Preparation method of high-wear-resistance anti-exfoliation corrosion type aluminum alloy bridge support spherical cap lining plate

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of bridge support spherical crown and discloses a preparation method of a high-wear-resistance and anti-stripping corrosion type aluminum alloy bridge support spherical crown lining plate, which comprises the following steps: (1) preparation of aluminum alloy raw materials; (2) alloy smelting and casting: after the components of the aluminum alloy are melted, a refining agent is added to remove the oxide slag in the aluminum alloy melt after refining treatment; then the aluminum alloy melt is cast to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot in a condensation crystallizer; (3) hot rolling deformation; (4) cutting, hot extrusion and die forming: the aluminum alloy round plate is formed into an aluminum alloy bridge support spherical crown lining plate blank through hot extrusion and die forming; (5) solid solution and aging heat treatment: after the blank is subjected to heat preservation solid solution heat treatment, it is rapidly water quenched, and after the aluminum alloy bridge spherical crown lining plate blank subjected to solid solution water quenching is subjected to aging heat treatment, a high-strength, high-hardness, high-wear-resistance and high-anti-stripping corrosion aluminum alloy bridge spherical crown support lining plate blank is obtained; and (6) machining. The aluminum alloy bridge support spherical crown lining plate has high anti-stripping corrosion performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of bridge bearing spherical crown technology, and more specifically, relates to a method for preparing a high wear-resistant and anti-stripping corrosion type aluminum alloy bridge bearing spherical crown liner. Background Technology

[0002] With the steady increase in the speed of existing and under-construction railway lines in China, and the planning and construction of coastal railways with high chloride ion environments, higher requirements have been placed on the safety and stability of railway bridge systems. At the same time, the piers and beams of coastal highway bridges and cross-river / sea bridges also require extensive use of bridge bearings to support the bridges and maintain the stability of the bridge system. Bridge bearings are crucial components connecting the superstructure and substructure of a bridge, and their quality and performance directly affect the practicality and durability of the entire bridge. Typically, the service life of bridge bearings is designed to be the same as that of the main bridge structure. The spherical crown liner, as a core component of the bridge bearing, works in conjunction with wear-resistant plates to act as a joint, adapting to the vertical load-bearing capacity, temperature displacement, and rotation requirements of the bridge.

[0003] Traditional bridge bearing spherical cap liners are often formed by welding a stainless steel plate or chrome plating onto the convex spherical surface of the spherical cap base plate, then combining it with wear-resistant materials to form a friction pair. The spherical cap base plate is made of Q355 steel plate, forgings, or cast steel. Using a spherical cap base plate with a stainless steel plate welded onto its convex spherical surface presents the following problems:

[0004] (1) After the stainless steel plate is pressure-formed into a spherical shape, it is welded to the spherical crown liner. There are voids and poor adhesion between the spherical crown base plate and the stainless steel plate. At the same time, the welding process is complicated, and it is difficult to control the consistency and stability of product quality. (2) The weld between the spherical crown base plate and the stainless steel plate is prone to rust, which affects the durability of the bridge bearing. (3) Especially for large-tonnage spherical bearings, the size of the spherical stainless steel plate may exceed the conventional size. Custom non-standard sizes are expensive, and it is very likely that non-standard sizes cannot be purchased. Only splicing can be used. The splicing process is complicated, and the splicing quality affects the spherical forming contour. At the same time, the cost of the spherical stainless steel plate forming mold will be extremely high.

[0005] The chrome plating method also has the following problems:

[0006] (1) When the spherical crown liner is chrome-plated on a spherical surface, the thickness of the chrome layer is uneven. (2) The chrome layer in the edge area of ​​the chrome-plated part is prone to pores and peeling. Electrochemical reactions are likely to occur at the pores and peeling points, leading to corrosion of the spherical crown liner substrate. (3) Chrome plating is a high-energy-consuming industry and will also cause serious environmental pollution problems.

