanism lifting jack 140 releases pressure, causing the omnidirectional running wheels 141 to move away from the tunnel floor 520, with the omnidirectional running wheels 141 in a raised position. This causes the fixing base 142 to move toward the tunnel floor 520. When the fixing base 142 contacts the tunnel floor 520, the omnidirectional running mechanism lifting jack 140 releases pressure. Thus, the fixing base 142 stably secures the elastic shield support mechanism 100 in the desired support position.

[0121] When the elastic shield support mechanism 100 needs to change its support position, the omnidirectional travel mechanism lifting jack 140 is pressurized, causing the omnidirectional travel wheels 141 to move toward the tunnel floor 520. The omnidirectional travel wheels 141 are grounded. Once the omnidirectional travel wheels 141 re-contact the tunnel floor 520, the elastic shield support mechanism 100 can be moved to a new support position. When the omnidirectional travel wheels 141 are grounded, the "control mechanism + drive mechanism" can be operated to achieve omnidirectional travel of the entire elastic shield support mechanism 100.

[0122] According to the elastic shield support mechanism 100 of the embodiment of the present invention, the combination of "fixed seat 142 + omnidirectional running wheels 141 + omnidirectional running mechanism lifting jack 140" is used to achieve omnidirectional movement of the column 300, including forward, backward, and left and right translation. The column 300 uses the fixed seat 142 as the main ground contact point and the omnidirectional running wheels 141 on both sides as auxiliary ground contact points. Two omnidirectional running wheels 141 can be set on each side. In this way, the four omnidirectional running wheels 141 can be divided into two groups, front and rear. Each group is controlled by an omnidirectional running mechanism lifting jack 140 to control the lifting and landing status of the omnidirectional running wheels 141. When the omnidirectional running wheels 141 are in the grounded state, the omnidirectional movement of the entire elastic shield support mechanism 100 can be achieved by operating the "control mechanism + drive mechanism".

[0123] Moreover, the elastic shield support mechanism 100 of the present invention can achieve a large-scale telescopic structure. The first telescopic jack 120 drives the movement of the first telescopic beam 210, the second telescopic jack 121 drives the movement of the second telescopic beam 220, and the shoulder angle jack 400 enters the avoidance space under the auxiliary support platforms 230 on both sides of the top beam 200. That is, when the elastic shield support mechanism 100 is in a fully retracted state, the elastic shield support mechanism 100 can directly pass through the elastic shield support mechanism 100 in the deployed state in front under the drive of the omnidirectional walking wheels 141 to form a row of support structures, completing the continuous active temporary support of the roof 500 of the pre-excavated roadway.

[0124] The present invention takes the temporary support of a rectangular-section roadway (section 5m×3.5m) as the background. The entire elastic shield support mechanism 100 adopts a rectangular large gantry form, which is beneficial to the equipment layout of the tunneling face and convenient for automated operation.

[0125] In some examples, the elastic shield support mechanism 100 further includes a suspension ring 350 and an anti-toppling chain 360. The anti-toppling chain 360 can be threaded through the suspension ring 350. The anti-toppling chain 360 is connected between multiple elastic shield support mechanisms 100 by passing through the suspension rings 350 of multiple elastic shield support mechanisms 100. When the coal seam slope is large, the suspension ring 350 and the anti-toppling chain 360 can connect the front and rear elastic shield support mechanisms 100 to prevent the elastic shield support mechanism 100 from tilting, enhance the overall stability of the mechanism, and expand the application range of the mechanism in inclined coal seams and gently inclined coal seams.

[0126] Generally speaking, the elastic shield support mechanism 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention adopts a rectangular large gantry form, and uses a hydraulic system to operate each jack to realize the lifting, extension, contraction, and overall movement of the elastic shield support mechanism 100; an air-operated control system using compressed air in the coal mine underground as the power source (the same as the power source used by the rock bolt drill) realizes the effective stroke of each airbag jack to achieve full contact and active support for the uneven roof and its shoulder angles, not only increasing the contact area between the elastic shield support mechanism 100 and the roadway roof 500, but also improving the support strength and avoiding roof separation and collapse.

[0127] Moreover, the elastic shield support mechanism 100 is designed with a large-scale telescopic structure. When the telescopic beam at the top drives the column 300 and its shoulder angle jack 400 into the avoidance space under the auxiliary support platforms 230 on both sides of the top beam 200 under the action of the telescopic jack, that is, when in a fully retracted state, it can directly pass through the elastic shield support mechanism 100 in the deployed state in front under the drive of the omnidirectional walking wheels 141 to form a row of support structures, completing the continuous active temporary support of the roof 500 of the pre-excavated roadway.

