An integrated cutter bar for mowing and grass seed harvesting for sparse grasslands and method

Abstract

In view of the characteristics of sparse grasslands, such as a large variety of grass species, different heights of grass seed distribution, sparse vegetation growth, uneven ground surface, and difficulty in wide-width operation, the present invention designs a mowing and grass seed harvesting integrated cutter head and method for sparse grasslands. The wide belt used in the device, in combination with the grass raking teeth fixed in layers in the up and down directions, can brush and shed grass seeds at different heights from their stems, which has good applicability to natural grasslands with diverse grass species and can greatly improve the grass seed harvesting rate. By adopting the method of brushing first and then mowing, grass can be harvested while harvesting grass seeds. In addition, the device adopts a combination of air blowing first and then air suction to reduce the harvesting loss of grass seeds.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of mowing and grass seed harvesting for sparse grasslands. Specifically, it relates to an integrated cutting table and method for mowing and grass seed harvesting for sparse grasslands. Background Art

[0002] At present, forage seed harvesters are generally relatively large, with complex structures and large power requirements. Using it to harvest forage seeds is not the most reasonable choice. Since there are significant differences in yields between forage and grains, for example, the straw-to-grain ratio of some forages can reach 60:1. Especially in natural grasslands, the per-mu yield of gramineous forage seeds is only a dozen to dozens of catties, and the ear amplitude difference of forage is much larger than that of wheat and rice. In addition, the terrain of natural grasslands is far less flat than that of farmland. Using such a combine harvester to cut and convey hundreds of catties of forage to the threshing cylinder for threshing, cleaning, and separation in order to harvest a dozen to dozens of catties of forage seeds results in high power consumption and a large amount of forage being turned into miscellaneous losses. At the same time, the total harvest loss of grass seeds is relatively large, and the purity is also low. Some dedicated grass seed harvesters only collect the seeds on the ears of forage plants and do not mow the forage. Although this improves the purity of grass seeds, the remaining forage still needs to be mowed again. In response to the above problems, the present invention proposes an integrated cutting table and method for mowing and grass seed harvesting for sparse grasslands, which can carry out mowing operations while harvesting grass seeds according to the characteristics of sparse grasslands, such as a variety of grass species, different heights and distributions of grass seeds, sparse vegetation, and uneven ground surface that makes it difficult to operate in a wide range. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an integrated cutting table and method for mowing and grass seed harvesting for sparse grasslands in view of the sparse growth of forage in natural grasslands, the undulating terrain of the grassland, the wide variety of grass seed types in sparse grasslands with different growth heights and sizes, and the resulting problem of difficult integrated harvesting of grass seeds and the forage itself. It can effectively carry out integrated harvesting of grass seeds and the forage itself for sparse grasslands with sparse growth.

[0004] An integrated cutting table and method for mowing and grass seed harvesting for sparse grasslands adopts the following technical solutions:

[0005] An integrated mowing and grass seed harvesting cutterbar for sparse grasslands and its method, comprising: a hydraulic motor is installed above the gearbox to provide power for the device. The shape of the gearbox housing is a cuboid. Hanging ears are installed behind the gearbox for hanging the device. A U-shaped top plate is fixed in front of the gearbox. Columns are vertically installed at the waist of the U-shaped top plate and its upper end is fixedly connected to the U-shaped top plate. The lower end of the column is fixedly connected to the front of the rear volute and the rear of the front volute. The upper end of the front roller shaft is fixedly connected to the front corner of the U-shaped top plate. The front roller is installed on the front roller shaft through bearings to form a non-powered roller. The rear roller is installed below the gearbox and is provided with rotational power by the gearbox. A wide belt is tensioned on the cylindrical surfaces of the front roller and the rear roller. The grass raking teeth are fixed on the surface of the wide belt in layers in the up and down direction. The grass screening frames are installed on both sides of the gearbox. The V-shaped screens are installed on the grass screening frames in layers in the up and down direction and form an up and down staggered distribution state with the grass raking teeth during the operation of the device. The air outlet of the rear volute is the rear air outlet, and a grass collecting cylinder is provided behind the rear air outlet.

[0006] A front impeller is provided inside the front volute, and the front impeller is fixedly connected to the front roller above it. A rear impeller is provided inside the rear volute, the upper part of the rear impeller is fixedly connected to the rear roller, and the lower part of the rear impeller is fixedly connected to the cutter disc.

[0007] The front air outlet of the front volute is composed of a plurality of flat-mouthed air outlets. After the front impeller forms a positive pressure air flow inside the front volute, it is blown out from the front air outlet to form a layered air flow.