[0007] To address the aforementioned issues, aluminum alloys offer advantages such as light weight, ease of machining, corrosion resistance, no need for stainless steel cladding or chrome plating, and good machinability. The resulting spherical bearing liners exhibit low friction coefficients and minimal wear between the aluminum alloy and the wear-resistant plate. This allows for the use of a new aluminum alloy material to replace the traditional method of welding and cladding with stainless steel and chrome plating. However, conventional aluminum alloys suffer from drawbacks such as relatively softness, low hardness, poor abrasion resistance, and poor resistance to chloride ion exfoliation corrosion. Since bridge bearing spherical bearing liners operate under high pressure, high friction, and high corrosion conditions, extremely high performance requirements are placed on the materials used to manufacture them. The alloys must possess high strength, high hardness, high wear resistance, high toughness, high fatigue resistance, and high resistance to exfoliation corrosion. Therefore, it is urgent to design and improve the alloy composition, alloy smelting process, and aluminum alloy spherical crown liner preparation process of aluminum alloys to improve the hardness, wear resistance, chloride ion resistance, and anti-sparing corrosion properties of aluminum alloys. The goal is to develop a high wear-resistant and anti-sparing corrosion type aluminum alloy bridge bearing spherical crown liner and its preparation method, which can gradually replace the traditional spherical crown liner with stainless steel plate or chrome plating. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To address the aforementioned deficiencies or improvement needs of existing technologies, this invention provides a method for preparing a highly wear-resistant and anti-sparing corrosion aluminum alloy bridge bearing spherical cap liner. A small amount of alloying element Zr is added. Zr can work synergistically with other alloying elements such as Cr, Ti, and Al to form a dense oxide layer on the surface of the aluminum alloy. This dense oxide layer can effectively resist Cl in high-salt spray environments. - This process effectively prevents the erosion and damage of the highly dense passivation film. Furthermore, the added alloying elements Zr, Cr, Ti, Si, and Mg, after hot rolling deformation, solution quenching, and aging treatments, precipitate fine and dispersed strengthening precipitates, significantly improving the strength of the aluminum alloy while maintaining high toughness. Simultaneously, the solution aging heat treatment effectively inhibits the accumulation and growth of these fine and dispersed solution strengthening precipitates into a continuous network at the grain boundaries of the aluminum alloy, thus preventing a decrease in corrosion resistance. The solution quenching and aging heat treatment effectively improves the resistance to exfoliation corrosion of the aluminum alloy bridge bearing spherical crown liner, resulting in high resistance to exfoliation corrosion of the aluminum alloy bridge bearing spherical crown liner after this process.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, this invention proposes a method for preparing a highly wear-resistant and anti-stripping corrosion type aluminum alloy bridge bearing spherical cap liner, comprising the following steps:

[0010] (1) Preparation of aluminum alloy raw materials: Weigh and batch each component of the aluminum alloy according to a mass fraction of 100wt%.

[0011] (2) Smelting and casting of the alloy: After melting the above-mentioned aluminum alloy components, a refining agent is added and the aluminum alloy melt is refined to remove the oxide slag in the aluminum alloy melt; then the aluminum alloy melt is cast and aluminum alloy ingots are obtained in a condenser.

[0012] (3) Hot rolling deformation: After the aluminum alloy ingot obtained by casting is subjected to composition homogenization heat treatment, it is hot rolled to obtain hot rolled aluminum alloy sheet.

[0013] (4) Cutting and hot extrusion molding: The aluminum alloy slab obtained by hot rolling deformation is cut to obtain the aluminum alloy round plate of the target size and weight for the bridge spherical crown liner, and then hot extrusion molding is used to obtain the aluminum alloy bridge bearing spherical crown liner blank of the target shape and size.