[0128] Meanwhile, each elastic shield support mechanism 100 is provided with a lifting ring 350 and an anti-toppling chain 360, which can be applied in inclined coal seams and gently inclined coal seams. The entire elastic shield support mechanism 100 is convenient to move and simple to operate. Its active roof contact and rib contact strong support effect is obvious. It has the advantages of high strength, strong practicability, convenient construction operation, low labor intensity of workers, and recyclability, etc. It can further improve the driving speed under complex geological conditions in coal mines and fully ensure the safety of driving operation personnel.

[0129] When driving in soft and broken surrounding rock, generally "short driving and short supporting" is implemented, that is, the footage of each cycle is relatively low. After coal cutting, the machine must be withdrawn in time for permanent support, which ultimately leads to a relatively low monthly driving footage and is difficult to meet the current requirements of rapid driving, resulting in a tense connection between coal mining and excavation in coal mines. The previous operation cycle process is as follows:

[0130] The roadheader cuts coal and discharges coal for 0.8 m → temporary support for 0.8 m → the roadheader retreats → laying the roof net, arranging the steel bar ladder beam (W-shaped guard plate), permanent support → the roadheader moves forward → the next cycle.

[0131] According to the method for temporary support of coal mine roadways in the embodiments of the present invention, the elastic shield support mechanism 100 as described above can be adopted. When implementing the method for temporary support of coal mine roadways, multiple groups of elastic shield support mechanisms 100 can be selected, for example, five groups. Multiple groups of elastic shield support mechanisms 100 are perfectly matched with the coal cutting of the roadheader 600. The shoulder angle jack 400 of the elastic shield support mechanism 100 can form an active temporary support for the roof of the soft and broken surrounding rock and inhibit the deformation of the surrounding rock.

[0132] Meanwhile, the elastic shield support mechanism 100 in a fully retracted state can directly pass through the forward-extended elastic shield support mechanism 100 to form a row-by-row support structure and can be continuously installed according to the requirements of the driving regulations. After the roadheader 600 has completely cut the coal and rock, the machine is withdrawn centrally for permanent support, greatly relaxing the cycle step distance (the number of elastic shield support mechanisms 100 can be determined in advance according to the cycle step distance, so as to enlarge the cycle step distance), further improving the driving speed under complex geological conditions in coal mines and fully ensuring the safety of driving operation personnel.

[0133] Reference ​ As shown, according to the method for temporary support of coal mine roadways in the embodiments of the present invention, the elastic shield support mechanism 100 is applied to the method for temporary support of coal mine roadways. The elastic shield support mechanism 100 is multiple and is arranged in the roadway. In the front-back direction of the roadheader 600 (such as ​ the front-back direction shown), the multiple elastic shield support mechanisms 100 are respectively the first group of support mechanisms, the second group of support mechanisms... the Nth group of support mechanisms from front to back, and the method includes the following steps:

[0134] S1. After the tunneling machine 600 advances forward by a first predetermined distance, the first set of support mechanisms is contracted and moved forward by a second predetermined distance. It should be noted that before the tunneling machine 600 operates, tunneling preparations can be carried out first. For example, knocking on the roof and sides and conducting safety confirmations. As ​ shown, the tunneling machine 600 is in the tunneling preparation stage.

[0135] It should be noted that the first predetermined distance is set as the cyclic step distance. According to safety requirements, the empty roof distance between the support structures cannot be too large. The distance between the support structures can be set as the cyclic step distance to achieve safe temporary support. The support structure is moved by the second predetermined distance so that the distance between the support structures is the cyclic step distance. For example, taking the cyclic step distance as 0.8 m, the first predetermined distance can be 0.8 m, and the second predetermined distance can be the distance required for the support mechanism to move to a position 0.4 m away from the end of the roadway (the end of the roadway is the plane of the newly tunneled roadway by the tunneling machine). Thus, the distance between each set of support structures is the cyclic step distance of 0.8 m. It can be understood that the tunneling machine 600 starts to cut the coal and rock of the first predetermined distance, and at the same time, the first set of support mechanisms close to the working face contracts to the minimum size.