[0008] The rear air outlet of the rear volute is connected to the bottom of the grass collecting cylinder. The air flow formed inside the rear volute is directly blown into the grass collecting cylinder, and this air flow forms a negative pressure at the mouth of the grass collecting cylinder to suck in the grass seeds in front of the grass collecting cylinder.

[0009] A grass dividing shaft is fixed at the front end of the rear volute. The grass dividing wheel is installed on the grass dividing shaft through bearings. The horizontally arranged grass dividing wheel is used to press down the combed stalks so that the grass seeds are separated from the stalks. The non-powered and freely rotatable grass dividing wheel will not actively wind the slender stalks around its outer surface, thus playing a role in preventing entanglement.

[0010] A mowing and grass seed harvesting method for sparse grasslands includes:

[0011] (1) The hydraulic motor cooperates with the gearbox to drive the rear roller, rear impeller, and cutter disc installed below it to rotate synchronously. The rear roller drives the front roller to rotate by means of the wide belt tensioned on its outside. At the same time, the front impeller fixedly connected to the front roller also rotates accordingly.

[0012] (2) The rotating wide belt cooperates with the grass raking teeth to rake the grass in front of the device to the inside of the two front volutes. The grass raking teeth fixed in layers in the up and down direction brush off the grass seeds at different heights from their stalks. The fallen grass seeds move towards the grass collecting cylinder under the mechanical force of the grass raking teeth moving backward and the lifting of the layered air flow blown out from the front air outlet.

[0013] (3) When the grass seeds move to the entrance of the grass collecting cylinder, a negative pressure is formed at the mouth of the grass collecting cylinder by the rear volute to suck the grass seeds into the grass collecting cylinder.

[0014] (4) The stems brushed by the grass raking teeth are diverted by the grass dividing wheel on the grass dividing shaft, and most of the stems are pressed to a height lower than that of the rear volute, and then cut by the cutter head.

[0015] (5) When the remaining part of the stems above the rear volute runs to the position of the grass screening rack driven by the grass raking teeth, the V-shaped screen combs out the stems remaining on the grass raking teeth.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0017] 1. The present invention adopts a set of power and an integrated structure, so that when the device operates on uneven grasslands, each component can be fixedly connected to each other to maintain good rigidity. The present invention adopts the method of first brushing the grass seeds above and then mowing the grass below to realize the integrated harvesting of grass seeds and forage grass. The wide belt of the present invention cooperates with the grass raking teeth fixed in layers in the up and down directions, and can brush off the grass seeds at different heights from their stems, which has good applicability to the natural grasslands with diverse grass species and can greatly improve the harvesting rate of grass seeds.

[0018] 2. The present invention uses a wide belt to drive the grass raking teeth to brush the grass seeds, and the upper part of the wide belt is closed and there is a front air inlet at the lower part to generate a backward airflow. This structure forms a relatively airtight cavity in front of the grass collecting cylinder. This relatively airtight cavity not only reduces the loss of grass seeds, but also improves the efficiency of air blowing at the front air inlet. Using a wide belt to drive the grass raking teeth and blowing air at the front air inlet enables the relatively large grass seeds to be mainly transported backward by the mechanical force of the grass raking teeth, while the small ones are blown backward by the airflow, so that the grass seeds with different growth heights and sizes can be harvested better. In addition, the device first blows the grass seeds to the front of the grass collecting cylinder by air blowing, and then uses the airflow formed by the rear air inlet of the rear volute at the bottom of the grass collecting cylinder to directly blow the grass seeds into the grass collecting cylinder. This airflow forms a negative pressure at the mouth of the grass collecting cylinder to suck the grass seeds in front of the grass collecting cylinder. This way of combining air blowing and air suction to form a large pressure difference can reduce the harvesting loss of grass seeds. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0019] Figure 1 is a schematic structural view of the device of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 is a bottom view of the device.

[0021] Figure 3 is a partial view of the volute of the device. Embodiment

[0022] See Figure 1, a combined mowing and grass seed harvesting cutterbar for sparse grasslands, characterized by comprising: a hydraulic motor 011 installed above a gearbox 012 to provide power for the device; the housing of the gearbox 012 is in the shape of a cuboid; a hitch ear 013 is installed behind the gearbox 012 for hitching the device; a U-shaped top plate 014 is fixed in front of the gearbox 012; a column 015 is vertically installed at the waist of the U-shaped top plate 014 and its upper end is fixedly connected to the U-shaped top plate 014; the lower end of the column 015 is fixedly connected to the front part of a rear volute 032 and the rear part of a front volute 033; the upper end of a front roller shaft 021 is fixedly connected to the front corner of the U-shaped top plate 014; a front roller 022 is installed on the front roller shaft 021 through bearings to form a non-powered roller; a rear roller 025 is installed below the gearbox 012 and is provided with rotational power by the gearbox 012; a wide belt 023 is tensioned on the cylindrical surfaces of the front roller 022 and the rear roller 025; weed raking teeth 024 are hierarchically fixed on the surface of the wide belt 023 in the up-and-down direction; a weed screening frame 026 is installed on both sides of the gearbox 012; V-shaped screens 027 are hierarchically installed on the weed screening frame 026 in the up-and-down direction and form an up-and-down staggered distribution state with the weed raking teeth 024 during the operation of the device; the air outlet of the rear volute 032 is a rear air outlet 039; a grass collection cylinder 031 is provided behind the rear air outlet 039.