[0014] (5) Solution aging heat treatment: After solution heat treatment, the aluminum alloy bearing spherical crown liner blank obtained by molding is rapidly water quenched and cooled. After solution water quenching and cooling, the aluminum alloy bridge spherical crown liner blank is subjected to aging heat treatment to obtain a high-strength, high-hardness, high-wear-resistant, and high-resistance to exfoliation corrosion aluminum alloy bridge spherical crown bearing liner blank.

[0015] (6) Machining: The high-strength, high-hardness, high-wear-resistant, and high-resistance to peeling corrosion aluminum alloy bridge spherical crown bearing liner blank obtained after solution aging heat treatment is subjected to rough milling, fine milling, and constant linear speed rolling treatment to obtain mirror-finished aluminum alloy bridge spherical crown bearing liner.

[0016] As a further preferred embodiment, the percentages of each alloying element in the aluminum alloy are as follows: Si 0.6%-1.3%, Cu 0.02-0.1wt%, Mn 0.4-1.0wt%, Mg 0.8-2.0wt%, Cr 0.1-0.25wt%, Fe 0.01-0.5wt%, Zn 0.1-0.2wt%, Ti 0.02-0.1wt%, Zr 0.02-0.25wt%, with the balance element being Al.

[0017] As a further preferred embodiment, in the smelting and casting of the alloy, aluminum is first melted in a medium-frequency furnace or a resistance wire heating furnace, and various granular or block-shaped alloying elements are added sequentially; after all the alloying elements are fully melted, the aluminum alloy melt stirring device is started to stir the various alloying elements evenly to form a uniform aluminum alloy melt, which is then held at 720-780℃ for half an hour, and then a refining agent is added to remove the oxide slag in the aluminum alloy melt after refining treatment; the aluminum alloy melt is then cast to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot in a condenser crystallizer.

[0018] As a further preferred embodiment, during the hot rolling deformation process, the aluminum alloy ingot obtained by casting is subjected to composition homogenization heat treatment at 440-480℃ for 4-15 hours, and then hot-rolled at 430-480℃ to obtain hot-rolled aluminum alloy sheet.

[0019] As a further preferred embodiment, in the cutting hot extrusion molding process, the aluminum alloy slab obtained by hot rolling deformation is cut to obtain an aluminum alloy round plate for bridge spherical crown liner of the target size and weight. After the aluminum alloy round plate is kept at 430-480℃ for 1-4 hours, it is hot extruded and deformed in a hot extrusion forming mold preheated to 430-480℃ to obtain an aluminum alloy bridge bearing spherical crown plate blank of the target shape and size.

[0020] As a further preferred embodiment, in the solution aging heat treatment, the aluminum alloy bridge bearing spherical crown liner blank obtained by hot extrusion molding is subjected to solution heat treatment at 510-540℃ for 1-4 hours, followed by rapid water quenching and cooling. After solution quenching and cooling, the aluminum alloy bridge bearing spherical crown liner blank is held in a heat treatment furnace at 150-180℃ for 6-20 hours, and after aging heat treatment, a high-strength, high-hardness, high-wear-resistant, and high-resistance-to-stripping corrosion aluminum alloy bridge bearing spherical crown liner blank is obtained.

[0021] In summary, compared with the prior art, the above-described technical solutions conceived by this invention mainly possess the following technical advantages:

[0022] 1. The method of this invention can greatly improve the hardness and abrasion resistance of the spherical crown liner of aluminum alloy bridge bearings, significantly enhancing its resistance to chloride ion corrosion and exfoliation corrosion during service in coastal high-chloride environments. After alloy batching, alloy smelting, ingot casting, composition homogenization heat treatment, hot rolling, blanking, die forming, solution aging, machining, and constant-speed rolling, the spherical crown liner achieves a mirror-like surface hardness of HBW85 or higher, exfoliation corrosion resistance of N level or higher, and tensile strength of 310 MPa or higher. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 The present invention provides a flowchart of a method for preparing a high wear-resistant and anti-stripping corrosion type aluminum alloy bridge bearing spherical crown liner. Detailed Implementation

