A photovoltaic energy plasma nitrogen fixation device integrated with a sprinkler irrigation system

Abstract

This invention discloses a photovoltaic energy plasma nitrogen fixation device integrated with a sprinkler irrigation system, comprising a photovoltaic AC / DC power supply system, a high-pressure sprinkler irrigation system, a plasma discharge device, an air self-intake device, a three-way cavity flow guiding device, and a nozzle flow guiding device. The photovoltaic AC / DC power supply system simultaneously provides power to both the sprinkler irrigation system and the plasma nitrogen fixation device. The plasma discharge device, placed within a plasma discharge chamber, ionizes the air with high-voltage DC, breaking the bonds in nitrogen molecules and causing them to disperse. Through a series of chemical reactions, nitrogen-containing nitrates are generated. This invention utilizes a photovoltaic energy harvesting device to provide clean energy, combines modern power electronics technology to achieve electrical energy conversion, and intelligently coordinates with the irrigation process. The plasma discharge simulates a natural lightning environment to achieve artificial nitrogen fixation, fully utilizing renewable energy to provide clean fertilizer for smart ecological circular agriculture.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of clean energy plasma nitrogen fixation technology, and in particular to a photovoltaic energy plasma nitrogen fixation device integrated with a sprinkler irrigation system. Background Technology

[0002] Nitrogen is an essential element for plant growth. The atmosphere contains over 99% of the world's nitrogen, with nitrogen gas accounting for 78.09%. Because nitrogen is an inert gas with stable covalent bonds that are not easily broken, most plants cannot directly utilize atmospheric nitrogen. The traditional Haber-Bosch (HB) process for nitrogen fixation, i.e., ammonia synthesis, has been used for over a century, feeding 40% of the world's population and greatly promoting technological progress and social development. However, its complex process, high energy consumption, and contribution to the greenhouse effect cannot be effectively improved, and it does not conform to the concept of sustainable development. Therefore, seeking an efficient and sustainable nitrogen fixation method is of great significance.

[0003] In recent years, research on plasma has provided new insights into nitrogen fixation technology. Unlike the traditional hematoxylin and eosin (HB) process, plasma nitrogen fixation uses air and water as raw materials, requiring no high temperature, high pressure, or catalysts. Its theoretical energy consumption is 0.2 MJ / mol, and its energy utilization rate is twice that of the HB process, making it considered the best alternative to HB. High-voltage plasma heats and ionizes nitrogen and water vapor in the air, producing high-energy electrons and free ions. These ions then combine with atmospheric nitrogen through physical or chemical reactions to form ammonia. This method can effectively address nitrogen deficiency in soil during crop growth, improving crop yield and quality.

[0004] Currently, most crops obtain nitrogen fertilizer mainly through the application of industrial nitrogen fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer produced by thunderstorms. The former requires high temperature and high pressure, while the latter requires special meteorological conditions. Therefore, designing a photovoltaic energy plasma nitrogen fixation device that is integrated with a sprinkler irrigation system is in line with the concept of modern agricultural development. Its principle is to integrate with the existing sprinkler irrigation system and embed a special plasma discharge device in the sprinkler head to make full use of renewable energy and achieve the effect of integrated sprinkler irrigation and nitrogen fixation. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a photovoltaic energy plasma nitrogen fixation device integrated with a sprinkler irrigation system. Powered by photovoltaic energy extraction, it allows for a simple upgrade of existing sprinkler irrigation systems, enabling timely and quantitative nitrogen supply to plants during crop growth. This fully utilizes clean energy, effectively reduces equipment costs, and solves problems related to the low efficiency of nitrogen oxide preparation, storage, transportation, and synthesis.

[0006] The aforementioned integrated nitrogen fixation goal of sprinkler irrigation is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A photovoltaic energy plasma nitrogen fixation device integrated with a sprinkler irrigation system is characterized by comprising a photovoltaic AC / DC power supply system, a high-pressure sprinkler irrigation system, a plasma discharge device, an air self-intake device, a three-way cavity flow guiding device, and a nozzle flow guiding device. The photovoltaic AC / DC power supply system simultaneously provides power to both the high-pressure sprinkler irrigation system and the plasma nitrogen fixation device. The high-pressure sprinkler irrigation system provides a channel for water flow, with water drawn by a water pump and distributed to the nitrogen-fixing nozzles via a control system. The plasma discharge device is placed within a plasma discharge cavity. The air self-intake device enables air self-flow, with the air outlet airflow and the annular jet water flow forming a discharge medium. The three-way cavity flow guiding device has an inlet connected to an internal threaded water inlet and an outlet connected to a conduit branch port and an annular small-hole spray port, respectively, and together with the nozzle flow guiding device, achieves nitrogen-fixing sprinkler irrigation.

