An ultrasonic assisted turning device based on shear thickening polishing and its application method

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of shear thickening polishing, and in particular to an ultrasonic assisted turning device based on shear thickening polishing and an application method thereof. The device of the present invention comprises a machine tool component, an ultrasonic assisted component and a shear thickening liquid circulation component, wherein the ultrasonic assisted component is installed on the machine tool component. The ultrasonic assisted component comprises a turning tool, and the ultrasonic assisted component controls the high-frequency vibration of the turning tool so that when the turning tool turns the workpiece, a shear thickening effect occurs with the shear thickening liquid transported by the shear thickening liquid circulation component, thereby polishing the workpiece surface at the same time. The present invention also provides an application method of the device. The present invention utilizes the high-frequency vibration formed in ultrasonic assisted turning and the shear force in the cutting zone to achieve shear thickening polishing, which can be used for high-precision processing of hard and brittle materials, and has the advantages of completing shear thickening polishing while cutting, improving processing efficiency, eliminating turning tool marks, and improving surface quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to an ultra-precision machining technology for optical elements, and in particular to an ultrasonic assisted turning device based on shear thickening polishing and an application method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the development of ultra-precision machining technology, the requirements for machining accuracy and surface quality of optical components are getting higher and higher, and various polishing technologies have been developed, such as ion beam polishing, magnetorheological polishing, CCOS polishing, shear thickening polishing, etc. However, polishing can only be performed after turning or grinding to a certain accuracy, otherwise the polishing time will be greatly increased. Ultrasonic assisted turning technology has the advantages of small cutting force, reduced cutting heat, and good workpiece surface quality. It can achieve process effects that ordinary cutting cannot match, especially for the processing of difficult-to-machine materials and hard and brittle materials.

[0003] Ultrasonic-assisted turning technology includes one-dimensional ultrasonic vibration cutting, elliptical ultrasonic vibration cutting and high-speed ultrasonic vibration cutting. Existing ultrasonic-assisted turning and shear thickening polishing are two separate technologies. For example, the dual-purpose ultrasonic-assisted turning device proposed in the Chinese patent application number CN201410347272.9 improves the flexibility and interchangeability of the turning device in use, while the shear thickening polishing device proposed in the Chinese patent application number CN202011504672.8 and the application number CN202011049368.9 can improve the flatness and surface accuracy of the workpiece surface. The Chinese patent application number CN202122353083.0 provides a vibration-assisted magnetic shear thickening polishing device. Although it introduces axial controllable frequency vibration and combines a variable rotating polishing disk to achieve high-efficiency and high-quality polishing of complex structural parts / components in a coupled magnetic field, it can only achieve polishing. Ultrasonic-assisted turning technology can realize the processing of curved surfaces, flat surfaces, and complex microstructures of difficult-to-process materials, hard and brittle materials, and plastic materials. However, the quality of the optical components it processes is only suitable for use in the infrared band. If they are to be used in the visible light band, subsequent polishing is required to improve the surface quality. This process will inevitably increase the production cycle and reduce production efficiency.

[0004] Therefore, proposing an ultrasonic-assisted turning device based on shear thickening polishing and its application method are of great significance for reducing the production cycle, simplifying the process flow, and improving the surface quality of the workpiece. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, the present invention provides an ultrasonic-assisted turning device based on shear thickening polishing, comprising a machine tool component, an ultrasonic-assisted component and a shear thickening liquid circulation component, wherein the ultrasonic-assisted component is installed on the machine tool component; the ultrasonic-assisted component comprises a turning tool, and the ultrasonic-assisted component controls the high-frequency vibration of the turning tool to cause a shear thickening effect to occur with the shear thickening liquid transported by the shear thickening liquid circulation component when the turning tool turns the workpiece, thereby simultaneously polishing the workpiece surface.

[0006] Optionally, the ultrasonic auxiliary component further includes an ultrasonic generator and an ultrasonic vibrator, the ultrasonic generator is connected to the ultrasonic vibrator, and the turning tool is mounted on the ultrasonic vibrator.