[0024] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of this invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0025] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the present invention provides a method for preparing a high wear-resistant and anti-stripping corrosion type aluminum alloy bridge bearing spherical cap liner, the specific preparation process of which is as follows:

[0026] (1) Preparation of aluminum alloy raw materials: The aluminum alloy is prepared by weighing and batching each alloying element, such as aluminum, copper, magnesium, chromium, iron, silicon, zinc, titanium, zirconium, and manganese, at a mass fraction of 100 wt%. The composition of each alloying element is as follows: Si 0.6%-1.3%, Cu 0.02-0.1 wt%, Mn 0.4-1.0 wt%, Mg 0.8-2.0 wt%, Cr 0.1-0.25 wt%, Fe 0.1-0.5 wt%, Zn 0.1-0.2 wt%, Ti 0.02-0.1 wt%, Zr 0.02-0.25 wt%, with the balance element being Al.

[0027] (2) Alloy melting and casting: Aluminum is first melted in a medium frequency furnace or resistance wire heating furnace, and various granular or block alloying elements are added in sequence. After all alloying elements are fully melted, the aluminum alloy melt stirring device is started to stir the various alloying elements evenly to form a uniform aluminum alloy melt. The melt is kept at 720-780℃ for about half an hour, and then a refining agent is added. After refining, the oxide slag in the aluminum alloy melt is removed. Then the aluminum alloy melt is cast and aluminum alloy ingots are obtained in a condenser crystallizer.

[0028] (3) Hot rolling deformation: After the aluminum alloy ingot obtained by casting is subjected to composition homogenization heat treatment at 440-480℃ for 4-15 hours, it is hot rolled at 430-480℃ to obtain hot rolled aluminum alloy sheet.

[0029] (4) Cutting and hot extrusion molding: The aluminum alloy slab obtained by hot rolling deformation is cut to obtain an aluminum alloy round plate for bridge spherical crown liner of the target size and weight; the aluminum alloy round plate is kept at 430-480℃ for 1-4 hours and then hot extrusion deformation is carried out in a hot extrusion forming mold preheated to 430-480℃ to obtain an aluminum alloy bridge bearing spherical crown plate blank of the target shape and size.

[0030] (5) Solution aging heat treatment: The aluminum alloy bridge bearing spherical crown liner blank obtained by hot extrusion molding is solution heat treatment at 510-540℃ for 1-4 hours, followed by rapid water quenching and cooling. After solution quenching and cooling, the aluminum alloy bridge bearing spherical crown liner blank is heat-treated in a heat treatment furnace at 150-180℃ for 6-20 hours. After aging heat treatment, a high-strength, high-hardness, high-wear-resistant, and high-resistance-to-stripping corrosion aluminum alloy bridge bearing spherical crown liner blank is obtained.

[0031] (6) Machining: The high-strength, high-hardness, high-wear-resistant, and high-resistance to peeling corrosion aluminum alloy bridge spherical crown bearing liner blank obtained after solution aging heat treatment is subjected to rough milling, fine milling, and constant linear speed rolling treatment to obtain mirror-finished aluminum alloy bridge spherical crown bearing liner.

[0032] The alloy composition (mass percentage) of each element in the aluminum alloy spherical crown liner of the aluminum alloy bridge bearing described in this embodiment is as follows: Si 0.6%-1.3%, Cu 0.02-0.1wt%, Mn 0.4-1.0wt%, Mg 0.8-2.0wt%, Cr 0.1-0.25wt%, Fe 0.1-0.5wt%, Zn 0.1-0.2wt%, Ti 0.02-0.1wt%, Zr 0.02-0.25wt%, with the balance being Al. After 48 hours of immersion in an exfoliating corrosion test, the high-hardness, high-wear-resistance, and high-resistance to exfoliating corrosion aluminum alloy spherical crown liner of this invention achieves an exfoliating corrosion resistance level of N.