[0008] Furthermore, the photovoltaic AC / DC power supply system generates electricity from solar-powered solar panels, which is then used by a controller to charge and discharge the battery. An inverter (DC-AC) and a DC-DC boost converter provide power frequency AC voltage and DC high voltage to the water pump and its control system, as well as the plasma nitrogen fixation device in the high-pressure irrigation system, respectively. The positive terminal of the DC-DC boost converter is grounded, and the high-voltage negative terminal is connected to the negative discharge electrode of the nozzle via a wire.

[0009] Furthermore, the high-pressure sprinkler irrigation system includes a material tank, a water storage tank, a high-pressure pipeline, a water pump, valves, a control system, and a crop sprinkler system. The water pump and control system are connected to a low-voltage power supply, while the plasma nitrogen-fixing nozzle is connected to a high-voltage power supply. A valve at the bottom of the material tank leads to the water storage tank. One end of the water pump is placed in the water storage tank, and the other end is connected to a valve and, through the control system, to the plasma nitrogen-fixing nozzle along the high-pressure pipeline.

[0010] Furthermore, the plasma discharge device includes a high-voltage power inlet, a control circuit, a hydraulic sensor, a high-voltage copper busbar, a negative high-voltage electrode, a low-voltage copper busbar, and a grounding electrode. The high-voltage power inlet has an opening facing downwards at a 45° angle, leading to the built-in control circuit. The hydraulic sensor is installed on the inner wall of the drainage pipe, transmitting hydraulic signals to the control circuit. One end of the high-voltage copper busbar is connected to the control circuit via an insulated wire, and the other end is connected to the negative high-voltage electrode; one end of the low-voltage copper busbar is connected to the control circuit via an insulated wire, and the other end is connected to the grounding electrode. The negative high-voltage electrode and the grounding electrode are arranged in a narrow-at-the-top, wide-at-the-bottom plane on the same plane, with multiple electrodes arranged in a cross-shaped spatial structure within the plasma discharge cavity. The copper busbar and electrodes inside the plasma discharge cavity are made of waterproof quartz material to prevent metal oxidation and corrosion.

[0011] Furthermore, the self-inhaling air device includes a Tesla valve, an air inlet, an anti-clogging chamber, and an air outlet. The Tesla valve is embedded on the outside of the three-way chamber, with the left and right Tesla valves symmetrically distributed. Air enters from the air inlet at one end, passes through the anti-clogging chamber, and exits from the air outlet at the other end. The anti-clogging chamber adopts an inverted triangular structure design.

[0012] Furthermore, the three-way flow guiding device includes an internal thread inlet, a water flow three-way cavity, a guide tube diversion port, and an annular small orifice jet port. The internal thread inlet at the upper end of the water flow three-way cavity is connected to a high-pressure pipeline, and the lower end is connected to the annular small orifice jet port and the guide tube diversion port, respectively.

[0013] Furthermore, the nozzle diversion device includes a guide pipe, a guide pipe nut, a diversion pipe, a cylindrical spray ring, nozzles, and an annular jet of water. The diversion pipe is made of composite insulating material, with its upper end fastened to the external threads of the guide pipe by the guide pipe nut, and its lower end connected to the cylindrical spray ring, which is equipped with multiple nozzles. The annular jet of water passes through the interior of the cylindrical spray ring and is ejected as a high-pressure water stream through the nozzles.

[0014] Furthermore, the tail sleeve includes threads and a positioning end. The tail sleeve is made of synthetic insulating material and is connected to the main body via detachable threads. The positioning end is tightly fitted and fixed to the porous cylindrical jet ring.

[0015] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0016] By simply upgrading the existing sprinkler irrigation system, plasma nitrogen fixation technology can be applied to the sprinkler irrigation system to simulate the effect of lightning in nature and achieve integrated sprinkler irrigation and nitrogen fixation.

[0017] Distributed photovoltaic equipment extracts energy locally, using air and water as raw materials at normal temperature and atmospheric pressure. Nitrogen oxides generated by high-voltage ionization of air are initially dissolved in the water jet sprayed from the three-way cavity, passing through the interior of the cylindrical ring. Subsequently, the annular jet of water further absorbs the nitrogen oxides, effectively improving the plasma nitrogen fixation efficiency.