[0023] In the above embodiment, under the condition of meeting the actual working transmission performance, the hydraulic motor 011 of the driving mechanism of the device can be replaced with other power forms, and the shape of the weed raking teeth 024 can also be other shapes, such as sheet-shaped, groove-shaped, etc.

[0024] See Figure 2 , a front impeller 035 is provided inside the front volute 033, the front impeller 035 is fixedly connected to the front roller 022 above it, a rear impeller 034 is provided inside the rear volute 032, the upper part of the rear impeller 034 is fixedly connected to the rear roller 025, and the lower part of the rear impeller 034 is fixedly connected to a cutter disc 028.

[0025] Since the forage grass in sparse grasslands generally grows poorly, the length of its stalks is short, and the friction between branches is small, it is impossible to ensure that after the cutter disc 028 cuts the grass, the weed raking teeth 024 can throw the grass seeds knocked off the grass onto the grass collection cylinder 031. The front air outlet 036 of the front volute 033 of this device is composed of multiple flat-mouthed air outlets. After the front impeller 035 forms a positive pressure air flow inside the front volute 033, it is blown out from the front air outlet 036, forming a layered air flow at a height close to the ground surface. This air flow cooperates with the grass cutting process of the cutter disc 028, and can blow the small grass seeds towards the grass collection cylinder 031, reducing the loss of grass seeds falling to the ground.

[0026] After the grass seeds blown by the current air outlet 036 move backward for a certain distance, due to the relatively open side of the air flow, its wind pressure rapidly decreases. At this time, the grass seeds carried by the positive-pressure air flow cannot completely enter the grass collection cylinder 031. This device uses the rear air outlet 039 of the rear volute 032 to connect with the bottom of the grass collection cylinder 031. The air flow formed in the rear volute 032 is directly blown into the grass collection cylinder. This air flow forms a negative pressure at the mouth of the grass collection cylinder 031. The large pressure difference formed by this negative pressure and the positive pressure generated by the front air outlet 036 can be used to suck in the grass seeds in front of the grass collection cylinder 031.

[0027] See Figure 1 and Figure 3 , after the grass seeds are combed, the forage grass is cut by the cutter head 028 and thrown in front of the grass separating wheel 037. A grass separating shaft 038 is fixed at the front end of the rear volute 032. The grass separating wheel 037 is installed on the grass separating shaft 038 through bearings and can rotate freely. The horizontally arranged grass separating wheel 037 is used to press down the combed stalks so that the grass seeds are separated from the stalks. The grass separating wheel 037 without power and capable of free rotation will not actively wind the slender stalks around its outer surface, thus playing a role in preventing entanglement. A part of the stalks that do not fall below the grass separating wheel move backward with the grass pushing teeth 024. When these stalks move to the V-shaped sieve 027 installed on the grass sieving frame 026, the V-shaped sieve 027 installed in a staggered manner in the vertical direction with the grass pushing teeth 024 can sieve off the stalks on the grass pushing teeth 024 to prevent the stalks from being circularly wound around the grass pushing teeth.

[0028] A mowing and grass seed harvesting method for sparse grasslands includes:

[0029] (1) The hydraulic motor 011 cooperates with the gearbox 012 to drive the rear roller 025, rear impeller 034, and cutter head 028 installed below it to rotate synchronously. The rear roller 025 drives the front roller 022 to rotate by using the wide belt 023 tensioned on its outer surface. At the same time, the front impeller 035 coaxially fixed with the front roller 022 also rotates accordingly.

[0030] (2) The rotating wide belt 023 cooperates with the grass pushing teeth 024 to push the grass in front of the device to the inside of the two front volutes 033. The grass pushing teeth 024 fixed in a staggered manner in the vertical direction comb and brush off the grass seeds at different heights from their stalks. The fallen grass seeds move toward the grass collection cylinder 031 under the action of the mechanical force of the grass pushing teeth 024 moving backward and the lifting of the layered air flow blown out by the front air outlet 036.