[0007] Optionally, the shear thickening liquid circulation component includes an input pipe, a nozzle, a liquid storage tank, an output pipe, a centrifugal pump and an ultrasonic dispersion component, the nozzle is located on one side of the turning tool, the nozzle is connected to the ultrasonic dispersion component through the input pipe, the ultrasonic dispersion component is connected to the output port of the liquid storage tank through the output pipe, the liquid storage tank is located on the lower side of the turning tool for recovering the shear thickening liquid, and the centrifugal pump is arranged on the input pipe or the output pipe.

[0008] Optionally, a throttle valve is also provided on the input pipe or the output pipe.

[0009] Optionally, a peristaltic pump is also provided on the input pipe.

[0010] Optionally, the vibration frequency of the ultrasonic auxiliary component is 30-60 kHz, the amplitude is 4-8 μm, and the maximum ultrasonic output power is 50W-80W.

[0011] Optionally, the machine tool components include a bed, a spindle connected to the bed, and a rotating table, the spindle is used to clamp a workpiece, the ultrasonic auxiliary component is arranged above the rotating table, and the workpiece includes a plastic material or a brittle material.

[0012] In order to solve the above problems of the prior art, the present invention also provides an application method of an ultrasonic assisted turning device based on shear thickening polishing, comprising:

[0013] S1, preparing the shear thickening liquid and loading it into the shear thickening liquid circulation component;

[0014] S2, mounting the workpiece to be processed on the machine tool component, aligning the turning tool with the workpiece, and turning on the ultrasonic auxiliary component;

[0015] S3, starting the shear thickening liquid circulation component, starting processing after the circulation is stable, and using the ultrasonic auxiliary component to control the high-frequency vibration of the turning tool so that the turning tool and the shear thickening liquid transported by the shear thickening liquid circulation component produce a shear thickening effect when turning the workpiece, thereby polishing the workpiece surface at the same time;

[0016] S4. After the processing is completed, the ultrasonic auxiliary component is first closed, and then the shear thickening liquid circulation component is closed.

[0017] Optionally, the shear thickening liquid configured in step S1 contains the following components in percentage by mass: 20-30wt% nano-SiO2 abrasive, 30-40wt% high molecular polymer, 0.1-0.5wt% loosening agent, 0.5-0.7wt% pH regulator, and the rest is deionized water; and the pH value of the shear thickening liquid is adjusted to 6.5-7.5; the particle size of the nano-SiO2 abrasive is 30-80nm.

[0018] Optionally, the high molecular polymer is at least one of starch, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, and polyacrylamide.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are:

[0020] The shear thickening liquid of the present invention produces a shear thickening effect under the high-frequency vibration of the turning tool and the shear removal of the material, thereby polishing the surface of the workpiece and cooling the cutting heat generated during the turning process. It can be understood that the present invention combines the high-frequency vibration formed in ultrasonic assisted turning and the shear force in the cutting zone to achieve shear thickening polishing, so that shear thickening polishing is completed while cutting, and can be used for high-precision processing of hard and brittle materials, thereby eliminating turning tool marks, improving the surface quality of the workpiece, simplifying the process flow, reducing the production cycle, and improving production efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without paying creative work.

[0022] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the ultrasonic assisted turning device based on shear thickening polishing in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Explanation of the symbols in the accompanying drawings: 1. Machine tool components; 11. Bed; 12. Spindle; 13. Rotary table; 2. Workpiece; 3. Ultrasonic auxiliary components; 31. Ultrasonic generator; 32. Ultrasonic vibrator; 33. Turning tool; 4. Shear thickening liquid circulation component; 41. Input pipe; 42. Nozzle; 43. Shear thickening liquid; 44. Liquid storage tank; 45. Output pipe; 46. Throttle valve; 47. Centrifugal pump; 48. Ultrasonic dispersion component; 49. Peristaltic pump. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that terms such as "center", "up", "down", "horizontal", "inside", "outside", "top", and "bottom" indicating directions or positional relationships are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction. Therefore, they should not be understood as limitations on the present invention.

[0026] See also Figure 1 The embodiment of the present invention provides an ultrasonic-assisted turning device based on shear thickening polishing, comprising a machine tool component 1, an ultrasonic-assisted component 3 and a shear thickening liquid circulation component 4, wherein the ultrasonic-assisted component 3 is mounted on the machine tool component 1. The ultrasonic-assisted component 3 comprises a turning tool 33, and the ultrasonic-assisted component 3 controls the high-frequency vibration of the turning tool 33 so that the turning tool 33 and the shear thickening liquid 43 transported by the shear thickening liquid circulation component 4 produce a shear thickening effect when turning the workpiece, thereby polishing the workpiece surface at the same time.