[0018] Combining the initial discharge characteristics of the negative charge region in the middle of the cloud during natural lightning discharge, the discharge electrode adopts a cross-shaped spatial structure of negative polarity high voltage electrode and grounding electrode, which results in better discharge effect.

[0019] Air does not need to be pressurized before entering; under the action of the fluid, a pressure difference is created between the inside and outside of the discharge chamber. External air is automatically drawn into the discharge chamber through a Tesla valve, which provides a passage for airflow while preventing water from flowing back into the discharge chamber. In addition, this device has a simple structure, and its internal components are detachable, making it easy to maintain. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic energy plasma nitrogen fixation device integrated with a sprinkler irrigation system.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a cross-section of a high-pressure spray plasma nitrogen fixation device.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a negative polarity high-voltage direct current plasma discharge cavity.

[0023] In the diagram: 1. High-voltage power supply inlet; 2. Control circuit; 3. Hydraulic sensor; 4. High-voltage copper busbar; 5. Negative high-voltage electrode; 6. Low-voltage copper busbar; 7. Grounding electrode; 8. Plasma discharge chamber; 9. Tesla valve; 10. Air inlet; 11. Anti-clogging chamber; 12. Air outlet; 13. Internal threaded water inlet; 14. T-junction; 15. Guide tube shunt; 16. Annular small orifice jet nozzle; 17. Guide tube; 18. Drainage tube nut; 19. Drainage pipe; 20. Cylindrical jet ring; 21. Nozzle; 22. Annular jet water flow; 23. Tail sleeve; 24. Thread; 25. Positioning end Implementation

[0024] The following is combined Figures 1 to 3 The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below. In this invention, a photovoltaic energy plasma nitrogen fixation device integrated with a sprinkler irrigation system includes a photovoltaic AC / DC power supply system, a high-pressure sprinkler irrigation system, a plasma discharge device, an air self-intake device, a three-way cavity flow guiding device, and a nozzle flow guiding device. The photovoltaic AC / DC power supply system simultaneously provides power to both the high-pressure sprinkler irrigation system and the plasma nitrogen fixation device. The high-pressure sprinkler irrigation system provides a channel for water flow, with water drawn by a water pump and distributed to the nitrogen fixation nozzles via a control system. The plasma discharge device is placed inside the plasma discharge chamber 8. The air self-intake device enables air self-flow, and the airflow at the air outlet 12 and the annular jet water flow 22 constitute a discharge medium. The inlet of the three-way cavity flow guiding device is connected to an internal threaded water inlet 13, and the outlet is connected to a conduit branch port 15 and an annular small-hole jet port 16, respectively, achieving nitrogen fixation sprinkler irrigation in conjunction with the nozzle flow guiding device.

[0025] The photovoltaic AC / DC power supply system generates electricity from solar-powered panels, which is then used by a controller to charge and discharge batteries. An inverter (DC-AC) and a DC-DC boost converter provide power frequency AC voltage and DC high voltage to the water pump and its control system, as well as the plasma nitrogen fixation device in the high-pressure irrigation system, respectively. The positive terminal of the DC-DC boost converter is grounded, and the high-voltage negative terminal is connected to the negative discharge electrode of the sprinkler head via a wire.

[0026] The high-pressure sprinkler irrigation system includes a material tank, a water storage tank, high-pressure pipelines, a water pump, valves, a control system, and a crop sprinkler system. The water pump and control system are connected to a low-voltage power supply, while the plasma nitrogen-fixing nozzles are connected to a high-voltage power supply. A valve at the bottom of the material tank leads to the water storage tank. One end of the water pump draws water from the water storage tank, and the other end, connected to a valve, delivers water through the control system along the high-pressure pipeline to the plasma nitrogen-fixing nozzles.

[0027] The plasma discharge device includes a high-voltage power inlet 1, a control circuit 2, a hydraulic sensor 3, a high-voltage copper busbar 4, a negative high-voltage electrode 5, a low-voltage copper busbar 6, and a grounding electrode 7. The high-voltage power inlet 1 has an opening at a 45° downward angle, leading to the built-in control circuit 2. The hydraulic sensor 3 is installed on the inner wall of the drainage pipe 19, transmitting hydraulic signals to the control circuit 2. One end of the high-voltage copper busbar 4 is connected to the control circuit 2 by an insulated wire, and the other end is connected to the negative high-voltage electrode 5; one end of the low-voltage copper busbar 6 is connected to the control circuit 2 by an insulated wire, and the other end is connected to the grounding electrode 7. The negative high-voltage electrode 5 and the grounding electrode 7 are arranged in a narrow-at-the-top, wide-at-the-bottom plane on the same plane. Multiple electrodes are arranged in a cross-shaped spatial structure within the plasma discharge chamber 8 to generate a discharge plasma region that jumps with the water flow. The copper busbar and electrodes inside the plasma discharge chamber 8 are made of waterproof quartz material to prevent metal oxidation and corrosion.