[0033] The high wear-resistant and anti-stripping corrosion type aluminum alloy bridge bearing spherical crown liner described in this embodiment is obtained by melting, stirring and fully alloying, followed by refining, degassing and slag removal at 720-760℃ for 20-60 minutes to obtain a high-purity aluminum alloy melt. The aluminum alloy melt is then poured into a pre-fixed casting mold of a specific shape or a continuous crystallizer, and the aluminum alloy melt solidifies to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot.

[0034] The aluminum alloy of the high wear-resistant and anti-stripping corrosion type aluminum alloy bridge bearing spherical crown liner described in this embodiment is subjected to isothermal heat treatment at 420-500℃ for 6-15 hours after the aluminum alloy ingot is obtained by solidification casting. This isothermal heat treatment can ensure that the alloy composition of the aluminum alloy ingot obtained by solidification casting is further homogenized.

[0035] The aluminum alloy of the high wear-resistant and anti-stripping corrosion type aluminum alloy bridge bearing spherical crown liner described in this embodiment undergoes a homogenization heat treatment. After the aluminum alloy billet is held at 430-480℃ for 1-4 hours, it is hot-rolled. After hot rolling deformation, the large-sized dendrites obtained by casting are effectively broken up, and the micro-pores that could not be completely removed during the degassing process of aluminum alloy melting are completely welded together by the hot rolling process. The density and uniformity of the alloy composition of the aluminum alloy are further improved.

[0036] The high wear-resistant and anti-stripping corrosion type aluminum alloy bridge bearing spherical crown liner plate described in this embodiment is obtained by hot rolling deformation to obtain a hot-rolled aluminum alloy slab. The hot-rolled aluminum alloy slab is cut to obtain an aluminum alloy slab plate for the bridge bearing spherical crown liner plate of the target weight and size. The cut circular aluminum alloy slab is heated to 430-480℃ and held for 1-4 hours. It is then hot-extruded in a hot extrusion die preheated to 430-480℃ to obtain the bridge bearing spherical crown liner plate blank.

[0037] The aluminum alloy of the high wear-resistant and anti-scabbing corrosion type aluminum alloy bridge bearing spherical crown liner plate described in this embodiment is obtained by hot extrusion molding to form an aluminum alloy bridge bearing spherical crown liner plate blank. After solution heat treatment at 510-540℃ for 1-4 hours, the high-temperature aluminum alloy bridge bearing spherical crown liner plate blank is transferred to a cold water bath for water-cooling rapid quenching. Then, the aluminum alloy blank obtained by water quenching is placed in a heat treatment furnace at 160-180℃ for aging heat treatment for 6-20 hours. After the aging heat treatment is completed, it is air-cooled to obtain a high-hardness, high wear-resistant, and high anti-scabbing corrosion type aluminum alloy bridge bearing spherical crown liner plate blank.

[0038] The high wear-resistant and anti-scabbing corrosion aluminum alloy bridge bearing spherical crown liner described in this embodiment, after undergoing solution aging heat treatment to obtain a high-strength, high-hardness, high-wear-resistant, and highly anti-scabbing corrosion aluminum alloy bridge bearing spherical crown liner blank, undergoes a machining process, including rough machining, precision machining, and linear speed rolling, to obtain the final aluminum alloy bridge bearing spherical crown liner component with a mirror-like spherical surface. The manufactured aluminum alloy spherical crown does not need to be welded and covered with stainless steel plate or chrome-plated, thus avoiding the aforementioned problems.

[0039] Based on the above embodiments, the preparation method of this embodiment further includes a method for optimizing the element ratio of the aluminum alloy and the processing parameters. Specifically:

[0040] First, a parameter index system for the preparation of the spherical crown liner was constructed, and real-time processing monitoring data was obtained during the preparation process. This monitoring data includes the aluminum alloy element ratio, alloy melting and casting process parameters, cutting, hot extrusion, and molding process parameters, and solution aging heat treatment process parameters. Simultaneously, the wear resistance and anti-stripping properties corresponding to different parameters were tested. The above index system and test parameters were then divided into training and test sets according to a specified ratio.