[0136] As ​ shown, the tunneling machine 600 advances by the first predetermined distance in the tunneling direction (the front-back direction as ​ shown), and then the first set of support mechanisms switches to the retracted state.

[0137] S2. Install the anchor mesh 620 on the top jack 150 and the shoulder angle jack 400, expand the first set of support mechanisms, extend the top jack 150 so that the anchor mesh 620 fits against the roadway roof 500, and extend the shoulder angle jack 400 obliquely so that the anchor mesh 620 fits against the inclined sidewall inside the roadway.

[0138] Here, it should be noted that when the first set of support mechanisms reaches the tunneling position, it moves forward to the tunneling face, and an anchor mesh 620 is installed above the roof beam 200. Subsequently, the elastic shield support mechanism 100 rises and expands to support the full cross-section roadway, and at the same time, the top jack 150 and the shoulder angle jack 400 are adjusted according to the unevenness of the roof to achieve full roof contact and active temporary support.

[0139] Here, the tunneling machine 600 can pass under the elastic shield support mechanism 100 in the retracted state. Therefore, the tunneling machine 600 does not need to withdraw from the tunneling position, and the next set of elastic shield support mechanisms 100 can also move past the tunneling machine 600 towards the newly tunneled roadway to provide temporary support for the newly tunneled roadway.

[0140] As ​As shown, when the first set of support mechanisms is in the retracted state, it moves a second predetermined distance in the tunneling direction, and the elastic shield support mechanism 100 is fixed at the position where it is located after moving. After being fixed in position, the anchor net 620 is installed on the top jack 150 of the elastic shield support mechanism 100.

[0141] Combined with ​ As shown, after the installation of the anchor net 620 is completed, the elastic shield support mechanism 100 unfolds for temporary support, so that the anchor net 620 abuts against the roadway roof 500. After the temporary support of the elastic shield support mechanism 100 is completed, the roadheader 600 moves another first predetermined distance in the tunneling direction, and at the same time, the second set of support mechanisms contracts.

[0142] Refer to ​ , the retracted second set of support mechanisms passes under the first set of support mechanisms and is fixed at the position where it moves to the second predetermined distance.

[0143] S3. Repeat steps S1 to S2 for the second set of support mechanisms, …… the Nth set of support mechanisms. For example, as ​ shown, the anchor net 620 is installed on the top jack 150 of the second set of support mechanisms.

[0144] S4. When the deployment of the Nth set of support mechanisms is completed, the top bolts 610 are set at the anchor net 620. For example, the top bolts 610 can be set into the roadway roof 500 through equipment such as a pneumatic bolt drilling rig.

[0145] S5. When the setting of the top bolts 610 is completed, repeat steps S1 to S5. Here, the number of elastic shield support mechanisms 100 set can be determined in advance according to the cyclic step distance.

[0146] Finally, as ​ and ​ shown, the roadheader 600 can be retracted, and the permanent support of the roadway between the frames can be carried out under the protection of the elastic shield support mechanism 100.

[0147] Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An elastic shield support mechanism, characterized in that, The elastic shield support mechanism is suitable for roadway support, and the elastic shield support mechanism includes: A roof beam, with a first telescopic beam and a second telescopic beam provided at both ends of the roof beam, and both the first telescopic beam and the second telescopic beam are telescopic along the extending direction of the roof beam; A plurality of top jacks, which are arranged on the upper surface of the roof beam along the length direction of the roof beam, and the top jacks are suitable for supporting the roadway roof; the plurality of top jacks are sequentially attached and arranged on the roof beam along the length direction of the roof beam; Two columns, each column is located below the roof beam and is used to support the roof beam, the top of one of the columns is connected to the first telescopic beam, and the top of the other column is connected to the second telescopic beam, and the columns are telescopic columns; Two shoulder angle jacks, one of the shoulder angle jacks is located at the top of one of the columns and is suitable for obliquely supporting the roadway shoulder angle, and the other shoulder angle jack is located at the top of the other column and is suitable for obliquely supporting the roadway shoulder angle; The top of the column has a groove with an upward opening; The shoulder angle jack includes: a mounting plate, the mounting plate covers the upper end of the groove, and a fillet is provided on the lower side of the mounting plate, and the fillet is hinged in the groove; An upper overlying airbag jack, which is arranged on the upper side of the mounting plate; A shoulder angle abutting plate, which is arranged on the upper surface of the upper overlying airbag jack, and the shoulder angle abutting plate is suitable for abutting against the roadway shoulder angle; A movable guide rail, which is located on the upper side of the mounting plate, the lower end of the movable guide rail is connected to the mounting plate, and the movable guide rail extends in the vertical direction; A rotating pull rod, one end of the rotating pull rod is connected to the shoulder angle abutting plate, and the other end is suitable for moving along the movable guide rail, and the rotating pull rod is pivotable relative to the movable guide rail; A plurality of elastic members, all of the plurality of elastic members are located on the lower side of the mounting plate, and one end of each elastic member is connected to the mounting plate, and the other end is connected to the top of the column; In the left-right direction of the roadway, when the movable guide rail is located on the left side of the upper overlying airbag jack, the shoulder angle jack obliquely supports towards the left; when the movable guide rail is located on the right side of the upper overlying airbag jack, the shoulder angle jack obliquely supports towards the right.