[0028] The air self-inhalation device includes a Tesla valve 9, an air inlet 10, an anti-clogging chamber 11, and an air outlet 12. The Tesla valve 9 is embedded on the outside of the three-way chamber 14, with the left and right Tesla valves symmetrically distributed. Air enters through the air inlet 10 at one end, passes through the anti-clogging chamber 11, and exits through the air outlet 12 at the other end, forming a plasma discharge environment with the annular jet water flow 22. The Tesla valve also prevents backflow of the annular jet water flow. The anti-clogging chamber 11 adopts an inverted triangular structure design, effectively preventing sediment accumulation from clogging the air inlet of the Tesla valve.

[0029] The three-way flow guiding device includes an internal threaded inlet 13, a three-way cavity 14, a guide tube diversion port 15, and an annular small hole jet port 16. The internal threaded inlet 13 at the upper end of the water flow three-way cavity 14 receives the high-pressure pipeline, and the lower end is connected to the annular small hole jet port 16 and the guide tube diversion port 15, respectively, which plays a role in guiding the high-pressure water flow in the pipeline.

[0030] The nozzle diversion device includes a guide pipe 17, a guide pipe nut 18, a diversion pipe 19, a cylindrical jet ring 20, nozzles 21, and an annular jet water flow 22. The diversion pipe 19 is made of composite insulating material, with its upper end fastened to the external threads of the guide pipe 17 by the guide pipe nut 18, and its lower end connected to the cylindrical jet ring 20, which is equipped with multiple nozzles 21. The annular jet water flow 22 passes through the interior of the cylindrical jet ring 20 and sprays high-pressure water flow from the nozzles 21. The high-pressure water flow from the nozzles 21 and the annular jet water flow 22 form a high-speed fluid that drives the gas in the plasma discharge chamber 8 to flow outward, making the gas pressure in the discharge chamber lower than atmospheric pressure. External gas enters the discharge chamber through the Tesla valve 9, achieving a self-inhalation state of air.

[0031] The working method of nitrogen fixation using the above-mentioned spray nitrogen fixation device in this invention is as follows:

[0032] like Figure 1 Photovoltaic energy is converted into a stable target voltage via a controller, battery, and power electronic converter, simultaneously providing power to the high-pressure sprinkler system and plasma nitrogen fixation device. A water pump draws water from a storage tank containing materials at one end, and the other end is connected to a valve, which then transports the water along a high-pressure pipeline to the plasma nitrogen fixation nozzle via a control system. For example... Figure 2 , 3 High-pressure water flows into the three-way cavity 14 and is injected into the plasma discharge cavity 8 and the guide pipe 17 respectively. The water injected into the discharge cavity is used as a raw material for plasma nitrogen fixation. The water injected into the guide pipe 17 is connected to the cylindrical jet ring 20 through the diversion pipe 18 and is ejected from the nozzle 21 as a high-pressure annular closed water flow. Under the action of fluid, the gas pressure inside the discharge chamber is lower than the atmospheric pressure. External air is automatically drawn into the plasma discharge chamber 8 through the Tesla valve 9 to provide uninterrupted air raw material for plasma nitrogen fixation. When the high-pressure water flows through the drainage pipe 19, the hydraulic sensor 3 transmits the signal to the control circuit 2 to trigger the normally open contact of the relay to be energized and close. The high-pressure discharge electrode breaks down the flowing air to generate nitric oxide (NO) gas. Nitric oxide reacts further with air to generate nitrogen dioxide (NO2), which is very soluble in water. The water jet from the three-way chamber 14 initially absorbs nitrogen dioxide. When the nitrogen dioxide mixed with air and the annular jet water jet 22 pass through the cylindrical jet ring 20, the closed water jet formed by the nozzle 21 absorbs nitrogen dioxide again to generate dilute nitric acid. The dilute nitric acid reacts with the free ammonia in the organic fertilizer to generate nitrates that can be absorbed by crops, i.e., nitrogen fertilizer.