[0041] Secondly, a BO-RF regression model was constructed and trained, and the training set was used to predict the wear resistance and spalling resistance of the spherical crown liner.

[0042] Finally, a BO-RF-NSGA-Ⅲ multi-objective optimization model was constructed, and the established BO-RF regression function was used as the NSGA-Ⅲ fitness function to optimize the wear resistance and spalling resistance of the spherical crown liner. Based on the obtained Pareto optimal solution set, the aluminum alloy element ratio and processing parameters that meet the wear resistance and spalling resistance of the spherical crown liner were determined by the TOPSIS method.

[0043] In the above steps, the BO-RF regression model is optimized for parameters and its prediction accuracy is analyzed using training and test sets. The accuracy of the BO-RF regression model's predictions is evaluated using root mean square error, goodness of fit, and mean absolute error. Preferably, the importance analysis of influencing factors based on the RF algorithm includes the following steps:

[0044] (1) Data preprocessing

[0045] The data is normalized to [-1, 1].

[0046] (2) Determination of hyperparameters of RF prediction model

[0047] The Bayesian optimization algorithm was used to optimize the two parameters n_estimators and max_depth of the model, and the model accuracy was verified by combining it with the 5-fold cross-validation method.

[0048] (3) Establish training model

[0049] The sample data is randomly divided into training sample set and test sample set. The obtained parameter optimization results are input into the model and the model is built using Python.

[0050] (4) Three indicators, root mean square error, goodness of fit and mean absolute error, are introduced to evaluate the accuracy of the BO-RF prediction model.

[0051] (5) Based on the RF model, the vertical and horizontal displacements of the bridge piers were used as prediction indicators. The importance of the parameters in the indicator system was analyzed. Then, the parameters that have a significant impact on the wear resistance and spalling resistance of the spherical crown liner were selected as the main optimization parameters. The five parameters with higher importance were optimized.

[0052] Among them, (1) the relationship between the parameters of the RF regression prediction fitting and the wear resistance and spalling resistance of the spherical crown liner is introduced as the fitness function in the multi-objective genetic algorithm. The objective functions f1 and f2 of the wear resistance and spalling resistance of the spherical crown liner are determined by the CatBoost prediction regression equation as follows:

[0053]

[0054] Where f1 and f2 are the absolute values ​​of the output function of each optimization objective, and X is... i Parameters in the numerical index system

[0055] (2) Determine the range of constraints

[0056] Constraints are set on the values ​​of decision parameters based on engineering requirements and existing project data;

[0057] (3) NSGA-III multi-objective optimization: The NSGA-III algorithm is used to make multi-objective optimization decisions on the processing parameters of the spherical crown.

[0058] Furthermore, the established BO-RF regression function is used as the NSGA-Ⅲ fitness function for optimization, including:

[0059] 1) First, randomly generate an initial population P of size N, perform fast non-dominated sorting on the initial population, and implement genetic algorithm selection, crossover, and mutation operations to generate a progeny population Q of size N;

[0060] 2) Merge the parent population P and the offspring population Q into a new population R with a size of 2N. Perform a fast non-dominated sort on population R and select individuals from different dominance levels to add to the next generation of offspring.

[0061] 3) Perform adaptive normalization on individuals, generate reference points based on subjective preferences or uniform settings, connect the origin and reference points to form a reference line, calculate the vertical distance between each individual and the reference line, and associate the individual with the smallest vertical distance with the reference point.

[0062] 4) Select the remaining individuals based on the minimum habitat number and combine them with the individuals selected by the previous fast non-dominated sorting to form a new generation of population. Repeat the above process until the convergent generation is reached, and finally obtain a Pareto optimal solution set.