[0031] (3) When the grass seeds move to the entrance of the grass collection cylinder 031, the rear volute 032 forms a negative pressure at the mouth of the grass collection cylinder 031 to suck the grass seeds into the grass collection cylinder 031.

[0032] (4) The stalks combed by the grass pushing teeth 024 are diverted by the grass separating wheel 037 on the grass separating shaft 038 and most of the stalks are pressed to a height lower than that of the rear volute 032, and then cut by the cutter head 028.

[0033] When the remaining part of the stalk above the rear volute 032 runs to the position of the weed comb 026 driven by the weed comb teeth 024, the V-shaped weed comb 027 combs out the stalks remaining on the weed comb teeth 024.

Claims

1. An integrated mowing and grass seed harvesting cutterbar for sparse grasslands, characterized in that, Comprising: A hydraulic motor is installed above the gearbox to provide power for the device. The shape of the gearbox housing is a cuboid. Hanging ears are installed at the rear of the gearbox for hanging the device. A U-shaped top plate is fixed in front of the gearbox. A column is vertically installed at the waist of the U-shaped top plate and its upper end is fixedly connected to the U-shaped top plate. The lower end of the column is fixedly connected to the front of the rear volute and the rear of the front volute. The upper end of the front roller shaft is fixedly connected to the front corner of the U-shaped top plate. The front roller is installed on the front roller shaft through bearings to form a non-powered roller. The rear roller is installed below the gearbox and is provided with rotational power by the gearbox. A wide belt is tensioned on the cylindrical surfaces of the front roller and the rear roller. Weeding teeth are fixed on the surface of the wide belt in layers in the up-and-down direction. A straw screening frame is installed on both sides of the gearbox. V-shaped screens are installed on the straw screening frame in layers in the up-and-down direction and form an up-and-down staggered distribution state with the weeding teeth during the operation of the device. The air outlet of the rear volute is a rear air outlet, and a grass collection cylinder is provided behind the rear air outlet; A front impeller is arranged inside the front volute, and the front impeller is fixedly connected to the front roller above it. A rear impeller is arranged inside the rear volute, the upper part of the rear impeller is fixedly connected to the rear roller, and the lower part of the rear impeller is fixedly connected to the cutter head; The front air outlet of the front volute is composed of a plurality of flat air outlets. After the front impeller forms a positive pressure air flow inside the front volute, it is blown out from the front air outlet to form a backward laminar air flow.

2. The integrated cutterbar for mowing and grass seed harvesting for sparse grasslands according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rear air outlet of the rear volute is connected to the bottom of the grass collection cylinder, and the air flow formed inside the rear volute is directly blown into the grass collection cylinder. This air flow forms a negative pressure at the mouth of the grass collection cylinder for sucking the grass seeds in front of the grass collection cylinder.

3. The integrated cutter bar for mowing and grass seed harvesting for sparse grasslands according to claim 1, wherein, A grass dividing shaft is fixed at the front end of the rear volute. A grass dividing wheel is installed on the grass dividing shaft through bearings. The horizontally arranged grass dividing wheel is used to press down the combed stalks so as to separate the grass seeds from the stalks. The non-powered and freely rotatable grass dividing wheel will not actively wind the slender stalks around its outer surface.

4. The harvesting method of an integrated mowing and grass seed harvesting platform for sparse grasslands according to claim 1, characterized in that, Including the following processes: (1) The hydraulic motor cooperates with the gearbox to drive the rear roller, rear impeller, and cutter head installed below it to rotate synchronously. The rear roller drives the front roller to rotate by means of the wide belt tensioned on its outer surface. At the same time, the front impeller fixedly connected to the front roller also rotates accordingly; (2) The rotating wide belt cooperates with the weeding teeth to push the grass in front of the device to the inside of the two front volutes. The weeding teeth fixed in layers in the up-and-down direction brush off the grass seeds at different heights from their stalks. The fallen grass seeds move towards the grass collection cylinder under the action of the mechanical force of the weeding teeth moving backward and the support of the laminar air flow blown out from the front air outlet; (3) When the grass seeds move to the entrance of the grass collection cylinder, the rear volute forms a negative pressure at the mouth of the grass collection cylinder to suck the grass seeds into the grass collection cylinder; (4) The stalks combed by the weeding teeth are diverted by the grass dividing wheel on the grass dividing shaft and most of the stalks are pressed to a height lower than that of the rear volute, and then cut by the cutter head; (5) When the partial stalks remaining above the rear volute are driven by the weeding teeth to run to the position of the straw screening frame, the V-shaped screens screen out the stalks remaining on the weeding teeth.

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