[0033] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, those skilled in the art can make corresponding modifications and variations based on the present invention, all of which fall within the scope of protection covered by the present invention.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic energy plasma nitrogen fixation device integrated with a sprinkler irrigation system, characterized in that: Including photovoltaic AC / DC power supply system, high-pressure sprinkler system and plasma discharge device, air self-inhalation device, three-way cavity flow guiding device, and nozzle flow guiding device; The photovoltaic AC / DC power supply system provides power to both the high-pressure sprinkler system and the plasma nitrogen fixation device; the high-pressure sprinkler system provides a channel for water flow, with water pumped by a water pump and distributed to the plasma nitrogen fixation nozzles by the control system. The plasma discharge device is placed inside the plasma discharge chamber (8); it includes a high-voltage power supply inlet (1), a control circuit (2), a hydraulic sensor (3), a high-voltage copper busbar (4), a negative high-voltage electrode (5), a low-voltage copper busbar (6), and a grounding electrode (7). The negative high-voltage electrode (5) and the grounding electrode (7) are arranged on the same plane with a narrow top and a wide bottom. Multiple electrodes are arranged in a cross-shaped spatial structure with positive and negative electrodes in sequence inside the plasma discharge chamber (8). The copper busbar and electrodes inside the plasma discharge chamber (8) are made of quartz material for waterproofing. The air self-inhalation device includes a Tesla valve (9), an air inlet (10), an anti-clogging chamber (11), and an air outlet (12). The Tesla valve (9) is embedded on the outside of the three-way chamber (14) and is symmetrically distributed on the left and right. Air flows out from the air outlet (12) through the air inlet (10), the anti-clogging chamber (11), and the Tesla valve (9) in sequence. The anti-clogging chamber (11) adopts an inverted triangular structure design. The airflow from the air outlet (12) and the annular jet water flow (22) constitute a discharge medium. The three-way cavity guiding device includes an internal thread inlet (13), a three-way cavity (14), a guide tube diversion port (15), and an annular small hole jet port (16). The internal thread inlet (13) at the upper end of the water flow three-way cavity (14) is connected to a high-pressure pipeline, and the lower end is connected to the annular small hole jet port (16) and the guide tube diversion port (15) respectively. The nozzle guiding device includes a guide tube (17), a guide tube nut (18), a guide pipe (19), a cylindrical jet ring (20), a nozzle (21), and an annular jet water flow (22). The guide pipe (19) is made of composite insulating material. Its upper end is fastened to the guide pipe (17) by the guide pipe nut (18), and its lower end is connected to the cylindrical jet ring (20). The cylindrical jet ring (20) is provided with multiple nozzles (21). The annular jet water flow (22) passes through the inside of the cylindrical jet ring (20) and sprays high-pressure water flow through the nozzles (21). The tail sleeve (23) includes a thread (24) and a positioning end (25). The tail sleeve (23) is made of synthetic insulating material and is connected to the main body through the assembleable and detachable thread (24). The positioning end (25) is tightly fitted and fixed to the porous cylindrical jet ring (20).

2. The photovoltaic energy plasma nitrogen fixation device combined with a sprinkler irrigation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photovoltaic AC / DC power supply system generates electricity from solar-powered solar panels, which is then used by a controller to charge and discharge the battery. The system provides power frequency AC voltage and DC high voltage to the water pump and its control system, as well as the plasma nitrogen fixation device in the high-pressure irrigation system, through an inverter (DC-AC) and a DC-DC booster device. The positive terminal of the DC booster device is grounded, and the negative terminal of the high voltage is connected to the negative discharge electrode of the nozzle by a wire.

3. The photovoltaic energy plasma nitrogen fixation device combined with a sprinkler irrigation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-pressure sprinkler irrigation system includes a material tank, a water storage tank, a high-pressure pipeline, a water pump, valves, a control system, and a crop sprinkler irrigation system. The water pump and control system are connected to a low-voltage power supply, while the plasma nitrogen-fixing nozzle is connected to a high-voltage power supply. The bottom of the material tank is connected to a valve leading to the water storage tank. One end of the water pump is placed in the water storage tank, and the other end is connected to a valve and then connected to the plasma nitrogen-fixing nozzle along the high-pressure pipeline through the control system.

4. The photovoltaic energy plasma nitrogen fixation device combined with a sprinkler irrigation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plasma discharge device has a high-voltage power inlet (1) with an opening angle of 45° downwards, leading to the built-in control circuit (2); the hydraulic sensor (3) is installed on the inner wall of the drainage pipe (19) to transmit hydraulic signals to the control circuit (2); one end of the high-voltage copper busbar (4) is connected to the control circuit (2) by an insulated wire, and the other end is connected to the negative polarity high-voltage electrode (5); one end of the low-voltage copper busbar (6) is connected to the control circuit (2) by an insulated wire, and the other end is connected to the grounding electrode (7).

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