[0063] (4) Obtaining the optimal solution using the TOPSIS method: The optimal solution is selected from the Pareto solution set using the TOPSIS method, which involves calculating the distances between each solution and the ideal solution and the negative ideal solution. The ideal solution is denoted as f. * =(f1) * f2 * The Pareto optimal solution set is denoted as f. n =(f1) n f2 n ) T Then the distance D between the Pareto solution set and the ideal solution is... i The calculation formula is as follows:

[0064]

[0065] In the formula, f1 *and f2 * These are the ideal values ​​corresponding to the objective functions f1 and f2, respectively. n and f2 n Let f1 and f2 be the values ​​corresponding to the nth Pareto optimal solution sets of objective functions f1 and f2, respectively; μ1 and μ2 be the average values ​​of the Pareto solution sets of objective functions f1 and f2, respectively; and σ1 and σ2 be the standard deviations of the Pareto solution sets of objective functions f1 and f2, respectively. Based on the minimum distance principle, the distance D from the ideal solution is selected. i The Pareto solution corresponding to the minimum value is taken as the optimal compromise solution.

[0066] Those skilled in the art will readily understand that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a high wear-resistant and anti-stripping corrosion type aluminum alloy bridge bearing spherical cap liner, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Preparation of aluminum alloy raw materials: Weigh and mix each component of the aluminum alloy according to a mass fraction of 100wt%. (2) Smelting and casting of the alloy: After melting the above-mentioned aluminum alloy components, a refining agent is added and the aluminum alloy melt is refined to remove the oxide slag in the aluminum alloy melt; then the aluminum alloy melt is cast and aluminum alloy ingots are obtained in a condenser. (3) Hot rolling deformation: After the aluminum alloy ingot obtained by casting is subjected to composition homogenization heat treatment, it is hot rolled to obtain hot rolled aluminum alloy sheet. (4) Cutting and hot extrusion molding: The aluminum alloy slab obtained by hot rolling deformation is cut to obtain the aluminum alloy round plate for bridge crown liner of target size and weight. The cut aluminum alloy circular plate is hot-pressed to form an aluminum alloy bridge bearing spherical crown liner blank. (5) Solution aging heat treatment: The aluminum alloy bridge bearing spherical crown liner blank obtained by hot extrusion molding is subjected to solution heat treatment and then rapid water quenching and cooling. After solution water quenching and cooling, the aluminum alloy bridge spherical crown liner blank is subjected to aging heat treatment to obtain a high-strength, high-hardness, high-wear-resistant, and high-resistance to exfoliation corrosion aluminum alloy bridge spherical crown bearing liner blank. (6) Machining: The high-strength, high-hardness, high-wear-resistant, and high-resistance to peeling corrosion aluminum alloy bridge spherical crown bearing liner blank obtained after solution aging heat treatment is subjected to rough milling, fine milling, and constant linear speed rolling treatment to obtain mirror-finished aluminum alloy bridge spherical crown bearing liner. It also includes methods for optimizing the element ratios and processing parameters of aluminum alloys, specifically: First, a parameter index system for the preparation of the spherical crown liner is constructed, and real-time processing monitoring data during the preparation process is obtained. This monitoring data includes the aluminum alloy element ratio, alloy melting and casting process parameters, cutting hot extrusion molding process parameters, and solution aging heat treatment process parameters. At the same time, the wear resistance and anti-stripping properties corresponding to different parameters are detected. The above index system and detection parameters are divided into training set and test set according to a specified ratio. Secondly, a BO-RF regression model was constructed and trained, and the training set was used to predict the wear resistance and spalling resistance of the spherical crown liner. Finally, a BO-RF-NSGA-Ⅲ multi-objective optimization model was constructed, and the established BO-RF regression function was used as the NSGA-Ⅲ fitness function to optimize the wear resistance and spalling resistance of the spherical crown liner. Based on the obtained Pareto optimal solution set, the aluminum alloy element ratio and processing parameters that meet the wear resistance and spalling resistance of the spherical crown liner were determined by the TOPSIS method. Based on the RF model, the vertical and horizontal displacements of the bridge piers were used as prediction indicators. The importance of the parameters in the indicator system was analyzed. Then, the parameters that have a significant impact on the wear resistance and spalling resistance of the spherical crown liner were selected as the main optimization parameters. The five parameters with the highest importance were optimized. The relationship between the parameters of the RF regression prediction fitting and the wear resistance and spalling resistance of the spherical crown liner is introduced as the fitness function in the multi-objective genetic algorithm; The relationship between the parameters of the RF regression prediction fitting and the wear resistance and spalling resistance of the spherical canopy liner is introduced as the fitness function in the multi-objective genetic algorithm. The objective functions f1 and f2 of the wear resistance and spalling resistance of the spherical canopy liner are determined by the CatBoost prediction regression equation as follows: Where f1 and f2 are the absolute values ​​of the output function of each optimization objective, and X is... i The parameters in the numerical index system.