[0027] The ultrasonic auxiliary component 3 further includes an ultrasonic generator 31 and an ultrasonic vibrator 32 . The ultrasonic generator 31 is connected to the ultrasonic vibrator 32 , and the turning tool 33 is mounted on the ultrasonic vibrator 32 .

[0028] The shear thickening liquid circulation component 4 includes an input pipe 41, a nozzle 42, a liquid storage tank 44, an output pipe 45, a centrifugal pump 47 and an ultrasonic dispersion component 48. The nozzle 42 is located on one side of the turning tool 33. The nozzle 42 is connected to the ultrasonic dispersion component 48 through the input pipe 41. The ultrasonic dispersion component 48 is connected to the output port of the liquid storage tank 44 through the output pipe 45. The liquid storage tank 44 is located on the lower side of the turning tool 33 for recovering the shear thickening liquid 43. The centrifugal pump 47 is arranged on the input pipe 41 or the output pipe 45.

[0029] A throttle valve 46 is also provided on the input pipe 41 or the output pipe 45 , and a peristaltic pump 49 is also provided on the input pipe 41 .

[0030] It can be understood that the nozzle 42 is used to spray the shear thickening liquid 43 into the contact area between the workpiece 2 to be processed and the turning tool 33, the centrifugal pump 47 and the peristaltic pump 49 are used to realize the recovery and output of the shear thickening liquid and ensure the stable operation of the circulation loop, and the ultrasonic dispersion component 48 is used to apply ultrasound to the shear thickening liquid 43 to make the abrasive particles vibrate at high frequency to prevent the shear thickening liquid 43 from settling.

[0031] In this embodiment, the vibration frequency of the ultrasonic auxiliary component 3 is 30-60 kHz, the amplitude is 4-8 μm, and the maximum ultrasonic output power is 50W-80W.

[0032] The machine tool component 1 includes a bed 11, a spindle 12 connected to the bed 11, and a rotary table 13. The spindle 12 is used to clamp a workpiece 2. The ultrasonic auxiliary component 3 is arranged above the rotary table 13. The workpiece 2 can be a plastic material or a brittle material.

[0033] The present invention also provides an application method of an ultrasonic assisted turning device based on shear thickening polishing, comprising:

[0034] S1, preparing a shear thickening liquid 43 and loading it into the ultrasonic dispersion component 48 of the shear thickening liquid circulation component 4;

[0035] S2, mounting the workpiece 2 to be processed on the machine tool component 1, aligning the turning tool 33 with the workpiece 2, and turning on the ultrasonic auxiliary component 3;

[0036] S3, start the shear thickening liquid circulation component 4, aim the nozzle 42 at the tip of the turning tool 33, and start processing after the circulation is stable, and control the high-frequency vibration of the turning tool 33 through the ultrasonic auxiliary component 3 so that the turning tool 33 and the shear thickening liquid 43 delivered by the shear thickening liquid circulation component 4 produce a shear thickening effect when turning the workpiece, thereby polishing the workpiece surface at the same time;

[0037] S4. After the processing is completed, the ultrasonic auxiliary component 3 is first turned off, and then the shear thickening liquid circulation component 4 is turned off.

[0038] The shear thickening liquid 43 prepared in step S1 comprises the following components by mass percentage: 20-30wt% nano-SiO2 abrasive, 30-40wt% high molecular polymer, 0.1-0.5wt% loosening agent, 0.5-0.7wt% pH value regulator, and the rest is deionized water, and the pH value of the shear thickening liquid 43 is adjusted to 6.5-7.5. The particle size of the nano-SiO2 abrasive is 30-80nm.

[0039] Wherein, the high molecular polymer is at least one of starch, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol and polyacrylamide.