2. The elastic shield support mechanism according to claim 1, wherein At least one of the shoulder angle jack and the top jack is an airbag jack.

3. The elastic shield support mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The elastic shield support mechanism further includes two auxiliary support platforms, one of the auxiliary support platforms is connected to one end of the roof beam, and the other auxiliary support platform is connected to the other end of the roof beam, The auxiliary support platform protrudes from the roof beam towards the roadway roof, and an avoidance space is defined below the auxiliary support platform, and the first telescopic beam and the second telescopic beam are suitable for telescoping in the corresponding avoidance space, and each column is suitable for being received in the corresponding avoidance space.

4. The elastic shield support mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, It further includes a diagonal bracing jack, one end of the diagonal bracing jack is hinged to the roof beam, and the other end is hinged to the corresponding column.

5. The elastic shield support mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, It further includes a first telescopic jack and a second telescopic jack. One end of the first telescopic jack is connected to the top beam, and the other end is connected to the first telescopic beam to push the first telescopic beam to perform telescopic movement. One end of the second telescopic jack is connected to the top beam, and the other end is connected to the second telescopic beam to push the second telescopic beam to perform telescopic movement.

6. The elastic shield support mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The column includes: an upper sleeve box, the top of the upper sleeve box is connected to the first telescopic beam or the second telescopic beam; a lower sleeve box, the lower sleeve box is arranged inside the upper sleeve box, and the lower sleeve box is adapted to move relative to the upper sleeve box in the vertical direction; a vertical jack, one end of the vertical jack is connected to the upper sleeve box, the other end of the vertical jack is connected to the lower sleeve box, and the vertical jack is adapted to drive the upper sleeve box to move relative to the lower sleeve box.

7. The elastic shield support mechanism according to claim 6, characterized in that, It further includes: a fixed seat, the fixed seat is connected to the lower end of the lower sleeve box; a sheath, the sheath is connected to the fixed seat; an omnidirectional walking mechanism lifting jack, the sheath covers the omnidirectional walking mechanism lifting jack, and one end of the omnidirectional walking mechanism lifting jack is connected to the sheath; an omnidirectional walking wheel, the omnidirectional walking wheel is connected to the other end of the omnidirectional walking mechanism lifting jack, and the omnidirectional walking mechanism lifting jack is adapted to drive the omnidirectional walking wheel to move in the vertical direction.

8. A method for temporary support of a coal mine roadway, characterized in that, For the method of applying the elastic shield support mechanism according to any one of claims 1-7 to the temporary support of the coal mine roadway, a plurality of the elastic shield support mechanisms are provided in the roadway. In the front-back direction of the roadheader, the plurality of elastic shield support mechanisms are respectively the first group of support mechanisms, the second group of support mechanisms,..., the Nth group of support mechanisms from front to back, and the method includes the following steps: S1. After the roadheader advances forward by a first predetermined distance, contract the first group of support mechanisms and move the first group of support mechanisms forward by a second predetermined distance; S2. Install an anchor net on the top jack and the shoulder angle jack, expand the first group of support mechanisms, extend the top jack so that the anchor net fits against the roadway roof, and extend the shoulder angle jack obliquely so that the anchor net fits against the inclined sidewall inside the roadway; S3. Repeat steps S1 to S2 for the second group of support mechanisms,..., the Nth group of support mechanisms; S4. When the expansion of the Nth group of support mechanisms is completed, set top bolts at the anchor net; S5. When the setting of the top bolts is completed, repeat steps S1 to S5.

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