2. The method for preparing a high wear-resistant and anti-scabbing corrosion type aluminum alloy bridge bearing spherical cap liner according to claim 1, characterized in that, The percentages of each alloying element in the aluminum alloy are as follows: Si 0.6%-1.3%, Cu 0.02-0.1wt%, Mn 0.4-1.0wt%, Mg 0.8-2.0wt%, Cr 0.1-0.25wt%, Fe 0.01-0.5wt%, Zn 0.1-0.2wt%, Ti 0.02-0.1wt%, Zr 0.02-0.25wt%, with the balance element being Al.

3. The method for preparing a high wear-resistant and anti-stripping corrosion type aluminum alloy bridge bearing spherical cap liner according to claim 2, characterized in that, In the smelting and casting of the alloy, aluminum is first melted in a medium-frequency furnace or a resistance wire heating furnace, and then various granular or block-shaped alloying elements are added in sequence. After all the alloying elements have been fully melted, the aluminum alloy melt stirring device is started to stir the various alloying elements evenly to form a uniform aluminum alloy melt, which is then kept at 720-780℃ for half an hour. Then, a refining agent is added and the aluminum alloy melt is refined to remove the oxide slag. After that, the aluminum alloy melt is cast to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot in a solidification crystallizer.

4. The method for preparing a high wear-resistant and anti-stripping corrosion type aluminum alloy bridge bearing spherical cap liner according to claim 2, characterized in that, During the hot rolling deformation process, the aluminum alloy ingot obtained by casting is subjected to composition homogenization heat treatment at 440-480℃ for 4-15 hours, and then hot-rolled at 430-480℃ to obtain hot-rolled aluminum alloy sheet.

5. The method for preparing a high wear-resistant and anti-scabbing corrosion type aluminum alloy bridge bearing spherical cap liner according to claim 2, characterized in that, In the cutting hot extrusion molding process, the aluminum alloy slab obtained by hot rolling deformation is cut to obtain an aluminum alloy round plate for bridge spherical crown liner of the target size and weight. The aluminum alloy round plate is kept at 430-480℃ for 1-4 hours and then hot extruded in a hot extrusion forming mold preheated to 430-480℃ to obtain an aluminum alloy bridge bearing spherical crown plate blank of the target shape and size.

6. The method for preparing a high wear-resistant and anti-stripping corrosion type aluminum alloy bridge bearing spherical cap liner according to claim 2, characterized in that, In the solution aging heat treatment, the aluminum alloy bridge bearing spherical crown liner blank obtained by hot extrusion molding is solution-heated at 510-540℃ for 1-4 hours, then rapidly water-quenched. After solution quenching and cooling, the aluminum alloy bridge bearing spherical crown liner blank is held in a heat treatment furnace at 150-180℃ for 6-20 hours, and after aging heat treatment, a high-strength, high-hardness, high-wear-resistant, and high-resistance-to-stripping corrosion aluminum alloy bridge bearing liner blank is obtained.

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