[0040] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any technician familiar with the art can use the above disclosed technical content to make many possible changes and modifications to the technical solution of the present invention without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention, or modify it into an equivalent embodiment of equivalent changes. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention should fall within the scope of protection of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ultrasonic assisted turning device based on shear thickening polishing, characterized in that: The invention comprises a machine tool component (1), an ultrasonic auxiliary component (3) and a shear thickening liquid circulation component (4), wherein the ultrasonic auxiliary component (3) is mounted on the machine tool component (1); the ultrasonic auxiliary component (3) comprises a turning tool (33), and the ultrasonic auxiliary component (3) controls the turning tool (33) to vibrate at a high frequency so that when the turning tool (33) turns a workpiece, a shear thickening effect is generated with the shear thickening liquid (43) transported by the shear thickening liquid circulation component (4), thereby polishing the surface of the workpiece at the same time.

2. The ultrasonic assisted turning device based on shear thickening polishing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ultrasonic auxiliary component (3) further comprises an ultrasonic generator (31) and an ultrasonic vibrator (32); the ultrasonic generator (31) is connected to the ultrasonic vibrator (32), and the turning tool (33) is mounted on the ultrasonic vibrator (32).

3. The ultrasonic assisted turning device based on shear thickening polishing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shear thickening liquid circulation component (4) comprises an input pipe (41), a nozzle (42), a liquid storage tank (44), an output pipe (45), a centrifugal pump (47) and an ultrasonic dispersion component (48). The nozzle (42) is located on one side of the turning tool (33). The nozzle (42) is connected to the ultrasonic dispersion component (48) via the input pipe (41). The ultrasonic dispersion component (48) is connected to the output port of the liquid storage tank (44) via the output pipe (45). The liquid storage tank (44) is located on the lower side of the turning tool (33) for recovering the shear thickening liquid (43). The centrifugal pump (47) is arranged on the input pipe (41) or the output pipe (45).

4. The ultrasonic assisted turning device based on shear thickening polishing according to claim 3 is characterized in that: A throttle valve (46) is also provided on the inlet pipe (41) or the outlet pipe (45).

5. The ultrasonic assisted turning device based on shear thickening polishing according to claim 3, characterized in that: A peristaltic pump (49) is also provided on the input pipe (41).

6. The ultrasonic assisted turning device based on shear thickening polishing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ultrasonic auxiliary component (3) has a vibration frequency of 30 to 60 kHz, an amplitude of 4 to 8 μm, and a maximum ultrasonic output power of 50 W to 80 W.

7. The ultrasonic assisted turning device based on shear thickening polishing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The machine tool component (1) comprises a bed (11), a spindle (12) connected to the bed (11), and a rotating table (13); the spindle (12) is used to clamp a workpiece (2); the ultrasonic auxiliary component (3) is arranged above the rotating table (13); and the workpiece (2) comprises a plastic material or a brittle material.

8. An application method of the ultrasonic assisted turning device based on shear thickening polishing according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: include: S1, preparing the shear thickening liquid (43) and loading it into the shear thickening liquid circulation component (4); S2, mounting the workpiece (2) to be processed on the machine tool component (1), aligning the turning tool (33) with the workpiece (2), and turning on the ultrasonic auxiliary component (3); S3, starting the shear thickening liquid circulation component (4), and starting processing after the circulation is stable, and using the ultrasonic auxiliary component (3) to control the high-frequency vibration of the turning tool (33) so that the turning tool (33) produces a shear thickening effect with the shear thickening liquid (43) transported by the shear thickening liquid circulation component (4) when turning the workpiece, thereby polishing the workpiece surface at the same time; S4. After the processing is completed, the ultrasonic auxiliary component (3) is first turned off, and then the shear thickening liquid circulation component (4) is turned off.

9. The application method of the ultrasonic assisted turning device based on shear thickening polishing according to claim 8, characterized in that: The shear thickening liquid (43) prepared in step S1 comprises the following components in terms of mass fraction percentage: 20-30wt% nano-SiO2 abrasive, 30-40wt% high molecular polymer, 0.1-0.5wt% loosening agent, 0.5-0.7wt% pH value regulator, and the rest is deionized water; and the pH value of the shear thickening liquid (43) is adjusted to 6.5-7.5; the particle size of the nano-SiO2 abrasive is 30-80nm.

10. The application method of the ultrasonic assisted turning device based on shear thickening polishing according to claim 9, characterized in that: The high molecular polymer is at least one of starch, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol and polyacrylamide.

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